553759 五、發明說明（1) 本發明涉及一種燃燒設備（較佳是固體燃料燃燒設備）中 使煙氣中之灰塵分離所用之裝置，其具有至少一種灰塵濾 器，藉此可引導煙氣且在煙氣經由灰塵濾器時可使灰塵由 煙氣中濾出。 在燃燒設備中進行各燃燒過程時，會依據所使用之燃料 而發出灰塵，灰塵特別是在固體燃料燃燒設備中及該處已 燃燒之燃料中很重要。爲了使這些灰塵不會發散至環境中 ，則各國中都有不同之法律規則可適用，藉此可使燃燒設 備中煙氣之灰塵含量在其進入周圍大氣中時受到限制。例 如，在德國中適用之法律是17.Blmschv und die TA Luft 2 000，藉此使進入環境大氣中之煙氣之灰塵含量限制於每 立方米之煙氣中< l〇mg之灰塵。 由於大部份所使用之燃燒設備（例如，大鍋爐設備）中通 常會產生煙氣溫度，其較240°C還高，則煙氣中所含有之 熱量可用來使傳送至燃燒設備之燃燒空氣被預熱，這些熱 量是在灰塵分離用之特定裝置之前或逆流而上時使煙氣有 較佳之能量使用率。 目前使用靜電式濾器裝置（例如，電子式濾器或織物濾 器）作爲灰塵分離用之裝置。在習知之燃燒設備中使用構 造形式不同之煙氣-空氣預熱器（LUVO)(例如，旋轉式LUVO ，肺流式LUVO，板式LUVO等等）使燃燒之空氣被預熱 。這些預熱器除了較大之功率損耗之外另有較大之壓力損 耗且受到高的機械應力。 本發明之目的是提供一種本文開頭所述之裝置使燃燒設備 553759 五、發明說明（2) (較佳是固體燃料燃燒設備）中之煙氣之灰塵被分離，藉此 一方面使煙氣中所含有之熱量可較佳地使傳送至燃燒設備 之燃燒空氣被預熱，另一方面使此種灰塵分離用之裝置之 技術上之構造簡化。 本發明中上述目的以下述方式達成：至少一種灰塵濾器 以散裝物濾器構成，在散裝物中在散裝物濾器經由煙氣時 熱量可由煙氣中取出且在散裝物濾器經由燃燒設備之燃燒 空氣時藉由散裝物可使煙氣中所容納之熱量發送至該燃燒 用之空氣中。 在本發明之灰塵分離用之裝置中，各別之煙氣-空氣預 熱器是不需要的，則在費用上可較先前技藝者少很多。這 樣可使壓力損耗較少，所消耗之電能較少，維修費較少且 經由冷表面之輻射損耗較少。先前技藝中灰塵分離用之裝 置中該壓力損耗（在煙氣流是46500標準立方米23.7g水/每 公斤空氣且燃燒用之空氣之溫度是128°C時）例如是18mbar; 反之，本發明之裝置中該壓力損耗只有13mbar。先前技藝 中灰塵分離用之裝置之吸取功率是220kw，本發明中者則 爲15 Okw。在先前技藝之灰塵分離用之裝置中，其具有電 子濾器以作爲濾器元件且濾器之功率需求是3 8kw，反之 ，在本發明之裝置中該濾器之功率需求不會發生。 本發明之裝置具有至少二個散裝物濾器，其可交替地經 由煙氣及燃燒用之空氣。在散裝物濾器經由煙氣時，散裝 物濾器被加熱，反之，散裝物濾器中所儲存之熱量在散裝 物濾器經由燃燒用之空氣時發送至空氣中。 553759 五、發明說明（3) 爲了使本發明之灰塵分離用之裝置之散裝物濾器具有儘 可能有利之流通性，則每一散裝物濾器都具有多層外殻時 是有利的，其中以平面式平行之方式配置二個格子形柵板 ，其間保存著該散裝物濾器之散裝物。由於該二個格子形 柵板可具有較大之表面，則本發明之裝置中所使用之散裝 物濾器即可達成一種好很多之流通性。 若該二個格子形柵板分別具有一種矩形之橫切面，則特 別有利。藉由適當之預先量測，則可在二個格子形柵板之 間設置一種寬度固定之中區間，其中可取出或保持該散裝 物濾器之散裝物。 須形成該散裝物濾器之散裝物，使其具有大的特定 (specific)表面及小的接觸面，則可確保：經由散裝物之各 別成份所造成之熱傳導在和散裝物由煙氣中所接收之熱量 相比時小很多。這樣可在散裝物層中以陡峭之溫度梯度來 調整一種可逆之溫度變化曲線。 特別有利之散裝物是可儲熱之碎岩石，特別是耐火泥。 散裝物濾器之格子形柵板之尺寸及格子形柵板之間所形 成之散裝物層之厚度可有利地依據煙氣流之大小及所設定 之溫度位準來設計，這當然亦適用於所選取之散裝物之品 質之控制過程。 在本發明之灰塵分離用之裝置中爲了在時間上依序施加 煙氣及燃燒用之空氣至散裝物濾器，則有利之方式是：藉 由一種翻轉控制法選擇性地使煙氣流或燃燒用之空氣流經 由各別之散裝濾器而傳送。 553759 五、發明說明（4) 本發明之裝置中，爲了使散裝物濾器之散裝物之太高之 灰塵負載不會造成太高之壓力損耗，則建議：本發明有利 之實施形式中每一散裝物濾器都具有一種散裝物去灰塵裝 置，藉此可使散裝物濾器之散裝物中所接收之由煙氣所沉 積之灰塵可由散裝物中分離出來。 散裝物去灰塵裝置在散裝物濾器經由燃燒用之空氣時可 有利地依攄該散裝物濾器上之壓力損耗來操作。 爲了由散裝物濾器之二個格子形柵板之間之中間區去除 該已受污染之散裝物，則該散裝物濾器之散裝物去灰麈裝 置有利之方式是具有一配置於散裝物下方之第一材料閘， 藉此可使散裝物-灰塵混合物以加料方式由散裝物濾器中取 出。由於散裝物濾器之格子形栅板之間所存在之散裝物下 方之該第一焚料閘，則該取出作用可以重力來達成。 每一散裝物濾器之散裝物去灰塵裝置具有一種在材料流 方向中配置在第一材料閘下游之下收集容器，由此使散裝 物-灰塵混合物可藉由供應氣流而傳送至旋風分離器，此時 散裝物及灰麈可互相分離。 ' 由旋風分離器之散裝物分送口，使已由灰塵中淨化之散 裝物到達上（upper)收集容器中，由此藉由第二材料閘又送 回至散裝物濾器之格子形柵板之間。該收集容器或第二材料 閘配置在該二個格子形柵板上方，使已淨化之散裝物之傳送 可在該二個格子形柵板之間之中間區中同樣以重力來達成。 每一散裝物濾器之去灰塵裝置之旋風分離器之灰麈取出 物或空氣流有利之方式是傳送至軸收集容器或織物濾器中。 553759 五、發明說明（5) 在本發明之由燃燒設備之煙氣中使灰塵分離所用之方法 中（其中煙氣在灰塵濾器中去除灰塵），煙氣中所含有之熱 量儲存在以散裝物濾器所形式之灰塵濾器之散裝物中且散 裝物中所儲存之熱量發送至該流經散裝物濾器之燒燒用之 空氣中。 利用本發明之方法，則熱回收率可大於95%。依攄本發 明之方法之特別有利之形式，只要散裝物濾器在其輸出側 到達煙氣溫度，則每一散裝物濾器即由煙氣流切換至燃燒 空氣流中。因此可利用該散裝物之最大之熱吸收空量，其 中該可吸收之最大之熱亦可用來使燃燒用之空氣冷卻。 在散裝物濾器發出熱量至燃燒用之空氣流時，該散裝物 由空氣流中所接收之灰塵中被淨化，其中可連續地進行該 淨化過程。 已受污染之散裝物以加料方式藉由重力由散裝物濾器中 去除，其中在已淨化之散裝物以加料方式藉由重力又傳送 至散裝物濾器之前，灰塵及散裝物可互相分離。 本發明以下將依攄圖式及實施形式來詳述。圖式簡單說 明： 第1圖本發明由燃燒設備中使煙氣中之灰塵分離所用 之裝置之實施形式。 第2圖係第1圖所示之裝置中灰塵濾器或散裝物瀘器 之主要組件。 第3圖通過第1圖中所示之裝置之煙氣。 第1圖中以透視圖顯示本發明之裝置1之實施形式。其使燃燒 553759 五、發明說明（8) 20及散裝物1 9之間進行，反之，散裝物1 9內部之熱傳 送是可忽略的。同理，在含有散裝物丨9之層中以陡峭之 溫度梯度來調整一種可逆之溫度變化曲線。 只要由散裝物1 9之層形成一種溫度中斷，即，只要輸 出側或外部之格子形柵板1 7之區域中之溫度到達煙氣溫 度’則煙氣20即停止供應至相關之灰塵濾器6,7中，此 時煙氣20施加至另一灰塵濾器7或6，如第1圖所述者。 藉由煙氣20而加熱至煙氣溫度之灰塵濾器6,7然後由 燃燒用之空氣流5所流過。燃燒用之空氣流5因此被加熱 而使灰塵濾器6被冷卻。 格子形柵格17，18之大小及散裝物19之層厚度在設計 灰塵濾器6,7時須與此裝置1操作時所期望之煙氣流2， 所期望之煙氣溫度及燃燒用之空氣所需求之溫度相匹配。 當煙氣流2經由灰塵濾器6時，大約99%之煙氣流2中 或煙氣20中所含有之灰塵被分離。在灰塵濾器6,7由煙 氣20所加熱之後由燃燒用之空氣流5所經過時，則灰塵 濾器6,7之散裝物19中所儲存之熱量中超過95%之熱量 可發送至燃燒用之空氣流5。即，利用前述之灰塵濾器 6,7，則熱回收率大於95%。在本裝置1之灰塵濾器6,7之 大尺寸之設計中，另外須考慮經濟上之觀點及施加煙氣或 燃燒用之空氣時所需之切換週期。 每一灰塵濾器6,7都設有一種散裝物去灰塵裝置22 ’如 第2圖所不’追將說明如下。 當燃燒用之空氣流5經由灰塵濾器6,7時（此時藉由灰 -10-553759 V. Description of the invention (1) The present invention relates to a device for separating dust in flue gas in a combustion equipment (preferably a solid fuel combustion equipment), which has at least one dust filter, thereby guiding the flue gas and preventing When the smoke passes through the dust filter, the dust can be filtered out of the smoke. During the combustion process in the combustion equipment, dust is emitted according to the fuel used. Dust is particularly important in solid fuel combustion equipment and in the fuel that has been burned there. In order to prevent these dusts from being emitted to the environment, different laws and regulations can be applied in various countries, thereby limiting the dust content of the smoke in the combustion equipment when it enters the surrounding atmosphere. For example, the law applicable in Germany is 17.Blmschv und die TA Luft 2 000, whereby the dust content of smoke entering the ambient atmosphere is limited to < 10 mg of dust per cubic meter of smoke. Since most of the combustion equipment used (for example, large boiler equipment) usually generates flue gas temperature, which is higher than 240 ° C, the heat contained in the flue gas can be used to make the combustion air transmitted to the combustion equipment. Being preheated, this heat makes the flue gas have a better energy utilization rate before the specific device for dust separation or when flowing up. An electrostatic filter device (for example, an electronic filter or a fabric filter) is currently used as a device for dust separation. In the conventional combustion equipment, flue gas-air preheaters (LUVO) (for example, rotary LUVO, pulmonary flow LUVO, plate LUVO, etc.) with different structures are used to preheat the combustion air. In addition to large power losses, these preheaters have large pressure losses and are subject to high mechanical stress. The object of the present invention is to provide a device as described at the beginning of this article to enable the combustion equipment 553759 to be separated from the dust in the flue gas in the description of the invention (2) (preferably a solid fuel combustion equipment). The contained heat can preferably preheat the combustion air transmitted to the combustion equipment, and on the other hand, simplify the technical construction of such a dust separation device. The above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved in the following manner: at least one dust filter is constituted by a bulk material filter, in which heat can be taken out of the flue gas when the bulk material filter passes the flue gas, and when the bulk material filter passes the combustion air of the combustion device With the bulk material, the heat contained in the flue gas can be sent to the combustion air. In the dust separation device of the present invention, a separate gas-air preheater is not required, and the cost can be much less than that of the previous artist. This results in less pressure loss, less power consumption, less maintenance costs, and less radiation loss through the cold surface. The pressure loss in the device for dust separation in the prior art (when the flue gas flow is 46500 standard cubic meters of 23.7 g of water per kg of air and the temperature of the combustion air is 128 ° C) is, for example, 18 mbar; otherwise, the present invention The pressure loss in the device is only 13 mbar. In the prior art, the suction power of the device for dust separation was 220kw, and in the present invention it was 15 Okw. In the prior art device for dust separation, it has an electronic filter as a filter element and the power demand of the filter is 38 kw. On the contrary, the power demand of the filter in the device of the present invention does not occur. The device of the invention has at least two bulk material filters which can alternately pass smoke and air for combustion. As the bulk filter passes through the flue gas, the bulk filter is heated. Conversely, the heat stored in the bulk filter is sent to the air as the bulk filter passes through the combustion air. 553759 V. Description of the invention (3) In order to make the bulk material filter of the device for dust separation of the present invention as advantageous as possible to circulate, it is advantageous when each bulk material filter has a multi-layer casing, of which the flat type Two grid-shaped grids are arranged in a parallel manner with the bulk of the bulk filter held in between. Since the two grid-shaped grid plates can have a larger surface, the bulk material filter used in the device of the present invention can achieve a much better flowability. It is particularly advantageous if the two grid-shaped grid plates each have a rectangular cross-section. With appropriate pre-measurement, a fixed-width intermediate section can be set between the two grid-shaped grids, in which the bulk of the bulk filter can be taken out or held. The bulk material of the bulk material filter must be formed so that it has a large specific surface and a small contact surface, so as to ensure that the heat conduction through the individual components of the bulk material and the bulk material from the smoke The amount of heat received is much smaller than it is. In this way, a steep temperature gradient in the bulk layer can be used to adjust a reversible temperature change curve. Particularly advantageous bulk materials are crushed rocks that can store heat, especially refractory mud. The size of the grid-shaped grid plate of the bulk material filter and the thickness of the bulk material layer formed between the grid-shaped grid plates can be advantageously designed according to the size of the flue gas flow and the set temperature level. The quality control process of bulk materials. In the dust separation device of the present invention, in order to sequentially apply smoke and combustion air to the bulk filter in time, it is advantageous to selectively enable smoke flow or combustion by a turning control method. The air flow is transmitted through separate bulk filters. 553759 V. Description of the invention (4) In the device of the present invention, in order that the dust load of the bulk material filter is too high, the dust load will not cause too high pressure loss, it is recommended that: each bulk in the advantageous implementation form of the present invention The material filter has a dust removing device for the bulk material, so that the dust deposited by the flue gas received in the bulk material filter can be separated from the bulk material. The bulk material de-dusting device can advantageously be operated in dependence on the pressure loss on the bulk material filter when the bulk material filter passes through the combustion air. In order to remove the contaminated bulk material from the intermediate area between the two grid-shaped grid plates of the bulk material filter, the bulk material deashing device of the bulk material filter is advantageously provided with a device disposed below the bulk material. The first material shutter, whereby the bulk-dust mixture can be taken out of the bulk filter in a dosing manner. Because the first incinerator below the bulk material existing between the grid-shaped grids of the bulk material filter, the removal effect can be achieved by gravity. The bulk material dust removing device of each bulk material filter has a collecting container arranged below the first material gate in the material flow direction, so that the bulk material-dust mixture can be transferred to the cyclone by supplying the air flow, Bulk and ash can be separated from each other. '' From the bulk material distribution port of the cyclone separator, the bulk material that has been purified from the dust reaches the upper collection container, and is then returned to the grid-shaped grid plate of the bulk material filter through the second material gate. between. The collection container or the second material gate is arranged above the two grid-shaped grids, so that the transportation of the purified bulk material can be achieved by gravity in the middle area between the two grid-shaped grids. The dust or dust from the cyclone separator of the dust removal device of each bulk material filter is advantageously conveyed to a shaft collection container or fabric filter. 553759 V. Description of the invention (5) In the method for separating dust from the flue gas of the combustion equipment of the present invention (where the flue gas is removed from the dust filter), the heat contained in the flue gas is stored in bulk The dust in the form of a filter is in bulk and the heat stored in the bulk is sent to the burning air flowing through the bulk filter. With the method of the present invention, the heat recovery rate can be greater than 95%. According to a particularly advantageous form of the method of the present invention, as long as the bulk filter reaches the flue gas temperature on its output side, each bulk filter is switched from the flue gas stream to the combustion air stream. Therefore, the maximum heat absorption space of the bulk material can be used, and the maximum heat absorption capacity can also be used to cool the combustion air. When the bulk material filter emits heat to the air stream for combustion, the bulk material is purified from the dust received in the air stream, and the purification process can be continuously performed. The contaminated bulk material is removed from the bulk material filter by gravity through the feed method, wherein the dust and the bulk material can be separated from each other before the purified bulk material is transferred by gravity from the bulk material filter to the bulk filter. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to drawings and implementation forms. The drawings are briefly explained: Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the device for separating dust in flue gas in a combustion device according to the present invention. Figure 2 shows the main components of the dust filter or bulk container in the device shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 passes the smoke from the device shown in Figure 1. FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention. It causes combustion 553759 V. Invention description (8) 20 and bulk material 19, on the contrary, the heat transfer inside the bulk material 19 is negligible. In the same way, a steep temperature gradient is used to adjust a reversible temperature change curve in the layer containing the bulk material. As long as a temperature interruption is formed by the layers of the bulk material 19, that is, as long as the temperature in the area of the output side or outside of the grid-shaped grid plate 17 reaches the flue gas temperature ', the supply of the flue gas 20 to the relevant dust filter 6 is stopped. In 7, the flue gas 20 is applied to another dust filter 7 or 6, as described in FIG. 1. The dust filters 6, 7 which are heated to the temperature of the flue gas by the flue gas 20 are then passed by the air flow 5 for combustion. The combustion air stream 5 is thus heated and the dust filter 6 is cooled. The size of the grid-shaped grids 17, 18 and the layer thickness of the bulk material 19 must be designed when the dust filters 6, 7 are operated with the desired flue gas flow 2, the expected flue gas temperature and the air used for combustion. The required temperature matches. When the smoke stream 2 passes through the dust filter 6, about 99% of the dust contained in the smoke stream 2 or the smoke 20 is separated. When the dust filters 6, 7 are heated by the flue gas 20 and passed by the combustion air flow 5, then more than 95% of the heat stored in the bulk 19 of the dust filters 6, 7 can be sent to the combustion The air flow 5. That is, with the aforementioned dust filters 6,7, the heat recovery rate is greater than 95%. In the large-size design of the dust filters 6, 7 of the device 1, it is necessary to consider the economic point of view and the switching period required when applying smoke or combustion air. Each of the dust filters 6, 7 is provided with a dust removing device 22 for bulk materials as shown in Fig. 2 as follows. When the combustion air flow 5 passes through the dust filters 6, 7 (at this time by the ash -10-