546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 背景 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明係關於液體之霧化，其中霧化氣體係藉由與待 霧化之熱液體進行間接熱交換而受熱。更特定言之，本發 明係關於液體霧化之方法及設備，其中霧化水蒸汽係藉由 與待霧化之熱液體進行間接熱交換而被加熱至過熱溫度及 一高速度。此可用於F C C過程中以使熱進料油霧化。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 使尚流速之熱且十分黏稠的流體（如流化床催化裂化 (F C C )過程中所用之重質石油潤滑油進料）霧化是一 在石油加工業已確立且廣泛使用之方法，其主要是將高沸 點之石油潤滑油轉化成更具價値之低沸點產品，包括汽油 及柴油如煤油、噴氣式發動機燃料及柴油機燃料、以及燃 料油。在F C C過程中，預熱之油進料係在壓力下與水蒸 汽或低分子星（即C 4-)热體混合，以形成一*含有水蒸汽 或氣相及液態油相之兩相流體。將此流體通過一霧化工具 C如銳孔），進入低壓霧化區，以使之霧化成可接觸到熱 的裂化催化劑微粒之油滴噴霧。進料之霧化將在霧化銳孔 或霧化工具下游立即被引發，並且可持續到下游氣門反應 區。蒸汽比輕質烴氣更常使用，以減低氣體壓縮設備及下 游產品分餾的蒸氣負荷。爲了使F C C進料中所用之相當 重質且黏稠之殘留油的餾份增加，就需要更多更熱之水蒸 汽來進行霧化。然而，很多設備的水蒸汽容量有限，且蒸 汽典型地都是飽和，因而限制了有效處理較重質進料的能 力。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -4- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 摘述^ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明係關於流化床催化裂化（F C C )方法，_ 係藉用霧化氣體使熱進料油霧化，且至少有一部份的_ + 氣體係經由與熱進料油進行間接熱交換而受熱。熱交趣^ 在霧化工具上游於至少一個熱交換工具中發生；舉例；^ 熱交換工具包括一熱傳導裝置或有著許多流體通路工具_ 其內之實體，每一流體通路工具有至少一個流體入口及& 口，以使氣體及熱油分別地流進或流出，在此間接熱交換 期間熱油便使氣體加熱。霧化乃意謂著使液態進料油形成 含有不連續且分散之油小滴或油液滴。霧化係經由使流體 通過至少一個霧化工具進入低壓霧化區而完成。當使用一 個以上之霧化工具時，可依連續流動方式排列或平行流動 方式排列，而較佳地是平行。受熱之霧化氣體較佳地是包 括水蒸汽，其可與或無需與一或多個其他氣體（如烴氣或 蒸氣）混合。因此，本文所用之’蒸汽’ 一詞並不表示排 除了其他氣體與水蒸汽之混合。然而，霧化氣體較佳地是 包含至少9 5體積％水蒸汽，更佳地是全部爲水蒸汽°在 本發明之實施中，是將蒸汽加熱至過熱溫度，而在較佳之 具體實施例中，此過熱之蒸汽是從熱交換工具中流出，胃 以高速度注入流動的熱油性流體中。高速度乃是指水_ n 之馬赫數較佳地大於0 . 5，更佳地大於0 . 8，甚胃M 佳地大於0 . 9。熱油流經熱交換工具時可爲只含有^ ^ 料油之單相流體，或是包含氣體（較佳地爲水蒸汽）& ^ 油之兩相流體。本文中所用之’流體’ 一詞係表示、涵蓋單 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -5 - 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 一液相及包含氣相與液相之兩相混合物。過熱水蒸汽（較 佳地在高速度下）將注入流動之流體中以增加液相之表面 積。增高的速度可減少所需之蒸汽量並增加用來增進液態 表面積之動能（亦即e = m v 2 )，此舉可經由被霧化之油 噴霧的較小液滴尺寸而終究顯明出來。過熱水蒸汽可注水 蒸汽及熱進料油之兩相流體，或（Π )其液相表面積會增 加之兩相流體。也就是說，若水蒸汽將注入之熱流體是一 單相液體時，將水蒸汽注入該液體會產生一含有水蒸汽相 及液相之兩相流體。若水蒸汽所注入之熱流體是一含有水 蒸汽（或氣體）及熱液態油之兩相流體時，將水蒸汽注入 該液體會增加該流體中液相的表面積。兩相流體係通過並 流經一霧化工具，然後進入低壓霧化區，其中該水蒸汽將 膨脹形成一含有已霧化滴之噴霧。霧化工具典型地包括一 眾所皆知之減壓並增速的銳孔，但其也可包括一在低壓霧 化區上游之減壓並增速的地帶或區域，其中該水蒸汽將充 分地膨脹以形成油滴噴霧。如下文詳述般，霧化區可包括 或不包括部份的熱交換工具。若其包括部份的熱交換工具 ，將典型地座落在最接近其流體出口處。在另一具體實施 例中，所有或部份在熱交換工具中形成之過熱水蒸汽係以 ’震動水蒸汽’直接進入兩相流體內（當其離開霧化工具 欲進入低壓霧化區時），以提供霧化油更均一之小滴尺寸 分布。 根據本發明之實施，在F C C方法中有至少部份的霧 化蒸汽將加熱至過熱溫度，熱進料油典型地將注入部份的 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -6- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 霧化水蒸汽中或與之混合，以便在熱交換工具所產生之過 熱蒸汽注入之前，形成兩相流體。典型地，此將在熱交換 工具上游發生。部份先前的或上游之水蒸汽會過熱，但更 典型地是全部爲飽和水蒸汽。在具體實施例之一中熱交換 工具可包括如銳孔之霧化工具。在另一具體實施例中，其 將包括可混合在上游形成之兩相流體的工具，以增加液體 進料油相的表面積。在實施本發明時，熱油狀流體流經熱 交換工具所引起的溫降（即使水蒸汽加熱至過熱溫度）， 典型地是小於6 °C。若飽和水蒸汽進入熱交換工具時，在 其通過此一工具後會使該水蒸汽過熱，接著此過熱水蒸汽 便注入或衝擊到流動之熱流體中。若是過熱水蒸汽進入熱 交換工具，其過熱的溫度將更增高。在另一情況下，在熱 交換工具內所加熱或形成之過熱蒸汽係以霧化氣體方式直 接進入流動之熱流體中。熱交換工具和霧化工具此二者典 型地涵蓋部份進料注入裝置，其可將熱的已霧化油滴噴射 進入催化裂化器反應區，使之與熱催化劑粒子接觸，此熱 催化劑粒子能以催化方式將熱油裂化成更有價値 '且通常 是低沸點之物質。注入裝置通常包括有進料導管，其內放 置者水蒸汽噴霧器，以形成包含熱油進料及水蒸汽之兩相 流體。導管將此兩相流體送入熱交換工具內，同時在此工 具中所生成之過熱蒸汽將注入此流動流體中以增加液相的 表面積。雖然單相液態流體也可流入熱交換工具內，但在 F C C方法中更典型的是含有水蒸汽及液態進料油之兩相 流體。在其中熱交換工具也可混合流動流體的具體實施例 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -7 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 中，流體是一包含水蒸汽相及液態進料油相之兩相、水蒸 汽持續不斷之流體。在另一情況中，兩相流體先形成，後 來再注入過熱水蒸汽，且較佳地是在通過霧化工具時水蒸 汽還持續著。兩相流體流經霧化工具進入低壓霧化區時， 其中水蒸汽會膨脹而流體會被霧化形成油滴噴霧。噴霧分 布工具或管尖較佳地係用來使液態油滴噴霧成形，形成所 需之形狀，並且典型地係緊臨注入裝置的下游末端。此噴 霧分布工具是位於霧化工具的下游或者其上游入口可涵蓋 霧化工具。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 實施本發明時，霧化工具上游之流體壓力是比霧化區 或膨脹區還高。在F C C過於中，注射器內之流體壓力是 高過霧化區，霧化區在FCC催化裂化反應中可涵蓋，或 是通向催化裂化反應區，並且與反應區是直接的流體通路 。如一般已知地，此反應區典型的包括一氣門。高速過熱 之水蒸汽注入流體時，縱使通過霧化工具或銳孔後有非常 低的流體壓降（亦即〜6 9 k P a )，但該所得之已霧化 液體也能產生較小的沙得平均液滴直徑。將馬赫數大於 0 . 5之高速水蒸汽注入流體中，可減少霧化所需之水蒸 汽量，但不會加大已霧化液滴的尺寸。在短時間內使進料 蒸發將可能產生較多量的有用裂化產品。進料蒸發是許多 因素的函數，包括已霧化進料液體的液滴大小、形狀及液 滴噴霧的均一性。 在一般認知中，本方法包括有霧化過程，其中含有待 霧化液體之熱流體係流入熱交換工具內，與霧化氣體進行 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -8- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 間接熱交換以加熱該氣體。在本發明內文中，’氣體’一 詞乃意謂著包括水蒸汽及/或任何其他適用做爲霧化流體 之氣態物質，如C 4 -烴蒸氣、氮氣及其類似物。然而，在 FCC方法中，典型地是全部爲水蒸汽。受熱之霧化氣體 係以高速度注入流動之熱流體中，以幫助流體中的液體霧 化成小滴噴霧。如所說明，此流體係藉由流入至少一個霧 化工具如銳孔中，並進入低壓霧化區而霧化。流經熱交換 工具之流體可爲單相之待霧化液體，或含該液體及霧化氣 體之兩相流體。當進入霧化銳孔時，此流體將包含兩相流 體，且最佳地是氣體持續不斷。此兩相流體可在過熱水蒸 汽注入流體之前即形成，或者是過熱水蒸汽注入之後才形 成。在二者任一情況中，流體在過熱水蒸汽注入後皆包含 有氣體持續不斷的兩相流體。在熱交換工具中及霧化工具 上游的壓力係大於霧化區下游的壓力。在和典型F C C方 法相關的更詳細具體實施例中，本發明包括步驟： (a )在壓力下將霧化水蒸汽注入一流動、熱的液態 F C C進料油中，以形成含有該熱油及水蒸汽之兩相流體 (b )使水蒸汽及（a )中所形成之熱的兩相流體流 經熱父換工具中的各別導管，其中該流動之熱流體將藉由 間接熱交換而使水蒸汽加熱至過熱溫度； (c )將在（b )中形成之過熱的熱水蒸汽注入該熱 流體中，以增加液相的表面積，並形成一水蒸汽持續不斷 的兩相流體； 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝· 經濟部智慧財產^7g(工消費合作社印製 • 1— I J— . -9- 546367 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明（7 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (d )使該水蒸汽持續不斷的流體流經至少一個霧化 工具中，並進入至少一個低壓霧化區，以使該流體至少部 份霧化，同時形成一含有該進料油液滴之噴霧。 噴霧可於催化裂化區內或靠近催化裂化區形成，或者 可在催化裂化反應區進行。 更進一步之具體實施例包括：（i )於反應區內，並 在能有效催化裂化該進料油以產生低沸點烴及用過之催化 劑粒子（其含有可汽提之烴及焦炭）的反應條件下，令該 噴霧與一微粒狀、熱的再生裂化催化劑接觸；（ϋ )在分 離區中，將該步驟（i )所生成之低沸點烴從用過之催化 劑粒子中分離，並在汽提區汽提該催化劑粒子以移去該可 汽提之烴，進而產生經汽提之焦催化劑粒子；（ffi )使該 經汽提之焦催化劑粒子進入再生區，其中該粒子將在能有 效使焦炭燒盡之條件下與氧氣接觸，以便產生熱的再生催 化劑粒子；以及（iv )使此熱的再生粒子進入催化裂化區 〇 另一具體實施例包括一過程爲：（a )使一溫度高於 經濟部智慧財/I局員工消費合作社印製 熱將 b 股二水 行 } ί 一第之 進 b 驟 第與熱 汽{步 射體過 蒸 ·，由 噴流成 水汽該 }相變 股蒸令 a 兩會 二水； {該汽 第之 C :使蒸 與熱ί 爲} 水 體過及 程 b 股 流成以 過{ 二 的變 .， 一 •，第 汽會中。括體此 蒸汽體 π 包流如 水蒸流^ 例相 ， 及水該Λ#施兩換 油股入51實成交 有二注、流體形熱 含第汽 I 具使行 之此蒸之一油進 Ρ 如水得另及汽 ο ，熱所又汽蒸 6 換過中 蒸水 2 六乂此 } 水股 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） -10- 546367 A7 B7 i、發明説明（8 ) 黑汽；（c )將此過熱水蒸汽注入該兩相流體中；以及（ d )令該由步驟（c )中所得之股流進入霧化區。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 又另一具體實施例包括一過程爲：（a )將第一股水 蒸汽與油組合起來使形成兩相流體；（b )使該兩相流體 與第二股水蒸汽進行熱交換，如此第二股水蒸汽會變成過 熱之水蒸汽；（c )將此過熱水蒸汽注入該兩相流體中； 以及C d )使該由步驟（c )中所得之股流減壓，再流入 噴霧分布區。 又另一具體實施例，其F C C過程包括有：（a )將 第一股水蒸汽與F C C進料股流組合起來使形成一兩相流 體；（b )使該兩相流體與第二股水蒸汽進行熱交換，如 此第二股水蒸汽會變成過熱之水蒸汽；（c )將此過熱水 蒸汽注入該兩相流體中；以及（d )使該由步驟（c )中 所得之F C C進料股流流經霧化區而進入F C C反應器內 〇 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 又另一具體實施例包括一過程爲：（a )使一含有待 霧化液體之流體與霧化氣體進行熱交換，如此該霧化氣體 變成過熱；（b )將此過熱之霧化氣體注入該流體中；以 及（c.)令該由步驟（b )中所得之股流流入霧化區。 又另一具體實施例包括有一使流體霧化之設備，此設 備包括：涵蓋至少一個入口、出口之中央通道，及至少一 個霧化用流體的通道（其在霧化用流體之通道出口設計了 可與中央通道流暢地交通），此設備可進一步包括一加熱 區，其係設計來促進中央通道與至少一個霧化用流體通道 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -11 - 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（9 ) 之間的熱交換，中央通道出口係位於霧化用流體通道出口 進入中央通道處的下游。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項存填寫本買) 又另一具體實施例包括有一使流體霧化之設備，此設 備包括：（a )涵蓋至少一個待霧化流體之入口的中央通 道；（b )位於至少一個入口的下游處之霧化區；（c ) 及至少一個霧化用流體通道，其設計了可經由霧化用流體 通道之出口而與中央通道流暢地交通，其中霧化用流體通 道之出口有一個大於6 0°之向前銳角，且是同中心地圍 繞在中央通道的周長上；以及（d )加熱區，其係設計來 促進中央通道與至少一個霧化用流體通道之間的熱交換， 其中加熱區是位於霧化區上游。 又另一具體實施例包括有一使流體霧化之設備，此設 備包括·· （ a )涵蓋至少一個待霧化流體之入口的中央通 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 道；（b )位於至少一個入口的下游處之霧化區；（c ) 及至少一個霧化用流體通道，其設計了可經由霧化用流體 通道之出口而與中央通道流暢地交通，其中霧化用流體通 道之出口有一個大於6 0°之向前銳角，且是同中心地圍 繞在中央通道的周長上；以及（d )加熱區，其係設計來 促進中央通道與至少一個霧化用流體通道之的熱交換；（ e )位於中央通道內使霧化用流體通道出口之上游處的股 流分離器，其中該中央通道具有二維之橫切面，二維中至 少一個係沿著至少一部份長度的中央通道而於下游方向會 聚，同時霧化區也具有一包括二維度之橫切面，其一維中 至少一個係沿著至少一部份長度的霧化區而於下游方向分 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -12- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（10 ) 歧。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 又另一具體實施例包括有一流化床催化裂化裝置，此 裝置包括含有至少一個進料噴嘴之反應器，其中至少一個 進料噴嘴涵藎有：（i)含有至少一個FCC進料入口之 中央通道；（Π)—出口，其涵蓋了可與反應區流暢地交 通之霧化區；（iii )至少一個霧化用流體通道，其可經由 霧化用流體通道之出口而與中央通道流暢地交通；以及（ iv ) —加熱區，其係設計來促進F C C進料與霧化流體未 混合前，彼等之間的熱交換。 再另一具體實施例包括有供石油產品霧化之噴嘴，其 包括：（i )含有至少一個石油進料入口之中央通道；（ ϋ )涵蓋了霧化區及噴霧分布器（其設計來促進預定之噴 霧圖樣）之出口； （iii)至少一個霧化用流體通道，其可 經由霧化用流體通道之出口而與中央通道流暢地交通；以 及（iv ) —加熱區，其係設計來促進石油進料與霧化流體 未混合前，彼等之間的熱交換。 圖之簡略說明 經濟部智慧財產苟員工消費合作社印製 圖1係一引用本發明之熱交換工具時F C C進料注射 器的簡化橫切面示意性側面圖。 圖2 (a)及圖2 (b)係本發明之FCC進料注射 器的簡化橫切面示意性側面圖及平面圖，其中熱交換Im 也可混合兩相流體。 圖3係一在圖1所示之熱交換工具下游外端上之A蒸 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（UOX297公釐） -13- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（11 ) 汽注射汽門的圖。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 圖4係實施本發明時之催化裂化過程的示意圖。 圖5 ( a )及5 ( b )係解說噴霧器的構造。 主要元件對照表 1 〇 F C C 進 料 注 射 器 1 2 導 管 1 4 熱 交 換 工 具 1 6 凸 緣 1 8 霧 化 工 具 2 〇 凸 緣 2 2 水 蒸 汽 管 道 或 導 管 2 2 噴 霧 器 2 4 噴 霧 流 體 通 道 2 6 圍 牆 工 具 ( 終 止 牆） 2 8 進 料 管 線 ( 進 料 入口） 3 〇 圓 柱狀 內 徑 3 2 厚 牆 3 4 水 菡 汽 通 道 3 6 水 蒸 汽 入 □ 3 8 銳 孔 ( CIH, 過 熱 水 蒸 汽出口） 4 〇 下 游 牆 4 2 凹 穴 4 4 霧 化 銳 孔 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -14 - 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（12 ) 4 6 中空內部 4 8 霧化管尖 50 進料油注射器 5 2 熱交換工具 54 噴霧分布器及霧化工具 5 6 縱向內柱 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 5 8 股 流 分 擋 器 ( 股 流 6 0 同 向牆 6 〇 f 對 面 牆 6 2 同 向 牆 6 2 9 對 面 牆 6 4 霧 化 銳 孔 6 6 水 蒸 汽 管 道 6 8 水 蒸 汽 入 □ 7 〇 水 蒸 汽 出 □ 7 2 外 部 金 屬 牆 部 份 7 4 噴 霧 分布 器 或 管 尖 7 6 霧 化 管 內 部 7 8 凸 緣 8 〇 水 蒸 汽 通 道 8 2 水 蒸 汽 入 □ 工 具 8 4 水 蒸 汽 出 □ 1 〇 〇 F C C 裝 置 1 1 2 催 化 裂 化反 摩 hlh、 器 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝----^---訂— 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -15- 546367 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（13 ) 114 再生裝置 116 進料氣門 118 催化裂化反應區 12 0 蒸氣-催化劑分離區 122 汽提區 124 調節板 12 6 管線 128 傳遞管線 130 進料管線 1 3 2 水蒸汽管線 134 進料注射點 13 6 管線 138 流化床 14 0 管線 1 4 2 分離區 144 氣體分布器柵條 14 6 堰 14 8 漏斗 1 5〇 下導管 152 傳遞管線 15 4 管線 詳細說明 重要參數包括平均液滴直徑及已霧化油進料噴射進入 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -16- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（14 ) F c C方法之氣門反應區時之液滴大小分布。較小的油滴 尺寸及更均勻分布的油滴圖樣會影響油進料之蒸發速率， 及油與氣門中升起之熱裂化催化粒子的有效接觸。雖然不 希望有所限制，但咸信油的蒸發速率是與液滴直徑成反比 。舉例說明之，沙得平均油滴直徑減少2 5 %將可推進油 黑發速率3 5 - 5 0 %。較長的油蒸發時間會產生較低的 粗汽油選擇率及較高產量的不想要之低價値熱反應產物， 如氫、甲烷、乙烷、焦炭及高分子量物質。當加入進料之 較重物質，如殘油、殘原油及其類似物的量增加時，使油 進料快速蒸發就變得更重要。一般而言，當F C C進料中 重質物質的量增加時，加到進料注射器內之進料的氣體量 也會增加，以便在霧化銳孔上游形成含有進料液體及氣體 的兩相流體進而達成適當之進料霧化。對F C C進料霧化 而言，該氣體典型地是水蒸汽，橫跨銳孔的壓降係小於 0_4Mpa，且已霧化之液滴尺寸是不大於1，〇〇〇 ^米。最好是達到較小的液滴尺寸及橫跨銳孔的壓降，例 如不大於3 0 0微米及〇 . 2Mp a。同時，較令人滿意 的是限制霧化用之水蒸汽量爲少於5重量％水蒸汽，相對 方令油進料。本發明可減低所需之水蒸汽量，同時也可減低 已霧化油之沙得平均液滴尺寸。 在本發明中，流經霧化工具並進入流體混合工具或室 之兩相流體可爲連續不段之氣體或液體，或者爲多泡泡沬 ;是否當中一個或兩個相是連續時，並不能確知。舉例之 ，此舉可藉由參考開放式單元海綿及密閉式單元海綿而更 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNs ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _ 裝 -----Ί. 經濟部智慧財產苟員工消費合作社印製 -li n J: m ! I I— -17- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（15 ) 加明瞭。海綿典型地具有1 ·· 1體積比之空氣對固體比。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產笱員工消費合作社印製 開放式單元海綿是氣體（空氣）及固體二者接連續的，然 而密閉式單元海綿是固體連續並含有不連續之氣體小室。 在開放式單元海綿中，固體可說是膜或韌帶之形式（如此 即可以兩相氣-液體泡沬存在）。在密閉式單元海綿中， 氣體可想像爲分散在整個固體物質的不連續氣態小球。有 些海綿是落在此二者中間，就如某些含氣相與液相之兩相 流體一樣。若海綿具有氣體連續，但同時並沒有固體連續 ，那是不可能的；但可行的是兩相之氣體與液體流體中， 只有氣體連續。所以，流體通過本發明之熱交換工具的特 殊形態並不能確實知道。因此，實施本發明時，液相表面 積之增加包括：（i )形成一有氣體（即水蒸汽）及液體 之兩相流體，（ϋ )減低任一液態膜的厚度，（iii )減少 任一液體流的厚度及/或長度，及（iv )在霧化之前或期 間減小流體中任一液態小球的尺寸。若是含有液相及氣相 之兩相流體時，在混合區中氣體速度相對於液相速度會增 高。當流體流經銳孔或其橫切面（垂直於流體流動方向） 比銳孔或區域上游之流體通道或導管工具還小的區域（即 減壓及增速之銳孔或區域）時，此速度差也會發生。液相 與氣相的速度差會導致液體韌帶產生，特別是與黏稠液體 ，如熱F C C進料油。韌帶產生一詞是表示液體形成延長 的小球或小河。在沖擊混合時速度差最大，而在切削混合 時速度差會減小。因此，兩相流體流經減壓銳孔時，或經 過沖擊及/或切削混合時，將在氣體與液體之間產生速度 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210'〆297公釐） -18- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（16 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 差，此舉會導致液體韌帶產生及/或液體分散於氣體中， 此乃因爲將液體切削到延長的韌帶內及/或分散的液滴中 之故。霧化區比霧化銳孔上游的壓力還低。因此，流經霧 化銳孔或工具之流體中的氣體將快速膨脹，藉此分散了液 體流及/或形成液滴而進入霧化區。霧化期間，任一存在 之液體流將斷裂成二或多個液滴。霧化銳孔可爲不連續、 很快辨別的銳孔，或是爲在霧化區上游之最小橫切面之區 域形式。在最嚴格的技術認知裡，霧化有時係表示增加液 體的表面積，而此舉是發生在水蒸汽或其他氣體與待霧化 液體混合或被注入待霧化液體之時。然而，在本發明內文 中，霧化是表示當流體通過霧化銳孔或區域時，液相在氣 相中被打碎或開始打碎成不連續群體，當流體持續往下游 且液體霧化成液滴噴霧分散在氣相中，此舉會繼續不斷。 在一其熱交換工具所形成之過熱水蒸汽係在兩相流體形成 之前注入於流動之液體內的具體實施例中，水蒸汽的注入 將形成兩相流體。 經濟部智慧財產笱員工消費合作社印製 關於圖1，如圖所示之F C C進料注射器1 0包括有 中空圓柱體之導管1 2，在其下游末端藉由凸緣1 6扣緊 (較佳地是閂緊）（未顯示）熱交換工具的上游末端而連 接著熱交換工具1 4。熱交換工具的下游或出口末端則經 由凸緣2 0扣緊（較佳地是閂緊）（未顯示）而連接著風 扇式霧化工具1 8。如本文所使用，中央通道是表示供進 料從進料入口 2 8到設備出口而流經整個設備的一般性範 圍，並可涵蓋霧化區。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -19- 546367 A7 --__ B7 五、發明説明（17 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 包括圓柱壯中空之管道或導管2 2的水蒸汽噴霧器（ 第一個入口），可延伸到導管22上游。噴霧器22是在 其下游末端以圍牆工具2 6來終止，其具有多數個噴霧流 體通道2 4隔開地圍繞在下游末端部份之外圍。這些孔洞 係以放射狀鑽通2 2的圓柱牆，而進入管道內部，其是定 我爲噴霧區（桌一個混合區）。熱進料油經由進料管線 2 8 (進料入口）而進入導管1 2並往下游流動，經過噴 霧流體通道2 4，此地區定義爲第一噴霧區，再向前往熱 交換工具1 4。噴霧水蒸汽（或其他合適之流體/氣體） 將經由噴霧流體通道2 4而通入噴霧器2 2內，如圖1所 示，在此點水蒸汽是以放射狀通過而進入流動之熱油進料 中，以便形成一含有水蒸汽及熱油進料之兩相流體。 圖5 (a)及5 (b)係解說噴霧器22的二擇一具 體實施例，其中噴霧流體通道可設計成促進噴霧水蒸汽以 軸向方式流入待霧化之液體（熱油進料）中，可參閱圖5 (a )。圖5 ( b )係解說另一具體實施例，其中噴霧流 經濟部智慧財產笱員工消費合作社印製 體通道可設計成促進噴霧水蒸汽以軸向及放射狀兩種形式 流入待霧化之液體中。如此段落所使用，有關於軸向及放 射狀流動乃表市噴霧水蒸汽的流動係相對於進料流入中央 通道的整個流動。 流經噴霧流體通道2 4的壓降典型地係小於6 9 k P a，如此即可產生相當的噴霧水蒸汽速度。噴霧水蒸 汽及熱油二者皆高於大氣壓下，同時也高於霧化區或擴張 區下游之壓力。終止牆2 6的直徑大於導管2 2之直徑， 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -20 - 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（18 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 以便在第一噴霧區的下游末端提供一調節牆型態的固定混 合工具。在一具體實施例中，所有霧化水蒸汽是在熱交換 工具的下游末端處以過熱高速之水蒸汽注入熱油中，如此 就不需要一上游噴霧器。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 藉由噴霧水蒸汽所形成之兩相流體會向前流入熱交換 工具14，此工具包括一固體導熱金屬，有著圓柱狀內徑 3 0之圓柱體（在此具體實施例中）；之後該兩相流體將 向前流到霧化工具1 8。熱交換是在加熱區進行。熱交換 工具14也可包含多數個水蒸汽通道34 (霧化用流體通 道），其係以周圍環繞方式排列於噴嘴的厚牆3 2內，其 中爲了方便考量只顯現出兩個來。在此具體實施例中，每 一水蒸汽通道是相同的且包括一導管3 4，並具有水蒸汽 入口 3 6，水蒸汽係藉由管線（未顯現，僅以兩個箭頭表 示）而從此入口進入。交替地，一或多個在牆3 2內之分 開、環狀空穴互相地以內柱3 0爲同中心，而每一空穴包 括水蒸汽通道，並具有至少一個水蒸汽入口，巨會在多數 個過熱水蒸汽出口（其係環繞在熱交換工具的流體出口處 )終止。此具體實施例並沒有顯示。水蒸汽出口也可如圖 1及圖3所示般位於牆的外部下游末端，或者如圖2所示 般，延伸並環繞排列在內柱3 0之內牆四周，緊臨下游末 端。雖然此處只有兩個圖示、非限制性實施例，相信熟諳 此藝者會明暸。在此具體實施例中，內柱3 0和進料導管 1 2的直徑約略相同，以減少流體流入熱交換工具時的壓 降。多數個從內柱表面放射狀向中心延伸之調節板、垂片 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -21 - 546367 A7 ____B7 _ 五、發明説明（19 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 或縱向肋骨狀物，可在流體流入熱交換工具時用來增加有 效的熱交換表面及/或做爲固定之混合工具。在所示之具 體實施例中，若需要時，雖然有或多或少的通路及結構可 使用，但每一水蒸汽通道還是有兩個通路流入熱父換工具 厚牆3 2的內部（其係與熱交換工具縱向軸平行），端視 相對溫度、流速，等而定。在此具體實施例中，使水蒸汽 加熱的熱交換表面係由管道或內柱的長度及直徑來決定。 在熱交換工具中所產生的過熱水蒸汽將由多數個位於熱交 換工具下游牆4 0之銳孔3 8 (霧化用流體通道之出口） 流出，再注入從熱交換工具中流出之流體內，然後進入霧 化工具1 8之凹穴4 2。水蒸汽較佳地係以大於6 0 ° ( 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 相對於熱交換工具內柱之縱向軸），如兩個虛線箭頭所示 般注入流出之流體中。在流經熱交換工具之流體是單一相 並只含液體油的情況下，水蒸汽可形成含有水蒸汽及液體 油之兩相流體，以進行隨後之霧化。對一含有水蒸汽及液 體油之兩相流體而言，熱水蒸汽對該從熱交換工具中流出 之流體的衝擊可增加液相的表面積。此一水蒸汽的速度比 上游噴霧水蒸汽還高。當此注射用水蒸汽是馬赫數大於 〇· 5的高速水蒸汽時，便可充作爲震動水蒸汽，並能更 有效地將動能轉換成表面張力能量，進而反映在了液相表 面積的增加上。霧化工具1 8的會聚區4 2可藉由將流動 之流體導入霧化銳孔4 4內以使分散之油小球的聚結減至 最低。在此具體實施例中，霧化銳孔4 4是長方形，其平 面係與注射器及流體流動的縱向軸垂直。在平面圖中（未 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4規格（210x 297公釐） -22- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（20 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 顯示），銳孔的寬度是比如圖1所示之高度還大。霧化銳 孔其與流體流動方向垂直之敞開平面的橫切面積係小於進 料導管1 2及熱交換工具1 4中之內柱3 0 (與流體流動 方向垂直）的內部橫切面積。此舉可使流體流入霧化銳孔 4 4的速度增高，並產生跨越銳孔時的壓降及增加流體流 入的速度，如此進一步地切削該流體而引發流體霧化。流 體流經霧化銳孔再進入低壓霧化區4 6時，會擴張膨脹以 形成分散之液滴噴霧。霧化作用只在銳孔4 4下游於霧化 管尖48 (噴霧分布器）的中空內部46處開始，並持續 至氣門反應區（未顯示）內部，即管尖48延伸處。在平 面圖中（未顯示），管尖4 8係扇形，像圖2 ( b )所示 ，其可相當平坦、均勻、扇形（或其他合適之預定形狀） 的霧化油噴霧，使油與熱的上升之再生催化劑粒子（在氣 門反應區）有最大且均勻的接觸。此形式之霧化裝置係已 知的，並揭示於美國專利第5， 1 7 3， 1 7 5案號中， 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 其揭示內容將倂入本文供參考。如圖1之圖示、但非限制 性實施例的水蒸汽注射器之操作中，供F c c用之過熱熱 油（具有或不具上游或第一個加入水蒸汽之噴霧器以形成 兩相流體或泡沬）係以高於2 6 0 °C之溫度，4 · 5至 1 3 . 6kg/s e c之典型流速進入注射器。具有 1 . IMpa之18 2°C的飽和水蒸汽，其進入熱交換工 具之水蒸汽流速是隨著該熱油的〇 . 5至5重量％而變， 或者是在0 · 0 2至0 . 7kg/s e c之間。熱油與流 經熱交換工具之水蒸汽間的熱交換將會使得水蒸汽過熱 尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐1 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（21 ) 2 8 至 1 3 9 °C， 多據點、噴射的過 的熱油，幫助該油 ” 水蒸汽。在圖 用水蒸汽（即該油 工具上游各別地被 水蒸汽持續之兩相 所形成之過熱水蒸 進料的〇 . 5至2 化作用，此量是小 程者典型所需的量 圖2 ( a )及 具體實施例的側面 交換工具的過熱水 實施例中其緊臨流 體中。因此，F C 管1 2、下游末端 而該油 熱水蒸 分解成 1之具 之〇. 噴霧成 流體。 汽欲注 .5重 於那些 只些微地 汽會衝擊 小直徑液 體實施例 1至1 . 油，以產 在此情況 入兩相流 量％。爲 沒有過熱 冷卻（亦即 該接近熱交 滴，所以可 中，小部份 0重量％ ) 生可描述爲 下，該於熱 體中的量典 了達到可資 水蒸汽及不 < 6 °C )。 換工具出口 視爲”震動 飽和之過程 將在熱交換 ”泡沫”之 交換工具中 型地是該油 比較的油霧 用本發明過 2 ( b )係個別解說實施本發明之另一 橫切面圖及上視橫切面圖，其中來自熱 蒸汽係注入熱交換工具內柱（在此具體 體流出處，並包括霧化銳孔）內部的流 C進料油注射器5 0包括一熱油進料導 圍繞著以放射狀鑽出之洞2 4的水蒸汽 請 閱 讀 背 面 意 事 項 填 寫 本 頁 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 產管及功圓至游 可或管的性游上 、 器導同熱上其 } 布油相導的在 中分熱供之具並 油形。提 6 工道 熱扇合可 5 換通 之有組中柱交之 來具的例內熱具 進及 4 施向到工 到、5 實縱伸換 霧 2 具體含延交 噴 5 工具內並熱 汽具化此括放經 蒸工霧在包開流 水換與，也皆體 和交器同 2 端流 飽熱布相 5 兩供 將之分 1 具其提 可汽霧圖工，柱 ( 蒸噴和換體內 2 水之係交屬此 2 熱 4 器熱金 。 道過 7 霧。狀游 管生尖噴能柱下 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -24 - 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（22 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 入口具有一股流分檔器5 8。內柱5 6內部有點像卡德里 管形狀，且橫切面係與流體流動方向垂直，並在其下游出 口末端逐漸地減至最低。關於圖2 ( a )，股流分離器 5 8可將進入之流體分裂成兩個單獨的股流，以便在室內 提供撞擊及切削混合，並且在整個內柱中有著最小的壓降 。較佳地，此兩股流是正相反且對稱的。該柱下游出口包 括霧化銳孔。在室內之撞擊及切削混合的組合可增加兩相 流體中液相的表面積。此表面積之增加可藉由較小油滴分 散在水蒸汽連續相中而顯明。不像圖1之具體實施例，熱 交換工具上游之噴霧水蒸汽（或包括從工具中產生之過熱 水蒸汽）是可選擇的，爲了在熱交換工具中獲得混合的完 全利益，此具體實施例較爲人喜愛。也就是說，在圖2之 具體實施例中，較佳地兩相流體，及最佳地含兩相流體之 水蒸汽將會流入熱交換工具5 2中。兩對不同的對立牆可 形成內柱5 6 。因此，如圖2 ( a )所示，同向與反向牆 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 6 0及6 0 ’的表面是在垂直於紙平面的方向，並以相對 於所示熱交換工具的縱向軸凸圓地或向內地彎曲。最大的 曲率是在內柱的上游部份，並延著下游方向減小。另一對 界定內柱之同向與反向牆乃如圖2 ( b )所示之6 2及 62’ 。牆62及62’些微地會聚於下游方向，且其表 面係與紙的平面垂直。長方形內柱5 6係藉由兩對牆交集 而形成，其包括具有與熱父換工具縱向軸垂直之長方形橫 切面流體混合室（其係與平面流體入口平行，並在工具的 另一端離開），及整個流體流動方向，同時該室的橫切面 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -25- 546367 A 7 B7 五、發明説明（23 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 積順著下游方向會逐漸地減少，進而在熱交換工具下游出 口末端形成長方形霧化銳孔6 4。股流分檔器5 8可將該 經由上游水蒸汽注入熱油時所形成之兩相、水蒸汽持續之 流體分開成兩個正相反且對稱之單獨股流。此兩個分開之 股流將流入內柱的上游部份，其中凸圓的彎曲可提供放射 狀向內及軸向往下游兩個流動向量。放射狀向內流動之分 力將傳給注入之流體而推動每一股流中的一部份互相撞擊 ，使混合力量增至最大，以增加流動流體中液相表面積。 然而，持續劇烈的撞擊混合會使部份剛分散的液低聚結。 所以，向內彎曲的牆6 0及6 0 ’將持續地減緩至下游流 動方向，如此從沿著牆到銳孔6 4的摩擦中可提供基本上 溫和的切削混合。當兩股流最先進入內柱5 6時，流體混 合將達至最大，但隨著流體流進內柱其強度會不斷地減弱 。此舉提供了流體之液相可增加至最大面積，但隨後只有 些微聚結及在整個熱交換工具中也只有較小壓降。另一對 相反牆6 2及6 2 ’從下游方向至銳孔6 4是逐漸地互相 逼進，以使流體通過內柱到霧化銳孔的壓力損失減至最低 ，並使通過銳孔的流體速度增至最大。只有兩個同向的水 蒸汽管道6 6在圖2 (a)中顯現，爲了方便起見，每一 個皆具有水蒸汽入口 6 8及出口 7 0這些管道是延伸到熱 交換工具的粗厚、外部金屬牆部份7 2。出口 了 〇是以銳 角對向流出之流體，且位於內柱牆內並緊臨銳孔6 4上游 ，以便用過熱且較佳地也是高速之水蒸汽衝擊流出的流體 ，進一步地減低隨後霧化之油滴的液滴大小。在進料導管 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210x 297公釐） -26 - 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（24 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 及熱交換工具中，流體是在超計大氣壓力下。氣門反應區 (未顯現），注射器下游部份（即霧化管尖）突出之處’ 其壓力是低於進料注射器。當該兩相、水蒸汽持續之流體 通過熱交換工具下游末端時，過熱水蒸汽即以多數個噴射 注入流體中，進而增加液相表面積，以便在流體霧化期間 形成更均勻的小油滴噴霧。注入在熱交換工具內部之流體 的過熱水蒸汽係比該流體的壓力還高。此舉將增加流體的 體積流動速率並促使該已分散且最終將霧化之油滴的液滴 尺寸進一步減少。此水蒸汽係一震動股流或切削水蒸汽， 端視該水蒸汽是在超音速或次音速下注射而定。兩相流體 將流入涵蓋有熱交換工具之流體出口與臨近霧化工具5 4 之流體入口的長方形霧化銳孔中。熱交換工具出口及扇形 霧化管尖內部7 6的上游入口在尺寸及形體上係相同的。 如上文所述，此銳孔是長方形，且橫切面積與注射器之縱 向軸垂直，其橫切面積實質上係小於流體導管1 2及熱交 換工具流體入口的橫切面。霧化裝置5 4的噴霧分布器或 管尖74係扇形且中空，如圖2 (a)及2 (b)所示。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 此將提供一扇形、可控制之膨脹霧化區7 6，以便將平坦 、扇形、已霧化之油小滴噴霧注入在F C C裝置中氣門反 應器內正上升、熱的再生催化劑粒子中。霧化裝置5 4可 經由凸緣以冶金方式連結到、焊接或銅焊到熱交換工旦上 。在圖2 (b)中，只有兩個相同之水蒸汽通道8〇顯現 在熱交換工具之粗厚且其他方面是實心的同中心牆部份 7 2中。經飽和或過熱之水蒸汽經由入口工具§ 2進入水 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） •27- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（25 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 蒸汽通道（如兩個個別之箭頭所示）。水蒸汽出口 8 4貝[J 以銳角的角度將水蒸汽注入流動之流體中（如兩個箭頭所 示）。在此具體實施例中，水蒸汽係以向前之大於6〇° 銳角注入流動之油性流體中，以給予注入之水蒸汽有放射 狀往內及向前的流動以及切削分力。此舉使注入之水蒸汽 與流動之油性流體之間的水蒸汽差別速度達到最大。在另 一具體實施例（未顯示）中，如圖2所示之水蒸汽可在上 游方向以銳角注入流體。在另一具體實施例（未顯示）中 ，內柱5 6的橫切面可漸次地減小至下游方向，然後在增 大。在此情況下，霧化係在最小橫切面的點或區域處引發 ，其將包括霧化區，而不同於易辨識之銳孔。圖3係如圖 1所示之熱交換工具1 4的簡化之下游末端圖，其圖示了 多數個過熱水蒸汽出口 3 8，同中心地排列在熱交換工具 下游出口周圍。雖然這些出口是描述爲圓形，但彼等也可 爲長方形裂縫或任何其他形狀。本發明之熱交換工具可在 開發者的判斷下以若干不同方式製造。因此，失鱲鑄造或 熔模鑄造方法，以及鍛造或其他鑄造方法都皆可使用。噴 嘴可由陶瓷、金屬或彼等之組合物製造。噴嘴之製造是使 用多個堆積式、相當薄之金屬板或小盤，並在其內具有流 體通過工具，其製造方法已廣爲人知並可用在火箭發動機 及漿液噴燈上，舉例之，如揭示於美國專利第 3， 881, 701案號及第5， 455， 4〇1案號。 此製造技巧也可用於製造本發明之噴嘴。製造方法之選擇 則由開發者來判斷。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -28- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（26 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖4係與本發明之進料注射過程相關聯之流體催化裂 化方法的簡單流程圖。在圖4中，用於實施本發明之 F C C裝置係顯示包括催化裂化反應器裝置1 1 2及再生 裝置1 1 4。裝置1 1 2涵蓋進料氣門1 1 6，其內部包 括催化裂化反應區1 1 8。此裝置同時也包括蒸氣-催化 劑分離區1 2 0及含有多個調節板1 2 4在裡面之汽提區 1 2 2，其排列成金屬”棚”型態，類似於傾斜的屋頂。 合適之汽提劑如水蒸汽將經由管線1 2 6導入汽提區。已 汽提之用過的催化劑粒子是經由傳遞管線1 2 8而送入再 生區1 1 4。預熱之F C C進料將經由進料管線1 3 0進 入含有本發明之熱交換工具的進料注射器（未顯示）內， 根據本發明之任一具體實施例，其中將會加熱至少部份之 分散用水蒸汽。來自水蒸汽管線1 3 2之水蒸汽被送入如 本發明之任一具體實施例的熱油進料中，以形成由水蒸汽 與熱油組成之兩相、氣體持續之混合物，再將之通入注射 器中的霧化銳孔，並在進料注射點1 3 4處以平坦、扇形 噴霧進入氣門1 1 6底部。爲了簡化緣故，進料注射器並 未出現在圖5 。在較佳之具體實施例中，多個進料注射器 可同中心地座落在氣門1 1 6之進料注射區周圍。其他可 供多個進料注射器用之幾何構造也可使用。較佳的進料包 含真空氣油（V〇C )及重質進料組份如殘油餾份之混合 物。熱進料係在氣門中與熱的再生之裂化催化劑粒子接觸 。此舉可使進料汽化並催化裂解成較輕的低沸點餾份，包 括在汽油沸點範圍（典型地3 8 - 2 0 4 °C )內之餾份， 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -29- 546367 A7 B7 五、發明説明（27 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 以及高沸點之噴氣式發動機燃料、柴油機燃料、煤油及其 類似物。如熟諳此藝者已知般，裂化催化劑係一含有沸石 分子篩裂化組份之二氧化矽與氧化鋁的混合物。當進料在 進料注射點1 3 4處與氣門內之熱催化劑接觸時，裂化反 應便開始了，並持續到催化裂化器容器1 1 2之分離區 1 2 0上部直至產物蒸氣與用過之催化劑分開爲止。裂化 反應會將可汽提之含烴物質及不可汽提之含碳物質（即爲 已知之焦炭）沉積下來，而產生必須經汽提除去之用過的 催化劑粒子，及回收可汽提之烴，然後於再生器中藉由燃 盡焦炭而使之再生。容器1 1 2在分離區1 2 0內含有旋 風器（未顯不），可從用盡之催化劑粒子中分離出已裂化 之烴產物蒸氣及經汽提之烴類（蒸氣形式）。烴蒸氣將向 上通過反應器並經由管線收回。典型的是將烴蒸氣送進一 蒸餾裝置（未顯示），使該蒸氣中可冷凝部份冷凝成液體 ，並將該等液體分餾成個別的產品股流。用過之催化劑粒 子會往下掉入汽提區1 2 2中，而與汽提介質如水蒸汽（ 其是經由管線1 2 6送入汽提區）接觸，並以蒸氣方式除 去在裂化反應期間沉積在催化劑上之可汽提的含烴物質。 這些蒸氣會隨著其他產物蒸氣經由管線1 3 6而收回。調 節板1 2 4可分散催化劑粒子使均勻地橫越汽提區或汽提 器之寬度，並使汽提區中催化劑粒子的內部回流或回混合 減至最小。該用過、被汽提之催化劑粒子可經由傳遞管線 1 2 8從汽提區底部除去，並由管線1 2 8進入再生器 1 4 4之流化床1 3 8。在流化床中彼等將與經由管線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） - 30- 546367 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（28 ) 1 4 0進入再生器之空氣接觸，而某些催化劑粒子會向上 進入再生器內之分離區1 4 2。空氣將使碳沉積物氧化或 燒盡以使催化劑粒子再生，在燃燒中，加熱之溫度較佳地 是不超過約7 6 0 °C，典型地係在約6 5 0 - 7 0 0 °C範 圍內。再生器1 14也可含有旋風器（未顯示），其可從 氣態燃燒產物（大部份是包含C〇、N 2、Η 2〇及C〇2 )中分離出熱的再生催化劑粒子，並藉由浸入管（未顯現 ，如熟諳此藝者已知的）將已再生之催化劑粒子往下送回 到流化床1 3 8中。流化床1 3 8係被支架在一氣體分布 器柵條（其只簡略地以虛線1 4 4圖示）上，在流化床中 之熱的再生之催化劑粒子會溢出該由漏斗1 4 8頂端所形 成之堰1 4 6，而漏斗1 4 8的底部是接連著下導管 1 5 0的頂部。下導管1 5 0底部將轉變成已再生之催化 劑傳遞管線1 5 2。溢出之再生粒子將往下流入漏斗、下 導管中，並進入傳遞管線1 5 2內，然後再返回進入氣門 反應區1 1 8中，其中彼等催化劑粒子將與從進料注射器 進入氣門之熱進料接觸。關於如上文所述之含有燃燒產物 的煙道氣是經由管線1 5 4而從再生器頂端除去。 F C C方法中使用之催化裂化器進料典型地包括高沸 點、無殘油之氣油類，例如真空氣油（V G〇）、直f留（ 大氣壓）氣油、輕質裂化器油（L C G 0 )及煉焦器氣油 。這些油的初沸點典型地是高於約4 5 Ο T ( 2 3 2 °C ) ，更共通性地是高於約6 5 0 °F ( 3 4 3 t )，而終點則 尚至1 1 5 0卞（6 2 1 °C )，如直餾或大氣壓氣油及煉 ^^尺度適用中國國家標準（〇奶）八4規格（210乂297公釐） ' --- -31 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 訂 -1— n ΙΊ 546367 A7 _B7 五、發明説明（29 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 焦器氣油。除此之外，一或多個具有終沸點高於5 6 5 °C (亦即高至7 0 5 °C或更高）之重質進料也可與催化裂化 器進料摻合。舉例之，此類重質進料包括全原油及殘原油 、來自原油之大氣壓及真空蒸衝的殘油或濾澄、瀝青及瀝 青燃、取自重質石油熱裂化之焦油及循環油、焦砂油、頁 巖油、煤衍生之液體、合成原油及其類似者。這些油可依 摻合物之約2至5 0體積％的量，更典型地約5至3 0體 積％的量存在於裂化器進料中。典型地，這些進料都含有 太高含量之不想要組份，如芳香族及含雜原子之化合物， 如硫和氮。因此，這些進料通常需藉由一些過程，如已知 之氫化處理、溶劑萃取、固體吸收劑如分子篩及其類似者 來處理或提升以減少不想要組份的量。在F C C方法中， 典型的催化裂化條件包括溫度在約8 0 0 - 1 2 0 〇 T ( 427 — 648 °C)，較佳地 850 — 115 0 QF( 454 — 621 °C)，更佳地 900 — 1150 °F( 428 — 621 °C)，壓力在約〇· 14 — 0 . 52 M p a之間，較佳地〇 · 1 4 - 0 . 3 8 M p a，而進料 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 /催化劑之接觸時間爲0 · 5 - 1 5秒，較佳地1 一 5秒 ，催化劑對進料之比係約〇 . 5 - 1 0，較佳地2 — 8。 F C C進料將預熱至不高於4 5 4 °C之溫度，較佳地不大 於4 2 7 °C，而典型地係在約2 6 0 - 4 2 7 °C之範圍內 〇 需明暸的是實施本發明時，只要不違反上述本發明之 範圍及精神，各種其他具體實施例及修正對熟諳此藝者都 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -32- 546367 A7 __B7 五、發明説明（30 ) 是威見的，且都可容易地製得。據此，所申請之申請專利 範圍並不欲於受到前文所述之實際說明的限制，更恰當地 說，本申請專利範圍可推論爲，涵蓋了存在於本發明中所 有可請準專利之新穎事物的特性，其包括熟諳此藝者之可 視爲本發明之相對應的所有特性及具體實施利。舉例之， 雖然使F C C油進料霧化之F C C進料注射器已經說明， 其係如本發明之特殊使用，但本發明本身並不意圖受限於 此。實施本發明時可使用任一液體霧化過程，但其中最有 利的是，藉由與以任何理由流經熱交換工具之液體或流體 進行間接熱交換，而加熱至少部份霧化氣體或加熱水蒸汽 至過熱溫度，該等理由包括，但不限制爲（i )形成含有 待霧化液體及霧化氣體及/或水蒸汽之兩相流體，以及（ ϋ )將加熱過之氣體或水蒸汽注入熱液體或流體中以進行 霧化。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） -33-546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Background (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) The present invention is about the atomization of liquid, in which the atomizing gas system indirectly heats with the hot liquid to be atomized. Heated in exchange. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for liquid atomization, in which atomized water vapor is heated to a superheated temperature and a high speed by indirect heat exchange with a hot liquid to be atomized. This can be used in the F C C process to atomize the hot feed oil. The atomization of the hot and very viscous fluids (such as the heavy petroleum lubricating oil feed used in the fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC) process) of the consumer co-operatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is a Established and widely used method, which mainly converts high-boiling petroleum lubricants into more expensive low-boiling products, including gasoline and diesel such as kerosene, jet fuel and diesel fuel, and fuel oil. In the FCC process, the preheated oil feed is mixed under pressure with water vapor or a low molecular star (ie C4-) hot body to form a two-phase fluid containing water vapor or a gas phase and a liquid oil phase. . This fluid is passed through an atomizing tool C (such as a sharp hole) into a low-pressure atomizing zone to atomize it into a spray of oil droplets that can contact the hot cracking catalyst particles. The atomization of the feed will be immediately initiated downstream of the atomizing sharp hole or the atomizing tool, and can continue to the downstream valve reaction zone. Steam is used more often than lighter hydrocarbons to reduce the vapor load on gas compression equipment and downstream product fractionation. In order to increase the fraction of the relatively heavy and viscous residual oil used in the F C C feed, more hotter steam is needed for atomization. However, many plants have limited water vapor capacity and the steam is typically saturated, thus limiting the ability to effectively handle heavier feeds. This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) -4- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) Abstract ^ Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The chemical bed catalytic cracking (FCC) method uses atomized gas to atomize the hot feed oil, and at least a part of the + gas system is heated by indirect heat exchange with the hot feed oil. Hot fun ^ Occurs in at least one heat exchange tool upstream of the atomization tool; for example; ^ The heat exchange tool includes a heat conduction device or a plurality of fluid passage tools _ inside the entity, each fluid passage tool has at least one fluid inlet And & ports to allow gas and hot oil to flow in or out respectively, and the hot oil heats the gas during this indirect heat exchange. Atomization means forming the liquid feed oil into discrete or dispersed oil droplets or oil droplets. Atomization is accomplished by passing the fluid into the low pressure atomization zone through at least one atomizing tool. When more than one atomizing tool is used, they may be arranged in a continuous flow manner or in a parallel flow manner, and preferably in parallel. The heated atomizing gas preferably includes water vapor, which may or may not be mixed with one or more other gases, such as a hydrocarbon gas or vapor. Therefore, the term 'steam' as used herein does not mean to exclude the mixing of other gases with water vapor. However, the atomizing gas preferably contains at least 95% by volume of water vapor, more preferably all water vapor. In the practice of the present invention, the steam is heated to a superheating temperature, and in a preferred embodiment This superheated steam is flowing out of the heat exchange tool, and the stomach is injected into the flowing hot oily fluid at a high speed. High speed means that the Mach number of water_n is preferably greater than 0. 5, preferably greater than 0. 8, even stomach M is preferably greater than 0. 9. The hot oil flowing through the heat exchange tool may be a single-phase fluid containing only ^^ feedstock oil, or a two-phase fluid containing a gas (preferably water vapor) & ^ oil. The term 'fluid' used in this article means that the size of a single paper is covered by the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) -5-546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) (Please read the back first Please note this page before filling in this page) The Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed a liquid phase and a two-phase mixture containing a gas phase and a liquid phase. Superheated steam (preferably at high speeds) will be injected into the flowing fluid to increase the surface area of the liquid phase. Increasing the speed can reduce the amount of steam required and increase the kinetic energy used to increase the surface area of the liquid (ie, e = m v 2), which is eventually manifested by the smaller droplet size of the atomized oil spray. Superheated steam can be injected with a two-phase fluid of water vapor and hot feed oil, or (Π) a two-phase fluid whose liquid surface area will increase. That is, if the hot fluid to be injected with water vapor is a single-phase liquid, injecting water vapor into the liquid will produce a two-phase fluid containing a water vapor phase and a liquid phase. If the hot fluid injected by water vapor is a two-phase fluid containing water vapor (or gas) and hot liquid oil, injecting water vapor into the liquid will increase the surface area of the liquid phase in the fluid. The two-phase flow system passes through an atomizing tool in parallel and then enters a low-pressure atomizing zone, where the water vapor will expand to form a spray containing atomized droplets. The atomizing tool typically includes a well-known decompression and increasing sharp hole, but it may also include a zone or region of decompressing and increasing velocity upstream of the low pressure atomizing zone, where the water vapor will be sufficient Swells to form a spray of oil droplets. As detailed below, the atomization zone may or may not include a portion of the heat exchange means. If it includes part of a heat exchange tool, it will typically be located closest to its fluid outlet. In another specific embodiment, all or part of the superheated water vapor formed in the heat exchange tool is directly entered into the two-phase fluid as 'vibrating water vapor' (when it leaves the atomization tool and wants to enter the low-pressure atomization zone) To provide a more uniform droplet size distribution of the atomized oil. According to the implementation of the present invention, at least part of the atomized steam will be heated to superheating temperature in the FCC method, and the hot feed oil will typically be injected into the part of this paper. The size of this paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297) -6- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) The Intellectual Property Bureau Employees ’Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints or mixes it with atomized water vapor, so that Before the superheated steam generated by the heat exchange tool is injected, a two-phase fluid is formed. Typically, this will occur upstream of the heat exchange tool. Some previous or upstream water vapor will overheat, but more typically all saturated water vapor. In one embodiment, the heat exchanging tool may include an atomizing tool such as a sharp hole. In another embodiment, it will include tools that can mix two-phase fluids formed upstream to increase the surface area of the liquid feed oil phase. In the practice of the present invention, the temperature drop (even if the water vapor is heated to a superheated temperature) caused by the flow of hot oily fluid through the heat exchange tool is typically less than 6 ° C. If saturated water vapor enters the heat exchange tool, the water vapor will be superheated after passing through the tool, and then the superheated water vapor is injected or impinged into the flowing hot fluid. If superheated steam enters the heat exchange tool, the superheated temperature will increase. In another case, the superheated steam heated or formed in the heat exchange means is directly atomized into the flowing hot fluid. Both the heat exchange tool and the atomization tool typically cover a part of the feed injection device that can inject hot atomized oil droplets into the catalytic cracker reaction zone and bring it into contact with the hot catalyst particles, the hot catalyst particles It is capable of cracking hot oil in a catalytic manner into more valuable and often low-boiling substances. The injection device typically includes a feed conduit into which a water vapor sprayer is placed to form a two-phase fluid containing a hot oil feed and water vapor. The duct sends the two-phase fluid into the heat exchange tool, and the superheated steam generated in the tool is injected into the flowing fluid to increase the surface area of the liquid phase. Although single-phase liquid fluids can also flow into heat exchange tools, two-phase fluids containing water vapor and liquid feed oil are more typical in the F C C method. Specific embodiments in which the heat exchange tool can also mix flowing fluids The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -7 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5) (Please read the back Note: Please fill in this page again.) The fluid is a two-phase fluid containing a water vapor phase and a liquid feed oil phase. In another case, a two-phase fluid is formed first, and then superheated steam is injected, and it is preferred that the water vapor continues while passing through the atomizing tool. When the two-phase fluid flows through the atomization tool and enters the low-pressure atomization zone, the water vapor will expand and the fluid will be atomized to form an oil droplet spray. The spray distribution tool or tube tip is preferably used to spray-shape liquid oil droplets into the desired shape and is typically located immediately downstream of the injection device. This spray distribution tool is located downstream of the spray tool or its upstream inlet may cover the spray tool. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. When the present invention is implemented, the fluid pressure upstream of the atomization tool is higher than the atomization area or the expansion area. In F C C is too high, the fluid pressure in the syringe is high over the atomization zone. The atomization zone can be covered in the FCC catalytic cracking reaction, or it leads to the catalytic cracking reaction zone and is a direct fluid path with the reaction zone. As generally known, this reaction zone typically includes a valve. When high-speed superheated water vapor is injected into the fluid, even though there is a very low fluid pressure drop after passing through the atomizing tool or sharp hole (that is, ~ 69 kPa), the resulting atomized liquid can also produce a smaller Saad average droplet diameter. Make the Mach number greater than 0. 5 high-speed water vapor injection into the fluid can reduce the amount of water vapor required for atomization, but will not increase the size of the atomized droplets. Evaporating the feed in a short period of time will likely produce a larger amount of useful cracked products. Feed evaporation is a function of many factors, including the droplet size, shape, and uniformity of droplet spray of the atomized feed liquid. In general knowledge, this method includes an atomization process, in which a heat flow system containing a liquid to be atomized flows into a heat exchange tool, and the atomization gas is used for this paper. This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -8- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) Indirect heat exchange to heat the gas. In the context of the present invention, the term 'gas' is meant to include water vapor and / or any other gaseous substance suitable as an atomizing fluid, such as C 4 -hydrocarbon vapor, nitrogen and the like. However, in the FCC method, it is typically all water vapor. The heated atomizing gas is injected into the flowing hot fluid at a high speed to help the liquid in the fluid atomize into a droplet spray. As illustrated, this flow system is atomized by flowing into at least one atomizing tool, such as a sharp hole, and entering a low pressure atomizing zone. The fluid flowing through the heat exchange means may be a single-phase liquid to be atomized, or a two-phase fluid containing the liquid and the atomized gas. When entering the atomized sharp hole, this fluid will contain a two-phase fluid, and most preferably a continuous gas. This two-phase fluid may be formed before the superheated steam is injected into the fluid or after the superheated steam is injected. In either case, after the superheated steam is injected, the fluid contains a continuous two-phase gas. The pressure in the heat exchange tool and upstream of the atomizing tool is greater than the pressure downstream of the atomizing zone. In a more detailed embodiment related to a typical FCC process, the present invention includes the steps of: (a) injecting atomized water vapor into a flowing, hot liquid FCC feed oil under pressure to form a mixture containing the hot oil and The two-phase fluid of water vapor (b) causes the water vapor and the hot two-phase fluid formed in (a) to flow through the respective conduits in the heat exchange tool, wherein the flowing hot fluid will be exchanged by indirect heat exchange. Heating water vapor to superheat temperature; (c) injecting the superheated hot water vapor formed in (b) into the hot fluid to increase the surface area of the liquid phase and form a continuous two-phase fluid with water vapor; The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) _Installation · Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property ^ 7g (Printed by Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives • 1—IJ— -9- 546367 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (7) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) (d) Make the water vapor continuously flow through at least one atomizing tool and enter at least A low-pressure atomizing zone to atomize the fluid at least partially while forming a spray containing the feed oil droplets. The spray may be formed in or near the catalytic cracking zone, or may be performed in the catalytic cracking reaction zone. Further specific examples include: (i) a reaction in a reaction zone that is effective to catalytically crack the feed oil to produce low boiling hydrocarbons and used catalyst particles that contain strippable hydrocarbons and coke Under the conditions, the spray is brought into contact with a particulate, hot regenerative cracking catalyst; (i) in the separation zone, the low-boiling hydrocarbons generated in step (i) are separated from the used catalyst particles, and Stripping the catalyst particles in a stripping zone to remove the strippable hydrocarbons, thereby producing stripped coke catalyst particles; (ffi) allowing the stripped coke catalyst particles to enter a regeneration zone, where the particles will The coke is burned in contact with oxygen in order to generate hot regenerated catalyst particles; and (iv) the hot regenerated particles enter the catalytic cracking zone. Another specific embodiment includes a process: (a) making a temperature Higher than the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs / I Bureau employee consumer cooperatives, the printing company will b shares two water lines} ί first first step b step and hot steam {step ejector over-steaming, from jet stream to water vapor the} phase change shares Steam order a two sessions Second water; {The steam of the first C: make steam and heat ί as} the water body passes through the process b stream to pass {two changes. , A •, the first steam club. Including the steam π enveloping flow such as water steam flow ^ Example phases, and water Λ # Shi two oil exchange stocks into 51 real transactions with two injections, fluid-shaped heat contains steam, so that one of the steam into the oil Ρ If the water gets too hot, the steaming place in the heathouse 6 is replaced by the medium steamed water 2 Six 乂 this} The size of the water equity paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -10- 546367 A7 B7 i, Description of the invention (8) black steam; (c) injecting this superheated steam into the two-phase fluid; and (d) allowing the stream obtained in step (c) to enter the atomization zone. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Yet another specific embodiment includes a process: (a) combining the first water vapor with oil to form a two-phase fluid; (b) making the two phases The fluid exchanges heat with the second water vapor, so that the second water vapor will become superheated water vapor; (c) inject the superheated water vapor into the two-phase fluid; and C d) make the step (c) The resulting stream is decompressed and flows into the spray distribution area. In yet another specific embodiment, the FCC process includes: (a) combining a first stream of water vapor with an FCC feed stream to form a two-phase fluid; (b) combining the two-phase fluid with a second stream of water The steam is heat-exchanged so that the second water vapor becomes superheated water vapor; (c) the superheated steam is injected into the two-phase fluid; and (d) the FCC feed obtained in step (c) The stream flows through the atomizing zone and enters the FCC reactor. It is printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Another specific embodiment includes a process as follows: (a) A fluid containing a liquid to be atomized and atomized. The gas undergoes heat exchange such that the atomized gas becomes superheated; (b) the superheated atomized gas is injected into the fluid; and (c. ) Let the stream obtained in step (b) flow into the atomization zone. Yet another embodiment includes a device for atomizing a fluid. The device includes: a central channel covering at least one inlet and outlet, and at least one channel for atomizing fluid (designed at the outlet of the channel for atomizing fluid) It can communicate with the central channel smoothly.) The device can further include a heating zone, which is designed to promote the central channel and at least one atomizing fluid channel. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). ) -11-546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9), the central channel outlet is located downstream of the atomizing fluid channel exit into the central channel. (Please read the precautions on the back and fill in this purchase) Yet another embodiment includes a device for atomizing fluid, which includes: (a) a central channel covering at least one inlet of the fluid to be atomized; (b ) An atomizing zone located downstream of at least one inlet; (c) and at least one atomizing fluid channel, which is designed to smoothly communicate with the central channel via the outlet of the atomizing fluid channel, wherein the atomizing fluid The exit of the channel has an acute forward angle greater than 60 ° and is concentrically surrounding the perimeter of the central channel; and (d) a heating zone designed to promote the central channel and at least one atomizing fluid channel Heat exchange between the heating zone is located upstream of the atomizing zone. Yet another specific embodiment includes a device for atomizing a fluid, which includes: (a) a printed road of an employee consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs covering the entrance of at least one fluid to be atomized; (b) located at The atomization zone downstream of at least one inlet; (c) and at least one atomizing fluid channel, which is designed to smoothly communicate with the central channel through the outlet of the atomizing fluid channel, wherein the atomizing fluid channel The outlet has an acute acute angle greater than 60 ° and is concentrically surrounding the perimeter of the central channel; and (d) a heating zone designed to promote the central channel and at least one atomizing fluid channel. Heat exchange; (e) a splitter located upstream of the outlet of the atomizing fluid channel in the central channel, wherein the central channel has a two-dimensional cross section, and at least one of the two dimensions is along at least a portion of the length The central channel converges in the downstream direction. At the same time, the atomized area also has a cross-section that includes two-dimensionality. At least one of the dimensions is along the atomized area of at least a part of the length. This paper points downstream direction applies China National Standard Scale (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) -12- 546367 A7 B7 V. invention is described in (10) manifold. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Yet another specific embodiment includes a first-class catalytic cracking unit, which includes a reactor containing at least one feed nozzle, where at least one feed nozzle contains : (I) a central channel containing at least one FCC feed inlet; (Π)-an outlet that covers an atomizing zone that can be smoothly communicated with the reaction zone; (iii) at least one atomizing fluid channel that can pass through The outlet of the atomizing fluid channel communicates smoothly with the central channel; and (iv)-a heating zone designed to promote heat exchange between the FCC feed and the atomizing fluid before they are mixed. Yet another embodiment includes a nozzle for atomizing petroleum products, which includes: (i) a central channel containing at least one petroleum feed inlet; (i) covering the atomizing zone and a spray distributor (designed to facilitate (A predetermined spray pattern); (iii) at least one atomizing fluid channel that can communicate with the central channel smoothly through the outlet of the atomizing fluid channel; and (iv) a heating zone designed to facilitate Heat exchange between the petroleum feed and the atomized fluid before they are mixed. Brief description of the figure Printed by the Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives Figure 1 is a simplified cross-sectional schematic side view of the F C C feed injector when the heat exchange tool of the present invention is used. Figures 2 (a) and 2 (b) are simplified cross-sectional schematic side and plan views of the FCC feed injector of the present invention, where the heat exchange Im can also mix two-phase fluids. Figure 3 is the A steamed paper size on the downstream outer end of the heat exchange tool shown in Figure 1. The Chinese standard (CNS) A4 specification (UOX297 mm) is applicable. -13- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11) Illustration of steam injection valve. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the catalytic cracking process when the present invention is implemented. 5 (a) and 5 (b) illustrate the structure of a sprayer. Main component comparison table 1 FCC feed injector 1 2 conduit 1 4 heat exchange tool 1 6 flange 1 8 atomizing tool 2 〇 flange 2 2 water vapor pipe or conduit 2 2 sprayer 2 4 spray fluid channel 2 6 fence tool (Termination wall) 2 8 Feed line (feed inlet) 3 〇Cylinder inner diameter 3 2 Thick wall 3 4 Water vapor passage 3 6 Water vapor into □ 3 8 Sharp hole (CIH, superheated steam outlet) 4 〇 Downstream wall 4 2 Cavity 4 4 Atomized sharp hole Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Employees' Cooperatives Printed on this paper The size of the paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) -14-546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) 4 6 Hollow interior 4 8 Atomizing tube tip 50 Feed oil injector 5 2 Heat exchange tool 54 Spray distributor and atomizing tool 5 6 Vertical inner column Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5 8 Divider (street flow 6 0 same wall 6 〇f opposite wall 6 2 same Wall 6 2 9 Opposite wall 6 4 Atomization sharp hole 6 6 Water vapor pipe 6 8 Water vapor inlet □ 7 〇 Water vapor outlet □ 7 2 Exterior metal wall part 7 4 Spray distributor or pipe tip 7 6 Inside of atomization tube 7 8 Flange 8 〇Water vapor channel 8 2 Water vapor inlet □ Tool 8 4 Water vapor outlet □ 1 FCC device 1 1 2 Catalytic cracking anti-friction hlh device (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) _Package ---- ^ --- Order— This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -15- 546367 Printed by A7 B7, Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 13) 114 regeneration unit 116 feed valve 118 catalytic cracking reaction zone 12 0 steam-catalyst separation zone 122 stripping zone 124 regulating plate 12 6 line 128 transfer line 130 feed line 1 3 2 water vapor line 134 feed injection point 13 6 Line 138 Fluidized bed 14 0 Line 1 4 2 Separation zone 144 Gas distributor grid 14 6 Weir 14 8 Funnel 1 50 152 Transmission line 15 4 Detailed description of the pipeline Important parameters include the average droplet diameter and the atomized oil feed injection (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ( 210X297 mm) -16- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14) Droplet size distribution in the valve reaction zone of the F c C method. Smaller oil droplet sizes and more evenly distributed oil droplet patterns can affect the evaporation rate of the oil feed and the effective contact of the oil with the thermally cracked catalytic particles that rise in the valve. Although not wishing to be limited, the evaporation rate of salt oil is inversely proportional to the droplet diameter. By way of example, a 25% reduction in the average diameter of the Saudi oil droplets will propel the oil darkening rate 35-50%. Longer oil evaporation times will result in lower crude gasoline selectivity and higher yields of undesired, low-temperature, thermal reaction products such as hydrogen, methane, ethane, coke, and high molecular weight materials. As the amount of heavier materials such as residual oil, residual crude oil, and the like added to the feed increases, it becomes more important to rapidly evaporate the oil feed. Generally speaking, when the amount of heavy substances in the FCC feed increases, the amount of the feed gas added to the feed syringe also increases, so that two phases containing the feed liquid and gas are formed upstream of the atomized sharp hole The fluid in turn achieves proper feed atomization. For F C C feed atomization, the gas is typically water vapor, the pressure drop across the sharp holes is less than 0-4Mpa, and the atomized droplet size is not greater than 1,000 m. It is best to achieve smaller droplet sizes and pressure drops across sharp holes, such as no greater than 300 microns and 0. 2Mp a. At the same time, it is more satisfactory to limit the amount of water vapor used for atomization to less than 5% by weight of water vapor, and to feed the oil to the opposite party. The invention can reduce the amount of water vapor required, and meanwhile, it can also reduce the average droplet size of the sand of the atomized oil. In the present invention, the two-phase fluid flowing through the atomizing tool and entering the fluid mixing tool or chamber may be a continuous segmented gas or liquid, or a multi-bubble 沬; if one or two of the phases are continuous, and Not sure. For example, this can be changed by referring to open-cell sponges and closed-cell sponges. The paper size applies Chinese National Standards (CNs) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) _ Install ----- Ί. Printed by the Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Employees' Cooperatives -li n J: m! I I— -17- 546367 A7 B7 5. The description of the invention (15) is clear. Sponges typically have an air to solids ratio of 1... By volume. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) The open-cell sponge printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property, and Employee Consumer Cooperatives is continuous with both gas (air) and solid. However, the closed-cell sponge is solid and contains Discontinuous gas cell. In an open-cell sponge, the solid can be said to be in the form of a membrane or ligament (thus it can exist as a two-phase gas-liquid bubble). In a closed-cell sponge, the gas can be imagined as discrete gaseous globules dispersed throughout the solid material. Some sponges fall between these two, just like some two-phase fluids containing gas and liquid phases. If the sponge has gas continuity but no solid continuity at the same time, then it is impossible; but it is feasible that the two-phase gas and liquid fluid only have gas continuity. Therefore, the specific shape of the fluid passing through the heat exchanging tool of the present invention cannot be surely known. Therefore, in the practice of the present invention, the increase in the surface area of the liquid phase includes: (i) forming a two-phase fluid with a gas (ie, water vapor) and a liquid, (i) reducing the thickness of any liquid film, and (iii) decreasing any The thickness and / or length of the liquid stream, and (iv) reducing the size of any of the liquid pellets in the fluid before or during atomization. In the case of a two-phase fluid containing a liquid phase and a gas phase, the velocity of the gas in the mixing zone is increased relative to the velocity of the liquid phase. When the fluid flows through the sharp hole or its cross-section (perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow), the area is smaller than the fluid channel or conduit tool upstream of the sharp hole or area (that is, the sharp hole or area for decompression and acceleration). Differences can also happen. The difference in velocity between the liquid and gas phases can cause liquid ligaments, especially with viscous liquids, such as hot F C C feed oil. The term ligament formation is used to indicate that the fluid forms an extended ball or stream. The speed difference is greatest during impact mixing, while the speed difference is reduced during cutting mixing. Therefore, when two-phase fluid flows through the decompression orifice, or when it is impacted and / or cut and mixed, the velocity between gas and liquid will be generated. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210'〆297mm) -18) 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (16) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Poor, this will cause the production of liquid ligaments and / or the dispersion of the liquid in the gas. This is because The reason for the fluid cutting into the extended ligaments and / or dispersed droplets. The pressure in the atomizing zone is lower than that in the upstream of the atomizing sharp hole. Therefore, the gas in the fluid flowing through the atomizing sharp holes or tools will expand rapidly, thereby dispersing the liquid flow and / or forming droplets and entering the atomizing area. During atomization, any existing liquid stream will break into two or more droplets. Atomized sharp holes can be discontinuous, quickly discernible sharp holes, or in the form of a region with the smallest cross section upstream of the atomized area. In the strictest technical knowledge, atomization sometimes means increasing the surface area of a liquid, and this happens when water vapor or other gas is mixed with the liquid to be atomized or injected into the liquid to be atomized. However, in the context of the present invention, atomization means that when the fluid passes through the atomized sharp holes or areas, the liquid phase is broken up or begins to break up into discrete groups in the gas phase. The droplet spray is dispersed in the gas phase and this will continue. In one embodiment where the superheated steam formed by the heat exchange tool is injected into the flowing liquid before the two-phase fluid is formed, the injection of water vapor will form a two-phase fluid. Printed by the Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Employee Consumer Cooperative on Figure 1. The FCC feed syringe 10 shown in the figure includes a hollow cylindrical tube 12 and is fastened at the downstream end by a flange 16 (preferably The ground is a latched (not shown) upstream end of the heat exchange tool and is connected to the heat exchange tool 14. The downstream or outlet end of the heat exchange tool is fastened (preferably latched) by a flange 20 (not shown) to a fan-type atomizing tool 18. As used herein, a central channel is a general range that means that the feed flows through the entire equipment from the feed inlet 28 to the equipment outlet, and may cover the atomization zone. This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -19- 546367 A7 --__ B7 V. Description of the invention (17) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Including cylindrical hollow The water vapor sprayer (first inlet) of the pipe or duct 2 2 may extend upstream of the duct 22. The sprayer 22 is terminated at its downstream end with a wall tool 26, which has a plurality of spray fluid channels 24 surrounding the periphery of the downstream end portion at intervals. These holes are drilled through a cylindrical wall of 2 2 into the interior of the pipe, which is designated as the spray area (a mixing area on the table). The hot feed oil enters the pipe 12 through the feed line 28 (feed inlet) and flows downstream, passes through the spray fluid channel 24, this area is defined as the first spray zone, and then goes to the heat exchange tool 14. The spraying water vapor (or other suitable fluid / gas) will pass into the sprayer 22 through the spraying fluid channel 24, as shown in Fig. 1. At this point, the water vapor enters the flowing hot oil through the radial flow. Material to form a two-phase fluid containing water vapor and hot oil feed. Figures 5 (a) and 5 (b) illustrate an alternative embodiment of the sprayer 22, in which the spray fluid channel can be designed to promote the spray water vapor to flow into the liquid to be atomized (hot oil feed) in an axial manner. See Figure 5 (a). Figure 5 (b) illustrates another specific embodiment, in which the printed matter channel of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ’intellectual property and employee consumer cooperative printed bodies can be designed to promote the spray water vapor to flow into the liquid to be atomized in both axial and radial forms. in. As used in this paragraph, the axial and radiant flow is the flow of spray water vapor in Omochi, relative to the entire flow of the feed into the central channel. The pressure drop through the spray fluid channel 24 is typically less than 69 kPa, which results in a comparable spray water vapor velocity. Both the spray water vapor and the hot oil are above atmospheric pressure and are also higher than the pressure downstream of the atomizing zone or expansion zone. The diameter of the stop wall 26 is larger than the diameter of the duct 22. The dimensions of this paper apply to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -20-546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (18) (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again) to provide a fixed mixing tool for adjusting the shape of the wall at the downstream end of the first spray zone. In a specific embodiment, all the atomized water vapor is injected into the hot oil with superheated high-speed water vapor at the downstream end of the heat exchange tool, so that an upstream sprayer is not required. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints that the two-phase fluid formed by spraying water vapor will flow forward into the heat exchange tool 14, which includes a solid heat-conducting metal and a cylindrical body with a cylindrical inner diameter of 30 (in In this specific embodiment); the two-phase fluid will then flow forward to the atomizing tool 18. Heat exchange is performed in the heating zone. The heat exchange tool 14 may also include a plurality of water vapor channels 34 (atomizing fluid channels), which are arranged in a surrounding manner in the thick wall 32 of the nozzle, and only two of them are shown for convenience. In this specific embodiment, each water vapor channel is the same and includes a conduit 34, and has a water vapor inlet 36, and the water vapor is passed through the pipeline (not shown, shown only by two arrows) from this inlet enter. Alternately, one or more spaced apart, ring-shaped cavities within the wall 32 are concentric with the inner column 30, and each cavity includes a water vapor channel and has at least one water vapor inlet. A superheated steam outlet, which surrounds the fluid outlet of the heat exchange tool, terminates. This specific embodiment is not shown. The water vapor outlet may also be located at the outer downstream end of the wall as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, or as shown in Fig. 2, extending and surrounding the inner wall of the inner pillar 30, close to the downstream end. Although there are only two illustrated, non-limiting examples, it is believed that those skilled in the art will understand. In this embodiment, the diameter of the inner column 30 and the feed duct 12 are approximately the same to reduce the pressure drop when the fluid flows into the heat exchange tool. Most of the adjustment plates and tabs extending radially from the surface of the inner column to the center of the paper are in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -21-546367 A7 ____B7 _ V. Description of the invention (19) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) or longitudinal ribs, which can be used to add an effective heat exchange surface and / or as a fixed mixing tool when the fluid flows into the heat exchange tool. In the specific embodiment shown, if there are more or less channels and structures available, two channels for each water vapor channel flow into the interior of the thick wall 32 It is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange tool), depending on the relative temperature, flow rate, etc. In this embodiment, the heat exchange surface heated by water vapor is determined by the length and diameter of the pipe or inner column. The superheated steam generated in the heat exchange tool will flow out of the sharp holes 3 8 (the outlet of the atomizing fluid channel) located in the downstream wall 40 of the heat exchange tool, and then injected into the fluid flowing out of the heat exchange tool. Then enter the cavity 4 2 of the atomizing tool 18. The water vapor is preferably injected into the effluent fluid at a temperature greater than 60 ° (printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs with respect to the longitudinal axis of the inner column of the heat exchange tool) as shown by two dotted arrows. In the case where the fluid flowing through the heat exchange tool is a single phase and contains only liquid oil, water vapor can form a two-phase fluid containing water vapor and liquid oil for subsequent atomization. For a two-phase fluid containing water vapor and liquid oil, the impact of hot water vapor on the fluid flowing from the heat exchange tool can increase the surface area of the liquid phase. The velocity of this water vapor is higher than that of the upstream spray water vapor. When the injection water vapor is high-speed water vapor with a Mach number greater than 0.5, it can be used as vibration water vapor, and can more effectively convert kinetic energy into surface tension energy, which is reflected in the increase in the liquid surface area. The converging area 4 2 of the atomizing tool 18 can minimize the coalescence of the dispersed oil pellets by introducing a flowing fluid into the atomizing sharp holes 44. In this embodiment, the atomizing sharp holes 44 are rectangular, and the plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the syringe and the fluid flow. In the plan view (Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 size (210x 297 mm) is not applicable for this paper size) -22- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (20) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) (Shown), the width of the sharp hole is as high as that shown in FIG. 1. The cross-sectional area of the atomized sharp hole in the open plane perpendicular to the fluid flow direction is smaller than the inner cross-sectional area of the inner column 3 0 (vertical to the fluid flow direction) of the feed duct 12 and the heat exchange tool 14. This can increase the speed of the fluid flowing into the atomizing sharp holes 44 and generate a pressure drop across the sharp holes and increase the speed of the fluid inflow. This further cuts the fluid to cause fluid atomization. When the fluid flows through the atomizing sharp holes and then enters the low-pressure atomizing area 46, it will expand and expand to form a dispersed droplet spray. The atomization only begins at the hollow interior 46 of the atomizing tube tip 48 (spray distributor) downstream of the sharp hole 44 and continues to the interior of the valve reaction zone (not shown), that is, where the tube tip 48 extends. In the plan view (not shown), the tube tips 4 and 8 are fan-shaped, as shown in Figure 2 (b), which can be quite flat, uniform, fan-shaped (or other suitable predetermined shape) atomized oil spray to make oil and heat The ascending regenerated catalyst particles (in the valve reaction zone) have maximum and uniform contact. This form of atomization device is known and disclosed in US Patent Nos. 5,173,175, printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and its disclosure will be incorporated herein by reference. In the operation of a water vapor injector as shown in the schematic, but non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 1, superheated hot oil for Fcc (with or without upstream or first water vapor sprayer to form a two-phase fluid or bubble)沬) At temperatures above 2 60 ° C, 4 · 5 to 1 3. A typical flow rate of 6 kg / s e c enters the syringe. Have 1. IMpa 18 2 ° C saturated water vapor, the water vapor flow rate into the heat exchange tool is 0. 5 to 5% by weight, or from 0 · 0 2 to 0. 7kg / s e c. The heat exchange between the hot oil and the water vapor flowing through the heat exchange tool will make the water vapor superheat scale applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm 1 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (21) 2 8 to 1 3 9 ° C, multiple locations, sprayed hot oil to help the oil "water vapor. In the picture, water vapor (that is, the superheated steam feed formed by the two phases of continuous water vapor each upstream of the oil tool) 〇. This is the amount typically required by programmers, as shown in Figure 2 (a) and the side of the specific embodiment. The superheated water of the exchanging tool is close to the fluid in the embodiment. Therefore, the F C pipe 12 has a downstream end and the oil is decomposed into 1 by hot water steaming. Spray into fluid. Steaming. 5Heavier than those for which only a slight amount of vapor can impact small diameter liquids. Examples 1 to 1. Oil to produce in this case two-phase flow. In order to have no overheating cooling (that is, it should be close to the heat dripping, so it can be medium, a small part of 0% by weight) can be described as the following, the amount in the hot body can reach the available steam and < 6 ° C). The exit of the tool change is regarded as the process of "vibration and saturation". The medium of the oil exchange is "oil foam" in the medium of the heat exchange. The use of the present invention 2 (b) is a separate cross-sectional view illustrating the implementation of the present invention and A cross-sectional view from above, in which the stream C from the inside of the inner column of the hot steam injection heat exchange tool (outflow of this concrete body and including the atomized sharp holes) C feed oil injector 50 includes a hot oil feed guide The water vapor that is drilled through the holes 2 4 Please read the notice on the back and fill in this page. The employee's consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed the production tube and the work circle to the sex swim of the tube or tube.上 其} The oil-dissipated heat-supplying device in the middle of the branch is oil-shaped. The 6-way thermal fan can be switched on and the 5-way example is provided with a set of middle-column heating tools. To, 5 real longitudinal stretching for the fog 2 specific extension spraying 5 inside the tool and heating equipment, including the steamer fog in the package to exchange water, also all the body and the same device with 2 end flow saturated cloth phase 5 Two supplies will be divided into 1 with a lift steam mist mapper, column (steam spray and body replacement 2 The system of water belongs to this 2 The hot 4 device hot gold. Passes through 7 mists. The shape of the paper under the shape of the spray tube can be applied to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -24-546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (22) (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) The entrance has a flow divider 5 8. The inner column 5 6 is a bit like a Kadri pipe, and the cross section is related to The direction of fluid flow is vertical and gradually minimizes at the end of its downstream outlet. With regard to Figure 2 (a), the splitter 58 can split the incoming fluid into two separate streams to provide impact and Cutting mix with minimal pressure drop throughout the inner column. Preferably, the two streams are opposite and symmetrical. The downstream outlet of the column includes atomized sharp holes. The combination of impact and cutting mix in the room can increase The surface area of the liquid phase in a two-phase fluid. This increase in surface area is evident by the smaller oil droplets being dispersed in the continuous phase of water vapor. Unlike the specific embodiment of Figure 1, the spray water vapor (or including Generated from tools Water vapor) is optional, in order to obtain the full benefit of mixing in the heat exchange tool, this specific embodiment is preferred. That is, in the specific embodiment of FIG. 2, a two-phase fluid is preferred, and The water vapor, which optimally contains two-phase fluid, will flow into the heat exchange tool 52. Two different pairs of opposing walls can form the inner column 56. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), the same direction and reverse wall The surfaces of the 60 and 60 'printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs are perpendicular to the paper plane and curved convexly or inwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange tool shown. Maximum curvature It is the upstream part of the inner column, and decreases along the downstream direction. The other pair of forward and reverse walls that define the inner pillars are 62 and 62 'as shown in Figure 2 (b). The walls 62 and 62 'converge slightly in the downstream direction, and their surfaces are perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The rectangular inner column 56 is formed by the intersection of two pairs of walls, which includes a fluid mixing chamber with a rectangular cross-section that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the thermal parent tool (which is parallel to the plane fluid inlet and leaves at the other end of the tool) , And the direction of the entire fluid flow, and the cross-section of the chamber is the same as the Chinese standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -25- 546367 A 7 B7 V. Description of the invention (23) (Please read the back first Please note that this page is to be filled out again.) The printed product of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs will gradually decrease along the downstream direction, and a rectangular atomized sharp hole 6 4 will be formed at the downstream exit end of the heat exchange tool. The split flow divider 58 can separate the two-phase, water vapor continuous fluid formed when the hot water is injected through the upstream water vapor, into two opposite, symmetrical individual flows. These two separate streams will flow into the upstream part of the inner column, where the curvature of the convex circle can provide two flow vectors radially inward and axially downstream. The force of the radial inward flow will be transmitted to the injected fluid to push parts of each stream against each other to maximize the mixing force to increase the surface area of the liquid phase in the flowing fluid. However, continued vigorous impingement mixing will cause a portion of the newly dispersed liquid to coalesce. Therefore, the inwardly curved walls 60 and 60 'will continue to slow down to the downstream flow direction, so that a substantially gentle cutting mix can be provided from the friction along the wall to the sharp holes 64. When the two streams first enter the inner column 56, the fluid mixing will reach the maximum, but its strength will continue to weaken as the fluid flows into the inner column. This provides that the liquid phase of the fluid can be increased to the maximum area, but then only slightly coalesced and there is only a small pressure drop throughout the heat exchange tool. The other pair of opposite walls 6 2 and 6 2 ′ gradually approach each other from the downstream direction to the sharp hole 64 to minimize the pressure loss of the fluid passing through the inner column to the atomized sharp hole and minimize the pressure passing through the sharp hole. The fluid velocity increases to a maximum. Only two water vapor pipes 66 in the same direction are shown in FIG. 2 (a). For convenience, each has a water vapor inlet 68 and an outlet 70. These pipes are thick, External metal wall section 7 2. The outlet 〇 is a fluid that flows out at an acute angle and is located in the inner column wall and immediately upstream of the sharp hole 64 in order to impinge on the flowed out fluid with superheated and preferably also high-speed water vapor to further reduce the subsequent atomization. The droplet size of the oil droplet. The paper size of the feed duct is subject to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210x 297 mm) -26-546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (24) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) and hot In the exchange tool, the fluid is under superatmospheric pressure. The valve reaction zone (not shown), where the downstream part of the syringe (ie, the tip of the nebulizer tube) protrudes ’has a lower pressure than the feed syringe. When the two-phase, water vapor-continuous fluid passes through the downstream end of the heat exchange tool, superheated steam is injected into the fluid in a number of jets, thereby increasing the surface area of the liquid phase to form a more uniform spray of small oil droplets during fluid atomization . The superheated steam of the fluid injected into the heat exchange tool is higher than the pressure of the fluid. This will increase the volumetric flow rate of the fluid and cause the droplet size of the dispersed and eventually atomized oil droplets to be further reduced. This water vapor is a vibrating stream or cutting water vapor, depending on whether the water vapor is injected at supersonic speed or subsonic speed. The two-phase fluid will flow into a rectangular atomizing sharp hole containing the fluid outlet of the heat exchange tool and the fluid inlet of the nebulizing tool 54. The outlet of the heat exchange tool and the upstream inlet of the fan-shaped atomizing tube inside 76 are the same in size and shape. As described above, this sharp hole is rectangular and has a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the syringe. The cross-sectional area is substantially smaller than the cross-section of the fluid conduit 12 and the fluid inlet of the heat exchange tool. The spray distributor or tube tip 74 of the atomizing device 54 is fan-shaped and hollow, as shown in Figs. 2 (a) and 2 (b). Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. This will provide a fan-shaped, controllable expansion atomizing zone 7 6 to inject a flat, fan-shaped, atomized oil droplet spray into the valve reactor in the FCC unit. Rising, hot regeneration catalyst particles. The atomizing device 54 can be metallurgically connected to, welded or brazed to the heat exchanging work via flanges. In Fig. 2 (b), only two identical water vapor channels 80 appear in the thick and central solid wall portion 72 of the heat exchange tool, otherwise. Saturated or superheated water vapor enters the water through the inlet tool § 2 The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) • 27- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (25) (Please read the back Please fill in this page again for attention) Consumption cooperation between employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Du printed steam channels (as shown by two separate arrows). Water vapor outlet 8 4 lbs [J Inject water vapor into the flowing fluid at an acute angle (as shown by the two arrows). In this specific embodiment, water vapor is injected into the flowing oily fluid at an acute angle greater than 60 ° forward to give the injected water vapor a radial inward and forward flow and a cutting force component. This maximizes the speed of water vapor difference between the injected water vapor and the flowing oily fluid. In another embodiment (not shown), water vapor as shown in FIG. 2 may be injected into the fluid at an acute angle in the upstream direction. In another specific embodiment (not shown), the cross-section of the inner post 56 can be gradually reduced to the downstream direction and then increased. In this case, the atomization is initiated at the point or area of the smallest cross-section, which will include the atomization area, unlike the sharp holes that are easily identifiable. Fig. 3 is a simplified downstream end view of the heat exchange tool 14 shown in Fig. 1, which illustrates a plurality of superheated steam outlets 38, arranged concentrically around the downstream outlet of the heat exchange tool. Although these outlets are described as circular, they can also be rectangular cracks or any other shape. The heat exchange tool of the present invention can be manufactured in several different ways at the discretion of the developer. Therefore, both lost casting or investment casting methods, as well as forging or other casting methods can be used. Nozzles can be made of ceramic, metal, or a combination thereof. Nozzles are manufactured using multiple stacked, relatively thin metal plates or small plates, and have a fluid passing tool therein. The manufacturing method is well known and can be used on rocket engines and slurry torches, for example, as disclosed U.S. Patent Nos. 3,881,701 and 5,455,401. This manufacturing technique can also be used to make the nozzles of the present invention. The choice of manufacturing method is up to the developer. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -28- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (26) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy The cooperative prints FIG. 4 is a simple flowchart of the fluid catalytic cracking method associated with the feed injection process of the present invention. In Fig. 4, the F C C unit for implementing the present invention is shown to include a catalytic cracking reactor unit 1 12 and a regeneration unit 1 1 4. The device 1 1 2 covers a feed valve 1 1 6 and includes a catalytic cracking reaction zone 1 1 8 inside. The device also includes a vapor-catalyst separation zone 120 and a stripping zone 12 with a plurality of regulating plates 12 24 inside, arranged in a metal "shed" type, similar to a sloping roof. A suitable stripping agent such as water vapor will be introduced into the stripping zone via line 1 2 6. The used catalyst particles which have been stripped are sent to the regeneration zone 1 1 4 via the transfer line 1 2 8. The pre-heated FCC feed will enter the feed syringe (not shown) containing the heat exchange tool of the present invention via the feed line 130, according to any specific embodiment of the present invention, which will heat at least part of the Disperse water vapor. The water vapor from the water vapor line 1 3 2 is sent to a hot oil feed as in any embodiment of the present invention to form a two-phase, gas-sustaining mixture consisting of water vapor and hot oil, and then The atomized sharp hole in the syringe is passed into the bottom of the valve 1 1 6 as a flat, fan-shaped spray at the feed injection point 1 3 4. For simplicity, the feed syringe is not shown in Figure 5. In a preferred embodiment, multiple feed injectors may be located concentrically around the feed injection area of the valve 1 16. Other geometries that can be used for multiple feed syringes can also be used. The preferred feed comprises a mixture of vacuum gas oil (VOC) and heavy feed components such as residual oil fractions. The hot feed is in contact with the hot regenerated cracking catalyst particles in the valve. This will vaporize the feed and catalyze it into lighter low-boiling fractions, including fractions in the boiling point range of gasoline (typically 38-204 ° C). This paper's dimensions apply to Chinese national standards (CNS ) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -29- 546367 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (27) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs's Consumer Cooperative and high boiling point jet Engine fuel, diesel fuel, kerosene and the like. As is known to those skilled in the art, the cracking catalyst is a mixture of silica and alumina containing zeolite molecular sieve cracking components. When the feed comes into contact with the hot catalyst in the valve at the feed injection point 134, the cracking reaction starts and continues to the upper part of the separation zone 1 2 0 of the catalytic cracker vessel 1 12 until the product vapor and used Until the catalyst is separated. The cracking reaction deposits strippable hydrocarbonaceous materials and non-stripping carbonaceous materials (known as coke), generates used catalyst particles that must be removed by stripping, and recovers strippable hydrocarbons. , And then regenerate it in the regenerator by burning off the coke. Vessel 1 12 contains a cyclone (not shown) in separation zone 120, which can separate cracked hydrocarbon product vapors and stripped hydrocarbons (vapor form) from the exhausted catalyst particles. The hydrocarbon vapor will pass upward through the reactor and be recovered via the pipeline. Typically, the hydrocarbon vapor is sent to a distillation unit (not shown) to condense the condensable portion of the vapor into a liquid, and the liquid is fractionated into individual product streams. The used catalyst particles will fall down into the stripping zone 1 2 2 and come into contact with a stripping medium such as water vapor (which is sent to the stripping zone via line 12 6) and be removed as a steam during the cracking reaction Strippable hydrocarbonaceous material deposited on the catalyst. These vapors are recovered as the other product vapors pass through lines 1 3 6. The adjusting plate 1 2 4 can disperse the catalyst particles so as to uniformly traverse the width of the stripping zone or the stripper, and minimize internal reflux or back mixing of the catalyst particles in the stripping zone. The used and stripped catalyst particles can be removed from the bottom of the stripping zone via the transfer line 1 2 8 and enter the fluidized bed 1 38 of the regenerator 1 4 4 through the line 1 2 8. In the fluidized bed, they will be printed in accordance with the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm)-30- 546367 A7 B7 printed on the paper size of the pipeline through the pipeline. 28) 1 40 The air entering the regenerator is in contact, and some catalyst particles will enter the separation zone 1 4 2 in the regenerator upwards. The air will oxidize or burn out the carbon deposits to regenerate the catalyst particles. In the combustion, the heating temperature is preferably not more than about 7 60 ° C, typically about 6 5 0-7 0 0 ° C. Within range. The regenerator 114 may also contain a cyclone (not shown), which can separate hot regeneration catalyst particles from the gaseous combustion products (mostly containing C0, N2, Η20, and C02), and The regenerated catalyst particles are returned down to the fluidized bed 138 through an immersion tube (not shown, as known to those skilled in the art). The fluidized bed 1 3 8 is supported on a gas distributor grid (which is only shown schematically by dashed lines 1 4 4). The hot regenerated catalyst particles in the fluidized bed will overflow the funnel 1 4 The weir 1 4 6 formed at the top of the 8 and the bottom of the funnel 1 4 8 is the top of the down pipe 150. The bottom of the downcomer 150 will be transformed into a regenerated catalyst transfer line 152. The overflowed regenerated particles will flow down into the funnel and downcomer, and enter the transfer line 1 52, and then return to the valve reaction zone 1 18, where their catalyst particles and the heat entering the valve from the feed syringe Feed contact. With regard to the combustion product-containing flue gas as described above, it is removed from the top of the regenerator via line 15 4. The catalytic cracker feed used in the FCC process typically includes high-boiling, non-residual gas oils such as vacuum gas oil (VG0), straight fouling (atmospheric pressure) gas oil, and light cracker oil (LCG 0 ) And coker gas oil. The initial boiling point of these oils is typically higher than about 4 5 0 T (2 3 2 ° C), more commonly higher than about 6 5 0 ° F (3 4 3 t), and the end point is still 1 1 5 0 卞 (6 2 1 ° C), such as straight-run or atmospheric gas oil and refining ^^ standards are applicable to Chinese national standard (〇 奶) 8 4 specifications (210 乂 297 mm) '--- -31-(Please Read the precautions on the back first and then fill out this page)-Binding · Order -1— n Ί 546367 A7 _B7 V. Description of the invention (29) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Coke gas oil. In addition, one or more heavy feeds having a final boiling point above 565 ° C (i.e., up to 705 ° C or higher) can also be blended with the catalytic cracker feed. For example, such heavy feeds include whole crude oil and residual crude oil, atmospheric pressure from crude oil and vacuum distillation of residual oil or filtration, bitumen and bitumen burning, tar and recycled oil from thermal cracking of heavy oil, and coke. Sand oil, shale oil, coal-derived liquids, synthetic crude oil, and the like. These oils may be present in the cracker feed in an amount of about 2 to 50% by volume, more typically about 5 to 30% by volume. Typically, these feeds contain too high levels of unwanted components, such as aromatic and heteroatom-containing compounds, such as sulfur and nitrogen. Therefore, these feeds usually need to be processed or enhanced by processes such as known hydrotreating, solvent extraction, solid absorbents such as molecular sieves and the like to reduce the amount of unwanted components. In the FCC process, typical catalytic cracking conditions include temperatures between about 8 0-1 2 0 0T (427-648 ° C), preferably 850-115 0 QF (454-621 ° C), and more preferably 900 — 1150 ° F (428 — 621 ° C), pressure between about 0.14 — 0.52 M pa, preferably 0.1 4-0.3 8 M pa, and the intellectual property of the Ministry of Economics The contact time of the printing / catalyst contact of the bureau's consumer cooperative is 0.5-15 seconds, preferably 1 to 5 seconds, and the catalyst to feed ratio is about 0.5-10, preferably 2-8. The FCC feed will be preheated to a temperature not higher than 4 5 4 ° C, preferably not higher than 4 2 7 ° C, and typically in the range of about 2 60-4 2 7 ° C. Need to be clear When implementing the present invention, as long as the scope and spirit of the present invention described above are not violated, various other specific embodiments and amendments are applicable to the artist. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm)- 32- 546367 A7 __B7 V. The description of the invention (30) is prestigious and can be easily made. According to this, the scope of the applied patent is not intended to be limited by the actual description described above. More appropriately, the scope of the patent of this application can be inferred to cover all novelty of all patentable patents existing in the present invention. The characteristics of things, including all the characteristics and specific implementation benefits, which can be regarded by the artist as being corresponding to the present invention. For example, although the F C C feed injector that atomizes the F C C oil feed has been described as being used specifically for the present invention, the invention itself is not intended to be limited thereto. Any liquid atomization process can be used in the practice of this invention, but the most advantageous of these is to heat at least part of the atomized gas or heat by indirect heat exchange with a liquid or fluid flowing through the heat exchange means for any reason Water vapor to superheated temperature, these reasons include, but are not limited to (i) forming a two-phase fluid containing the liquid to be atomized and the atomized gas and / or water vapor, and (i) the gas or water vapor to be heated Injected into a hot liquid or fluid for atomization. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) -33-