TW530146B - Surfaces having particle structures with broad range radiation absorptivity - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention comprises methods for manufacture, and the manufacture of heap pipes and window materials having particle structures for use in heat transfer applications in which enhanced radiative heat transfer is desired. Particle structures can be made using chemical, lithographic or other methods, and can be made into a variety of structures having predefined physical sizes. Particle structures can be made of different sizes or shapes to accommodate design requirements. Particle structures used in heat pipes can have a particles of different sizes incorporated into the same structure, and the inter-particle distances can be selected to provide broad band heat absorptive and emissive properties. Alternatively, particle structures can be designed and manufactured to provide narrow band absorptive and/or emissive properties. Additional applications include window materials. Application of particle structures to window materials can improve the heat absorptive properties, and can be useful for controlling radiative heat transmission and/or absorption by the window material.

Description

530146 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1 Related applications This application claims rights under 35 USC § 120 of U.S. Utility Patent Application No. 09 / 669,796, filed on September 26, 2000, while the latter claims the United States provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 156,471 under 35 USC § 1 19. This case is also related to U.S. Utility Patent Application No. 09 / 670,453 filed on September 26, 2000, and filed on September 26, 2000 U.S. Utility Patent Application No. 09 / 669,369 and U.S. Utility Patent Application filed on March 23, 2001 (the title of which is to use a susceptor to increase the detection of an analyte by a substrate with a particulate structure " (Amplification 〇f Anaiyte

Detection by Substrates Having Particle Structures With Receptors), inventor, David] [. David J Kreimer, Oleg a. Yevin, and Thomas H. Nuffer h

Nufert)), all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the production of a surface having improved heat radiation absorption. More specifically, the present invention relates to the manufacture of heat-absorbing and light-radiating heat transfer surfaces (surfaces and heat pipes). More precisely, the present invention relates to the manufacture of windows with a nano-grain structure covering the surface for absorbing broadband electromagnetic radiation windows. And window materials.… I 'related techniques explain that many useful mechanical and electrical processes in the structure to form P, the heat is often not desirable, because it leads to the structure; increase f. This is like a building) temperature increase -5-

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And the temperature of sensitive equipment increases. In addition, when using solar radiation as an energy source, heating the solar radiation absorbing element is the first step in energy conversion. The next step is to quickly transfer heat from the sun-radiation absorbing element to other elements in these systems.

Equipped ~ Through hanging, the heat official transfers heat faster than solid copper rods of the same diameter. Heat pipe heat loss ==, and does not require additional energy input, such as a compressor. This is not necessary 旎: the heat transfer capacity of the input is beneficial to the wide range of technical applications of the heat pipe. To prevent the structure from heating, windows and window materials have been used for windows to allow or prevent radiation from passing from one side of the window to the other. In addition, when solar radiation is used as a structural heating source, radiant energy is introduced into the structure through a window as a first step. In this structure, the radiant energy can be absorbed by the components inside the $ and converted into thermal energy by the temperature increase display. Some thermal energy is dissipated as longer wavelength radiation, including radiation in the infrared range. In order to promote the heating with radiation, it may be desirable to make it easy for human radiation to pass through, but to prevent light from being emitted by long waves.

Untreated glass or plastic shows ideal radiation transmission properties and is widely used in greenhouses. Glass is widely used in windows. However, broken glass conducts heat and can conduct electromagnetic light emission. Since the electromagnetic #radiation path can pass a considerable amount of heat through the broken glass window, it is desirable to provide a window glass having a low transmittance to a certain electromagnetic radiation wavelength.

I. Heat pipe Fig. 1 illustrates the working principle of a general heat pipe 100, which is a hollow metal pipe 105 ' core 135 closed at both ends to cover the inner surface of the pipe. The tube is filled with a volatile fluid 140. When heating one end of the tube 110, as shown by ^, wave -6-530146 A7 --- ~ ------ B7 V. Description of the invention (3) " 一 " " ----- The evaporative fluid 140 evaporates at the end of the tube. The steam is expanded and moved to the other-cold end 120 (curved arrow) of the tube, where the volatile fluid condenses, and the bulk is released = two. Due to the capillary force, the condensate moves from the core path 135 back to S 2%. Therefore, at the warm end, heat energy is absorbed from the environment to evaporate, and at the cold end, 4r and 4f are released to the environment, based on evaporation and condensation loops. In ... < Generally, the outer tube is made of a material having high thermal conductivity, for example, copper. Under contact and convective heat transfer conditions, these materials absorb and / or emit energy. However, when including the heat transfer mechanism, the high thermal conductivity is not sufficient for ideal and efficient heat transfer, and other factors can improve the efficiency of this process. These requirements are: 2 5 The outer surface should absorb and / or emit electromagnetic radiation in a wide wavelength range 丨 and 2) "The heat transfer between the material body and the outer surface should be effective. A method to control the absorption and / or emission characteristics of the surface In order to use a structure with micrometer-sized geometric holes, the tube is sub-coated with a material having ideal spectral emission, such as coating with tungsten (Stone et al., US Patent No. 5,932, 〇29, the entire text of which is (Incorporated by reference herein.) Glass and plastic are widely used in windows and window covering materials. However, untreated glass and plastic may conduct electromagnetic radiation. Since considerable radiant heat may be lost by electromagnetic radiation channels through glass windows, It is ideal to provide a window material that has low transmission to certain electromagnetic private emission wavelengths and maintains transmission to other wavelengths. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to study a surface that has excellent absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation in a wide spectral range. By means of material

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530146 Description of the invention (6) Figure 3 depicts the specific design of the light-emitting absorbing end of the heat pipe of the present invention. Figure 4 depicts the heat pipe of the present invention, which collects electromagnetic radiation and transfers this energy to the target through the cooling end. Figure 5 depicts the heat transfer to the tube. Figure 5 depicts the design of a heat pipe according to the present invention. The transmission and absorption of heat and radiant heat are transmitted at its place. The design of the window-breaking glass with a granular structure is depicted on the edge. Figure 7 is a drawing with a line graph on it. Material ^ The optical density curve of the broken glass is shown in Figures 8a-8b in which the granular structure is in a window-like embodiment. Door Exemplary embodiments are shown in Figs. 9a-9b. The embodiment of the window covering material is described in detail. "Seven, the invention with a rainbow structure has a detailed description of the invention. The definition of the invention uses the following words and terms." Fractal " In this article, it refers to a structure consisting of two digits with a certain relationship between the degree and the unit number, and the observation rule •. '', (P 'scale-invariant (scale- 7_ called the structure. Only an example'-continuous line is -I-dimensional to plane are two-dimensional objects, The volume is a three-dimensional object., And, if there is a gap between the lines and τ is a continuous, line, then the dimension, ... For example, if the line's / 2 is lost, the fractal dimension is "." Similarly, if the point on a plane is lost, then the fractal dimension of the plane is _ ". If the y2 point on the child plane is lost, then the fractal dimension is 15. Separately installed ~ Order -10-

530146 V. Description of the invention (outside 'if a point on a solid body is lost, the structure with degree k is not taken into account, and the observed surface is 2.5 again. It seems similar in ruler. Therefore,' fragment structure is a kind of ' The structure of the object is different from the regular structure. ~ Struct 'and the disordered absent + fragmented aggregate f, or, a fragmented small structure, which includes at least about 100 associated together The size is limited by the size of the individual particles containing the fragmented association, and the upper limit defined by the combination shows the scale: limit and fragmentation. In this article, "fragmentation dimension" R is the area of observation, the number of particles ,: Two: Degree ^ Here: in non-fragmented solids' If the radius of observation is doubled: the number of particles observed inside 捭 3, is half of this Xiaodou product; ^ force 2 pull " but in the corresponding In the fractal shape, if you observe the doubling of the abundance, the number of particles observed will increase less than 23 times. J This "zhong fractal particle association" refers to a large number of arranged particles. The number of particles per unit volume or unit per surface (dependent variable) depends on the observation scale (from Number) Non-linear change. In this context, a linking agent refers to an atom, molecule, part or molecular complex with two or more chemical groups capable of binding to the surface and allowing the final particles to attach together to form a particle group. The simplest A linking agent connects two particles. A branching linking agent can connect a large number of particles together. In this context, "ordered structure" refers to an irregular structure. In this context, "" particle structure "means to associate with each other in one way. A group of individual particles that allow an enhanced electric field to respond to incident electromagnetic radiation. Examples of particles include metals, metal-coated polymers, and fullerenes. -11- This paper is compliant with China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (21〇 ^ 797 public love)

V. Description of the invention (8, particle structure, meaning also includes the film or composite material in which the particles are embedded in the dielectric surface. 4 or 10,000 ... In this article, "penetration point" means that the surface is covered by the medium In the table, the deafness detection: the point on the conducting surface at the time when non-conduction increases: "sheet" conduction-a method is applied on the surface ^ f surface or in the middle, "random structure, refers to non- Ordered and unstructured. Consider the viewing sacrifice: and the size of the random structure seems to be uniform, and two of them: include at least a few particles. The rules are: the degree in this book and the 'common basis' refers to incidence, Scattering and / or emission == surface interactions that are excited by electromagnetic light emission and increase the surface of electromagnetic lepton. # / 又 心 私 In this context, resonance Tianshou "refers to the incident electromagnetic radiation in or near the particle structure. The area where the electric field increases.-",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ', 指', refers to the relationship between the particles of Chaohua Co., Ltd., excluding particles = medium ratio (scaling ratio) A specific embodiment of the invention of the diameter of the particles On the absorption and / or emissive surface of the heat pipe: The nano-particle structure can be applied to the inner surface of the heat pipe. It can:: effectively absorb or emit heat energy. By increasing the absorption by the outer surface of the heat pipe: The heat energy is transmitted to the inside of the heat pipe, and therefore the evaporation rate of the second fluid is increased. The increased evaporation of the volatile fluid can increase the flow of the evaporated fluid, thereby increasing the flow of heat from the heat pipe's emitting part. Force increase of the heat flowing to the emission part: -12-

This paper is suitable for national standards (CNS) Α4 specifications (21GX297 male D 530146)

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The amount of heat entering the structure can be reduced. When the external temperature decreases and the amount of incoming radiation needs to be increased, the coating can be removed to allow radiation to enter the structure. In addition to windows for structures, the invention also includes coatings for smaller structures, such as tubes, slides and other devices where light absorption and / or transmission properties are required. For example, in certain embodiments of the present invention, an optical cell or sample container having a low transmittance to a certain wavelength range that may interfere with the detection of electromagnetic radiation or "parasitic radiation" may be provided, such as September 26, 2000 The co-pending application is described in US Patent Application No. 09 / 669,369, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. These specific examples are also ideal for the detection of analytes, as described in US Patent Application No. 09 / 670,453, co-pending application filed on September 26, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. . Desirable structures for use in the method of the present invention include structures containing small particles. This structure includes, as a subset, fractal associations and is referred to herein as a granular structure. These particle structures may have physical and chemical structural features that resonate electrons with incident and outgoing electromagnetic radiation. I. Manufacture of granular structure The granular structure ideally used in the present invention may include any structure capable of absorbing or emitting electromagnetic signals over a wide wavelength range. The discussion of metal particles and social structure is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but only for illustrative purposes. Other structures' may also be included including fractal structures. A. Manufacture of metal particles The known methods in this technology can be used to make some specific implementations of the present invention. -14- Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 (2ιο χ 297)

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Examples of metal particles used are, for example, Tarcha et al. US Patent No. 5, :) 67, 628, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Metal colloids can be composed of precious metals, exactly the elements gold or silver, copper, platinum, palladium, and other metals known to provide broadband absorption and emission in the desired spectral range. Generally, in order to make a metal colloid, a dilute solution containing a metal salt can be chemically reacted with a reducing agent. The reducing agent may include ascorbate, citrate, borohydride, hydrogen, and the like. The chemically reduced metal salt is capable of producing elemental metals in solution, which element metals are combined to produce a colloidal solution containing metal particles which may be relatively spherical in shape. Manufacture of gold colloids and fractal structures In the present invention-specific embodiments, ′ is a solution that produces gold nuclei, and a 0.01% solution of NaAuCU dissolved in water is prepared under stirring in a column. Add 1 milliliter (, 1 "1% sodium citrate solution ... mixed) minutes, and then add 1 milliliter of a solution containing 0.075% NaBH4 and 0.1% sodium citrate under vigorous stirring. Allow the reaction to proceed for 5 minutes, To prepare gold nuclei with an average diameter of about 2 nm. Refrigerate the container containing the gold nuclei until needed. This solution can be used as is 'or used to make larger size particles such as' up to about 50 nm (Meter diameter), when manufacturing, quickly add 30 microliters of gold nucleus and 0.4 ml of 1% sodium citrate solution to a solution diluted in ⑽ml_ with vigorous stirring. HAuCUH.W) The mixture is boiled for 15 minutes and then reaches room temperature. During the cooling period, the particles in the solution can form broken knots: the resulting colloid and / or broken particle structure can be stored in dark bottles. &Quot; On a dielectric surface including glass Deposition-enhancing particles can produce -15-

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530146 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) Film with strong electromagnetic signal. These films can be as thin as about 10 nm. In particular, the distribution of electric field enhancement on these films may be uneven. These enhancement regions are resonance domains. These areas are particularly useful for binding analytes and detecting all receptors. For thin film or granular structures embedded in a dielectric material, one way to make a reinforced structure is to treat the surface until a penetration point appears. The methods used to measure the impedance of the sheet and body impedance are technically familiar. Example 2 Manufacturing of metal particles and fractal structures by laser ablation In addition to the liquid phase synthesis described above, metal particles can be manufactured by laser ablation. The metal foil is placed in a chamber containing a low concentration of a rare gas such as helium, neon, argon, xenon or krypton. Exposure of the foil to laser light or other heat sources can cause the metal atoms to evaporate, and these atoms can spontaneously diffuse into a fractal or other granular structure in the suspension system in the chamber. These methods are well known in the art. B. Manufacture of Particle-Containing Films In order to produce a substrate containing metal colloid particles according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the metal colloid particles described in Example 1 or 2 can be deposited on a quartz slide. Other films incorporating random structures, non-fragmented ordered structures and / or fragmented aggregates can be made in a similar manner. Example 3 Manufacture of a quartz slide with a gold fractal structure A quartz slide (2.5 cm x 0.8 cm x 0.1 cm) was washed in a mixture of HC1: HNO3 (3: 1) for several hours. Then use deionized H2O (Millipore Corporation) to clean the slide to about 18 megaohm resistance. With 16- this paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 530146 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (13) After washing with CH3OH. The slide was immersed in a solution of 1: 5 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane diluted in CH3OH. Before immersing in the above colloidal gold solution, the slide was thoroughly washed with CH3OH (spectrophotometric grade) and deionized & 0. The slide was then immersed in the above gold colloid solution. During this time, gold colloidal particles may deposit and adhere to the surface of the quartz slide. After 24 hours, colloid derivatization was complete. Once attached, the gold-colloidal nanocomposite has a strong bond to the quartz surface and is essentially irreversible. The UV and / or visible absorption spectra of these derivatized slides were used to evaluate the quality and reproducibility of the derivatized steps during the steps. The process was monitored by electron microscopy to estimate the colloidal coating density, the distribution of gold colloidal particles on the surface, and the size of the gold colloidal particles. C. Particle Aggregation into Particle Structure According to other embodiments of the present invention, the particle structure can be formed in several ways. It is known that metal colloids can be deposited on the surface and form a fractal structure with a fractal dimension of about 1.8 when aggregated. Safonov et al., Spectra of selective optical modification in fractal aggregates of colloidal particles Relationship (Spectral Dependence of Selective Photomodification in Fractal Aggregates of Colloidal Particles), Physical Review Letters 80 (5): 1102-1 105 (1998), the full text of which is incorporated herein by reference. Figure 1 depicts the particle structure suitable for the method used in the present invention. The particles are arranged in a scale-invariant manner, which will promote the generation of common and vibrating domains during laser light illumination. In addition to fractal structures, ordered non-fractal structures and random structures can be produced. These different types of structures may have the performance required to enhance signals associated with detecting analytes with electromagnetic radiation. -17- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Zero binding

530146 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14) In order to manufacture an ordered non-fragmented structure, chemical linkers with different lengths can be used, as detailed in the following sequence. In addition, using the same size of the coupling agent can produce an ordered structure, which may be useful for some applications. In some embodiments of the present invention, the particles can be combined together to form a structure having resonance properties. In general, particles with a spherical, ellipsoidal or rod shape may be desirable. For ellipsoidal particles, it may be desirable for the particles to have a major axis (x), another axis (y), and a third axis (z). Generally, it may be necessary to have X of about 0.05 to about i times the wavelength (λ) of the incident electromagnetic radiation to be used. For rods, X may ideally be less than about 4, or less than about 3, 戋 less than about 2, and less than about 1λ in other embodiments, and less than about% λ in other embodiments. The rod end may be flat, tapered, or rectangular (oblong) 'or have other shapes that promote resonance.

The distribution density of the scale. In other embodiments, the rods can be connected end-to-end to provide long structures with enhanced resonance performance.

In the nested array, it can be used ideally. The suspended particles can be used in this paper. Standards (CNS) μ size 530146 A7

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530146 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (16) The frequency may span a wider spectral range than the monomer absorption bandwidth related to the surface plasmon resonance. Nevertheless, other theories can also explain the optical modification effect of the fractal structure, but the present invention is not limited by any particular theory of operation. Optical modification of silver fractal aggregates can occur in domains as small as about 24X 24X 48 nm 3 (Safano et al., Physical Review letters 1102- 1 105 (199 8), the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference) in). As the laser wavelength increases, the energy absorbed by the fractal medium may be located in a less progressive monomer. As the energy of the suction resonance revolution increases, the temperature at these locations may increase. At a power of 11 mJ / cm2, light with a wavelength of 550 nm may produce a temperature of about 600 K (Safano et al., Physical Review Letters 80i5V · 1 1 02-1 1 05 (1 99 8), Its entirety is incorporated herein by reference). At this temperature (which is about half the temperature at which silver is melted), the colloid may sinter (Safano et al., M.), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), thereby forming a stable broken nanocomposite . As used herein, to complete light gathering, the metal colloid on the surface may be exposed to an incident light pulse having a wavelength in the range of about 400 nanometers to about 2000 nanometers. In alternative embodiments, the wavelength may be in the range of about 450 nm to about 1079 nm. The intensity of the incident light may range from about 5 mJ / cm2 to about 20 mJ / cm2. In an alternative embodiment, the incident light may have a wavelength of 1079 nm at an intensity of 11 mJ / cm2. The fractal aggregates particularly useful in the present invention can be made of metal particles having a size in the range of from about 10 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, and in selective embodiments may have a diameter of about 50 nanometers. The typical fractal structure of the present invention consists of up to about 1000 particles. -20- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

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530146 V. Description of the invention (17) Figure 2 depicts the structure of particles that are aggregated and suitable for the method of the present invention. A localized area of melting of the metal particles can be observed (round). π. Particle structure In some embodiments of the present invention, the particle structure of the present invention may have a fractal structure property. The fractal structure may be a structure showing a self-similarity model. Self-similarity means that all of its structures are scale-invariant, because the structures appear to be similar in the I magnification range. Fragmented structures are widespread in nature, for example: clouds. Fragmented objects can also be created artificially. For example, when the landscape of a metal surface is arranged in a self-similar triangle or other shape, these fractal objects can serve as so-called, fractal antennas. "These antennas can allow a wider range of radio reception than antennas with more regular knots Similar to when metal particles with an approximate diameter of incident light are arranged on the surface in a fractal-like structure, these fractal surfaces can absorb absorption over a wide optical range (shalaev ν · M., Etc. Human, 131-152 (1998), the full text of which is incorporated herein as a). In this case, the fractal-like structure can be attributed to the number of particles per surface area in this area as the scale of the f-plane area increases. Decreasing consistency. One theory to explain the absorption of these fractal surfaces is to interfere with the dipole moment vibration induced by electromagnetic waves in individual particles. According to a theory, incident photons' induce a field across the particles and thereby cause the flow in the metal The electrons move at the frequency of the incident electromagnetic field. This collective movement is called, plasmon exciter wave, .... A theory is that the collective vibration of electrons should be attributed to the metal particles in the fractal structure. The strong dipole and multipole interaction of the plasma exciton waves in the medium. Because almost any distance and orientation of the metal particle structure can exist in this fractal structure system. -21 · This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 5. Description of the invention (18: A large number of possible " resonant cavities " are formed in this structure. &Quot; Resonant cavities are only used in the specific wavelength group for the incident light wavelength Absorption and / or two; :: cloth door set :: ... substructure can have many different resonance spaces: two; skin. Because nano particles or many different families of emission. So the structure absorption and / hug /, sheep Q this All the temple cavities have the ability to oscillate this fractal structure in a wide range of wavelengths to generate a wide absorption band of this fractal structure. Chemical reduction metal colloid solution, laser burning surface, surface contact engraving, thin boat annealing (only for illustration) Used to generate a fractal-like structure (Wu Guo Patent Application No. / 67M53 in September 测 ㈣ 测 67 67 / 67M53, 2% in September _ Wu Guo Patent Application No. 嶋 69,369, 2001 3 Application for U.S. General Application for Application on March 23 (the title H feels ^ data Pellets Structure Pack-< Substrate Enlargement Analyte Detection ", the inventors, David Z. Kremmer, Olig A_Yi, and Thomas H. Nuffer), and Shale Mining, et al. ( 1998), all of these patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). Typical fractal structures can be obtained by moving away from the equilibrium system to a low energy state. Fractal structures can be generated spontaneously in this system In addition to the bang structure, other particle structures can also lead to enhanced absorption and / or emission properties of the present invention. The following describes the manufacture of particle structures that can be used on the surface of heat pipes or window materials. A. Chemically oriented synthetic particle structures in the present invention In some embodiments, the nanoparticle structure can be manufactured chemically. First, metal particles can be manufactured according to the above method, or shellfish can be purchased from a supplier (NanoGiram Inc., California, Fremont, Fremont California)). Second, it makes the particles a -22-

Fifth, the invention description (19) is combined into a first-order structure, for example, a particle pair. However, at first, they are combined into a secondary structure, for example, a pair of particles. Hunting by the brother-level structure together to produce a third-level broken knot #. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, students can use: learn methods. -Once a row of metal colloidal particles has been manufactured, each particle is bound to the link by a thiol or other type of suitable chemical bond ^: Of course: the linker molecules can be bound to each other 'to link adjacent colloidal particles together. As a function of the distance between particles, the total length of the connected emitters, the stoichiometry of the particles to the linker molecules needs to be selected. If too few linker molecules are used, the particle array is too loose, or cannot be generated at all. Conversely, if the linker molecules The ratio of particles is too high, the array may become too tight, and even non-random crystal structures may be generated. Therefore, the Raman resonance trend is not promoted. Generally, the connection step may be performed sequentially, where the first The steps include adding linker molecules to individual particles under conditions that do not allow the particles to be crosslinked together. By way of example only, these linkers may include oligonuclear acids with reactive groups at one end only. During the first step, The reactive end of the oligomeric acid can be combined with the metal particles, thereby generating the first particle-linker species, and having the freeness of the linker. The linker molecule pair can be selected depending on the number of linker molecules to be bound to the particles. Ratio of particles. A second linker can be bound to another group of particles in a different reaction chamber using a linker with a free end again. A second linker-particle type is generated. After those reactions, different linker-particle types can be mixed, and the linker can be combined together to produce a linker molecule connected by the linker molecule. 530146 V. Description of the invention (2 〇A7 B7

Particle pairs ". For example, Figures 2a to 2c illustrate a method for making the fractal structure of the present invention. In Figure 2a, the 'metal particles 10 are produced by the aforementioned method. The short linker 20 has a chemistry that is also sufficient to bind to the metal particles 10 Active end. For example, the linker has a sulfhydryl group (〃SH〃) at each end of the linker 20. When compounded, the metal particles 10 are combined with the SH end of the linker 20 to form a particle pair 30. Figure 2b The steps that can be used to generate particle-to-cluster. The particle pair 30 reacts with a medium-length linker 40 to form clusters 50. Figure 2c illustrates the steps that can be used to generate nanoscale fractal structures of the present invention. Clusters 50 Reacts with long linker 60 to form nano-scale fractal structures 70 ° Linker molecules can be selected to provide the desired length. Polymers with organic moieties are commonly used. For example, 'Arylic di-thiol or di-iso Nitrile molecules are linked. Alternatively, active moieties that can be used to bind the linker to the metal particles may be used. Ideally, the above types of aryl linkers with nucleic acids or other types of linker molecules are used. The linker may have Central region, where η is a number between 1 and 10,000. Generally, the length ratio of each subsequent linker pair may be in the range of about 2 to about 20. Alternatively, the length of the subsequent linker pair The ratio may be in the range of about 3 to about 10, and in other specific embodiments, about 5. For example, for a three-level process including linking agents 1, 2 and 3 (LI, L2 and L3, respectively), The ratio of 1 ^ 1 丄 2 丄 3 may desirably be in the range of about 1: 2: 4. Alternatively, the ratio may be about 1: 5: 25, and in other specific embodiments, the ratio may be about 1: 20: 400. In other specific embodiments, l 1 and L2 of -24- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297 mm)

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The ratio between L2 and L3 need not be the same. Because in ... the coffee ratio is about 22: 4 to 1:20:40. : Under other conditions, a structure with the required porosity can be manufactured. In general, the fan's structure ... should have an average size in the range of about 20 nanometers to about 10. In selective embodiments, it is greater than 1 Λ about _ nanometer range ^, in other specific embodiments, in the range of about: 200 nanometers' in other specific embodiments, is about 150 nm. Certain applications of the present invention ' may be ideally used with many different particles. Because of & the particle structure of the material can be made in the same reaction with particles having a diameter from about 2q nanometers to about no nanometers. In addition, the shape of the particles was changed 'to obtain improved heat transfer. For example, rod-shaped particles having a ratio of length from about 001 to length to diameter, or, from about 50: 1 to = 5 ′ 1 ′, in other embodiments, about 20: 1 to about 1 〇: 1. In addition to spectral applications (SERS, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, fluorescent light edges, surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and other spectroscopic techniques), fragment-like structures made from metal particles can be used as wide-wavelength filter materials antenna. In addition, these systems can be used in a wide range of heat exchange methods and devices. For example, a variety of materials can be prepared from metal particles arranged in a fractal-like structure. Materials such as $ will have excellent endothermic-emission properties. These films can be used with heat & for heat removal ' and can be combined with a variety of materials for building structures, engine cooling systems, microchip cooling, and space technology. In addition, it can be used as a clothing material for military purposes to blur infrared detection (night vision). Β. Manufacture of nested particle associations -25-: 297 mm)

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V. Description of the invention (22 By selecting the respective A 1 n too + size metal 々: T, rice, 40 nanometers and 240 nanometers diameter sentences ... belong to fruit, grain <colloid, dna ^ 1! ^ F4 ° Plurality of linkers (eg, magic. Granule binding. Manufacturing-Mixture of rice granules = one-to-one binding via I? Derivation to form a first-level nesting and upper-side interaction. DNA flail level one The structure of the fruiting granules includes a large number of large particles, either one of the two second-order particles, or a number of first-order particle structures (for example, a mixture of 240-degree hf first-level particles or second-level particles plus 0 ' D, Wei) Knowing the temperature and then cooling the mixture can produce better two? 10. The system of the report to JL Guzhen, Λ Sheng Wang Wen Jia grade fruit granules, surface with non-seeding particle structure In order to make the heat pipe of the present invention, the heat transfer surface of the warp can be used to conduct conduction: === structure to the surface. In this way, when the structure-attached radiation is emitted from _ magnetic light,- ~ Structure absorption, and can be transferred to the heat pipe. The heat can be transferred along the heat pipe to another location where a colder environment exists. The heat in the tube leaves the heat pipe and enters the surrounding environment. This allows the heat :: · Ming to be used in some specific embodiments of the granule structure. The structure can be attached first: :: Chao Yong The mouth is reinforced with a granular structure to increase the variety of materials. Durability of air-reinforced materials. I. Thermally conductive polymer: 里 Stable polymer capable of transferring heat, for example, with poly- &amp; female or poly-p ratio 530146 each A7 B7 V. Invention Description (23) -based composite materials (for example, from EEONIX). Other composite materials capable of attaching metal particles to metal surfaces are also familiar to us (US Patent No. 5,925,467, the entire text of which is (Incorporated herein by reference). Example 4 Heat Pipe Containing Fragmented Heat Absorbent Figure 3 depicts a portion 10 of a specific embodiment 300 of the present invention, where the heat pipe 105 is similar to that shown in FIG. Structural coverage. The heat sink portion 110 includes a heat pipe 105, a core element 135 with a volatile fluid 130. A portion of the volatile fluid 140 is shown adjacent to the core 135. Around the heat pipe 105 is a thermally conductive polymer layer 145 This layer has metal particles 150 buried therein. Around the thermally conductive polymer layer 145 is a region 160 including a nanoparticle structure. Figure 4 depicts a specific embodiment 400 of the present invention, which has a heat-absorbing end 110 of a heat pipe with Particle structure. The heat pipe 105 has a core element 135, which has a volatile fluid 130 contained therein. The outside of the heat pipe has a thermally conductive polymer layer 145, which has a region of particle structure 160 applied on it. Heat ( Q) The heat absorber portion 110 in the heat pipe is absorbed by the particle structure 160 and is transferred to the heat pipe 105 by the polymer layer 145. The heat evaporates the volatile fluid 130 in the core region 135 to produce an evaporated fluid 140, which flows to the emitting end 120 of the heat pipe. At the emitting end 120 of the heat pipe, the evaporation fluid 140 is condensed to release heat. The liquid flows into the core structure 1 3 5 and returns to the heat-absorbing agent portion 110 of the heat pipe. FIG. 5 depicts a specific embodiment 500 of the present invention, which has a granular structure at both ends of the heat-absorbing end 110 and the emitting end 120 of the heat pipe. In the above figure -27- this paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 530146 A7 B7 5. The same features described in the description of the invention (24) are applied to Figure 5. In addition, a thermally conductive polymer layer 146 surrounds the heat pipe 105 at the emitting end 120. The particle structure layer 161 is applied outside the thermally conductive polymer layer 146. The type of the thermally conductive polymer 146 need not be the same as that of the thermally conductive polymer 145, and the particle structure 161 need not be the same as the particle structure 160. The heat transferred from the absorption end 1 10 of the self-heating tube 5 00 can be transported to the emission end 120. At the emitting end 120, the evaporative fluid 140 can condense and release heat "Q", and the released heat can flow through the thermally conductive polymer layer 146 to the nano-particle structure 161, thereby radiating it. In other specific embodiments of the present invention, The particle structure can be attached directly to the surface of the heat pipe, rather than the thermally conductive polymer interlayer. By way of example only, the particle structure can be attached by lithography. These methods are described in the US patent application filed on March 23, 2001 (which Titled "Amplification of Analyte Detection by Substrates Having Particle Structures With Receptors", the inventor, David I. Kreimer ,? 11.0., Oleg VIII. Evan (0168 VIII. Ya 6 ~ 丨 11)?] 1.0., Thomas 11. 霍夫 (Thomas H. Nufert), all these patents are incorporated by reference in their entirety Included herein. In addition, laser ablation can be used to fabricate granular structures directly on heat pipes. These methods are described in the U.S. patent applications and applications cited above. In some specific embodiments, ideal energy Provide two ends of a heat pipe with fractal aggregates, and their aggregates have different wavelength absorption / emission characteristics. For example, if undesirably high heat is generated inside, you may need to provide a heat pipe with a granular structure or fractal aggregates End, and the granular structure or fractal aggregates have high heat absorption characteristics at longer wavelengths in the space. And at -28- this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm)

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In addition, it may be necessary to provide under this dagger temple red piece with a property that is compatible with dissipative radiation ... a granular structure or a fragmentary aggregate ... IV a window material with fragmentary aggregates ^ In some cases, &gt; The ^ _ a /, κ B In her example, the window material (for example, including Boseong, Shi Jie, plastic, and other materials used for technical purposes ^ L ^…). It is possible to temporarily take the bump k 七, and / or control the fragmentation of the radiation absorption? Κ collective. In order to make such a window, Xinqi # knows that the solution containing the above-mentioned particle structure is applied to the surface by spraying or other liquid distribution methods. It is desirable to provide a gluten solution with an adhesive agent 〇 to promote the particle structure to the mouthpieces and clothes. As described herein, a large number of adhesives can be used to attach the particulate structure. ^ In his case, he / she can use a chemical linking agent to make the particle structure chemically attached to the surface of the window material, for example, using Shi Xiyao, including calling. Fine particles can be prepared by pre-purification, and then a chemical linker (eg, side) can be applied, and then the particle structure can be added to the pre-treated surface. ^ Specific Embodiment 1 in which visible wavelength transmission is required but infrared wavelength transmission is not required The layer should be relatively thin. Within the target range of this technique, the thickness of the solution should be determined according to the composition of the solution to provide the required light transmission. Example 5 Preparation of broken silver aggregates using citrate. 45¾ g of AgN 〇3 (sigma) was dissolved in 250 ml of triple distillation, deionized water, and the solution was stagnate with stirring by a magnetic stirrer. The 1% sodium citrate solution (5 ml) was vigorously stirred one by one. Add the stagnation solution dropwise. Keep the solution boiled for 60 minutes while using a water-cooled condenser to prevent water -29- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)

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Line 530146 V. Description of the invention Loss by evaporation. The resulting silver colloidal solution was kept at m for at least several months in a dark glass bottle. When gas-k silver particles are broken into aggregates, 250 microliters of silver colloidal solution is mixed with 1750 microliters of NaC 丨 (Sigma's ultrapure) aqueous solution to make the final Mi concentration reach 60 millimoles / Rise. Aggregates are formed within minutes and the phase is stable for at least about half an hour. Fractal aggregates are applied to a metal-coated substrate &apos; The fractal aggregates are deposited and then onto a metal surface to form a metal surface derived from the fractal aggregates. Example 6 Preparation of broken silver aggregates using NaBH4 A solution of 5 mmol / L AgNO (3 Sigma) in a triple-distilled, deionized water solution (5 (3 ml)) was stirred under vigorous stirring in a magnetic stirrer Drop dropwise and add 150 liters of ice-cooled, 2 mmol / L NaBH4 (Sigma) solution. Just after that, add 1% polyvinyl alcohol solution (25 ml). Then make the: Boil for 60 minutes, while using a water-cooled condenser to prevent water from being lost by Luofa. Place the silver colloidal solution in a dark glass bottle at 5. Keep it for at least a few weeks. When making the broken aggregates of silver particles, 25 〇µl of silver colloid solution was mixed with 1750µl of NaCl (Sigma Company, ultra-pure) aqueous solution, so that the final concentration of ^ ci reached about 100 millimolars / liter. Aggregates were formed within minutes, and the solution was at least Quite stable for about half an hour. Fractal aggregates are applied to a metal-coated substrate, and the fractal aggregates are deposited and then onto the metal surface to form a metal surface derived from the fractal aggregates. Example 7 -30- present Paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X (297 public love)

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Preparation of crushed gold aggregates from Chuanping Jia bismuth salt Milligram 4 (Sigma Company) was dissolved in 250 millimeters; triple distilled residual, deionized water 'was stirred in a magnetic stirrer to make the solution ㈣. 1% clavulanic acid (5 liters) was added dropwise to the stagnation solution with vigorous stirring. This solution was used to cool the condenser with tap water at 1 o'clock to prevent water from being distilled, and the resulting gold, such as body fluid, was collected in a dark glass bottle at about 50-8. (: Keep it for at least about several weeks. When producing the fractal aggregates of gold particles, mix 2 liters of gold glue 1 ~ 750 microliters (Sigma company, ultra-pure) aqueous solution, so that Nac, 丨: final The trace reaches about 100 millimolars / liter. Aggregates are formed within a few minutes, and 'liquid'. The soil is stable for as little as about half an hour. Fragmented aggregates are applied to a rhenium-coated substrate Deformed aggregates are deposited and then adhered to the metal surface to form metal surfaces derived from fractal aggregates. Example 8 Window with fractal absorbent For example, Figure 6a depicts a perspective view of a specific embodiment of the present invention 600, where The glass sheet 604 has an upper surface 608. A surface 608 is provided with a layer 612 having an adhesive 6 ^ 6 and a fractal aggregate 62. FIG. 讣 depicts a schematic view: a cross-sectional view of a specific embodiment 600, This embodiment has a glass sheet 604 with an upper surface 608. A surface 608 is provided with a layer 612 with an adhesive 616 and a fractal aggregate 62. / Jiang-, Figure 7 depicts the determination of silver flakes on it Light absorption of glass of aggregates, test results. A pre-purified glass was purchased on the market Slide and purify it with isopropyl &quot; T ^ step. It is known that another slide processed in this way is at room temperature (about 22 ° C) -31- 530146 A7

Expose a surface containing saturated diisopropyl alcohol, and wipe the surface with a paper wipe. The released two -π was removed by washing. Another piece of colloidal solution containing crushed silver particles prepared in Example 5 treated with silane was prepared. After 2 :: 2 hours, wash with excess isopropanol, and then remove with excess. About 25 in a spectrophotometer. Nanometer == Long &lt; Range detection light absorption. π unwave In Fig. 7, the wavelength of incident light (expressed in nanometers) is presented on the horizontal axis, and the absorptivity (expressed as optical density) of r-treated and untreated glass is presented on the vertical axis:. Untreated glass (bottom curve) has low optical density at all wavelengths detected. For most wavelengths above about 250 nanometers, the light density is nearly constant and decreases slightly from 250 nanometers to about 850 nanometers. With silicon :: The layer <glass shows slightly higher optical density than untreated glass, but the difference in optical density between untreated and silk silane treated glass is slight. Nonetheless, at the same time there are 2 Shi Xikeng and silver fractals | collectively, most of the detected wavelengths of glass goblets show absorbance. The increase in transmittance (decrease in absorbance) was observed in the wavelength range of about 28 nm to about 35 nm. In this range, the transmittance is close to that of glass or silane-treated glass. Figures 8a-8b depict still other specific embodiments of the invention, in which the particulate structure is embedded in a window material. Fig. 8a depicts a "sandwich" embodiment 800 in which a first sheet of window material 804 has a layer 808, which has a granular structure 812 therein. A second sheet of window material 816 is provided on layer 808 and the dream is completed Sandwich structure. · It can be understood that -32-

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530146 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (29) 804 and 8 12 need not be the same thickness or even the same; Fig. 8b depicts a selective embodiment 802 in which a single sheet of window material 820 has a granular structure 824 distributed throughout the entire sheet of material. It can be easily understood that these "distributed" specific embodiments may include various thicknesses, and in other specific embodiments, multiple layers of π distributed &quot; specific embodiments may be combined to provide a desired radiation absorption performance. It can also be understood that the multilayer structure is within the scope of the present invention, and the variations of the above specific embodiments are within the scope of the present invention. {Column: ¾ mouth, a mixture of particle structures can be provided, and each component of the mixture has different absorption properties. The use of these mixtures can provide a wide range of radiation absorptivity. In some embodiments, a soluble substrate (eg, glue) can be used to make the particle structure accessible to the surface of the transparent material. If the matrix is dissolved in a general solvent 1 such as water, alcohol or ammonia cleaning solution, the granular structure can be removed when the absorption properties of the granular structure are no longer needed. An example of such a soluble adhesive is starch. Alternatively, a less soluble matrix can be used to make the particle structure more persistent to the surface. In another embodiment, one or more of the above insoluble polymers can be used to adhere the particle structure to the surface. In addition, in certain embodiments, the granular structure may be provided in the matrix in the form of a strip of dead lining material that can be applied to the surface of the sheet of window material. These specific embodiments are referred to herein as π window covering materials &quot;. These window covering materials may be provided in large quantities, for example, as rolls with or without release liners. In this context, "release liner" refers to a sheet of material that is weaker and adheres to the adhesive. Therefore, a tape with a granular structure can be protected from the undesired side effects of the adhesive adhering to the inappropriate side of the granular matrix. These releases -33- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm)

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The pads are technically familiar. Fig. 9a depicts a specific embodiment 900 of the present invention, in which a sheet of polymer material 904 has a granular structure 908 and a layer of adhesive 912. A release liner 916 is applied to the adhesive liner 912. In still other embodiments, the window material of the present invention includes a particulate structure and other absorbent materials &apos; such as dyes. These dyes include dyeing materials that are familiar in the art of window making and can impart color and / or polarization properties to the window material. Figure 9b depicts a selective embodiment 902, which is similar to Example 9a and has an additional layer 92o with polarization properties. The specific embodiments described and depicted are for illustration purposes only and should not be used to limit the scope of the invention. A large number of changes in the surface with a granular structure are within the observation range of those familiar with this mask, and all such changes should be included in the scope of the present invention. V. Use of Particle Structures in Analytical Instruments In certain embodiments of the present invention, window materials can be made with granular structures to improve the performance of sample containers used in analytical instruments. Example 1 In Raman spectroscopy, a substrate with an analyte of interest can be exposed to incident electromagnetic radiation, and Raman scattering can produce Raman spectral characteristics. In this case, the characteristic wavelength of the Raman spectrum can be masked by electromagnetic radiation. This "parasitic light" is an analyte with weak Raman spectral characteristics. It may be a problem for sources other than analytes, especially other types of optical detection systems that are endangered by parasitic light, including phase optical elements, fluorescent optical elements, and their G-type detection / analysis using electromagnetic beam preparation. system. In order to overcome the problem of parasitic light, particles can be manufactured in combination with those described herein.建 本本 -34- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 530146 A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (Invention device. By selectively filtering the parasitic light, the signal recognition can be improved. Industrial applications

The granular structure of the present invention is used to manufacture materials having improved absorptivity and emissivity for use in manufacturing heat pipes and windows. The choice of wavelengths that are absorbed and / or transmitted through the window material can be based on the environmental conditions applied on both sides of the window. Improved heat absorption keeps the interior of the structure within the required temperature range. Heat pipes with endothermic and transmissive surfaces can maintain suitable operating conditions for a variety of equipment and spaces, including structures. The particle structure application of the present invention can improve the efficiency of the heat pipe. Binding Line -35- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

530146 AB c D 々 Application scope 1. A heat pipe comprising: a pipe having two ends, an outer surface defining an inner space of the pipe; a plurality of particle structures on the outer surface; and a A material capable of convective heat transfer in the tube. 2. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the patent application scope, further comprising a heat conductor between the pipe and the granular structure. 3. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the patent application scope, further comprising: a core; and a liquid for transferring heat from one end of the pipe to the other end of the pipe. 4. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the particle structure is a fractal structure. 5. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the particle structure is a nested particle structure. 6. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the particle structure includes particles and a chemical linker. 7. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, which further includes a plurality of granular structures. 8. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the particle structure is attached to the pipe by a polymer. 9. The heat pipe according to item 2 of the patent application, wherein the heat conductor is a polymer. 10. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the particle structure has a predetermined electromagnetic emission band. -36- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 530146 AB c D VI. Application scope of patent 11. According to item 4 of the scope of patent application, the heat pipe has a predetermined shape Electromagnetic absorption band. 12. The heat pipe according to item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the fractal structure has a predetermined electromagnetic emission band. 13. The heat pipe according to item 4 of the patent application scope, further comprising a heat conductor between the pipe and the fractal structure. 14. The heat pipe according to item 4 of the patent application scope, further comprising: a core; and a liquid for transferring heat from one end of the pipe to the other end of the pipe. 15. A method for transferring heat from a source body to a radiator, comprising the steps of: providing a tube having: a plurality of particle structures positioned thereon; a heat conducting layer between the plurality of particle structures; A core; and a liquid for transferring heat; exposing the first end of the tube to the heat source; and exposing the second end of the tube to the heat sink. 16. The heat pipe according to item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the particle structure is attached to the outer surface of each end of the tube, and one end is used to absorb electromagnetic radiation in one wavelength range and the other end is used in another wavelength range Emitting electromagnetic radiation. 17. —A kind of window material, including: a transparent material; and a plurality of particle knots with a pre-selected electromagnetic absorption band here-37- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 male) (Centi) 530146 AB c D 6. The scope of patent application. 18. The window material according to claim 17 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the granular structure includes fractal aggregates. 19. The window material according to item 18 of the patent application scope, wherein the particle structure includes silver or gold broken aggregates. 20. The window material according to item 17 of the application, wherein the granular structure is on the surface of the transparent material. 21. The window material according to claim 20, further comprising a matrix for adhering the particles to the transparent material. 22. The window material according to claim 20 of the application, wherein the particles include silver flake aggregates or gold flake aggregates. 23. The window material according to claim 21, wherein the matrix is soluble. 24. The window material according to claim 21, wherein the matrix is insoluble. 25. The window material according to claim 20, wherein the particle structure is adhered to the transparent material by chemical attachment. 26. The window material according to claim 24, wherein the granular structure is attached to the transparent material with a silane. 27. The window material according to claim 20, wherein the particles are on the surface and are in the form of a colloidal solution. 28. A window material comprising: a transparent material; and silver flake aggregates thereon. ， -38- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). Fan Li specially asks for A BCD 9 · —A kind of window material, which includes: a transparent material; and located on it Gold fractal aggregates. 30. According to the scope of the patent application, the system uses a kind of substrate followed by the transparent material in which d silver is aggregated 31: According to the window material of 3 °, the substrate is soluble in 32 sticks; ^ NH ^ Cutting solvent.仏 According to ^^ 8 of item 28 of the scope of the patent application, materials, in which the silver pieces are cut open, are used to attach chemical materials to the transparent material. / Shui Shu, which uses sand to burn the gold pieces. Shaped aggregation where the matrix is soluble where the gold fragments are aggregated. Wherein the silane is used for this particle structure where the particle structure is 33. According to the window material of the 32nd patent application scope, chemical adhesion. According to the 29th patent scope application For the window material, the system uses a substrate to adhere to the transparent material. According to the properties of the window material in the scope of application for item 34. 6. According to the window material in the scope of application for item 34, the system is adhered to the transparent material by chemical adhesion. • The window material according to item 36 of the patent application scope is chemically attached. 38. The window material according to item 20 of the patent scope is applied to the inner surface of the transparent material. It further includes a type which further includes a magazine. Window material according to item 17 of the scope of patent application, dye. 40 · Window material according to item 17 of the scope of patent application, -39- 530146 A8 Polarized material. 41. A method of window-making material, comprising the steps of: providing a sheet of window material; and providing a plurality of particle structures thereon, wherein the wavelength of the particles of about 250 nm to about 85 () nm is intelligent Shoot absorptivity. . The method constructed in 42 · = 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein the window material is a group consisting of glass, plastic and quartz. Item 43. Fragmented aggregates according to the method of item 1 of the scope of patent application. 44. Method according to item 4 丨 of the scope of patent application Gold or silver. Among them, the remote particle structure includes the particle structure including 45. According to the method in the scope of the patent application, the particle structure is buried in the window material.方法 A method for manufacturing a window material, comprising the steps of: providing a first window material layer; applying a matrix layer to the first layer, the matrix layer including a granular structure therein; and providing a second window material on the matrix layer Floor. 47. The method according to item 46 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first and second window material layers are independently selected from the group consisting of glass, quartz and plastic. 48. The method according to item 46 of the patent application, wherein the particle structure includes fractal aggregates. 49. The method according to item 46 of the patent application, wherein the particle structure comprises silver or gold. ___ -40- The meaning of this paper is universal Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) '----- Ij 530146 AB c D 7. Application scope 50. A heat pipe comprising: a pipe having a first end and a second end; and selectively absorbing electromagnetic radiation at the first end and emitting electromagnetic radiation from the second end Radiation device. 51. A window material comprising: a sheet of transparent material; and a device for selectively absorbing electromagnetic radiation associated with the sheet of transparent material. 52. A window covering material comprising: a sheet of polymer material; a plurality of particle structures associated with the sheet; and an adhesive liner. 53. The window covering material according to item 52 of the application, further comprising a release liner. 54. The window covering material according to item 52 of the application, which further includes a dye. 55. The window covering material according to claim 52 of the application, which further comprises a polarizing material. 56. The window covering material according to item 52 of the application, wherein the granular structure includes fractal aggregates. 57. The window covering material according to item 56 of the application, wherein the fractal collective structure includes gold or silver particles. 58. —A kind of window covering material, which includes: a polymer sheet; -41- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) and a plurality of granular structures on it; and The edge piece then goes to the device of the window. A window covering material includes: a polymer sheet; a device for selectively absorbing electromagnetic radiation associated with the polymer sheet; and a device for advancing a remote sheet to the window. A device for optically detecting electromagnetic signals, comprising: a light-transmitting surface; and, a plurality of particle structures associated with the light-transmitting surface, wherein the particle structure selectively absorbs electromagnetic radiation β ^ 61 ·: according to the application For the device with the scope of the patent No. 60, the light-transmitting surface in the frame is selected from the group consisting of slope glass, quartz or plastic. 62. The device according to item 60 of the patent application, wherein the granular structure comprises a flat aggregate. 63 According to the device of the scope of application for patent No. 62, the fractal aggregates in the frame include silver or gold. 64. The window material according to item% of the scope of the patent application, wherein the silane is dibenzyl sulphuric acid. According to the application of the 30th window material of the patent scope, the substrate is Yi -42-