TW527530B - Toner and image forming apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

In a toner T of the present invention, the liberated mother particle ratio is set to be 10% or less and the liberated silica particle ratio is set to be 0.2-10%, thereby reducing the possibility that the liberated mother particles 18' and the mother particles 18 with silica particles 19 therein will be fused on toner-contact members such as a latent image carrier, a toner carrier, and a toner regulating member, and thus effectively preventing the filming of toner T. Therefore, according to the toner T of the present invention, the durability of the toner-contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner regulating member can be improved. In addition, a large quantity of heat for heat fixing can be prevented from being consumed by the silica particles 19 because the amount of silica particles 19 is suitably set, and heat can be hardly transferred to mother particles 18 having a low melting point because the mother particles 18 are coated with a desired amount of silica particles 19. Therefore, the low-temperature fixing property can be improved.

Description

527530 A7 B7_____ V. Description of the invention (彳) Background of the invention (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) The present invention is about the majority of particles and the majority of particles of additives such as silicon dioxide. A toner for an electrostatic latent image on an image latent image carrier, and an image forming apparatus using the toner to form an image. In particular, the present invention uses at least a large number of particles of silicon dioxide as an external additive to prevent carbon powder from forming a film on a toner contact member that comes into contact with the toner, such as a latent image carrier, a toner carrier, and a toner restricting member. To improve the durability of the toner contact member, at the same time, the toner capable of performing low-temperature fixation and the image forming apparatus using the toner can be well performed. In addition, the present invention is an external additive using at least a large number of titanium oxide particles or a large amount of carbon powder of carbon powder, a carbon powder capable of stably charging the carbon powder, and an image forming apparatus using the carbon powder. In an image forming apparatus using toner, an electrostatic latent image on a latent image carrier is developed with toner, and the developed image is transcribed on a transcription material such as paper, and an exposure latent image is formed on the transcription material. A transcription image of the electrostatic latent image on the carrier, and then the transcription image is fixed to form an image. One example of such a conventional image forming apparatus printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics is a full-color intermediate copy type image forming apparatus shown in FIG. In this image forming apparatus 1, an image is exposed as an electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor 2 of a latent image carrier. At the same time, the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor 2 is yellow, magenta, cyan, and black. The magnetic component developers 3, 4, 5, and 6 are sequentially developed (the order of each color is arbitrary) and visualized. Furthermore, the developed image on the photoreceptor 2 is adjusted in color on the intermediate transcription belt 7a of the intermediate transcription type 7. After one copy, it is copied on the secondary copy roller 8a of the scribe 8 twice. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). 527530 A7 B7___ 5. Description of the invention (2) After that, the transcription material 9 such as paper or the like can be heated and fixed by the fixing device 10 to obtain a desired image on the transcription material 9. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) Furthermore, the developed image is copied on the intermediate copy belt 7a and the 'remaining toner T remaining on the photoreceptor 2 > is removed by the cleaning plate 1 1' and recovered. In residual toner cartridge 1 2. Also, although it is not shown in the figure, similarly, once the primary transcription image on the intermediate transcription belt 7 a is duplicated on the transcription material 9, the residual toner remaining on the intermediate transcription belt 7 a is also cleaned. The plate is removed and recovered in the residual toner cartridge. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Each non-magnetic component developer 3, 4, 5, 6 has substantially the same structure, and is a contact-development developer in which the conductive developing roller 16 and the photoreceptor 2 come into contact. These developing devices 3, 4, 5, and 6 are respectively conveyed to the carbon of the toner supply means by the toner transfer means 14 as shown in FIG. 2 (a). The toner supply roller 15 is further supplied with the toner T to the developing roller 16 by the toner supply roller 15 and held on the surface of the developing roller 16. The developing roller 16 is applied with an AC bias overlapping developing voltage, and at the same time, the developing roller 16 is rotated at a high speed, and the toner T on the developing roller 16 is pressed against the toner on the surface of the developing roller 16 The toner restricting plate 17 of the restricting member is restricted to a uniform thin layer 'while being uniformly charged. After that, the toner T on the developing roller 16 is uniformly transported to the photoreceptor 2 in contact with the developing roller 16 and the developing roller 16 is caused to be developed by a developing voltage applied to the developing roller 16 The particles of the toner T are moved on the photoreceptor 2, and the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor 2 is developed by the toner. Moreover, non-magnetic components developed using conductive developing rollers 16 _______- ^ 5-= --- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210x297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) In the method, there is also a non-contact development method in which the developing roller 16 and the photoreceptor 2 are separated. In the development of the non-contact developing method, a developing voltage is applied to the developing roller 16 to make the particles of the toner T on the developing roller 16 jump to the photoreceptor 2 and the electrostatic potential on the photoreceptor 2 is developed by the developing voltage. The image is developed with toner T jump. In such a conventional non-magnetic component developing device 1, the toner T adheres to the toner contact members of the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, and the photoreceptor 2 that come into contact with the toner, or floats. The external additive is formed from carbon powder. As a result, defective transport of the toner T by the developing roller 16, defective restriction of the toner restricting plate 17, and defective development of the photoreceptor 2 occur, and the image quality deteriorates. In addition, if the particles of the toner T are not uniformly charged, similarly, the toner T is poorly transported by the developing roller 16 and the photoreceptor 2 is poorly developed, which causes the same problems as described above. Therefore, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the mother particles 18 of the toner T printed by the consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Resin-shaped Economy are covered with external additives 19 to deal with these problems. . In addition, the diameter of the additive 19 is set to be extremely small compared to the diameter of the mother particle 18. In addition, in the heating and fixing by the fixing device 10, in order to enable the fixing at a low temperature, the toner τ is conventionally used as a mother particle 18 having a low softening point which is relatively soft at normal temperature. On the other hand, in the conventional non-magnetic component developing device 1, in order to prevent the formation of a film, the external additive 19 adds at least silicon dioxide (S i 0 2) 19. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) ^ 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Also, the non-magnetic components in the conventional In the developing device 1, in order to stabilize the chargeability of the used toner T, a titanium oxide (Tio2) is added to the external additive 19 shown in FIG. 2 (b) as a chargeability adjusting agent, and 19 ° is further added. In the conventional non-magnetic component developing device 1, in order to stabilize the charging property of the used toner T, the photoreceptor 2 is cleaned at the same time as a chargeability adjusting agent and a cleaning material as shown in FIG. 2 (b). The external additive 19 additionally added alumina (A 1 2 03). In particular, the conventional color toner is almost a combination of such silicon dioxide and titanium. However, although the aforementioned carbon powder T is mixed with the mother particle 18 and the external additive 19, the external additive 19 is attached to the mother particle 18, in fact, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), they are mutually The attached mother particles 18 and the external additive 19 (also, the reference number 18 is the same as described above, and is used in the parent consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to print the particles themselves and the mother particles attached with the external additive, and The reference numeral 19 is the same as the above, and one of the external additive itself and the additive attached to the mother particle is used), the free mother particle 1 8 / without the external additive 19 and the mother particle 18 is not attached. Free external additive 1 9 > A state of mixing. However, especially in the mother particles 18 having a low softening point, the mother particles 18 are relatively soft. If the free mother particles 1 8 > increase in the toner T, the free mother particles 1 8 > adhere to the foregoing. It is easy to form a film on the toner contact member, reducing the durability of the toner contact member. Therefore, although it may be considered to increase the amount of the external additive 19, reduce the size of the book & apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ~ 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5) The amount of particles 1 8 >, but in the case of using silicon dioxide (S 10 2) 19 as the external additive 19, if pure silicon dioxide 19 is mostly used, the mother particles 18 are relatively soft, Silicon 19 is easily buried in the mother particle 18. Once the silicon dioxide 19 is buried in the mother particles 18, even if the silicon dioxide 19 is intentionally covered with the mother particles 1 8 'Similarly, the toner T adheres to the toner contact member' easily forms a film 'and reduces the toner Durability of contact members. In addition, as the amount of silicon dioxide 19 increased, the amount of free external additive 19 / increased, and the amount of free silicon dioxide 19 / increased, and free silicon dioxide 19 was easily deposited on the toner contact member. In addition, silicon dioxide 19 increases. When heating and fixing, not only the majority of the heat is taken away by the silicon dioxide 19, but the mother particles 18 are covered by the majority of the silicon dioxide 19, and the heat is not easily transmitted to The mother particles 18 have a problem that the deterioration of the low-temperature fixability easily occurs. Furthermore, the mother particles 18 are covered with silicon dioxide 19, the release g of the release agent is hindered, and there is a problem that the fixability is deteriorated. Further, as the external additive 19, titanium oxide 19 is used (in addition, reference numeral 18 is used as described above, and one of the mother particle itself and mother particles to which titanium oxide 19 is attached is used. Also, reference numeral 19 is the same as above. Carbon dioxide T, which is one of titanium oxide itself and titanium oxide attached to mother particles, is also used, although titanium oxide 19 is attached to mother particles 18 by mixing the mother particles 18 and titanium oxide 19, etc. As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the upper part becomes mother particles 18 and titanium oxide 19 attached to each other, free mother particles 1 8 without titanium oxide attached 9, and non-attached-=-9- = ---— This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Clothing. Order Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) In a state where the free titanium oxide 1 9 of the mother particle 18 is mixed. However, the number of free mother particles 1 8 / in the toner T increases, and this free mother particles 1 8 / cause overcharge and cause poor development. Therefore, although it is conceivable to increase the amount of titanium oxide 19 to reduce the amount of free mother particles 18 /, simply using a large amount of titanium oxide 19 reduces the charge, causing image defects and toner scattering. In addition, as the number of titanium oxides 19 increases, the number of free titanium oxides 19 / also increases, and the amount of free titanium oxides 9 / adheres to the carbon powder contact member 'easily forms a film. Furthermore, as the external additive 19, alumina 1 9 is used. (In addition, the reference numeral 18 is used in the same way as described above, and one of the parent particles to which the alumina 19 is attached, and the reference numeral 19 is also used in the alumina itself and to be attached to the mother as in the above. One of the particles of alumina) is carbon powder T, although the alumina 19 is attached to the mother particle 18 by mixing the mother particle 18 with the alumina 19, etc., as shown in FIG. 2 (b). As a rule, the mother particles 18 and alumina 1 9 and 9 that have become attached to each other are printed by the consumer property cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. rH The work of the detached daughters is accompanied by the change of the state and the change of the first child v. The good mother 8 does not leave 1. The shadow swimmers have a low granularity and fall into the mother ’s hair. Add powder to add carbon, N 9 地 00 1—_ 1 general before extinction Granular oxygen is like a mother. Lixu is a test, but this is possible. Although there are many, 1 aluminum oxide on the aluminum structure contacts and dissociates with powder, and carbon is changing. Attached 9 \ IX cn > Oxygen but away, the amount of this is. Multi-membrane 8 becomes 1 is also easy 9 content (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

This paper size is applicable. National National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) In addition, alumina 1 9 with toner charge adjustment function is changed. Its chargeability deteriorates. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) On the other hand, carbon powders are polymerized carbon powders produced by the polymerization method or pulverized powders that are made by pulverization and are spheroidized by heat treatment. The true roundness of the mother particles of the toner is as large as 0.95 or more, and it is formed into a very spherical shape. Especially in the low softening point mother particles 18, the true circularity of the mother particles 18 is large, the mother particles 18 are deformed, and the residual toner T remaining on the photoreceptor 2 and the intermediate copy belt 2a after copying —The mother particle 1 8 is squeezed between the cleaning plate 11 and the photoreceptor 2 or between the cleaning plate 11 and the intermediate transcription belt 7 a without being removed. The plate cleanliness deteriorates and adheres to the photoreceptor 2 And the middle copy the belt 7 a to produce a film. Therefore, the durability of the photoreceptor 2 and the intermediate copy belt 7a of the toner contact member is reduced. In addition, as the number of free external additives 1 9 in the toner T increases, the mother particles 18 are not easily covered by the external additives 19, and the mother particles 18 adhere to the aforementioned toner contact members as described above. It is easy to form a film. At the same time, there are a lot of free external additives 19 / adhered to the toner contact member, and it is easy to form a film, which reduces the durability of the toner contact member. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Moreover, the developers 3, 4, 5, and 6 are easily contaminated by many free external additives 19 /, especially the development roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17. The charging member for charging the toner T is provided with a free external additive 19 > attached cap, so that the toner T is not easy to be charged, and the charging property of T is reduced. Furthermore, if the free external additive 19 / too little in the toner T, the mother particles 18 are covered by a lot of external additives 19, so when heating and fixing, not only a lot of heat is taken away by the external additives 19 The heat is not easy to be transmitted to the mother paper. The national standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) -10- 527530 A7 __ _B7_ V. Description of the invention (8) Particles 18, causing low-temperature fixability Deterioration, and further, the release of the release agent is hindered, and there is a problem that the fixability is deteriorated. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) Furthermore, the external additives are buried in the mother particles', and the low melting point components of the mother particles contaminate the toner contact members. Furthermore, if the free external additive 19 / is too small in the toner T, the cleaning effect of the toner contact members such as the photoreceptor 2 and the intermediate transcription belt 7a of the free external additive 19 / cannot be sufficiently obtained. Furthermore, in general, many particles having a particle diameter of about 1 · 5 // m or more are mixed in the mother particle 18, and the smaller the particle size becomes, the lower the roundness of the mother particle 18 is. This is due to problems in the production of the toner T, such as a pulverization method. In this way, the roundness of the mother particle 18 becomes low, and not only the external additive 19 will not be easily adhered to the mother particle 18 (for example, a sharp part), but the small external additive 19 will enter the mother particle 1 In the recessed part of 8, the effect of the external additive 19 cannot be fully obtained. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. If there are too many free mother particles 18 / in the toner T, the free mother particles 18 / will not only easily adhere to the toner contact members. For the mother particles 18, the Because the adhesion amount of the additive 19 becomes low, the mother particles 18, which are not free mother particles 18/18, are also easy to adhere to the toner contact member, and the mother particles 18 are attached to the toner contact member, and it is easy to form a film on the aforementioned toner. The contact member may reduce the durability of the toner contact member. In particular, among the mother particles 18 having a low softening point, the mother particles 18 are relatively soft, and therefore are easy to adhere to the toner contact member, and are easy to form a film on the toner contact member. In addition, the more the mother particles 18 attached to the toner contact member are the mother particles 18 of the fine particles, the more difficult it is to remove, and the easier it is to form a film on the toner contact member. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Invention description (9) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Further, the titanium oxide is strong due to silicon dioxide The charging of the 18 'carbon powder adhered to the mother particles is not uniform, and the uniformity of the charging deteriorates. It is considered that titanium oxide is not easily moved due to silicon dioxide, and the uniformity of charging is deteriorated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon powder using at least one of silicon dioxide and titanium oxide particles as an external additive, which can effectively suppress carbon powder in a toner carrier, a toner restricting member, and a latent image carrier. The contact member is formed into a film, which improves the durability of the toner contact member and the toner which improves the chargeability of the toner, and an image forming device using the toner. It is another object of the present invention to provide a toner that prevents film formation on the toner contact member, and that can achieve better low-temperature fixing toner and an image forming apparatus using the toner. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon powder capable of stabilizing the chargeability of carbon powder using at least titanium oxide as an external additive, and an image forming apparatus using the carbon powder. The consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has printed this invention. Another further purpose is to provide: an external additive using at least alumina carbon powder can stabilize the charging property of the carbon powder. At the same time, it can effectively clean the latent image carrier. Toner, and image forming device using the toner. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a toner that can obtain the cleaning effect of the carbon powder contact member due to the free external additive even if the true circularity of the mother particles is large, and an image forming apparatus using the toner. The purpose of the invention is to provide: even outside the mother particles of fine particles: ____ 12 2 —-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ~ 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (10) ( Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) Additives can also adhere as uniformly as possible, more effectively suppressing the formation of toner on the toner carrier, toner restricting member, and toner contact members of the latent image carrier. And an image forming apparatus using the toner. An object of the present invention is to provide a toner that suppresses the formation of toner contact members such as a toner carrier, a toner restricting member, and a latent image carrier. Moreover, it is possible to improve the uniformity of the charging of the toner, and to use the toner. Image forming device. In order to achieve the above object, the carbon powder of the present invention is a carbon powder having at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of particles of silicon dioxide. At 10% or less, at the same time, the silicon dioxide free ratio of free silicon dioxide without free silicon dioxide attached to the aforementioned mother particles is set to 0.2 to 10% 〇 ', and the carbon powder of the present invention is characterized in that : The surface of the aforementioned silicon dioxide is surface-treated by HMD S treatment. Further, the carbon powder of the present invention is a carbon powder having at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of titanium oxide particles, and is characterized in that titanium is not assimilated when printed by the consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Under the sun, the oxygen particles take the agent. Add 5% of the mother, add 9% of the titanium, and add 5% of the number. Outside ~ ο More oxygen ο 2 2 3 away from the child · in the game tool ο determine the number of round mother in the set to the true description of the fixed rate F0 species Previously set the ions from the oxygen π to the rate of the W system particle ionizer 5 ° powder mother attached to the particles ~ carbon, there are agents mother and mother? The son did not add. Bright grain: Tianziqian G hair agent is the outer grain in the mother of Benjiazheng, Tim special agent away from the attachment and its addition rate has a chance to enter, Tianzhi has a few powder outside Titanium and carbon are suitable for the standard of Chinese paper (CNS) A4 (210'〆297mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11) 'The carbon powder of the present invention is characterized by the foregoing: The external additive is silicon dioxide. Furthermore, the carbon powder of the present invention is characterized in that the aforementioned mother particles at this time are pulverized carbon powder produced by a pulverization method. Further, the carbon powder of the present invention is a carbon powder having at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of external additive particles, and a mother particle having a true circularity of 0.95 or more. The free external additive free ratio is set to 3 to 10%. Further, the carbon powder of the present invention is characterized in that the aforementioned external additive is silicon dioxide. Further, the carbon powder of the present invention is characterized in that the aforementioned mother particles are polymerized carbon powder manufactured by a polymerization method, or smashed spherical carbon powder processed by a spheroidization method manufactured by a pulverization method. Furthermore, the carbon powder of the present invention is a carbon powder having at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of external additive particles, characterized in that the mother particle free ratio of the free mother particles to which the external additives are not attached is set to 15% or less Meanwhile, among the aforementioned mother particles, the true circularity of mother particles of minute particles having a particle diameter of 1 · 5 ~ 2 · 5 // m is set at 0.85 ~ 0 · 95. Further, the carbon powder of the present invention is characterized in that the aforementioned external additive is silicon dioxide. Further, the carbon powder of the present invention is a carbon powder having at least a plurality of mother particles and a plurality of external additive particles, characterized in that the external additive includes at least particles of silicon dioxide and titanium oxide, and the silicon dioxide is The absolute deviation of the synchronization distribution of the particles is set to be smaller than the absolute deviation of the synchronization distribution of the titanium oxide to the mother particles. On the other hand, the image forming apparatus of the present invention is characterized by having at least the paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), τ Ministry of Economy Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperative 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (12) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Prepare a latent image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image; A toner carrier for an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier, and a developer by which the toner carrier restricts at least the toner restricting member of the toner transported to the aforementioned latent image carrier, the aforementioned toner is the aforementioned carbon of the present invention powder. In the carbon powder of the present invention thus constituted, the mother particle free ratio is set to 10% or less, and the silicon dioxide free ratio is set to 0.2 to 10%. Thereby, the amount of the free mother particles and the free silica is set to an appropriate amount for the entire amount of the toner. With this, the amount of silicon dioxide adhering to the mother particles can be appropriately reduced, so that the mother particles covered by the free mother particles, the free silicon dioxide, and the silicon dioxide are buried in the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, And the toner contact member such as the toner restricting member can effectively suppress the film formation of the toner. Therefore, according to the toner according to the present invention, the durability of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member can be improved, and the image quality can be improved. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In the toner of the present invention, the free mother particles and free silicon dioxide are set to an appropriate amount, and the silicon dioxide adhering to the mother particles becomes an appropriate amount. Therefore, when heating and fixing, most of the heat will not be taken away by the silicon dioxide, and the mother particles are covered by the specified amount of silicon dioxide, and the surface of the mother particles with low melting point will not be excessively exposed. Therefore, according to the present invention, The toner can prevent film formation on the toner contact member while improving low-temperature fixability.

Furthermore, in the carbon powder of the present invention, the surface of the silicon dioxide is surface-treated by HMD S treatment, so the carbon powder is hydrophobic, and thus the hydrophobicity can improve the flowability of the carbon powder of the powder. The effect prevents toner T. This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 527530 A7 _ B7 V. Film formation of the invention description (13). (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) In the carbon powder of the present invention, the mother particle free ratio is set to 30% or less, and the free titanium oxide free ratio is set to 5% or less. As a result, the amount of free mother particles and free titanium oxide is set to an appropriate amount for the entire carbon powder. Therefore, the amount of titanium oxide adhering to the mother particles becomes appropriate, preventing excessive charge of the free mother particles, and carbon can be made. The powder is stable in chargeability, can prevent the scattering of toner, and can perform good development, and can obtain high-quality images. Furthermore, in the carbon powder of the present invention, the amount of titanium oxide adhering to the mother particles becomes appropriate, which can reduce the adhesion of free mother particles, free silicon dioxide, and mother particles covered with titanium oxide to the latent image carrier, The toner carrier and the toner contact member such as the toner restricting member can effectively suppress the formation of toner. Therefore, according to the toner according to the present invention, the durability of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member can be improved, and at the same time, the image quality can be improved. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Further, in the carbon powder of the present invention, the mother particle free ratio is set to 30% or less, and the alumina free ratio of the free alumina is set to 0 · 2 ~ 5% or less. As a result, the free mother particles and free alumina are set to an appropriate amount for the entire amount of the toner, so that the charging property of the toner is stable, at the same time, an excessive coverage is prevented, and the latent image carrier is effectively cleaned. Furthermore, in the carbon powder of the present invention, since the amount of free alumina is set to an appropriate amount, the amount of alumina attached to the mother particles becomes appropriate, and the coverage of the free mother particles, free alumina, and alumina is reduced. Buried masterbatch The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Toner contact members such as a carrier, a toner carrier, and a toner restricting member can effectively suppress the formation of toner. Therefore, the toner of the present invention can improve the durability of the toner contact member of the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member, and can also improve the image quality. Furthermore, in the toner of the present invention, the true circularity of the mother particles is set to 0.95 or less, and the external additive free ratio is set to 0.2 to 5%. As a result, the mother particles are not too rounded (spherical), and the toner cannot be easily squeezed through the cleaning plate after copying. The cleaning toner can reliably remove the residual toner after copying. Therefore, the film formation of the toner contact member can be suppressed, and the durability of the toner contact member cleaned by the cleaning plate can be improved. Furthermore, in the toner of the present invention, the free external additive is added to the entire amount of the toner. It is set to an appropriate amount. Therefore, the mother particles are effectively covered by the external additive, and the mother particles are not easy to adhere to the carbon powder contact member to form a film. At the same time, there are many free external additives, and this free external additive is not easy to occur. A film is formed on the toner contact member. Therefore, the durability of the toner contact member is improved. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Moreover, in the toner of the present invention, it is not easy to contaminate the inside of the developer due to free external additives, especially the toner carrier and toner restricting members in the developer. Toner charged components are not easily covered by external additives. Therefore, the toner is easy to be properly charged, and the charging property of the toner can be improved. Therefore, in the toner of the present invention, the durability of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member can be improved. At the same time, the chargeability of the toner can be improved, and the image quality can be improved. it is good. The size of this paper is applicable. National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -17 ^ 527530 A7 B7 ____ V. Description of Invention (15) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Further, in this paper In the toner of the invention, the mother particles are effectively covered by the external additives. When heating and fixing, the heat is not likely to be taken away by the external additives, which can effectively transfer the heat to the mother particles and improve the low-temperature fixability. The release agent of the toner can be released more appropriately, and good fixability can be obtained. Further, in the toner of the present invention, even if the external additive is buried in the mother particles, the reason that the mother particles are effectively covered by the external additive 'can prevent the low-melting-point component of the mother particles from contaminating the toner contact member. Furthermore, in the carbon powder of the present invention, the true circularity of the mother particles is 0.95 or more, and the external additive free ratio is set to 3 to 10%. As a result, mother particles such as polymerized carbon powder produced by a polymerization method or pulverization method, and spheroidized carbon powder subjected to a spheroidization treatment by heat treatment or the like are formed into a carbon powder that is very close to a spherical shape, and is free. Because the external additive is set to an appropriate amount for the entire toner, even this type of toner can sufficiently obtain the cleaning effect of the toner contact members such as the photoreceptor starting from the free external additive, which can improve the cleaning performance. characteristic. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Further, in the toner of the present invention, as described above, the free external additive is set to an appropriate amount, so that the external additive can be effectively covered, and the melting of the mother particles can be suppressed A film is formed on the toner contact member. Therefore, as with the toner according to the present invention, the durability of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member can be improved, and a good day quality can be obtained. Further, in the toner according to the present invention, In the mother particle free ratio is set to 15% or less, and the mother paper size of the small particles with a particle size of 1 · 5 ~ 2 · 5 // m applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 27530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (16) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The roundness of the particles is set to 0.885 ~ 0.95. As a result, in carbon powder with a mother particle free ratio of 15% or less, the true roundness of the mother particles of the fine particles is set to a higher value. Therefore, the melting of the free mother particles in the latent image carrier and carbon can be reduced. The powder contact member and the toner contact member such as the toner restricting member can also make the external additive adhere to the mother particles of the fine particles more uniformly, and can also effectively reduce the mother particles of the fine particles from melting on the toner contact member. This can effectively suppress the film formation of the toner contact member. Therefore, according to the toner according to this example, the durability of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member can be improved, and at the same time, good image quality can be obtained for a longer period of time. In particular, as for the carbon powder according to the present invention, the external additive uses silicon dioxide, and because the silicon dioxide adhering to the mother particles is an appropriate amount, it can be suppressed that most of the heat is caused by the silicon dioxide during heating and fixing. Take away, and the mother particles are covered with a specified amount of silicon dioxide, which can suppress the overexposure of the surface of the mother particles with a low melting point. Therefore, by using the toner, it is possible to prevent the film from contacting the member while forming a low temperature. Good fixability. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Further, in the toner of the present invention, the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of sand dioxide to the mother particles is set to be smaller than the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of titanium oxide to the mother particles. Therefore, by suppressing the formation of silicon dioxide, it is possible to effectively suppress the film formation of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member. In addition, the dispersion of titanium oxide subjected to the charging adjustment is larger than the dispersion of silicon dioxide, and it is in a state where it is easy to move. With this, the titanium oxide can more uniformly charge the carbon powder. In this way, if the toner according to the present invention is used, it can prevent the toner from contacting the film formation of the component, and at the same time, the paper can be upgraded to the standard of China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210'〆297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Invention Note (17) The uniformity of the toner charging. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) On the other hand, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, as described above, the use of free mother particles and free silicon dioxide is set to an appropriate amount of toner. , Can improve the durability of the toner contact member of the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member, and at the same time, can obtain good image quality. In addition, since the surface of the mother particle having a low melting point is not easily exposed, the image forming apparatus of the present invention can prevent the film formation of toner on the toner contact member, and has good low-temperature fixability. Furthermore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, as described above, by using free mother particles and free titanium oxide, the amount of carbon powder is set to an appropriate amount of carbon powder, which can effectively suppress the formation of carbon powder. It can improve the durability of the toner contact members of the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member, and at the same time, can obtain good image quality. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Further, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, as described above, by using free mother particles and free alumina, the total amount of toner is set to an appropriate amount of toner, Can effectively clean the latent image carrier. In addition, since the film formation of the toner can be effectively suppressed, the durability of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member can be improved, and at the same time, good image quality can be obtained. Furthermore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, by using a toner whose true circularity is set to 0. 95 or less and the external additive free ratio is set to 0. 2 to 5%, the latent image can be improved. The durability of the toner contact members such as the carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member can achieve good image quality. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X1297 mm) 527530 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (18) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Further, in the image forming device of the present invention In the use of carbon powder whose mother roundness is set to 0.95 or more and the external additive free rate is set to 3 to 10%, the latent image carrier, toner carrier, and toner can be improved. The durability of the toner-contacting member such as the restricting member can achieve good image quality. Furthermore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the roundness setting of mother particles of fine particles having a particle diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 // m is set by using the mother particle free ratio to be 15% or less. The toner of 0.85 to 0.95 can improve the durability of the toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner restricting member, and at the same time, can obtain good image quality. In addition, the surface of the mother particle with a low melting point is not easy to be exposed, and heat is not easily transmitted to the mother particle with a low melting point. The image forming device of the present invention can prevent the film formation of the toner on the toner contact member, and can also Obtain good low temperature fixability. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Further, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of mother particles by using silicon dioxide is set smaller than the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of mother particles by titanium oxide The toner can prevent the film formation of the toner contact member in the image forming apparatus, and the toner can be charged more uniformly, so good image quality can be obtained. Other embodiments and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. The present invention includes structural features, combinations of components, and arrangements of components. · ----- This paper size is applicable. National National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (19) The description of suitable embodiments is described below using drawings An embodiment of the present invention. The image forming apparatus according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as the image forming apparatus 1 shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively. Therefore, the operation of the image forming apparatus 1 in this example at the time of image formation is also the same as the conventional example. An example of the toner powder of the present invention using the image forming apparatus 1 in this example will be described. In the carbon powder of this example, the mother particle 18 is formed of a low-softening point resin that is soft at normal temperature, and at least the silicon dioxide 19 is used as the external additive 19. In addition, the free mother particle 1 8 / mother particle free ratio without the mother particle of silicon dioxide 19 attached is set to 10% or less. This mother particle free ratio is a percentage of the amount of free mother particles 18 / to the total amount of the toner. In addition, the free silicon dioxide 19 / silicon dioxide free ratio without the silicon dioxide attached to the mother particles 18 is set to 0.2 to 10%. The silicon dioxide free ratio is a percentage of the amount of free silicon dioxide of the toner as a whole. Further, the surface of the silicon dioxide 19 series is surface-treated by Η M D S treatment, and is hydrophobic, thereby improving the fluidity and chargeability of the carbon powder of the powder through the hydrophobicity. Further, the flow softening point of the mother particles 18 of the toner T is preferably 100 t to 120 ° C. If the flow softening point of this series of mother particles 18 is less than 100 ° C, the toner T will gradually dissolve in the toner contact members such as the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, and the photoreceptor 2. Even if it is as small as practical, there is no problem in practical use, but it is better not to be smaller than it. Moreover, if the flow softening point of the master particle 18 is greater than 120 ° C, the paper size for low-temperature fixed paper shall apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), ·! * Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 527530 A7 _____ B7 V. Description of the invention (20) The film has gradually become bad. Although this flow softening point is practically no problem even to a certain extent, but It's better not to be bigger. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) In order to obtain the above-mentioned free ratio of mother particles and silicon dioxide, we know that free silicon dioxide that does not adhere to mother particles 1 8 of silicon dioxide 1 9 / In terms of the amount, there is no silicon dioxide 19 attached. The free mother particles 1 8 of the mother particles / and the mother particles 18 attached to the silicon dioxide 19 need to be analyzed in terms of the amount of the mother particles 18 and the silicon dioxide 19 Attachment state, the toner analysis method has several methods that can be performed conventionally. In the image forming apparatus 1 of this example, the following particle analysis method is used, for example. That is, in the image forming apparatus 1 of this example, the method of analyzing the adhesion state of the mother particles 18 of the toner T and the external additive 19 is adopted at the annual meeting of the Electrophotographic Society (a total of 95 times), "Japan Hardcopy, 97 "Proceedings," Evaluation Methods for New External Additives-Toner Analysis by Particle Analysis "'Suzuki Toshiyuki, Takao Sakao, Sponsored by the Electrophotographic Society, Toner Revealed on July 9 ~ 11, 1997 Analytical method (P τ 1 OO) This toner analysis method is printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs by attaching a surface of a mother particle 18 formed of resin (c) with silicon dioxide ( si〇2) The particles of the carbon powder T formed by adding the addition agent 19 to the plasma are introduced into the plasma, and the excited carbon powder τ particles' are obtained as shown in FIG. 3 (a) and (b) with this excitation. Luminescence spectroscopy 'to perform element analysis. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis of the emission spectrum shows the time axis. First, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the carbon powder τ particles attached with the external additive (Sio2) to the resin mother particles (c) of the carbon powder τ are introduced into the plasma, and the mother paper is Standards are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (21〇 < 297 public directors) 527530 A7 __________B7 V. Description of invention (21) (Read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Sub (C) and outside All the additives (s, 02) emit light. At this time, since the mother particles (C) and the external additive (sio2) are introduced into the plasma at the same time, the mother particles (C) and the external additive (Sio2) emit light at the same time. In this way, when the mother particle t (C) and the external additive (sio2) emit light simultaneously, it is called that the mother particle (C) and the external additive (sio2) are synchronized. In other words, the state in which the mother particle (C) is synchronized with the external additive (sio2) means the state in which the external additive (Sio2) is attached to the mother particle (C). Furthermore, as shown in Fig. (B), the mother particle (C) and the external additive (Sio2) free from the mother particle (C) are introduced into the plasma without the external additive CS i〇2) attached. The situation is the same as above. Although both the mother particle (C) and the external additive (Sio2) emit light, at this time, the mother particle (C) and the external additive (Si02) are introduced into the plasma at different times. The reason is that the mother particle (C) and the external additive (si02) emit light at different times (for example, if the mother particle is introduced into the plasma earlier than the external additive, the mother particle emits light first, and then the external additive delays light emission). This is printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The situation where the parent particles (C) and the external additive (Sio2) emit light at different times with each other is called the parent particle (C) and the external additive (S i (2) There is no synchronization (ie, asynchronous). In other words, the non-synchronized state of the mother particle (C) and the external additive (Sio2) means a state where the external additive (Sio2) is not attached to the mother particle (C), and the mother particle and the external additive are free mother particles, respectively. Particles and free external additives. Furthermore, in FIGS. 3 (a) and (b), although the height of the light emission signal indicates the intensity of the light emission, the intensity of the light emission is related to the number of atoms of the element (C, Si02) contained in the particles. It is proportional to the size of the paper instead of particles. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -24- 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (22) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this Page) size or shape. Here, in order to express the luminous intensity of the element as the size of the particles, as shown in FIG. 4, when the luminescence of the mother particles (C) and the external additive (Sio2) is obtained, it is assumed that only these mother particles are used. The true spherical particles formed by (C) and the external additive (S i ◦ 2) are expressed as the particle diameters of these mother particles (C) and the external additive (Si0 2). The true spherical particles at this time are called equivalent particles, and the particle diameter is called equivalent particle diameter. In addition, because the external additive is very small, it is impossible to detect the particles one by one, and the luminescence signals of the external additives detected are combined and converted into one equivalent particle for analysis. In this way, the equivalent particle diameters of the equivalent particles obtained from the emission spectra of the mother particles and the external additives are plotted with each particle of the carbon powder T, and the equivalent particle size distribution of the carbon powder particles shown in FIG. 5 can be obtained. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs In Figure 5, the horizontal axis represents the equivalent particle size of the parent particles (C), and the vertical axis represents the equivalent particle size of the external additive (Sio2). The equivalent particle system on the horizontal axis represents the non-synchronized mother particle (C) without the external additive (S i ◦ 2) attached. In this case, mother particles (C) adhering to additives other than the specified additive concentration are also shown on this horizontal axis as non-synchronized mother particles (C). In addition, the equivalent particles on the vertical axis represent non-synchronized external additives (sio2) released from the mother particles (C). Further, the equivalent particles not on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis represent the synchronized toner T of the mother particles (C) to which the external additive (Sio2) is attached. In this way, the adhesion state of the external additive (sio2) to the mother particles (C) of the toner T was analyzed. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, using the __-_25 ___-- _ of the toner particles shown in FIG. 5 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (23) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Equivalent particle size distribution diagram, using the least square method to obtain an approximate straight line α passing through the origin to represent the mother particles of toner T The state of the carbon (c) and the external additive (Sio2). The slope of the approximate straight line α (equivalent particle size of the external additive / equivalent particle size of the mother particle) Θ represents the concentration of the (synchronous) external additive (Sio2) attached to the mother particle (C). That is, the smaller the slope 0, the smaller the amount of the external synchronization additive (Sio2), and the larger the slope Θ, the larger the amount of the external synchronization additive (Sio2). Further, in the present invention, the state of attachment of the external additive (S i 0 2) to the mother particles (C) of the toner T is analyzed from the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the toner particles shown in FIG. The mother particle free rate and the silicon dioxide free rate are obtained. In the present invention, although the toner analysis method may use a conventional toner analysis method other than the aforementioned particle analysis method, using the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the toner particles shown in FIG. 5 allows For more accurate and simpler toner analysis, it is better to use particle analysis methods. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The toner T in this example can be either of the negative polarity or the positive polarity. The mother particles 18 are added with at least a colorant, a charge control agent, and other resins, and further, a dispersant, a release agent (WAX), a magnetic material, and other additives may be appropriately added. The master particle 18 is a master particle material that is relatively soft and has a low softening point at room temperature. Mixed polystyrene and copolymers can be used, such as added hydrogen styrene resin, styrene isobutylene copolymer, ABS resin, ASA resin, AS Resins, AAS resins, ACS resins, AES resins, styrene P, chlorostyrene, Greek copolymers, styrene acryl propylene copolymerization This paper is sized for China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X297 mm) 527530 A7 ___B7 _ V. Description of the invention (25) The charge control agent can use an electron-accepting organic complex, chlorinated polyesters, nitrophenolic acid, and a fourth-order ammonia salt. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page.) Polypropylene paraffin, polyethylene paraffin, and ester paraffin can be used as the release agent. As the dispersant, metal alkaloid, polyethylene glycol, and the like can be used. Other additives can use zinc stearate, zinc oxide, hafnium oxide, etc. Magnetic agents can use metal powders such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, M η, Zn, etc., Fe304, Fe203, Metal oxides such as Cr203, ferrites, alloys containing manganese and acid, etc., which are ferromagnetic by heat treatment, may be pre-treated with a coupling agent or the like. In addition, using these, general The pulverization method, the spray-drying method, and the polymerization method are mixed to prepare a mother particle 18. The external additive printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 19 can be used in addition to silicon dioxide alone. Sand dioxide such as alumina, titanium oxide, titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, magnesium oxide, oxide Particles of metal oxides such as chromium, particles of nitrides such as silicon nitride, particles of carbides such as silicon carbide, particles of metal salts such as calcium sulfate, palladium sulfate, and calcium carbonate, and inorganic particles of these composites And one or more of organic fine particles such as propylene fine particles. In addition to these surface treatment agents, in addition to H D M S, silane-based coupling agents, titanate-based coupling agents, fluorine-containing silane coupling agents, silicone oil, and the like can also be used. From the viewpoints of the oil-transporting and charging properties of the particle diameter of the external additive 19, 0_00 1 to 1 / zm is preferable. This & "Zhang scale is applicable to Chinese national standard (0 milk) 8 4 specifications (210 father 297 mm) 527530 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (24) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Wisdom of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative printed materials, styrene butadiene bridging polymer, styrene butadiene chlorinated fluorene copolymer, styrene allyl alcohol copolymer, styrene butadiene rubber latex, styrene malay Acid ester copolymers, styrene isobutylene copolymers, styrene anhydrous maleic acid copolymers, propylene resins or metapropylene resins and their copolymers, styrene acrylic resins and copolymers thereof, such as styrene thanene Copolymer, Styrene Diethylamino Ethylene Propylene Copolymer, Styrene Butadiene Acrylate Copolymer, Styrene Ethyl Methane Polypropylene Storage Copolymer, Styrene η Butyl Polypropylene Copolymer, Styrene A Propylene propylene n-butyl propylene copolymer, styrene methyl propylene butyl aryl N-(ethoxymethyl) propylene amino compound copolymer, styrene aminoacetic acid propylene copolymer, styrene Diene dimethylaminoethyl vinyl propylene copolymer, styrene acrylate maleate copolymer, styrene methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl copolymer, styrene n-butyl propylene ethyl glycol Polypropylene copolymer, styrene η butyl propylene acrylic copolymer, styrene η butyl propylene anhydrous maleic acid copolymer, styrene butyl isopropyl maleic acid half ester divinylbenzene copolymer, Polyesters and copolymers thereof, polyethylenes and copolymers thereof, epoxy resins, silicone resins, polypropylenes and copolymers thereof, fluorine resins, polyurethane resins, polyethylene ethanol resins, polyurethane resins, poly One or two or more kinds of vinyl butyral resin, etc. As the colorant, carbon black, alcohol black, nigrosine, red dandan, triaminotriphenylmethane, cation, dioxane, Copper-titanium cyanine, perylene, azo-based, gold-containing azo pigment, azo-chromium composite, magenta-based, benzidine-based, s 〇1 arv 丨 ewye 1 丨 0 w _ gg, Kui Nepal, Indanthrene Blue, Sulfa derivatives, etc. This 7's scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) M specification (21〇 × 297 public director)-527530 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (26) The aforementioned master particles 18 and external additives 19 are used as ~ > Small mixers, high speed flow mixers such as /-4 and mechanization (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Dry mixing methods such as learning methods are used to make them adhere. If so In the toner T of this example, the mother particle free ratio is set to 10% or less, and at the same time, the silicon dioxide free ratio is set to 0.2 to 10%, so the free mother particle 1 8 and the free two particles can be set. The amount of silicon oxide 1 9 per toner T is set to an appropriate amount. Thereby, since the amount of the silicon dioxide 19 attached to the mother particle 18 becomes appropriate, the free mother particle 18 /, the free silicon dioxide 19 /, and the silicon dioxide 19 can be reduced. The buried mother particles 18 [especially, low-melting resin and release agent (WAX)] are melted on the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16, and the toner restricting plate 17 to effectively suppress the formation of toner. . Therefore, according to the toner T according to this example, the durability of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 can be improved, and at the same time, the image quality can be improved. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Furthermore, it is possible to set the silicon dioxide 19 to an appropriate amount, which can prevent most of the heat from being taken away by the silicon dioxide 19 during heating and fixing. Because the mother particles 18 are covered with a specified amount of silicon dioxide 19, heat is not easily transmitted to the mother particles 19 having a low melting point. Therefore, according to the toner T of this example, it is possible to improve the low-temperature fixability while preventing the film formation of the toner T on the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17. Furthermore, because the surface of the silicon dioxide 19 is surface-treated by HDMS treatment, the toner T is hydrophobic. By virtue of the hydrophobicity, the paper size can be improved to comply with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). ) -29- 527530 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (27) The fluidity of the powder toner can more effectively prevent the aforementioned film formation of the toner T. On the other hand, by using the toner T according to the image forming apparatus 1 of the present invention, the durability of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 can be improved, and at the same time, good durability can be obtained. Quality. In addition, since heat is not easily transmitted to the mother particles 18 having a low melting point, the image forming apparatus 1 according to this example can prevent the toner from melting on the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 1 7 Moreover, good low-temperature fixability can be obtained at the same time. Actually, regarding the toners of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the toners of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 for comparison with those of Examples 1 to 3, the toner is applied to the photoreceptor 2 and the developing roller 16. , And a measurement experiment of film formation of the toner restricting plate 17. Table 1 shows the carbon powder used in this measurement experiment and the external treatment conditions and experimental results. In addition, the evaluation method of the experimental results is that the number of printed sheets is up to 10K (1K to 1,000), and no toner T is formed on any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17. At the time of film evaluation, it was evaluated as good, and toner was generated on any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner regulating plate 17 until the number of printed sheets reached 1 OK (1K = 1 000). When T was formed into a film, it was evaluated as bad. As shown in Table 1, the mother particles 18 used in the carbon powders belonging to Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the comparative examples 1 to 3 not belonging to the present invention were pulverized carbon powders, and the external additives 19 were used. Silicon dioxide (Si02). This silicon dioxide is TG 8 1 0G (made from burdock water 7). And, (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page); Binding-The size of the paper used in the book is applicable. National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -30-527530 A7 A_B7__ V. Invention Explanation (28) External addition conditions In any of the examples, the device used for the addition treatment of the parent particles 18 and silicon dioxide is ~ シ 工 / 1/2 0 C (manufactured by Sannami Mining), external addition treatment The number of rotations of the used device was 2 850 rpm, and the processing amount was 1.0 weight part. Further, the external addition treatment time was 4 minutes in Example 1, 6 minutes in Example 2, 3 minutes in Example 3, 1 minute in Comparative Example 1, 2 minutes in Comparative Example 2, and 10 minutes in Comparative Example 3. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

、 1T Printed by the Consumer Property Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is printed in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (29 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs £ Comparative Example 3 1 1 1 10 minutes CS1 < 〇 < X Comparative Example 2 i 1 1 1 2 minutes P r -Η csi oo XX CO Comparative Example 1 1 1 1 1 1 minute un CO 11.2 XXX 1K Example below 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 minutes oo a; oo VO 〇〇〇〇〇 &Example; 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 minutes CNl to CO 〇〇〇〇〇 rH Example 1 pulverized carbon powder TG810G (made by Niu Zhongbu) '' シ シ 工 / 1 / 20C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining) 2850rpm 1.0 weight part clock oo 〇〇〇〇 using mother particles using silicon dioxide (external additive) using the device rotation number processing amount processing time mother particle free rate% dioxide Silicon free rate% Photoreceptor film formation, toner limiter film formation, development roller film formation, and the number of printed sheets can be added. The result is bound (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 ____ B7___ V. Description of the invention (30) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Further, the free ratio (%) of the mother particles is 7 in Example 1 · 7%, Example 2 was 5.2%, Example 3 was 9.8%, Comparative Example 1 was 13.5%, Comparative Example 2 was 11.0%, Comparative Example 3 was 3.2% Meanwhile, the silicon dioxide free ratio is 2.8% in Example 1, 0.3% in Example 2, 6.8% in Example 3, 1 1.2% in Comparative Example 1, and 2 in Comparative Example 2. 8 · 2%, Comparative Example 3 is 0 · 1%. 0 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. It can be clearly understood from Table 1 that in each of the toners T of Examples 1 to 3, The number of printed sheets was 10 K sheets, and no film formation of toner T was generated at any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16, and the toner restricting plate 17. Further, good results were obtained. In the toner T of Comparative Example 1, the number of printed sheets was 1 K or less, and a film of toner T was formed at any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17, and it was impossible. Get the ideal As a result, in the toner T of Comparative Example 2, the number of printed sheets was 3 K, and film formation did not occur on the photoreceptor 2, but film formation occurred on the toner restricting plate 17 and the developing roller 16. Get unsatisfactory results. Furthermore, in the toner T of Comparative Example 3, the number of printed sheets was 5 K. Although film formation did not occur on the photoreceptor 2, some film formation occurred on the toner restricting plate 17 and the developing roller 1 6 Film formation, with undesirable results. Therefore, it is known that the free ratio of mother particles is set to 10% or less, and the free ratio of sand dioxide is set to 0.2 to 10%, and it is known that the film can be effectively suppressed. In addition, the toner and the image forming apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the aforementioned paper size application. National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 527530 Μ ______ Β7 ___ V. Description of the Invention (31) (Please read first Note on the back page, please fill in this page) For example, as long as it is a toner τ with at least mother particles and silicon dioxide and an image forming device using this toner τ, it can be applied to any toner and image forming device. Next, other examples of the toner of the present invention will be described. In this example, the toner 18 has a mother particle 18 made of a resin having a low softening point which is soft at normal temperature. At the same time, at least titanium oxide 19 is used as an external additive. In addition, the free mother particle 18 / free mother particle free ratio without the mother particles of titanium oxide 19 attached was set to 30% or less. This mother particle free ratio is a percentage of the amount of free mother particles 1 8 to the total amount of toner. In addition, the titanium oxide free titanium oxide 9 which does not adhere to the mother particles 18 > has a titanium oxide free ratio of 5% or less. This titanium oxide free ratio is a percentage of the amount of free titanium oxide 1 9 to the total amount of carbon powder. Furthermore, the surface of the titanium oxide 19 series is surface-treated with a silane coupling agent and has hydrophobicity. By virtue of the hydrophobicity, the environmental stability, fluidity, and chargeability of the carbon powder of the powder can be improved. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The flow softening point of the mother particle 18 of the toner T is preferably 100 ° C ~ 120 ° C. If the flow softening point of this series of mother particles 18 is smaller than 100 ° C, the toner T is easy to gradually dissolve in the toner contact members of the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, and the photoreceptor 2. Even if it is as small as possible, it is practically no problem, but it is no smaller than it. Moreover, if the flow softening point of the mother particles 18 is greater than 120 ° C, the low-temperature fixability gradually becomes poor, and even to a certain extent, although there is no problem in practical use, it is not better than it. In order to obtain the above-mentioned free ratio of mother particles and titanium oxide, it is necessary to know the free titanium oxide without titanium oxide attached to the mother particles. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau 527530 A7 _B7 _ V. Amount of invention description (32) 1 9 >, free mother particles 1 8 without mother particles with titanium oxide 1 9 / and titanium oxide 19 with The amount of mother particles 18. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the adhesion state of the mother particles 18 and titanium oxide 19. The carbon powder analysis method in the carbon powder T of this example is the same as the carbon powder T of the previous example, and a particle analysis method is used. Further, in the present invention, the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder particles of titanium oxide (Tio2), which is the same as the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder particles shown in FIG. 5, is obtained, whereby The equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder, based on the adhesion state of titanium oxide to the mother particles (C) of the analyzed carbon powder T, the mother particle free ratio and the titanium oxide free ratio are obtained. The carbon powder T in this example is the same as the carbon powder T in the previous example, and may be any polarity carbon powder of negative polarity and positive polarity. The mother particles 18 are added with at least a colorant, a charge control agent, and other resins. Further, a dispersant, a release agent (WAX), a magnetic material, other additives, and the like may be appropriately added. Moreover, the mother particles 18 of the toner T used in this example, a colorant, a charge control agent, a release agent, a dispersant, an additive, and a magnetic agent are the mother particle materials and coloring used in the toner T of the foregoing example, respectively. Agents, charge control agents, release agents, dispersants, additives, and magnetic agents. Then, the mother particles 18 are produced in the same manner as the method for producing the mother particles 18 of the toner T of the aforementioned example. The external additive 19 may be titanium oxide alone, and titanium oxide may be mixed with, for example, silicon dioxide, fine particles of metal oxide, fine particles of nitride, fine particles of carbide, Gold paper size is applicable. National National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) Neck clothing (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 527530 A7 __B7 V. Description of the invention (33) (Please read first Note on the back page, please fill in this page again) Use fine particles of salt type, inorganic fine particles such as these complexes, and organic fine particles. These surface treatment agents may be the same as the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and the particle size of the external additive 19 is the same as that of the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and the range is from 0 · 〇0 1 to 1 // hi Better. These mother particles 18 and the external additive 19 are similar to the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and are dry-mixed by a mixer to adhere them. According to the carbon powder T of this example configured as described above, the mother particle free ratio is set to 30% or less, and at the same time, the titanium oxide free ratio is set to 5% or less, the free mother particles 1 8 / and the free titanium oxide 1 9 > The total amount of toner T can be set to an appropriate amount. As a result, the amount of titanium oxide 19 attached to the mother particles 18 becomes appropriate, preventing overcharge of the free mother particles 1 8 > can stabilize the chargeability of the toner T and prevent the toner The scattering of T, meanwhile, can carry out good development, and can obtain good quality images. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Furthermore, the surface of the titanium oxide 19 is treated with a silane coupling agent. The toner T is hydrophobic. By virtue of the hydrophobicity, the toner flow of powder can be improved It can prevent the film formation of the carbon powder T more effectively. On the other hand, as with the image forming apparatus 1 according to the present invention, by using this toner T, the durability of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 can be improved, and at the same time, good durability can be obtained. Day quality. Actually, each of the toners of Examples 4 and 5 of the present invention was compared with each of the toners of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 used in the comparison of these Examples 4 and 5 to conduct a charge measurement experiment. The toner used in this measurement experiment and the external dimensions of the paper are applicable. National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -30-527530 A7 V. Description of the invention (34) The physical conditions and experimental results are shown In Table 2. In addition, the evaluation method of the experimental results is to evaluate the amount of toner covered with powdered carbon and the amount of electricity after printing 1K (1K 2 1 0 0) sheets (please read the precautions on the back before filling out) (This page)-Binding and ordering Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is printed in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (35) Employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Consumer Cooperatives Comparative Example 5 i 1 1 1 1 2 minutes CO 〇 < CN1 ΙΟ ON ri VO o CNI CO H Comparative Example 4 1 丄 1 1 minute 35.2 cn rH 〇 \ CO wS Example 5 1 1 1 1 3 minutes 27.2 CO rH VO H 窆 Example 4 Crushing carbon powder TG810G (manufactured by Niu Nakabu) NKT90 (manufactured by Japan Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 'yshiko / i / 2〇c (manufactured by Mitsui Mining) 2850rpm 1.0 weight 24.6 minutes 4 minutes 丨 CN. Id r—H CO OO using mother particles using silicon dioxide using ytterbium oxide using device rotation number processing amount processing time mother particle free ratio% titanium oxide free ratio% initial charge // c / Charge after g IK / zc / g Coverage after IK g / lK Plus condition results (please read the note and then fill in the back of this page)

This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 ____B7_ V. Description of the invention (36) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) As shown in Table 2, it belongs to this standard Each of the carbon powders of Examples 4 and 5 of the invention, and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 not belonging to the present invention used the mother particles 18 as pulverized carbon powder, and the external additives 19 used silicon dioxide and titanium oxide. In this case, a silicon dioxide system T G 8 1 0 G (made by Niu Qiu Qiu Bu), and a titanium oxide system NG TK 9 0 (Japan 7 Gongkou, A). In addition, the external addition conditions are that the device used in addition to the mother particle 18, silicon dioxide and titanium oxide is 20 ° C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining), and the number of rotations of the device used in external addition is At 2850 rpm, the throughput was 0.5 parts by weight. Further, the external addition treatment time was 4 minutes in Example 4 series, 3 minutes in Example 5, 1 minute in Comparative Example 4, and 2 minutes in Comparative Example 5. Furthermore, the free ratio (%) of the mother particles was 24.6% in Example 4, 27.2% in Example 5, 35.2% in Comparative Example 4, and 29.3% in Comparative Example 5. Meanwhile, the titanium oxide free ratio was 1.0% in Example 4, 4.2% in Example 5, 7.6% in Comparative Example 4, and 5.6% in Comparative Example 5. Furthermore, the initial charge amount is 15 · 2 # c / g in Example 4, 16 · 3 // c / g in Example 5, and Printing Example 4 of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Comparative Economy is 16. 3 // c / g, Comparative Example 5 is 1 4. 9 // c / g 〇 As can be clearly seen from Table 2, in the toner T of Example 4, the toner charge amount after printing 1 K sheets is 16 · 1 // c / g, although the initial charge amount increases slightly, there is almost no change, and a good result with stable chargeability can be obtained. In addition, in the toner T of Example 5, after 1 K printing The toner T charge is 15 · 6 μ c / g, although the Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) is applicable than the original paper size. 527530 A7 B7 V. The description of the invention (37) period charge is slightly Reduction 'but almost no change, and similarly good results with stable chargeability can be obtained. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) In contrast, in the toner T of Comparative Example 4, the toner charge after printing at 1 K is 1 0. 9 // c / g, The initial charge amount was reduced a lot, and there was a relatively large change, which resulted in unsatisfactory results of unstable chargeability. In addition, in the toner T of Comparative Example 5, the toner charge amount after 1 K printing was 1 0 · 6 // c / g, which is much less than the initial charge amount, and has a relatively large change. Similarly, an unsatisfactory result of unstable chargeability is obtained. Furthermore, in the toner T of Example 4, the toner coverage after printing at 1 K was 8. 2 g / 1 K, and relatively good results were obtained. In addition, the toner T of Example 5 In the 1 K print, the toner coverage was 9.0 g / 1 K, and similarly good results were obtained relatively little. In contrast, in the toner T of Comparative Example 4, the toner coverage after printing at 1 K was 15.3 g / 1 K, and a relatively large and unsatisfactory result was obtained. Moreover, in Comparative Example 5 In the toner T, the toner coverage after printing at 1 K is 1 3 · 2 g / 1 K, which is a relatively large and unsatisfactory result. Therefore, the mother particle ionization rate is set below 30%, and at the same time, the titanium ion ionization rate printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Oxidation and Economics is set below 5%. It is known that the chargeability of carbon powder can be stabilized. The toner and the image forming apparatus are not limited to the aforementioned examples, as long as the toner T having at least mother particles and silicon dioxide and the image forming apparatus using the toner T can be applied to any toner and image forming Device. Next, other examples of the toner of the present invention will be described. The toner T in this example is applicable to the China Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 527530 A7 ________B7___ V. Description of the invention (38) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The master 1 particle 18 is formed of a resin having a low softening point which is soft at normal temperature, and at least an alumina 19 is used as an external additive. In addition, the free mother particle 18 / free mother particle free ratio of the mother particle not having the oxidized crystal 19 was set to 30% or less. This mother particle free ratio is a percentage of the amount of free mother particles 1 8 > to the total amount of toner. In addition, the free alumina 19 / alumina free ratio of the alumina that does not adhere to the mother particles 18 is set to 0. 2 to 5% or less. The alumina free ratio is a percentage of the amount of free alumina 1 9 to the total amount of the carbon powder. The flow softening point of the mother particles 18 of the toner T is preferably 100 ° C to 120 ° C. If the flow softening point of this series of primary particles 18 is smaller than 100 ° C, the toner T is easy to gradually dissolve on the developing roller 16, the toner I5, the plate 1, and the photoreceptor 2 and the toner contact. Although the components are as small as possible, they are practically no problem, but they are no smaller than them. In addition, if the flow softening point of the mother particle 18 is greater than 120 ° C, the low-temperature fixability is gradually deteriorated, and even to a certain extent, there is no problem in practical use, but it is preferably not greater than this. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs In order to obtain the above-mentioned free ratio of mother particles and alumina free ratio, it is necessary to know the amount of free alumina 1 9 > that is not attached to the mother particles 18 and not attached. Amount of free mother particles 18 of mother particles of alumina 19 and mother particles 18 of alumina 19 attached. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the adhesion state of the mother particles 18 and the alumina 19. The carbon powder analysis method in the carbon powder T of this example is the same as the carbon powder T of the foregoing example, and a particle analysis method is used. Moreover, in the present invention, the paper size applicable to the toner particles shown in FIG. 5 is calculated. National National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (39 ) The effective particle size distribution diagram is the same as the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder particles of alumina. From this, the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder is based on the mother particle (C ). The mother particle free ratio and the alumina free ratio were obtained. The carbon powder T in this example is the same as the carbon powder T in the previous example, and may be any polarity carbon powder of negative polarity and positive polarity. The mother particles 18 are added with at least a colorant, a charge control agent, and other resins. Further, a dispersant, a release agent (WAX), a magnetic material, other additives, and the like may be appropriately added. Moreover, the mother particles 18 of the toner T used in this example, a colorant, a charge control agent, a release agent, a dispersant, an additive, and a magnetic agent are the mother particle materials and coloring used in the toner T of the foregoing example, respectively. Agents, charge control agents, release agents, dispersants, additives, and magnetic agents. Then, the mother particles 18 are produced in the same manner as the method for producing the mother particles 18 of the toner T of the aforementioned example. The external additive 19 is not only alumina, but also alumina may be mixed with silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, or fine particles of metal oxides, fine particles of nitrides, or carbides of the same carbon powder T as the foregoing example. One or more kinds of inorganic fine particles such as fine particles, fine particles of metal salts, and composites of these, and organic fine particles are used. These surface treatment agents may be the same as the carbon powder T of the above-mentioned example, and the particle size of the external additive 19 is the same as that of the carbon powder T of the above-mentioned example, and 0.001 to 1 // m Better. These mother particles 18 and external additives 19 are the same as the toner of the previous example. The paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ·

Printed by 1T Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the Invention (40) T Similarly, dry-mix by a mixer to make it adhere. According to the toner T of this example configured in this way, the mother particle free ratio is set to 30% or less, and at the same time, the alumina free ratio is set to 0.2 to 5% or less, the free mother particles 1 8 > The alumina 1 9 / total amount of the toner T can be set to an appropriate amount. Therefore, the amount of alumina as an external additive can be set to an appropriate amount, the charging property of the toner can be stabilized, and the cleaning of the photoreceptor 2 can be effectively performed. In addition, by setting the free mother particles 1 8 / and the free alumina 19 / to an appropriate amount, the amount of the alumina 19 that is attached to the mother particles 18 can also be appropriate, and the free mother particles 1 can be reduced. 8 /, free alumina 19 /, and mother particles 18 buried in alumina 19 [especially, low-melting resin and release agent (WAX)] are melted on the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16, And the toner restricting plate 17 can effectively inhibit the formation of toner. Therefore, according to the toner T of this example, the durability of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 can be improved, and at the same time, the image quality can be improved. On the other hand, like the image forming apparatus 1 according to the present invention, by using the toner of the present invention, the latent image carrier can be effectively cleaned. Moreover, by using this toner T, the durability of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 can be improved, and at the same time, good image quality can be obtained. Actually, the measurement of the amount of charge was performed on each of the carbon powders of Examples 6 to 8 of the present invention and each of the carbon powders of Comparative Examples 6 to 8 for comparison with these Examples 6 to 8. The toner and external processing used in this measurement experiment are applicable for this paper. National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Binding (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)- 43-'/, 3〇A7 ^^ B7 V. Description of the invention (41) The conditions and experimental results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, the evaluation method of the experimental results is to evaluate the charge amount of the toner, the amount of toner coverage, and the occurrence of film formation on the photoreceptor 2 after printing of 1 K (1 K = 1000) sheets. As shown in Table 3, each of the carbon 'powders belonging to Examples 6 to 8 of the present invention and each of the carbon powders not belonging to Comparative Examples 6 to 8 of the present invention use mother particles 18 as pulverized carbon powder. The external additive 9 series uses silica and alumina. In this case, the silicon dioxide is .TG 8 1 0 G ((Niu Jiuqiu, manufactured by Bu), and the alumina is alumina C (manufactured by Japan 7 Gongkou ---------- 丨 (Please first Read the notes on the back and then fill out this page) and add the second silicon well and the second 8 and 1 (1 C son ο grain 2 mother 71 / in the work system, and \ for the use of the silicon dioxide) Place the second outside of the installation, and arrange m P Γ 〇 05 8 2 is the installation of several rotations. Use 咅 {量 之 重 彐 one-to-one to remove 5 places. The reason is to add 8 examples ^ ^ add examples in addition, compare, divide by clock, enter 6 minutes is divided into minutes, divided by another example, the actual clock in the division 3, compared with the example is applied 6 examples, compared Clock ratio: minutes, clock 4 is divided into squares 8 5 Yiwei, 1T Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employees Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-4 4 This paper is applicable. National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (42 Printed sm by Employee Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Comparative Example 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 minutes CO »— (\ 1 < υη cn 1 < 12.8 oo vd 〇X Comparative Example 7 1 1 1 2 minutes 1-H CO OO τ—H r—H i ~ 1 r—H CNl 06 〇〇 Comparative Example 4 1 1 1 1 i 1 minute 40.6 CNI oo 〇 \ CN | 〇 < oo VO X 〇〇〇㈣㈣ M 1 1 3 minutes 28.3 CN) OO 14.4 p 〇 Example 7 1 1 1 i 1 6 minutes VO 〇〇V i un CO! I MD r—H 〇 Example 6 pulverized carbon powder TG810G (manufactured by Niu Zhongbu) oxidized gold C (Japan 7 Gongkou, Li 1 / manufactured), yoshiko, 20C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining) 2850iipm 0. Road measurement department 4 minutes 23.5 CNI CO CO r——i υη ο 〇 Use of mother particles, use of silicon dioxide, use of alumina, use of equipment, number of rotations, processing capacity, processing time, mother particle free ratio,% of oxidizing oxide, and initial charge, // c / g, IK Back Charge / zc / g IK Coverage g / lK Photoreceptor Film Formation Poor Cleanness External Condition Results Hu Ling: X Hu 鎞 > ίν: 〇 (Please read the notes on the back-4 items before filling in · — — Write this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 OX 297 mm) -46 527530 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (43) Furthermore, the free ratio (%) of the mother particles was 23.5% in Example 6, 18.5% in Example 7, and 28.3% in Example 8. On the other hand, Comparative Example 6 was 40. · 6%, Comparative Example 7 was 3 2 · 1%, and Comparative Example 8 was 12. 3%. Furthermore, the alumina free ratio was 3.2% in Example 6, 0.5% in Example 7, and 4.2% in Example 8. On the other hand, Comparative Example 6 was 8.2% and Comparative Example 7. It is 4 · 8%, Comparative Example 8 is 0.1%. Further, the initial charge amount is 1 · 4/3 // c / g in Example 6, and 1 · 5/3 // c / g in Example 7 is implemented. Example 8 is 1 4. 8 // c / g; On the other hand, Comparative Example 6 is 1 3. 9 // c / g, Comparative Example 7 is 1 5 · 1 // c / g, and Comparative Example 8 is 1 3 · 4 // c / g. As can be clearly understood from Table 3, in the toner T of Example 6, the toner charge amount after printing 1 K sheets is 14. 1 // c / g. Although the initial charge amount is slightly reduced, there is almost no change. Good results with stable charging performance were obtained. In addition, in the toner T of Example 7, the toner charge after printing at 1 K was 1 4 · 6 // c / g, although it was more charged than the initial charge. The amount is slightly reduced, but there is almost no change. Similarly, a good result with stable charging performance can be obtained. Furthermore, in the toner T of Example 8, the toner τ charge after 1K printing is 14 _ 8 / / c / g, which is the same as the initial charge amount, has no change, and similarly, a good result with stable chargeability can be obtained. In contrast, in the toner T of Comparative Example 6, the toner charge amount after printing at 1 K is 9.2 // c / g, which is a lot less than the initial charge amount. This paper standard applies Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

1. 1T printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by the cooperative 527530 A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (44) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) There are relatively large changes, and the unsatisfactory charging characteristics are not ideal. As a result, in the toner T of Comparative Example 7, the toner charge amount after printing at 1 K was 1 1. 1 // c / g, which was much less than the initial charge amount, and there was a relatively large change. Similarly, an unsatisfactory result of unstable charging performance was obtained. In the toner T of Comparative Example 8, the toner charge amount after printing at 1 K was 12.8 μc / g, which was the same as that of Example 7. The charge amount is slightly reduced from the initial stage, but there is almost no change, and a good result with stable chargeability can be obtained. Furthermore, in the toner T of Example 6, the toner coverage after printing at 1 K was 6.5 g / 1 K, and relatively good results were obtained. Moreover, in the toner T of Example 7, In 1 K, the toner coverage after printing was 5.4 g / 1 K. Similarly, relatively good results were obtained. Furthermore, in the toner T of Example 8, after 1 K printing, The toner coverage was 7.0 g / 1 K, and similarly good results were obtained relatively little. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In the toner T of Comparative Example 6, the toner coverage after printing at 1 K is 16 · 8 g / 1 K, which is relatively large. The ideal result is that, in the toner T of Comparative Example 7, the toner coverage after printing at 1 K is 8 · 2 g / 1 K, and a relatively small ideal result is obtained. Furthermore, the toner T of Example 8 In 1K, the toner coverage after printing is 6.8 g / 1 K, which is a relatively small ideal result. Further, in each of the toner powders of Examples 6 to 8 and each of the toners of Comparative Examples 7 and 8, film formation on the photoreceptor 2 after printing of 1 K sheets was not achieved ', and good results were obtained. In contrast, in the toner T of Comparative Example 6, a film was formed on the photoreceptor 2 after 1 K sheets of printing, and the paper size was obtained regardless of the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 527530 A7 ____B7_ 5. Explanation of the Invention (45) The desired result. (Please read the precautions on the reverse side before filling out this page.) Furthermore, in each of the toners T of Examples 6 to 8 and the toners of Comparative Examples g and 7, no cleaning occurs after printing 1 K sheets. Bad, good results can be obtained. On the other hand, in the toner τ of Comparative Example 8, after 1 K sheets were printed, cleaning failure occurred, and ideal results could not be obtained. Therefore, the mother particle free ratio was set to 30% or less, and at the same time, alumina Setting the ionization rate to 0.2 to 5% or less can stabilize the charging property of the toner, prevent excessive coverage, and improve the cleanliness of the photoreceptor 2. In addition, the toner and the image forming apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the foregoing examples, as long as the toner T having at least mother particles and silicon dioxide and the image forming apparatus using the toner T can be applied to any Toner and image forming device. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Next, another example of the toner of the present invention will be described. The toner T in this example is formed of a large number of mother particles 18 formed of a resin having a low softening point at room temperature and a plurality of external additives 19 coated with silicon dioxide and the like. In this case, in the carbon powder T whose mother particles have a roundness of 0. 95 or less, the free external additive 1 9 / external additive free ratio which is not attached to the mother particle 18 is set to 0. 2 ~ 5%. In addition, if the roundness is too low, the above-mentioned effects and the effects described below may not be obtained. It is expected that the true roundness of the mother particles is 0.8 8 to 0.95 °. The roundness is: This paper scale applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297 mm) 4 & 527530 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the invention (46) True roundness = (perimeter of a circle with the same area as the projected area of the particle) / [the length of the contour of the particle projection diagram (Length around) 丨. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) The true circularity of this master particle 18 can be obtained using a flow-type particle image analysis device (FP IA-2100; manufactured by a stock company). In this flow-type particle image analysis device, particles of toner T are introduced into a flat sheath flow unit, and the sheath liquid becomes a flat sample stream, and stroboscopic observation light is irradiated to the sample stream. In addition, the particles passing through the flow unit pass through the objective lens, and the focused stationary particle images are captured by the CCD camera. The captured particle images are analyzed in real time. The projected area and peripheral length of each particle are measured. If the length is too long, the diameter of the equivalent circle and the roundness can be calculated. In this example, although the aforementioned flow-type particle image analysis device is used to obtain the true circularity of the mother particle 18, the calculation method of the true circularity of the mother particle 18 is in the aforementioned flow-type particle image analysis device. In addition to the calculation method, other conventional roundness calculation methods can also be used, but the calculation method using a flow-type particle image analysis device is ideal in order to obtain the roundness more accurately and simply. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In order to obtain the developer dissociation rate, the particle analysis method was used in the same manner as in the previous examples. Furthermore, in the present invention, using the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder particles shown in FIG. 5, silicon dioxide and the like are obtained from the external additive 19 to the adhesion state of the mother particles 18 of the analyzed carbon powder T. The free ratio of each external additive. The toner T in this example is the same as the toner τ in the previous example. It can be a negative electrode. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 ______B7____ 5 、 Explanation of the invention (47) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Polar toner of either polarity, positive polarity. The mother particles 18 are added with at least a coloring agent, a charge control agent, and other resins, and further, a dispersant, a release agent (W A X), a magnetic material, and other additives may be appropriately added. The mother particles 18 of the toner T used in this example, the colorant, the charge control agent, the release agent, the dispersant, the additive, and the magnetic agent are the mother particle materials used in the toner T of the foregoing example, Colorants, charge control agents, release agents, dispersants, additives, and magnetic agents. Then, the mother particles 18 are produced in the same manner as the method for producing the mother particles 18 of the toner T of the aforementioned example. The external additive 19 can be mixed with, for example, the aforementioned carbon powder T, for example, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide, fine particles of metal oxides, fine particles of nitrides, fine particles of carbides, and metal salts. Inorganic fine particles such as fine particles and composites thereof, and one or more kinds of organic fine particles are used. In addition, these surface treatment agents may be the same as the carbon powder τ of the aforementioned example, and the particle size of the external additive 19 is the same as that of the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and is 0 · 0 0 1 ~ 1 // m Better. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs These mother particles 18 and external additives 19 are similar to the toner T in the previous example, and are dry-mixed by a mixer to adhere them. For example, based on the carbon powder τ of this example, in the carbon powder whose mother particles have a roundness of 0.95 or less, the external additive free ratio is set to 0.2 to 5%. Therefore, the mother particles 18 are not very affected. At the same time, the amount of the free external additive 1 9 / to the total amount of the toner T can be set to an appropriate amount. As a result, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) is applied to the cleaning sheet 1 1 on the photoreceptor 2 and the intermediate copying paper by the cleaning device. 527530 A7 __B7 __ V. Description of the invention ( 48) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) In cleaning with toner contact members such as 7a, the residual toner T / mother particles after copying 1 8 cannot be easily squeezed by the cleaning board 1 1 In the past, by cleaning the plate, the toner particles remaining on the toner contact members such as the photoreceptor 2 or the intermediate copy belt 7 a can be removed and recovered more reliably. Therefore, by suppressing the occurrence of film formation of the toner contact member, the durability of the toner contact member cleaned by the cleaning plate 11 can be improved. Furthermore, since the free external additive 19 / is set to an appropriate amount for the entire amount of the toner, the external additive 19 can effectively cover the mother particles 18, and can suppress the melting of the mother particles 18 to form a film on the toner contact member. This also improves the durability of the toner contact member. Moreover, the inside of the developers 3, 4, 5, and 6 will not be contaminated by the free external additive 19 /, especially the development rollers 16 and 16 of the toner carrier in the developers 3, 4, 5, and 6 can be suppressed. The toner restricting plate 17 and other charging members that charge the toner T are covered with an external additive 19. Therefore, the toner T can be easily charged appropriately, and the charging property of the toner can be improved. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Therefore, if the toner according to this example is used, the toner contact of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, and the intermediate copy belt 7a can be lifted. At the same time, the durability of the member can improve the chargeability of the toner and obtain good image quality. Furthermore, because the mother particles 18 are effectively covered by the external additive 19, the heat is not likely to be taken away by the external additive 19 during heating and fixing, and the heat is effectively transmitted to the mother particles 18, which can improve the low-temperature fixability. At the same time, the release agent of the toner T can be appropriately melted, and good fixability can be obtained. ———-__——— ^ This paper size is applicable. National National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm)-527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (49) On the other hand, if you follow this example By using this toner T, the image forming apparatus 1 can improve the durability of the toner contact members such as the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, and the intermediate copy belt 7a. You can get good picture quality. Actually, each of the toners of Examples 9 to 11 of the present invention and the toners of Comparative Examples 9 to 10 for comparison with those of Examples 9 to 11 were subjected to toner on the photoreceptor 2 and the developing roller. 16 and the measurement experiment of film formation of toner limiter 17. The toner and external processing conditions used in this measurement experiment are shown in Table 4. In addition, the evaluation method of the experimental results is that the number of printed sheets is up to 10K (1K to 1,000) sheets, and no toner T occurs on any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16, and the toner restricting plate 17. At the time of film formation, it was evaluated as good, and the number of printed sheets up to 10 K (1 K to 2,000), any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing light wheel 16 and the toner regulating plate 17 When a film formation with toner T occurred, it was evaluated as defective. As shown in Table 4, carbon powders belonging to Examples 9 to 11 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 9 to 10 not belonging to the present invention use the mother particles 18 to pulverize the carbon powder and use external additives 1 9 All use silicon dioxide (Si02). This sand dioxide is TG 8 10 G (manufactured by Niu Qiu Qibu). In addition, in any of the external addition conditions, the device used for the addition treatment of the mother particles 18 and silicon dioxide is Ayshiko / 1/20 C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining), and the device used for the external addition treatment The number of rotations is 2 850 rpm, and the processing amount is 1. This paper is applicable in China. National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇χ 297 mm) (Please read the note on the back _ item before filling in: write this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (50) oils 6—s 11 cloud | 1 (0-— diary «Stupid

(Township Bi ^ l > s4t) OOIooaL Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs fei QI- ln§ 1 1 1 10 minutes 1 < ON 1—Η 〇XX 丄 1 2 minutes 0.92 csl 〇6 XX < 1K or less 0.92 〇fii 1 1 φ CO ON 〇〇〇ο τ—Η 1 1 Γ1 (〇) CO 〇〇〇m 1H U λ 1.0 Lightning part Η Λ (2850i * pm 4 minutes 0.92 oo 〇〇〇〇 Ο ^ —1 if mm Μ 鲣 _ Fu m S _ m ιφιπ 骝 urinary * mil K1 mi 1 m secret 1¾ 1 魆 touch 2 II Shipangu Μ climbing EK rabbit, tg --------, · Loading-(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

、 1T This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (51) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Further, the additional processing time is Example 9 was 4 minutes, Example 10 was 6 minutes, Comparative Example 11 was 3 minutes, Comparative Example 9 was 2 minutes, and Comparative Example 10 was 10 minutes. Further, the roundness of the mother particles is 0.9 in Example 9, 2. 0.9 in Example 10, 0.9, 1.1 in Example 11, 0.9, 2. Comparative Example 9, 0 · 9 2, and Comparative Example 10. It was 0.91, and the silicon dioxide free ratio was 2.8% in Example 9, 0.3% in Example 10, 4.9% in Example 11, and 8.2 in Comparative Example 9. % And Comparative Example 10 were 0.1%. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs from Table 4. It can be clearly understood that in each of the toners T of Examples 9 to 11, even if the number of printed sheets of any of the embodiments is 10K, the photoreceptor 2. The film formation of the toner T did not occur at any of the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17, and good results were obtained. Further, in the toner T of Comparative Example 9, the number of printed sheets was 1 K or less, and a film of the toner T was formed at any one of the photoreceptor 2 and the toner restricting plate 17, and the developing roller 16 A little film formation occurred, and ideal results could not be obtained. Further, in the toner T of Comparative Example 10, the number of printed sheets was 3 κ, and although film formation did not occur on the photoreceptor 2, film formation occurred on the toner restricting plate 17 and the developing wheel 16. The ideal result. Therefore, the true circularity of the mother particles is set to 0.95 or less, and the silicon dioxide free rate is set to 0.2 to 5%, and it is known that the film formation of the toner contact members can be effectively suppressed. Also, in Table 4, although the external additive free rate is the data showing the free rate of sand dioxide, the present invention can also be applied to other external additives. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). ) 527530 A7 ____B7 V. Description of the invention (52) Off rate. However, it is expected that the above-mentioned effects and effects can be obtained by applying the free ratio of the additives other than the present invention to the free silica ratio. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) Also, 'the toner and image forming apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the aforementioned examples', as long as it is a toner T having at least mother particles and silicon dioxide and using this carbon The powder T image forming device can be applied to any toner and image forming device. Next, further examples of the toner of the present invention will be described. The toner T in this example is formed of a large number of mother particles 18 formed of a resin having a low softening point at room temperature and a plurality of external additives 19 coated with silicon dioxide and the like. Moreover, this carbon powder T is a polymer powder produced by a polymerization method or a carbon powder produced by a smashing method and spheroidized by heat treatment or the like. The mother particle has a circularity of 0.95 or more. In T, the free external additive 19 which does not adhere to the additive other than this mother particle 18 > The external additive free ratio is set to 3 to 10%. In addition, if the roundness is too high, it becomes too spherical like 2, and the aforementioned effects and the effects described below may not be obtained. It is expected that the roundness of the mother particles is 0.96 to 0.98 °. The true roundness of the mother particles 18 of the toner T printed in this example printed by the employee's consumer cooperative of the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau was obtained in the same manner as in the previous example. In order to obtain the developer release rate, a particle analysis method was used in the same manner as in the previous examples. Furthermore, in the present invention, using the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder particles shown in FIG. 5, the adhesion state of the mother particles 18 of the analyzed carbon powder T from the external additive 19 is used to obtain silicon dioxide. Each of the external additives is free. The paper size is applicable. National National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (21 0'〆297 mm) -55- 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (53) Rate of carbon in this example The powder T is the same as the carbon powder T in the foregoing example. The powder T may be a carbon powder having any polarity of the negative polarity and the positive polarity. The mother particles 18 are added with at least a colorant, a charge control agent, and other resins. Dispersants, release agents (WAX), magnetic materials, and other additives can be added as appropriate. Moreover, the mother particles 18 of the toner T used in this example, a colorant, a charge control agent, a release agent, a dispersant, an additive, and a magnetic agent are the mother particle materials and coloring used in the toner T of the foregoing example, respectively. Agents, charge control agents, release agents, dispersants, additives, and magnetic agents. Then, the mother particles 18 are produced in the same manner as the method for producing the mother particles 18 of the toner T of the aforementioned example. The external additive 19 can be mixed with, for example, the aforementioned carbon powder T, for example, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide, fine particles of metal oxides, fine particles of nitrides, fine particles of carbides, and metal salts. Inorganic fine particles such as fine particles and composites thereof, and one or more kinds of organic fine particles are used. These surface treatment agents may be the same as the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and the particle size of the external additive 19 is the same as that of the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and 〇 · 〇〇1〜1 # m is as good. These mother particles 18 and the external additive 19 are similar to the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and are dry-mixed by a mixer to adhere them. For example, based on the carbon powder τ 'of this example, the parent particle has a roundness of 0.95 or more, and the external additive free ratio is set to 3 to 10%, such as the polymerization produced by the polymerization method. The specifications of the toner powder or the crushing method are applicable in China. National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Bureau JL Consumer Cooperation, printed by the company -56- 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (54) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} Made of pulverized carbon powder that has been spheroidized by heat treatment, etc. In the carbon powder in which the mother particles 18 are formed to be very close to the spherical shape, the amount of the free external additive 1 9 / to the total amount of the carbon powder T can be set to an appropriate amount. Therefore, even if the mother particles are formed to be very close to the spherical shape, it is possible to The cleaning effect of a toner contact member such as a photoreceptor with a free external additive as a starting point can be sufficiently obtained, and cleaning performance can be improved. As described above, the free external additive 19 / is set to an appropriate amount. Particles 1 8 are effectively added by external Covered by the additive 19, the mother particles 18 are not easily melted in the toner contact member, which can suppress the formation of a film. Therefore, according to the toner T of this example, the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the carbon can be raised. The durability of the toner contact members such as the powder restricting plate 17 and the intermediate copy belt 7 a can achieve good image quality. On the other hand, as the image forming apparatus 1 according to this example, by using this toner T It can improve the durability of the toner contact members such as the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, and the intermediate copy belt 7a, so as to obtain good image quality. Consumption by employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Cooperative society printing In fact, each toner of Examples 12 to 14 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 of Comparative Examples 1 to 12 used in comparison with these Examples 12 to 14 are subjected to toner photosensitivity. The measurement experiment of the film formation of the body 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 is shown in Table 5. The toner and external processing conditions used in this measurement experiment are shown in Table 5. In addition, the evaluation method of the experimental results is in The number of printed sheets to 10 K (1 K = 1 00) is Only when the film formation of the toner T did not occur in any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17, and the paper size of the printed paper was subject to the Chinese national standard ( CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 527530 A7 ____B7_ 5. Description of the invention (55) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The number of sheets is up to 1 OK (1K 2 1 00). When any of the photoreceptor 2, developer $ 16, and toner restricting plate 17 had a film formation of toner T, it was evaluated as defective. As shown in Table 5, the carbon powders belonging to Examples 12 to 13 of the present invention and the carbon powders not belonging to Comparative Example 12 of the present invention use the mother particles 18 to be manufactured by a pulverization method. The spheroidized pulverized carbon powder, and the carbon powder belonging to Example 14 of the present invention and the carbon powder not belonging to Comparative Example 11 of the present invention use the mother particle 18 as the polymer carbon produced by the polymerization method. powder. Furthermore, any carbon powder uses sand dioxide (SiO 2) as an external additive 19. This silicon dioxide is T G 8 1 0 G (made from burdock water 7). In addition, in any of the external addition conditions, the device used for the addition treatment of the mother particles 18 and the silicon dioxide is a yoshigyo 2 0 C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining). The number is 2 850 rpm, the processing capacity is 1.0. The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Employee Consumption Cooperative, printed on paper, j-size paper, one standard, one standard

S N threat I money

5S 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (56 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs S Comparative Section 2 Smashing the sphere 1 1 1 1 minute 0.97 11.2 〇XXX 1 Comparative Example 11 1 1 1 1 6 minutes 0.96 X 〇〇〇〇 2K following Example 14 Polymerized carbon powder 1 1 2 minutes 0.97 〇 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Ή Example 13 1 1 1 1 5 minutes 0.96 CO CO 〇〇〇〇〇 〇 1 Example 12 1 Spherical carbon powder TG810G (manufactured by Niu Shibu) 8 yashigong / 1 / 20C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining) 2850i * pm 1.0 weight part 3 minutes 0.97 C < l 1 / S 〇〇〇〇〇〇r—Η using mother particle dioxide The number of rotations of the device, the processing amount, the processing time, the roundness, and the silicon dioxide release rate,%, the number of sheets that can be printed by using the photoreceptor film, the toner limiting plate, the developing roller, and the film can be printed. X State distillation K-: 〇 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

、 1T This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) 527530 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (57) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Further, the additional processing time is Example 1 was 2 minutes for 3 minutes, Example 13 was 5 minutes, Example 14 was 2 minutes, Comparative Example 11 was 6 minutes, and Comparative Example 12 was 1 minute. Furthermore, the true circularity of the mother particles was 0.97 in Example 12, 0 · 9 6 in Example 13, 0.99 in Example 14, and 0.97 in Comparative Example 11.6, Comparative Example. 1 2 is 0. 97, and the silicon dioxide free ratio is 5.2% in Example 1.2, 3.2% in Example 13, 9 · 5% in Example 14, and Comparative Example 1 1 is 2.1%, and Comparative Example 12 is 11.2%. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. From Table 5, it can be clearly understood that among the toners T of Examples 12 to 14, the number of printed sheets of any of the embodiments is even at 10 K sheets. Good. Moreover, film formation did not occur at any of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner regulating plate 17, and good results were obtained. On the other hand, in the toner T of Comparative Example 11, the number of printed sheets was 2 K sheets, resulting in poor cleaning. At this time, no film was formed on any of the photoreceptor 2 and the toner restricting plate 17. , But the overall result is not ideal. Furthermore, in the toner T of Comparative Example 12, the number of printed sheets was 3 K sheets, and a film was formed on the photoreceptor 2, the toner restricting plate 17, and the developing roller 16. In this case, although cleanliness Good, with unsatisfactory results overall. Therefore, set the true roundness of the mother particles to above 0.95, and set the silicon dioxide free rate to 3 to 10%, even if it is very close to spherical carbon powder. It is known that the cleaning performance can be improved, and the film formation of the toner contact member can be effectively suppressed. -GO-This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 527530 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ____B7_ V. Description of the invention (58) Also 'in Table 5, external additives Although the free rate is data showing the free rate of silicon dioxide, the present invention can also be applied to the free rate of other additives. However, it is expected that the above-mentioned effects and effects can be surely obtained by applying the additive free ratio of the additive other than the present invention to the silicon dioxide free ratio. In addition, the toner and the image forming apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the foregoing examples, as long as the toner T having at least mother particles and silicon dioxide and the image forming apparatus using the toner T can be applied to any Toner and image forming device. Next, further examples of the toner of the present invention will be described. The toner T in this example is formed of a large number of mother particles 18 and a large number of external additives 19 such as silicon dioxide, which are formed of a resin having a low softening point at room temperature. The master particles 18 are formed of a resin having a low softening point at normal temperature, and are mother particles containing at least 1.5 to 2 · 5 // m fine particles. In addition, the free mother particle 18 / of the mother particle without the external additive 19 is set to 15% or less. This mother particle free ratio is a percentage of the amount of free mother particles 1 8 / to the total amount of toner. Moreover, the true circularity of the mother particle of the minute particles of 1.5 to 2.5 // m is set to 0. 85 to 0. 95. The roundness of the mother particles 18 of the toner T in this example was obtained in the same manner as in the previous example. In order to obtain the developer release rate, a particle analysis method was used in the same manner as in the previous examples. Furthermore, in the present invention, using the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder particles shown in FIG. 5, the adhesion state of the mother particles 18 of the analyzed carbon powder T from the external additive 19 is used to obtain silicon dioxide. The various external additives are free (read the precautions on the back-J · item and then fill in '----write this page) The size of the revised paper is applicable. National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297) (Centi) 527530 A7 ___B7 V. Description of Invention (59) Rate. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) The toner T in this example is the same as the toner T in the previous example. It can be any polarity of negative polarity and positive polarity. The mother particles 1 8 At least a coloring agent, a charge control agent, and other resins are added. Further, a dispersant, a release agent (WAX), a magnetic material, and other additives may be appropriately added. Moreover, the mother particles 18 of the toner T used in this example, a colorant, a charge control agent, a release agent, a dispersant, an additive, and a magnetic agent are the mother particle materials and coloring used in the toner T of the foregoing example, respectively. Agents, charge control agents, release agents, dispersants, additives, and magnetic agents. Then, the mother particles 18 are produced in the same manner as the method for producing the mother particles 18 of the toner T of the aforementioned example. The external additive 19 printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs can be mixed with, for example, the aforementioned toner T, such as silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide, fine particles of metal oxides, and fine particles of nitrides. , Fine particles of carbides, fine particles of metal salts, inorganic fine particles such as composites thereof, and one or more of organic fine particles are used. In addition, these surface treatment agents may be the same as the carbon powder T of the foregoing example, and the particle size of the external additive 19 is the same as that of the carbon powder T of the foregoing example, and is 〇. 〇〇1〜1 // m Better. These mother particles 18 and the external additive 19 are similar to the carbon powder T of the aforementioned example, and are dry-mixed by a mixer to adhere them. For example, based on the carbon powder T configured in this example, the mother particle free ratio is set to 15% or less, and at the same time, the true roundness of the mother particle 18 of the fine particles with a particle diameter of 1 · 5 ~ 2 · 5 // m is set at 0.85 ~ 0.95 'Applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X 297 mm) -62- 527530 A7 B7 at this paper scale 5. Description of the invention (60) (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) In carbon powders with a mother particle free rate of 15% or less, the true roundness of the mother particles of the fine particles can be set higher and appropriate. Therefore, the melting of the free mother particles in the latent image carrier and carbon can be reduced. The powder contact member and the toner contact member of the toner restricting member can also make the mother particles of the fine particles adhere to the external additive more uniformly, which can effectively reduce the mother particles of the fine particles from melting in the toner contact member. By this, the film formation of the toner contact member can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, based on this toner, the durability of toner contact members such as the latent image carrier, toner carrier, and toner restricting member can be improved, and at the same time, good image quality can be obtained over a long period of time. In particular, according to the carbon powder according to this example, the external additive 19 is silicon dioxide, and the silicon dioxide adhered to the mother particles 18 is an appropriate amount. When heating and fixing, most of the heat will not be changed by two. It is taken away by silicon oxide, and the mother particles 18 are covered with a specified amount of silicon dioxide, which can prevent the surface of the mother particles with low melting point from being excessively exposed. With this example of the toner, it is possible to prevent the film from contacting the toner on one side. As a member, good low-temperature fixability can be obtained. On the other hand, if the image forming apparatus 1 according to this example is used to print this toner T using the consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 1 can be raised. At the same time, it can achieve good image quality over a long period of time. In addition, since heat is not easily transmitted to the mother particles 18 having a low melting point, the image forming apparatus 1 according to this example can prevent the toner from melting on the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 1 7 And, at the same time, it has good low temperature fixability. This paper size is applicable. National National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 6Θ --- 527530 Μ B7 V. Description of the invention (61) Actually, according to the carbon of Examples 15 to 17 of the present invention The powder and each of the carbon powders of Comparative Examples 1 to 14 used in Comparative Examples 15 to 17 were subjected to a measurement experiment of forming a toner on a developing roller 16 and a toner limiting plate 17. : The toner and external processing conditions used in this measurement experiment are shown in Table 6. In addition, the evaluation method of the experimental results is evaluated when the number of printed sheets is up to 10K (1K = 1000), and no toner T is formed on the developing roller 16 or the toner restricting plate 17. For the sake of goodness, film formation of toner T occurs in any one of the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 until the number of printed sheets reaches 10 KO (1 KK = 1000). When it was evaluated as bad. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs: G4-This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Invention Explanation (62 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 9) Comparative Example 14 Crushing the sphere 1 1 4 minutes 0.835 0.902 CO 〇6 〇X CO Comparative Example 13 Crushing the toner ii 1 1 minute 0.882 0.918 vd X 〇 Example 17 sphering pulverized toner 13 minutes 0.901 0.918 Example 16 12.3 〇〇〇 embodiment of a pulverized toner 1114 0.882 0.918 minutes Example 15 polymerized toner TG810G (manufactured cattle Bu) 〇〇〇T-Η embodiment '> Silicone workers 々 20C (manufactured by Mitsui mining) 2850i * pm 5 minutes 0.939 0.963 r-Η 〇〇Ο using the mother particles using silica stone rotation number Xi means the processing time 1.5~2.5 @ m mother particle roundness use of 1.5~ 40 // m mother particle true roundness mother particle free ratio% Toner limiter film formation developing roller film formation can add the number of prints results Hu Ling: X Hu Guang 0 (Please read the back first (Notes on this page, please fill out this page)

'1T This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 5 6 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (63) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) As shown in Table 6 The carbon powder belonging to the embodiment 15 of the present invention uses the mother particles 18 as the polymerized toner manufactured according to law, and the toner belonging to the embodiment 16 of the present invention and the comparison that does not belong to the present invention Each of the carbon powders of Examples 1 3 and 14 uses the mother particles 18 as the pulverized carbon powder produced by the pulverization method, and further, the carbon powder belonging to Example 17 of the present invention uses the mother particles 18 as the pulverization The spheroidized carbon powder produced by the method and spheroidized. In addition, in any carbon powder, silicon dioxide (Sio2) is used as an external additive 19, and this silicon dioxide is T G 8 1 0 G (manufactured by Niu Qiu Xi Bu). In addition, in any of the external addition conditions, the device used for the addition treatment of the parent particles 18 and silicon dioxide is used as a 'V シ 工 少 2 0 C (made by Mitsui Mining). The number of rotations is 2 850 rpm. Furthermore, the external addition treatment time was 5 minutes in Example 15, 4 minutes in Example 16, 3 minutes in Example 17, 1 minute in Comparative Example 13, and 4 minutes in Comparative Example 14. Furthermore, the true roundness of the particles printed by the consumer cooperative of the employee of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the mother particle of the mother particle of 1 · 5 ~ 2 · 5 // m is 0.99 9 and embodiment 16 0.88 2. Example 17 was 0.90, Comparative Example 13 was 0.88 2 and Comparative Example 14 was 0.83 5, and 1.5 to 4 0 // The true roundness of the mother particle of m is 0.93 in Example 15, 0.98 in Example 16, 0.98 in Example 17, 0.918 in Example 17, and 0.99 in Comparative Example 12 18, Comparative Example 14 is 0.90 2 2

-CG This paper standard is applicable. National National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (64) Furthermore, the free rate of the mother particles without the mother particles attached to the silicon dioxide is being implemented. Example 15 is 3.1%, Example 16 is 7.7%, Example 17 is 12.3%, Comparative Example 13 is 16 · 5%, and Comparative Example 14 is 8.3%. . It is clear from Table 6 that among the toners T of Examples 15 to 17, the number of printed sheets of any Example is even 10K sheets, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 Film formation did not occur anywhere. Good results were obtained. On the other hand, in the toner T of Comparative Example 13, the number of printed sheets was 4 K. Although film formation did not occur on the developing roller 16, film formation occurred on the toner restricting plate 17, which was not satisfactory. The result. Furthermore, in the toner T of Comparative Example 14, the number of printed sheets was 3 K. Although film formation did not occur on the toner restricting plate 17, but film formation occurred on the developing roller 16, unsatisfactory results were obtained. . Therefore, it is known that the mother particle free ratio is set to 15% or less, and at the same time, the true circularity of the mother particle of the small particles of 1 · 5 ~ 2 · 5 // m is set to 0 · 8 5 ~ 0. 95. In the toner of the mother particles of the fine particles, it is possible to effectively prevent the film formation on the toner contact members of the photoreceptor 2, the developing roller 16 and the toner restricting plate 17 and the like. Also, in Table 6, although the external additive free ratio is data showing the silicon dioxide free ratio, the present invention can also be applied to other external additive free ratios. However, it is expected that the above-mentioned effects and effects can be obtained by applying the free ratio of the additives other than the present invention to the free silica ratio. In addition, 'the toner and the image forming apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the aforementioned examples', as long as it is a toner T having at least mother particles and silicon dioxide, and a scale application sheet (CNS) A view grid (21Gx297) Attack) ~ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} | Installed · Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (65) Image forming device using this toner T, Can be applied to any toner and image forming device. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) Next, we will explain other examples of the toner T of the present invention. The toner τ in this example is at least by most The mother particle i 8 and the external additive 19 are formed. The mother particle 18 is formed of a resin having a soft and low softening point at room temperature, and at least the particles of the silicon dioxide and titanium oxide are used as the external additive 19. The absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of the silicon dioxide to the mother particles 18 is set to be smaller than the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of the titanium oxide to the mother particles. Here, the so-called synchronization of the external additive 19 to the mother particles 18 is as follows Recount In general, it means that the external additive 19 is attached to the mother particle 18. Although the synchronous distribution and absolute deviation of the external additive to the mother particle can be analyzed by analyzing the adhesion state of the toner particles 18 and the external additive 19, Obtained 'However, the analysis of this carbon powder T is the same as in the previous examples, and the particle analysis method is used. In addition, in the present invention, the equivalent particle size distribution diagram of the carbon powder particles shown in FIG. 9 Calculate the free state of each external additive such as silicon dioxide from the attached state of the mother particles 1 of the toner T analyzed. 8 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The carbon powder τ in the example is the same, and it may be a carbon powder of either of the negative polarity and the positive polarity. The mother particles 18 are added with at least a colorant, a charge control agent, and other resins. Further, a dispersant, Release agent (WAX), magnetic materials, other additives, etc. In addition, the mother particles of the toner T used in this example 1 8. Colorants, this paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2) 0X297 public ) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (66) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Charge control agent, release agent, dispersant, additive, and magnetic agent are used for the toner T of the previous example. The master particle material, colorant, charge control agent, release agent, dispersant, additive, and magnetic agent are used. In addition, the master particles are produced by the same method as the method for producing the master particles 18 of the toner T described above. Particles 18 ° External additive 19 is the same as the carbon powder T described above, and can be mixed with, for example, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide, fine particles of metal oxides, fine particles of nitrides, fine particles of carbides, One or more kinds of inorganic fine particles' such as metal salt fine particles, composites of these, and organic fine particles are used. In addition, these surface treatment agents may be the same as the toner T of the foregoing example, and the particle size of the external additive 19 is the same as that of the toner T of the previous example, and is 0. 0 0 1 to 1 // m. Better. These mother particles 18 and external additives 19 are dry-mixed and adhered by a mixer in the same manner as the toner powder of the aforementioned example. The consumer co-operative society of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed the toner T 'based on this example so that the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of silicon dioxide to the mother particles 18 is set to be smaller than that of the titanium oxide to the mother particles 18 The reason why the absolute deviation is small is that by suppressing the occurrence of film formation, it is possible to effectively suppress the film formation of the toner contact members of the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, and the photoreceptor 2, and to perform the charging adjustment. Since the dispersion of titanium oxide is larger than that of sand dioxide, it is in a state where it is easy to move. By this, titanium oxide can more uniformly charge the carbon powder T. In this way, like the toner τ according to this example, it is possible to prevent the toner from contacting the film formation of the member while improving the uniformity of the charging of the toner. On the other hand, if the image forming apparatus 1 according to this example uses the Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) by using this paper size 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (67) Toner T in this example The film formation of the toner contact member of the image forming apparatus 1 can be prevented, and the charging of the toner can be performed more uniformly, and good image quality can be obtained. Actually, measurement experiments were conducted on the charging properties of each of the carbon powders of Examples 18 to 19 of the present invention and each of the carbon powders of Comparative Examples 15 to 16 for comparison with those of Examples 18 to 19. The toner and external processing conditions used in this measurement experiment are shown in Table 7. Moreover, the evaluation method of the experimental results is to evaluate the toner charge amount and toner coverage after the number of printed sheets reaches 1 K (1 K = 1 0 0 0). (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) The paper size printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (68) Comparative Example 16 printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 16 1 3 minutes \ i 3 minutes ί / η \ < 〇CO 1—1 〇inch r—Η CNj r—H cK Comparative Example 15 1 1 1 1 4 minutes 1 \ 1 2 minutes O '3 \ (, < 〇ρ On 〇〇oo VO Example 19 1 1 1 1 Ring the clock 1 \ 1 4 minutes 0C0 r—Η c3 ^ 1 MD… τ—H Example 18 Crushing toner NKT90 (manufactured by Japan 7 Koguchi, made in Japan) kyshiko / 1 / 20C (made by Mitsui Mining) 2850rpm 1.0 weight part 2 minutes ^ GSIOG (made by Niububu) buyoshi & 2c (Mitsui Manufactured by mine) 2850ipm 1.0 weight part 4 minutes 〇VO τ—Η ι / S τ—H τ—H vb Using mother particles Using titanium oxide Using device rotation number processing amount processing time Using Silicon dioxide using device rotation number processing amount processing time Absolute deviation of sand dioxide Charge after g K // c / g Coverage after k g / lK Additional conditions (Paragraph 1) #: Strong and full results 1 (Please read the note on the back J ·, fill in the items again ”装- -: Write this page) The size of the paper used for this edition is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (2! OX; 297 mm) 527530 A7 _ _B7 ___ 5. Description of the invention (69) (Please read the notes on the back before filling (This page) As shown in Table 7, each of the carbon powders belonging to Examples 18 and 19 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 15 and 16 not belonging to the present invention used the primary particles 18 to be pulverized carbon powder. In addition, any kind of carbon powder is firstly subjected to the first-stage external addition treatment to add titanium oxide and mother particles, and then, the second-stage treatment is externally added to the first-stage external addition treatment completer and the silicon dioxide mother particles. In this case, in addition to the conditions in the first paragraph, titanium oxide (Ti02) is used as the external additive 19 for any carbon powder. This titanium oxide is NKT 9 0 (Japan 7 laboratories :; less manufactured) In addition, any kind of carbon powder is used in addition to the mother particle 18 and titanium oxide in addition to the processing device is ~ system less 2 0 C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining), the number of rotations of the equipment used for the external treatment was 2 850 r p m, and the external treatment amount was 0.5 parts by weight. The external addition treatment time was 2 minutes in Example 18, 3 minutes in Example 19, 4 minutes in Comparative Example 15 and 3 minutes in Comparative Example 16.

Addition conditions other than the second paragraph use silicon dioxide (Si02) as the external additive for any kind of carbon powder. This silicon dioxide is TG 8 1 ◦ G Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ( Niu Geshui 7 Bu). In addition, any type of carbon powder used in the addition of titanium oxide and silicon dioxide in addition to the mother particle 18 is a device with a small amount of 20 C (manufactured by Mitsui Mining) and a device for external addition The number of rotations was 2850 rpm, and the external processing amount was 1.0 weight part. The external addition treatment time was 4 minutes in Example 18, 4 minutes in Example 19, 2 minutes in Comparative Example 15 and 3 minutes in Comparative Example 16. Furthermore, the absolute deviation of silicon dioxide in Example 18 is 0. 0 8. The paper size is applicable. National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 × 297 mm) --- 527530 A7 ____B7_ V. Description of the Invention (7〇 ) Example 19 is 0.10, Comparative Example 15 is 0.17, Comparative Example 16 is 0.15, and the absolute deviation of titanium oxide in Example 18 is (Please read the note on the back first) Please fill in this page again) ○ 1 6. Example 19 is 0 · 1 2. Comparative Example 15 is 0 · 1 1. Comparative Example 16 is 0 · 1 2. Further, the initial charge amount was 15.6 // c / g in Example 18, 14.2 // c / g in Example 19, and 14/14 / c / g in Comparative Example 15; Comparative Example 16 is 1 5 · 4 // c / g. As can be clearly understood from Table 7, in the toner T of Example 18, the toner charge amount after printing 1 K sheets was 1 · 5 · 4 // c / g, which was slightly lower than the initial charge amount, but there was almost no change. It is possible to obtain good results with stable charging performance. In addition, in the toner T of Example 19, the toner charge after printing of 1K sheets is 13.6 // c / g, which is the same as that of Example 18. The ground is slightly lower than the initial charge amount, but there is almost no change, and a good result with stable chargeability can be obtained. In contrast, in the toner T of Comparative Example 15, the toner charge amount after printing of 1 κ sheet is 8.9 // c / g 'reduction in the charge amount compared with the initial charge amount. There is a relatively small change, and there is a relatively large change. "The unsatisfactory results of charging instability are obtained. In addition, in the toner τ of Comparative Example 16", the toner charge after 1 κ sheet printing is 1 1 · 2 # c / g 'Same as Comparative Example 15', 'It is a lot smaller than the initial charge amount,' There is a relatively large change ', and an unsatisfactory result of unstable chargeability was obtained. Further, in the toner τ of Example 18, 'the toner coverage after printing on 1 κ sheets was 6.5 g / 1 K', and relatively good results were obtained. 'Furthermore, the toner T of Example 19 was Medium 'Toner after printing 1K sheets __ ____ ———_ 2 73- _____ This paper size is applicable to China Egg Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (21 () > < 297 仏 sauce) 527530 Α7 Β7 5 Explanation of the invention (71) The covering amount is 5 · 4 g / 1 K. Similarly, relatively good results are obtained. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) In contrast, in the toner T of Comparative Example 15, the toner coverage after printing 1 K sheets is 16.7 g / 1 κ, which is compared. This is a great unsatisfactory result. Moreover, in the toner T of Comparative Example 16, the toner coverage after printing of 1 K sheets was 9.6 g / 1 K, and a relatively large unsatisfactory result was obtained. Therefore / by setting the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of the silicon dioxide to the mother particles smaller than the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of the titanium oxide to the mother particles, it can be suppressed on the developing roller 16, the toner restricting plate 17, The toner contact members of the photoreceptor 2 and the like are formed into a film, and the uniformity of charging can be improved at the same time. The mother particles used in the experiments described above are pulverized carbon powder produced by a pulverization method. However, the present invention is also applicable to mother particles produced by other production methods. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and "The toner and image forming apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the aforementioned examples" as long as it is a toner τ having at least mother particles and external additives and an image using the toner τ The forming device can be applied to any toner and image forming device. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a full-color intermediate copy type image forming apparatus as an example of a conventional image forming apparatus used as an example of an embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention.

527530 A7 __B7 _ V. Description of the invention (72) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Figure 2 is a model showing an example of a conventional developing device using the image forming device shown in Figure 1 (A) is a sectional view thereof, and (b) is a diagram of toner particles used in this image forming apparatus. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conventional toner analysis method used for analyzing the state of adhesion of toner mother particles and external additives. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating equivalent particles and equivalent particle sizes using the toner analysis method shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the analysis results by the toner analysis method shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the state of attachment of the toner mother particles and the external additive with an approximate straight line α passing through the origin using the least square method according to the analysis result shown in Fig. 5. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Image forming device 2 Photoreceptor 3, 4, 5, 6 Non-magnetic component developer Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 7 Intermediate transcript body 7 a Intermediate transcription belt 8 Transcriber 8 a Secondary transcript roller 9 Transcription material 10 Fixer 11 Paper plate size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) 527530 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (73) 12 Residual toner cartridge 13 Toner storage section 14 Toner Shipping means 15 Toner supply roller 16 Developing roller 17 Toner restricting plate 18 Mother particles 1 8 ^ Free mother particles 19 External additives 1 9 ^ Free external additives (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Ministry of Economy The paper size printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)

Claims (1)

5275301 Patent Application No. 90130541 Amendment of Chinese Patent Application Range A8 Β8 C8 D8 July 1991 Amendment Printed by Employee Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6. Application for Patent Scope 1. A toner, which has at least a majority of The carbon powder of the mother particles and most of the silicon dioxide particles is characterized in that the free ratio of the mother particles without the aforementioned free silicon dioxide particles is set to less than 10%. 2〜 10%。 Silicon dioxide free silicon dioxide The silicon dioxide free rate is set at 0.2 to 10%. 2. The toner as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the surface of the aforementioned dioxide is surface treated by HMD S. 3. A kind of carbon powder, which is a carbon powder having at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of Xinghua particles. The characteristics are as follows: The free ratio of the mother particles of the free mother particles of the tritium oxide without attachment is set to 3 At the same time, the titanium oxide free ratio of the free titanium oxide without the titanium oxide attached to the mother particles is set to 5% or less. 4. A carbon powder, which is a carbon powder having at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of alumina particles, characterized in that the mother particle free ratio to which the alumina free mother particles are not attached is set to 30% or less, and , The alumina free ratio of free alumina without alumina attached to the aforementioned mother particles is set to 0.2 to 5% or less. 5. A kind of carbon powder, which is a particle having at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of external additives, and whose true circularity of the mother particles is less than 0.95, which is characterized by: The external additive free ratio of the external additive is set to 0.2 to 5%. 6. The toner described in item 5 of the scope of patent application, in which the aforementioned parent G-gauge scale is applicable to the Zhongguanjia Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21GX 297 public directors)-* ^ Thread (please read the precautions on the back first) (Fill in this page again) 6. The scope of patent application Particles are pulverized carbon powder produced by pulverization method. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 7 · —A kind of carbon powder, which is a particle with at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of external additives, and the true circularity of the mother particles is more than 0.9 5 carbon The powder is characterized in that the external additive free ratio of the free external additive that is not attached to the external additive other than the mother particles is set to 3 to 10%. 8. The carbon powder according to item 7 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the aforementioned mother particles are polymerized carbon powder produced by a polymerization method, or smashed spherical carbon powder produced by a smashing method and spheroidized. 9. A carbon powder, which is a carbon powder having at least a large number of mother particles and a plurality of particles of external additives, characterized in that the mother particle free ratio of the free mother particles to which the external additives are not attached is set to 15% or less, Meanwhile, among the aforementioned mother particles, the true circularity of mother particles of fine particles having a particle diameter of 1 · 5 to 2 · 5 // m is set to 0 · 8 5 to 0 · 95. 1 0. The carbon powder according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the external additive is silicon dioxide. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1 1 · A carbon powder, which is a carbon powder with at least a large number of mother particles and a large number of particles other than additives, characterized in that the aforementioned external additives include at least silicon dioxide and oxidation The absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of the aforementioned silicon dioxide to the parent particles of each particle of titanium is set to be smaller than the absolute deviation of the synchronous distribution of the aforementioned parent particles to the aforementioned mother particles. 0 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -2-527530, A8 a 'M B8 A. f1 C8, times: J' d yi D8 6. Application for patent scope 1 2.-An image forming device, characterized in that it has at least: A latent image carrier for an electrostatic latent image; and a carbon carrier having a toner carrier for developing the electrostatic latent image on the aforementioned latent image carrier, and a carbon that at least restricts the toner that is transported to the aforementioned latent image carrier by the toner carrier. Developer of a powder restricting member; the aforementioned toner is the toner described in any one of claims 1 to 11 of the scope of patent application. ------— Λ -----— (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page)-· " Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -3-