TW521538B - Single-stage electronic ballast circuit having emergency illumination function - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a single-stage electronic ballast circuit having emergency illumination function which combines the function of fly back charger, fly back discharger and semi-bridge type serial harmonic oscillation parallel load electronic ballasts, and is a single-stage electronic ballast circuit that integrates the said functions together into a single model. The circuit of the present invention needs only two active switches to complete the function of a general electronic ballast during normal operation, and an electronic ballast circuit for emergency illumination during power-off. The circuit of the present invention improves the functions of a general circuit for emergency illumination purpose greatly, wherein the charger, discharger and electronic ballasts are mutually independent and require more active switching devices and a more complicated circuit structure. Therefore, the present invention has a specific contribution to be novel and practical for the original design.

Description

521538 V. Description of the invention (υ [Inventive technology The present invention is to integrate the complexity and effects of the charging circuit. [Inventive technology is inevitable because of the multi-stage because energy passes through this demand that is unacceptable to people who require efficiency, As the top-level power converters become more stringent with the power specifications, they have multiple functional appliances to help store the electronic ballast circuits required to directly interrupt the battery. From these systems, by now, Same domain] Single-stage electronic ballast circuit with the metafunctions of emergency illuminator, discharger and active switch. The electronic ballast is integrated to reduce the number of electric parts and reduce cost.] Power conversion, component count Multi-stage conversion is high and cost. Therefore, recent research has been proposed to deal with the problem, because the battery current or direct power on the case to reduce the time and continuous storage pressure. This level of electricity can be seen as low and tight. The amount of the device is low, in order to be medium, the operation is completed and the power is converted to electricity, such as The use of books and emergency photos together increases the cost and increase in volume and weight. In addition, the overall efficiency is greatly reduced due to the increase in size. Today, the small size and light weight make it possible to avoid these shortcomings while taking into account the versatility. For example, the power system with different needs is a good example. The energy-saving AC type has a main converter. How can converters have become Mingzhi'an and electrical energy? In addition to the other types, the moving type is also used as the current stabilizer The power and electrical management system needs the power supply, and the common power supply trend is similar. The production system needs to be charged with a negative factor, such as a factor converter potential. If you have a product, you must reload the appliance in the syndrome, and modify the integration. The safety and the mains function of the bleeder are used in the following ways:

Page 4 521538 5. Description of the invention (2) The first A diagram is the most commonly used circuit architecture in conventional technology: when the mains is normal, the switch Si is turned on, and its power supply is connected through a half-bridge series resonant parallel load electronic ballast. The lamp is turned on, and the mains is charged by a flyback charger; in addition, the switch S2 is not turned on and the battery is not discharged. When the utility power is abnormal, the switch S2 is turned on, and the battery voltage VB is boosted to the voltage level when the utility power is normally supplied through the flyback discharger, and is turned on by an electronic stabilizer. The first B diagram is a conventional technique that integrates the charger and discharger circuits of the first A diagram, and uses its bidirectional switches M3 and M4 to realize its bidirectional charge / discharge. When it is a charger, use M3 and D4 to form a flyback circuit to charge the battery. If it is a discharger, use M4 and D3 to form a flyback circuit and boost it to the voltage level during normal power supply. From the above, It can be known that the bidirectional charge / discharge energy can be achieved by properly controlling its active switches M3 and M4. However, although the conventional technologies of the first A and B drawings can both achieve the function of electronic ballasts for emergency lighting, the number of components is still too high and the cost is too high. Therefore, the integrated single-stage conversion circuit proposed in this case is shown in the second figure. The circuit requires only two active switches MSi and MS2. The functions are the same as those in the first A and B diagrams, but the cost and volume are greatly reduced. In addition, through proper design, its active switches MS1 and MS2 also have the characteristics of zero voltage switching, so the efficiency is also quite high. [Brief description of the invention] The function of this case is the function of the electronic ballast in normal times and through charging

Page 5 521538 V. Description of the invention (3) The device stores energy to the battery, and uses the battery discharge to light up to achieve the function of emergency lighting when the power is off. This is an example of a multifunctional converter. In this case, the charger, the discharger and the electronic ballast are integrated into a single-stage circuit, the circuit is simplified and the cost is reduced. In addition, the related research reports only discuss the high-voltage power supply lighting system without a high-frequency step-up transformer. The present invention uses a 12 V battery to power and boost the lighting. The DC power supply of the electronic ballast is 1 5 6 V (the value of the mains power supply after rectification and filtering of 110) must be realized by a low-voltage step-up transformer; the research on the application of single-stage converters with boost transformers to emergency lighting systems has not been seen in patents and other In the research report, this case belongs to a new type of invention. The main purpose of the present invention is to realize a single-stage electronic ballast with emergency lighting using a minimum of parts, volume and cost. It is an innovative circuit architecture and has practicality. [Detailed description of the invention] First, please refer to the second figure, which is an electrical connection diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the second figure, the single-stage electronic ballast circuit with emergency lighting function of the present invention includes: an input power source, which is rectified by a bridge power supply Vu via a diode bridge Di, D2, D3, The composition of D4 is mainly to provide the power required for the single-stage electronic ballast circuit. There is also an energy storage power supply VB, which is a chargeable and dischargeable battery power supply, which is connected to the input power supply to store the power required for lighting. It also includes a first capacitor G and a second capacitor (: 2, where the first capacitor (^, is connected in parallel with the energy storage battery iVB, when the single stage

Page 6 521538 V. Description of the invention (4) The electronic ballast is the same as the first electric electronic ballast with the second picture capacity (^ the same as the connection of the required components is a single-stage one. There is another tube load equal capacitance Q and the first The connection point between the two capacitors C2, and the other end is connected to the point where the resonance of the first active switch MS2 acts on the first and the second energy components. When the single stage, the first and (Body Diod) 'Can be connected to the input power positive ballast circuit energy storage power supply of the above MS2 individual internal equivalent diode D s 2 components. Circuit switching can be used to store electrical energy; the second capacitor (: 2 capacity q series connection It is connected in parallel with the input power and can store energy when the single-stage circuit of the present invention performs a switching action. It also includes a first active switch MSi, which is connected to the first power and performs switching in a single-stage electronic ballast circuit. The master of the action; the second active switch MS2, which is connected in parallel with the second capacitor (: 2, is the load resonance circuit of the main component that performs the switching action in the electronic ballast circuit, and includes the inductor k, the capacitor CI, and the lamp resistance. Rump One end is connected to the first end (source terminal) to provide the load (lamp load). An inductive energy storage element T i is provided to connect the two active switches MSi and MS2. In the middle, but in series, the inductive storage intermediate point is connected to the first and second capacitors h, .C2. The connected electronic ballast circuit can store energy during switching operations. Its second active switch MSi e) is The diode D s 1 is the operation of the single-stage electronic ballast electric charger, discharger, electronic ballast, etc., which is simply connected by controlling the operation of the first and second active switches MS1 and MS2; When the power is always supplied, the energy storage power is charged and the electronic lighting operation is performed; when the input power cannot supply power, the electricity is used to supply the lighting operation of the electronic ballast circuit. The invention also has an emergency lighting function Single-stage electronic ballast

Page 7 521538 V. Description of the invention (5) circuit, in which the charging function when the input power is normally supplied, forms a flyback charger, and charges the reserve energy storage power, and at the same time is half bridge type The electronic ballast circuit of series resonance parallel load is used to perform lighting; the discharge effect when the input power supply stops supplying power is to form a flyback type discharger, which releases electrical energy from the energy storage power supply to supply the electronic ballast lighting. The following is a description of the various operation modes of the circuit mentioned in this case: a. Analysis of two-way charge / discharger When a single-stage electronic ballast with emergency lighting function is used as a charger, as shown in Figure 3A, its It can be regarded as a charger with a flyback circuit architecture, which uses the mains as the power source to charge the battery. In this figure, Ms2 is regarded as an active switch, and Msi is regarded as a passive switch. The resonance inductance (Lr), resonance capacitance (Cr), and lamp resistance (Rlamp) are represented by dashed lines. The battery is a flyback charger for the load. It is assumed that all transistors and diodes are ideal switching elements, and the circuit is operated in continuous conduction mode (CCM). When the power switch Ms2 is turned on (Msl is turned off), the current iu gradually increases and is on the primary inductance Lp. For energy storage, its equivalent circuit diagram is shown in Figure 3B. When the driving signal of Ms2 is interrupted, the power switch Ms2 is turned off, and the anti-parallel diode Dsi of Msl is forcibly turned on. The equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 3C. At this time, the inductor current iu gradually decreases. The secondary side inductance Ls releases energy to the battery. You can use this power converter to make the mains charge the battery, and we can know that the relationship between the mains voltage Vde and the battery voltage VB is:

Page 8 521538 V. Description of the invention (6) (1) where D represents the duty cycle (D u t y R a t i) of the power switch Ms2. When the utility power is abnormal, the single-stage electronic ballast can be regarded as a discharger, as shown in Figure 4A. When the battery is in the discharge mode, the power switches Msl and Ms2 play the opposite role when charging, Ms2 is the passive switch, and Msl is the active switch. When the power switch Msl is turned on (Ms2 is off), the equivalent circuit at this moment is shown in Figure 4B, and the energy released by the battery is stored on the secondary side inductor Ls. When the driving signal of the power switch Msl is interrupted, the power switch The anti-parallel diode Ds2 of Ms2 is forcibly turned on. At this time, the equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 4C. The inductor current iu gradually decreases, and part of the energy is transferred from the primary inductance to the capacitor C2. Therefore, the overall action is that the battery releases energy to the capacitor C2, and the following relationship can also be obtained using the volt-second law: κϋι

D In the above formula, D is the duty cycle of the power switch Msl. According to the above formula, when D is about 50%, the voltage Vd can be changed. Raise to f times the battery voltage, so that it has a high enough voltage to drive the lamp. It can be seen that, when the mains power is abnormal, the system can still smoothly use the power of the battery to boost the voltage and turn on the fluorescent lamp. In order to obtain a large output power at the load output terminal and the switching element can also have a small current stress, so when the flyback bidirectional charge / discharger is designed to operate in continuous conduction mode, the inductance in the circuit must be designed to be greater than even

Page 9 521538 V. Description of the invention (7) Boundary between continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. The boundary condition means that when the switching element non-conducting period ends, the current flowing through the inductor is exactly zero, from which the formula for calculating the secondary side inductance L s is as follows: τ (Γ0 + ί7) (ΐ- ^ _ (3 ) Where VQ is the output voltage, the forward voltage drop of the diode, Ts is the reciprocal of the switching frequency, the peak current on the secondary side, and Dmax is the maximum duty cycle. In addition, the circuit is operated in continuous conduction mode. The operation of the overall circuit is easier to control, and it is also easier to design. B. The analysis of the series load and parallel load converter is shown in the fifth figure, which is an equivalent circuit diagram when a single-stage electronic ballast is used as a converter. LF and CF are the resonant inductance and capacitance respectively, and Rlamp is used to indicate the equivalent resistance of the lamp; In addition, Msl and Ms2 are high-frequency switch switches and form a half-bridge topology converter. This circuit The principle of operation is described as follows: Assume that the frequency ws of the drive signal of the power switch is greater than the resonance frequency wR, and that the cross voltage of the capacitors C i and C 2 at this operating frequency is constant. When the power switch Msl is turned on (Ms2 is off) Current iu It will flow into the resonance network and provide lamp power. Because the operating frequency ^ is greater than the resonance frequency wR, when the driving signal of the power switch Msi is interrupted, Msl is cut off, but at this time the current on the resonance inductor Lr is still flowing. In order to ensure that The current on the inductor has a continuous characteristic. The anti-parallel diode Ds2 of Ms2 will be turned on to form a loop, and the inductor current will gradually decrease. When Ds2 is turned on, a driving signal will be sent to

Page 10 521538 V. Description of the invention (8)

Ms2, at this time, the voltage drop VDS of the power switch is almost zero, so in this case, the switching loss of the power switch Ms2 is extremely small. This phenomenon is called Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). When the inductor current flows reversely through the power crystal MS2, Ds2 naturally turns off at this time. Similarly, when the driving signal of the power switch MS1 is interrupted, MS2 is turned off. At this time, in order to maintain the continuity of the inductor current, the anti-parallel diode Dsl of MS1 will also be turned on to form a loop, and the inductor current will also be It gradually becomes smaller and can also achieve the characteristics of zero voltage switching. Therefore, the switching loss of the electronic ballast mode in this case is very small and the efficiency is very low. To sum up, the circuit mentioned in this case can provide a circuit with electronic ballast function at ordinary times, and it can be used as an electronic ballast for emergency lighting in case of power failure. This application patent is mainly to integrate a multi-functional circuit into a single-stage circuit. Under the condition that the function is unchanged, its cost, size and complexity are much simpler than those currently available on the market, and it can improve the current circuit. Because of its shortcomings, the invention is based on the patentability of this case for the entire circuit architecture. This case may be modified by anyone skilled in the art, but none of them can be protected by the scope of the patent application.

521538 Brief description of the diagram The first diagram A is a circuit structure diagram of the conventional electronic stabilizer with emergency lighting function. The first B diagram is the circuit architecture diagram of the electronic stabilizer with emergency lighting function and different conventional technologies. The second figure is a circuit connection architecture diagram of a single-stage electronic ballast with emergency lighting according to an embodiment of the present invention. The third diagram A is a schematic diagram of a path in which a switch MS1 is turned off and a current flows through DS1 in a mode with a charger and an electronic ballast in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a path in which the switch MS1 is turned off and the switch MS2 is turned on in a mode with a charger and an electronic stabilizer in the embodiment of the present invention. The third diagram C is a schematic diagram showing a path in which the switch MS2 is turned off and the diode DS1 is forcibly turned on in the mode with the charger and the electronic stabilizer in the embodiment of the present invention. The fourth diagram A is a schematic diagram of a path in which a switch MS1 is turned on and MS2 is turned off, and a current flows through the diode DS2 in a mode with a discharger and an electronic ballast in the embodiment of the present invention. The fourth diagram B is a schematic diagram of a path in which the switch MS1 is turned on and the switch MS2 is turned off in the mode with the discharger and the electronic ballast in the embodiment of the present invention. The fourth diagram C is a schematic diagram showing a path in which the switch MS1 is turned off and the diode DS2 is forcibly turned on in the mode with the discharger and the electronic ballast in the embodiment of the present invention. The fifth diagram is a circuit diagram of the series resonance parallel load analysis in the embodiment of the present invention. [Comparison of drawing number]

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Claims (1)

521538 6. Scope of patent application 1. A single-stage electronic ballast circuit with emergency lighting function includes: an input power supply, which provides the power required for the single-stage electronic ballast circuit; an energy storage power supply, which is connected with The input power source is connected to store electric energy; the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the energy storage power source and can be stored when the single-stage electronic ballast circuit is switched; the second capacitor is connected to the first capacitor It is connected in series with the input power source and can be stored when the single-stage electronic ballast circuit is switched. The first active switch is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and is executed in the single-stage electronic ballast circuit. One of the main elements of the switching action; a second active switch, which is connected in parallel with the second capacitor, is one of the main elements for performing the switching action in the single-stage electronic ballast circuit; a load resonance circuit, one end of which is connected to the A connection point between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and the other end is connected to one end of the first active switch to provide a resonance effect required by the load; an inductive energy storage element Is connected in series between the first and second active switches, and the middle point of the inductive energy storage element is connected to the connection point of the first and second capacitors. When the single-stage electronic ballast Energy can be stored when the circuit is switched; by this, the operation of the first and second active switches is controlled, so that the single-stage electronic ballast circuit can be combined with the operation of the charger, discharger and electronic ballast, etc., when the input When the power supply is normally supplied, the energy storage power supply is charged, and the operation of the electronic ballast circuit is performed; Page 14 521538 VI. Scope of patent application When power is supplied by law, the energy storage power supply is discharged to supply the operation of the electronic ballast circuit. 2. The single-stage electronic ballast circuit with emergency lighting function described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the charging function when the input power is normally supplied is a flyback charger. 3. The single-stage electronic ballast circuit with emergency lighting function described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when the input power is normally supplied, it is an electronic ballast circuit that forms a half bridge series resonant parallel load. 4. The single-stage electronic ballast circuit with emergency lighting function described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the discharge function when the input power supply stops supplying power is to form a flyback type arrester. Page 15