經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483212 A7 ---- - B7 五、發明說明（i ) 本發明所屬之技術領域： 本發明係有關於一種用以顯示充電式電池於現時點之 谷量（殘存容量）等的電池狀態之電動車輛之電池狀態顯示 裝置。 習知技藝： 習知，於具備充電式電池之電動車輛，乃由顯示電池 之殘存容量就能推測可行駛距離，並有裝設能確認充電狀 態之電池狀態顯示裝置者。在該電池狀態之顯示上，於行 駛中亦能顯不，並且，可從車體卸下電池進行車外充電以 及搭載在車體之原狀下，可進行車載充電之任一方式，為 使其亦可作顯示，乃將電池殘存容量顯示在電池箱上。 本發明欲解決之課題： 但疋，於上述習知裝置，充電式電池之殘存容量雖可 辨識，但，電池之劣化狀況、記憶效果狀況、充放電循環 數、殘留生命、電池更換時間（應時）等，於維修檢查上成 為所必要之電池狀態的顯示，或者，對於上述充電式電池 之初期容量於現時點的殘存容量的比率（絕對殘存率）該有 多少，乃無法獲得其顯示。 本發明係鑑於上述習知之實況所進行者，乃欲以提供 使上述充電式電池之絕對殘存率之顯示及劣化狀態、記憶 效果狀況，對考量各使用環境之實際容量的殘存容量之比 率的相對殘存率之顯示成為可行，並且，依記憶效果能進 订再生放電顯示、電池充電顯示、電池壽命顯示、電池更 換顯示等之電動車輛的電池狀態顯示裝置，為目的。 --------------------^----I---- (請先閱讀背面之注•意事寫本頁)Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 483212 A7 -----B7 V. Description of the invention (i) The technical field to which the present invention belongs: The present invention relates to a method for displaying the current amount of rechargeable batteries (Residual capacity) Battery status display device for electric vehicles such as battery status. Know-how: It is known that in electric vehicles equipped with a rechargeable battery, the driving distance can be estimated by displaying the remaining capacity of the battery, and there is a battery status display device that can confirm the charging status. On the display of the battery status, it can also be displayed during driving. In addition, the battery can be removed from the vehicle body for external charging and mounted on the vehicle body. It can be used for on-board charging. It can be used to display the remaining capacity of the battery on the battery box. Problems to be solved by the present invention: But alas, in the above-mentioned conventional device, although the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery can be identified, the deterioration status of the battery, the state of the memory effect, the number of charge and discharge cycles, the remaining life, and the battery replacement time (should be Time), etc., it is necessary to display the status of the battery required for maintenance inspection, or the ratio of the initial capacity of the above-mentioned rechargeable battery to the remaining capacity of the current point (absolute remaining ratio), which cannot be displayed. The present invention is made in view of the above-mentioned conventional practice, and is intended to provide a relative ratio of the remaining capacity of the actual capacity of each use environment in order to provide a display of the absolute remaining rate of the rechargeable battery, a state of degradation, and a state of memory effect. The display of the remaining rate becomes feasible, and the battery status display device of an electric vehicle such as a regenerative discharge display, a battery charge display, a battery life display, and a battery replacement display can be ordered according to the memory effect. -------------------- ^ ---- I ---- (please read the note on the back first and write this page)
5 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483212 ^ A7 -____B7___ _ — 五、發明說明（2 ) ^ 解決課題之本發明的裝置： " 申請專利範圍第1項之發明，如第8圖所示，於要顯示 充電式電池400之殘存容量等的電池狀態之電動車輛的電 池狀態顯示裝置401上，係具備欲顯示上述電池狀態之顯 示機構402，欲求對於上述充電式電池4〇〇之殘存容量的初 - 期容量之比率（絕對殘存率）的絕對殘存率演算機構4〇3 ; φ 欲求對於上述充電式電池之殘存容量的實際容量之比率( 相對殘存率）之相對殘存率演算機構4〇4 ;欲求對於上述充 電式電池400於充電時之容量的上述初期容量或實際容量 的比率（充電率）之充電率演算機構4〇5;以及，將上述所 演算之絕對殘存率、相對殘存率、充電率中的任一項、切 換在上述顯不機構402而作顯示之顯示控制機構4〇6，為其 特徵。 申请專利範圍第2項之發明，係在申請專利範圍第i項 中，上述顯示機構402乃具有··欲顯示上述電池4〇〇之殘存 率及充電率的殘存率顯示部4〇2a ;及欲顯示上述電池4〇〇 之維修檢查上成為必要之通知的資訊之通知資訊顯示器 402b，而上述顯示控制機構4〇6就以含有上述電池之殘存 率及充電屐歷之電池狀態為根基，並對上述顯示機構4〇2 顯示上述通知資訊，為其特徵。 申請專利範圍第3項之發明，係在申請專利範圍第2項 中’上述顯示機構402，係對於上述通知資訊顯示部4〇2b 能表不電池400有必要充電之充電顯示，而上述顯示控制 機構406’乃於上述絕對殘存率或相對殘存率為所定值以 本纸張尺度+關家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） II ^ ----I--^---1111--漆 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 6 483212 A75 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 483212 ^ A7 -____ B7___ _ — V. Description of Invention (2) ^ The device of the present invention that solves the problem: " The invention for which the scope of patent application is the first, as shown in Figure 8 The battery status display device 401 of an electric vehicle to display the battery status such as the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery 400 is provided with a display mechanism 402 to display the battery status. Initial residual capacity ratio (absolute residual ratio) absolute residual ratio calculation mechanism 4 of the capacity; φ Relative residual ratio calculation mechanism 4 for the ratio of the actual capacity (relative residual ratio) of the remaining capacity of the above-mentioned rechargeable battery 4 〇4; charge rate calculation mechanism 405 for the initial capacity or the actual capacity ratio (charging rate) of the capacity of the rechargeable battery 400 at the time of charging; and the absolute residual rate and relative residual calculated above The display control mechanism 406, which is one of the display rate and the charging rate, is switched by the display mechanism 402 and displayed, which is characteristic. The invention in item 2 of the scope of patent application is in item i in the scope of patent application, the display mechanism 402 has a residual rate display section 402a for displaying the residual rate and charging rate of the battery 400 as described above; and The notification information display 402b, which is to display the information necessary for the maintenance inspection of the battery 400 above, and the display control mechanism 406 is based on the battery state including the remaining rate of the battery and the charging history, and The above-mentioned notification information is displayed on the display unit 402, which is a feature of the notification unit. The invention in the third scope of the patent application is in the second scope of the patent application. The above-mentioned display mechanism 402 is a charging display for the notification information display unit 40b which can indicate that the battery 400 needs to be charged, and the above-mentioned display control Institution 406 'is based on the above absolute survival rate or relative survival rate based on the paper standard + family standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) II ^ ---- I-^ --- 1111--Paint (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 6 483212 A7
五、發明說明（3 ) 下時，就對上述顯示機構402作上述充電顯示，為特徵。 申請專利範圍第4項之發明，係在申請專利範圍第2項 中，上述顯示機構402，係對於上述殘存率顯示部4〇2a， 能表示有必要作電池之再生（補充）放電的再生放電顯示， 而上述顯示控制機構4 0 6 ’係以包括上述電池之充電履歷 的電池狀態作為根據，並在上述顯示機構402作上述再生 放電顯示。 本發明之實施態樣： 以下，以附圖，說明本發明之實施態樣。 第1圖至第6圖係為說明本發明之一實施態樣的電動車 輛之電池狀態顯示裝置之說明圖。第1圖係具備上述顯示 裝置之電動車輛的電動補助自行車之側面圖。第2圖係含 有上述顯示裝置之電源裝置的方塊構成圖。第3圖係表示 上述顯示裝置之顯示盤的模式圖。第4〜6圖係表示於上述 顯示盤之顯示狀況的模式圖。 在圖上，（1)為具備本實施態樣顯示裝置之電動補助 自行車，其車體架構2係具備頂頭管3，從該頂頭管3向車 體後方斜方向所延伸之下降層4,從該下降管4之後端大略 起立向上方延伸之座墊管5,從上述下降管4之後端大約以 水平延伸至後方之左右1對的鏈條抑制條6，結合該兩鏈條 抑制條6之後端部與上述座墊管5之上端部的左右1對之座 墊抑制條7，以及欲連接上述頂頭管3與座墊管5之水平管11 〇 在上述頂頭管3有前耙8被支撐成可左右轉動。在該前 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） I I I I I i — — — — — ----!λ (請先閱讀背面之迮意事寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483212 • A7 ___ B7 五、發明說明（4 耙8之下端有前輪9被作軸支撐，而在上端乃固著操向方向 把10。又，在上述座墊管5之上端裝著鞍座12。並且，在 鏈條抑制條6之後端有後輪（車輪）13被作轴支撐。 在上述車體架構2之下端部，係搭載經由裝設在曲柄 軸16之兩端突出部之曲柄臂16a而輸入於腳蹬l〇6b之腳燈 力（人力）及從所内藏之電動馬達17的補助動力之合力作為 輸出之電力裝置15。從該電力（功率）裝置15之輸出乃經由 鏈條30而傳達至上述後輪13。 上述電動馬達17等之電源的電池盒1 〇〇，乃沿著上述 座墊管5之後面並且夾住在左右之座墊抑制條7, 7而配置 。於該電池盒100，將於後述之車外的充電裝置112，以連 接器可作連接。上述電池盒100係收納以串聯之多數的單 電池101所成之電池（充電式電池）1〇2,並具有欲檢出上述 電池102之溫度的溫度感測器1 〇3、及欲測定該電池1 〇2之 電流值的電流計104。 又’上述電池盒100 ’係具備進行上述電池1Q2之管理 等的電池管理裝置105，欲記憶所定之資料的eEPR〇m 1〇6 ，以及從外部對上述電池管理裝置1〇5輸入再生放電指令 136之再生開關137。 而在上述EEPROM 106，其上述所定之資料方面，乃 記憶著放電或者上次之再生放電起的充電次數，放電次數 ，充放電循環次數，或上述電池102之充電時的充電容量 ’放電時之放電電氣篁’或再生放電所必要之顯示後的再 生放電之有無’或上述充電之初期容量，於現時點的最大 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 請 先 閱 讀 背 面 之 注 意 事 項 再 填 | I裝 頁 訂 線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483212 A7 ____B7____ 五、發明說明（5 ) 可充電容量（實際容量）等。 又，上述電池盒100，由連接器107，108與馬達驅動 電路22，並由連接器11〇，π!與進行上述驅動補助自行車 1之車柄控制的車輛控制部1〇9相連接，且由連接器113, 114 與進行上述充電式電池102之充電的充電裝置112之輸出側 ，而由連接器115，116與上述充電設備112之通信（I/F)127 ，分別連接著。 上述電池管理裝置105，係具備由上述溫度感測器103 來之電池溫度資料下，從電流計1 〇4來之電流值資料I，有 輸入電池102之電壓資料V，而進行上述充電式電池1〇2之 再生放電之控制等的電池管理-控制部11 7，以及進行與上 述充電裝置112之通信的通信i/f 120。 在上述電池管理-控制部117，有連接著以此後之信號 或從外部之所疋的顯示指令118為根基，而使資訊切換顯 示之顯示裝置（顯示機構）119。而將上述顯示裝置設在有 設置速度計等之車輛側的顯示板部份，或上述充電裝置112 側亦可以。 於此，上述電池管理-控制部i丨7乃具有有演算對於上 述充電式電池102之殘存容量的初期容量之比率的絕對殘 存率之絕對殘存率演算裝置的功能，欲演算對於上述充電 式電池102之殘存容量的實際容量之比率的相對殘存率之 相對殘存率演算裝置的功能，且切換上述所演算之絕對殘 存率，相對殘存器以及將後述之充電率的任一，而顯示在 上述顯示裝置119之顯示控制裝置之功能。 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） <請先閱讀r面之注•意事 I 裝--------訂--------- 寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 9 483212 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 -------El_ _ 五、發明說明（6 ) 如第3圖所不上述顯示裝置119之顯示板乃具備由7個 LED 140a〜104S所形成之殘存率顯示部U9a，及1個LED 140h所形成之通知顯示部119b。 如第4圖〜第7圖所示，上述LED 14〇a〜14〇g係顯示 電池102之相對殘存率、絕對殘存率、充放電循環次數、 充電率之任一，且上述LED 14〇11係顯示必要更換電池或 必要作再生放電。 於此，若將上述充電式電池102之初期容量（於未使用 狀態作充滿電之時的最大容量）訂為例如，5AH，即，絕 對殘存率係表示對於上述充電式電池1〇2於現時點之殘存 容量（例如為4AH)的上述5AH的比率（80%)。 又，將上述充電式電池1〇2之實際容量（記憶效果，經 年變化等經予考量狀態下，充滿電時之最大容量），例如 ’設為4.5AH，即，相對殘存率乃表示上述充電式電池ι〇2 於現時點之殘存容量（例如，4AH)對於上述4.5AH之比率（ 約 89%)。 充電率’係對於在充電中充電完成容量之上述初期容 量或實際容量之比率。以實際容量（例如，4·5ΑΗ)為基準 之場合，若現時點之充電完成容量為3ΑΗ時，即為約67% 〇 · 又’在上述顯示盤之一端部配裝按鈕開關138，因應 該開關138之押壓時間乃成為第5圖〜第7圖所示之顯示模 態。例如，將上述按鈕開關138以極短時間押壓後放開， 即成為表示上述相對殘存率之相對顯示模態（第4圖），若 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 χ 297公釐） -------------^--------^---------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 10 483212 A7V. Description of the invention (3) When the charging display is performed on the display mechanism 402, it is featured. The invention of item 4 in the scope of patent application is the item 2 in the scope of patent application. The above-mentioned display mechanism 402 is a regenerative discharge that can indicate the necessity of regenerating (supplementary) discharge of the battery with respect to the residual rate display section 402a Display, and the display control means 406 'is based on the battery state including the charge history of the battery, and performs the regenerative discharge display on the display means 402. Embodiments of the present invention: Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 6 are explanatory diagrams illustrating a battery status display device of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a side view of an electric assist bicycle for an electric vehicle provided with the display device. Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a power supply unit including the display device. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a display panel of the display device. Figures 4 to 6 are schematic diagrams showing the display conditions on the display panel. In the figure, (1) is an electric auxiliary bicycle provided with a display device according to this embodiment. The body structure 2 is provided with a head pipe 3, and a descending layer 4 extending obliquely from the head pipe 3 to the rear of the vehicle body. The rear end of the downcomer 4 rises upright and the seat cushion pipe 5 extends upward. From the rear end of the downcomer 4, the left and right pair of chain restraint bars 6 extend approximately horizontally to the rear, and the rear ends of the two chain restraint bars 6 are combined. A pair of seat cushion suppressing strips 7 to the left and right of the upper end of the seat tube 5 and a horizontal pipe 11 to connect the head tube 3 and the seat tube 5 〇 A front rake 8 is supported on the head tube 3 so as to be able to Turn left and right. Prior to this paper size, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) was applied IIIII i — — — — — ----! Λ (Please read this page on the back to write this page first) Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 483212 • A7 ___ B7 V. Description of the invention (4 The front wheel 9 at the lower end of the harrow 8 is supported by the shaft, and the upper end is fixed in the steering direction handle 10. Also, in the above seat cushion tube A saddle 12 is mounted on the upper end of 5. The rear wheel (wheel) 13 is supported as a shaft at the rear end of the chain restraint 6. The lower end of the above-mentioned body frame 2 is mounted on the crankshaft 16. The electric power device 15 which outputs the combined forces of the foot lamp power (manpower) of the pedal 106b and the auxiliary power from the built-in electric motor 17 as crank arms 16a of the projecting portions at both ends. From this power (power) device The output of 15 is transmitted to the rear wheel 13 through the chain 30. The battery box 100 of the power source of the electric motor 17 and the like is along the rear surface of the seat tube 5 and sandwiches the left and right seat restraint bars 7 , 7 and configuration. In the battery box 100, will be outside the car described later The charging device 112 can be connected by a connector. The battery box 100 stores a battery (rechargeable battery) 102 formed by a plurality of single cells 101 connected in series, and has a temperature to detect the temperature of the battery 102 The sensor 1 〇3 and the ammeter 104 to measure the current value of the battery 1 〇. The battery box 100 is a battery management device 105 for managing the battery 1Q2 and the like. EEPR〇m 1〇6, and the regenerative switch 137 for externally inputting the regenerative discharge instruction 136 to the above-mentioned battery management device 105. And in the above-mentioned EEPROM 106, the above-mentioned predetermined data is remembered for the discharge or the last time The number of charges, the number of discharges, the number of charge-discharge cycles from the regenerative discharge, or the charging capacity of the battery 102 when charging, the 'discharge electrical at discharge' or the presence or absence of the regenerative discharge necessary for regenerative discharge 'or the above-mentioned charging The initial capacity, the maximum paper size at the current point applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Please read the notes on the back first Refill | I Binding Line Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 483212 A7 ____B7____ V. Description of the invention (5) Rechargeable capacity (actual capacity), etc. Also, the above battery box 100 is composed of connectors 107, 108 It is connected to the motor drive circuit 22, and the connectors 110, π! Are connected to the vehicle control unit 10, which performs the handle control of the drive assist bicycle 1, and the connectors 113, 114 are connected to the above-mentioned rechargeable battery 102. The output side of the charging device 112 to be charged is connected to the communication (I / F) 127 of the charging device 112 by the connectors 115, 116, respectively. The battery management device 105 is provided with the battery temperature data from the temperature sensor 103, the current value data I from the ammeter 104, and the voltage data V of the input battery 102 to perform the above-mentioned rechargeable battery. The battery management-control unit 117, such as the control of regenerative discharge and the like, and the communication i / f 120 that performs communication with the charging device 112 described above. The battery management-control unit 117 has a display device (display mechanism) 119 that is connected to a subsequent signal or a display command 118 from the outside to switch the display of information. Alternatively, the above display device may be provided on a display panel portion of a vehicle side where a speedometer or the like is provided, or the above-mentioned charging device 112 side may be used. Here, the battery management-control unit i7 has a function of an absolute survival rate calculation device having an absolute survival rate that calculates a ratio of the initial capacity of the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery 102 to the above-mentioned rechargeable battery. The function of the relative residual ratio calculation device of the relative residual ratio of the actual capacity of the residual capacity of 102, and switching between the calculated absolute residual ratio, the relative residual device, and the charging rate described later, is displayed on the above display. The function of the display control device of the device 119. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) < Please read the note on r side first • I matter I installed -------- Order ------- -Write this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 9 483212 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ------- El_ _ V. Description of Invention (6) As shown in Figure 3 The display panel of the above-mentioned display device 119 includes a surviving rate display unit U9a formed by seven LEDs 140a to 104S, and a notification display unit 119b formed of one LED 140h. As shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 7, the LEDs 14a to 14g show any one of the relative remaining rate, the absolute remaining rate, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the charging rate of the battery 102, and the LED 14o11 It indicates that it is necessary to replace the battery or to perform regenerative discharge. Here, if the initial capacity of the above-mentioned rechargeable battery 102 (the maximum capacity when it is fully charged in an unused state) is set to, for example, 5AH, that is, the absolute residual rate indicates that the above-mentioned rechargeable battery 102 is currently The remaining capacity (for example, 4AH) of the point is the ratio of the above 5AH (80%). In addition, the actual capacity of the above-mentioned rechargeable battery 102 (the maximum capacity at the time of full charge under a state of consideration such as memory effects, year-on-year changes, etc.), for example, is set to 4.5AH, that is, the relative residual rate indicates the above The ratio of the remaining capacity (for example, 4AH) of the rechargeable battery ι02 to the above-mentioned 4.5AH (about 89%). The charge rate 'is a ratio of the above-mentioned initial capacity or actual capacity to the capacity completed during charging. In the case of actual capacity (for example, 4 · 5ΑΗ), if the current charge completion capacity is 3ΑΗ, it will be about 67%. The pressing time of the switch 138 is the display mode shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. For example, if the button switch 138 is pressed for a very short time and then released, it will become a relative display mode (Figure 4) indicating the relative residual rate. If this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 〇χ 297 mm) ------------- ^ -------- ^ --------- ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this Page) 10 483212 A7
五、發明說明（7 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 以其原狀繼續押壓經，過5秒鐘，即變成表示上述絕對殘存 率之絕對顯示模態（第5圖），放手時就作1〇秒鐘絕對率顯 示。若不放手而繼續押住時，就作5秒鐘之絕對率顯示之 後，就改變為充放電循環次數顯示模態（第7圖），而放手 時顯示就停止。又，充電中無關押壓按鈕開關138或否， 就成為表示充電率之充電顯示模態（第6圖）。又，第4圖〜 第7圖之操作標誌139係分別表示上述開關138被押住。 在上述充電裝置112，當連接於插座時就經由連接器 121 ’ 122連接於將交流電源供給至上述充電裝置η:之插 頭123。而該充電裝置112,係具備將從上述連接器12卜122 所供給之交流源變換為直流之AC/DC換流器124，計測該 換流器124之輸出的電壓值，電流值的電壓計125，電流計 126 ’進行上述充電式電池1〇2之再生放電的放電器135， 以及從上述電壓計125，電流計126之計測值或從上述通信 I/F 127之所定信號等被輸入的充電/放電控制部128。 並且，上述充電裝置112再具備將表示該充電裝置112 與上述電池盒100相連接之連接信號，輸出至上述充電/放 電控制部128的電池連接檢知部129。 又’在上述充電裝置112，設有於上述顯示裝置119表 示有放電必要之主旨之時，將從所輸入之外部的放電指令 130，對上述充電/放電控制部128作為再生放電指示信號 輸出的放電開關131。 替代上述放電開關13 1而亦能從外部輸入放電指令13 6 ’將再生開關137連接於上述電池管理·控制部117。於此 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） <請先閱讀背面之注•意事項一^寫本頁) ^ 裝----I---訂---— II--- 11 483212 • A7 __ B7 五、發明說明（8 ) 場合，於上述顯示裝置119有顯示需要再生放電之主旨之 時，上述再生開關137經操作為ON之時，就成為將上述再 生放電指示信號輸出至上述充電裝置112之構成。 上述AC/DC轉換（變流）器124之輸出，就經由輸出控 制部132，而由上述充電/放電控制部128所控制，而上述 放電器135就由上述充電/放電控制部128所控制。 以下，說明於本實施態樣顯示裝置上之動作及作用效 果。 本實施態樣之電池狀態顯示裝置119，通常如第4圖所 示之相對顯示模態。而顯示裝置119之LED 140a…140g， 即依其點燈數而表示其相對殘存率為100〜80%…25〜 15%。而LED 140g於其相對殘存率為未滿15%時就開始點 滅，若再減少時就使點滅速度加速。 在上述相對顯示模態，於未押壓上述按鈕開關138之 狀態下，上述LED就無點燈亦無點滅（第4圖（a))。若以極 短時間（1秒鐘以下）押壓上述按鈕開關138時，即，顯示指 令118輸入，電池管理-控制部in就求出相對殘存率，而 該相對殘存率就顯示在顯示裝置119。 此％合’該相對殘存率’例如，為1〇〇〜80%時，Led 140a〜140g全部點燈，而表示充滿電狀態（第4圖（1)))。若 相對殘存率愈少即所點燈之LED數就愈少，當相對殘存率 為25〜15%之時，即僅有LED 140g點燈，而相對殘存率未 滿15%之時，LED 140g就開始點滅，相對殘存率更減少時 即點滅速度就愈快速（第4圖（c))。如果，由於LED 140g之 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ---------— II--· I I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -ISJ· 線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 12 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 483212 五、發明說明（9 ) 點滅，使用者就可知電池102需要充電。 述電池管理·控制部117，由上述電池102之充 放電循環(周期)次數為所定值以上之場合，或者，至放電 終止電屢止，其實際所放電之電氣容量為所定值以下時， 判斷再生放電為必要之場合之點滅就 可作南要再生放電之主旨的顯示(第4圖⑷)。甚至，電池1〇2 因壽命而料應更換之_㈣合，LED MOh就會點斷（ 第4圖（e))。 上述顯示裝置119,使用者若繼續押住按鈕開關i38 5 秒鈿時，就成為如第5圖所示之絕對顯示模態，放手時乃 有10秒鐘之絕對顯示進行者。該絕對顯示模態之場合，由 於上述顯示裝置119之LED 14〇^"14〇g之點燈數，而表示 ㈣㈣㈣為〜9G%···未滿3G%e χ，未押著上述按紐 開關138之狀態下，即，上述任何LED均不點燈或點滅（第 5圖（a)) ’該場合在結果上乃成為與相對顯示同樣。 在上述絕對顯示模態，其絕對殘存率，例如為9〇%以 上時，LED 140a〜140g就全部點燈，而表示充滿電狀態（ 第5圖（b))，而絕對殘存率愈少即其所點燈之led數就愈少 。又，上述電池102之充放電循環次數為所定值以上之場 合，或者，實際之放電電氣容量為所定值以下之場合等時 ’就依LED 140h之點滅而作需要再生放電之主旨的顯示（ 第5圖（d))。甚至，電池102因其壽命而達應更換之時期的 場合，LED 140h就會點燈（第5圖（e))。 隨著本電動補助自行車1之使用時間延長，即，上述 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐V. Description of the invention (7) The employee cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs will continue to press the warrior in its original state. After 5 seconds, it will become an absolute display mode (Figure 5) showing the above absolute residual rate. Just display the absolute rate for 10 seconds. If you continue to hold without letting go, the absolute rate display will be displayed for 5 seconds, and then it will change to the charge and discharge cycle number display mode (Figure 7), and the display will stop when you let go. In addition, if the push button switch 138 is pressed or not during charging, it becomes a charging display mode indicating the charging rate (Fig. 6). The operation marks 139 in FIGS. 4 to 7 indicate that the switches 138 are held. When the charging device 112 is connected to a socket, the charging device 112 is connected to a plug 123 for supplying AC power to the charging device η: via a connector 121 '122. The charging device 112 is a voltmeter provided with an AC / DC converter 124 that converts an AC source supplied from the connector 12 to 122 into a direct current, and measures the voltage value and current value of the converter 124. 125, ammeter 126 ', a discharger 135 for performing regenerative discharge of the above-mentioned rechargeable battery 102, and input values from the measured values of the above-mentioned voltmeter 125, ammeter 126, or a predetermined signal from the above-mentioned communication I / F 127, etc. Charge / discharge control section 128. The charging device 112 further includes a battery connection detection unit 129 that outputs a connection signal indicating that the charging device 112 is connected to the battery case 100 to the charging / discharging control unit 128. In addition, the charging device 112 is provided with a display device 119 indicating that the discharge is necessary, and an external discharge command 130 input from the input to the charging / discharging control unit 128 as a regenerative discharge instruction signal is provided. Discharge switch 131. Instead of the discharge switch 13 1, a discharge command 13 6 ′ can be input from the outside, and the regeneration switch 137 can be connected to the battery management and control unit 117. Here the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) < Please read the note on the back • Identifications 1 ^ write this page) ^ Install ---- I --- Order ----- II --- 11 483212 • A7 __ B7 V. Description of the invention (8) Occasionally, when the display device 119 shows the purpose of displaying the need for regenerative discharge, and when the regenerative switch 137 is turned on by operation, It is configured to output the regenerative discharge instruction signal to the charging device 112. The output of the AC / DC converter (converter) 124 is controlled by the charge / discharge control section 128 through the output control section 132, and the discharger 135 is controlled by the charge / discharge control section 128. The operation and effect of the display device according to this embodiment will be described below. The battery status display device 119 in this embodiment usually has a relative display mode as shown in FIG. 4. The LEDs 140a ... 140g of the display device 119 indicate that the relative survival rate is 100 to 80% ... 25 to 15% according to the number of lights. The 140g of LED starts to extinguish when its relative residual rate is less than 15%. If it is reduced further, the extinguishing speed will be accelerated. In the above-mentioned relative display mode, when the push-button switch 138 is not pressed, the LED is neither turned on nor turned off (Fig. 4 (a)). When the button switch 138 is pressed for a very short time (less than 1 second), that is, the display command 118 is input, the battery management-control unit in obtains the relative survival rate, and the relative survival rate is displayed on the display device 119 . For example, when the %% 'and the relative residual ratio' are 100 to 80%, all the LEDs 140a to 140g are turned on to indicate a fully charged state (Fig. 4 (1))). If the relative survival rate is less, the number of LEDs that are lit is less. When the relative survival rate is 25 to 15%, only the LED 140g is turned on, and when the relative survival rate is less than 15%, the LED 140g It started to ignite, and the faster the extinguishing speed was when the relative survival rate decreased (Figure 4 (c)). If the paper size of LED 140g is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ---------— II-- · II (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) -ISJ · Line · Printed by the Employee Consumption Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 12 Printed by the Employee Consumption Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 483212 5. Description of Invention (9) The user can know that the battery 102 needs to be charged. The battery management and control unit 117 judges when the number of charge / discharge cycles (cycles) of the battery 102 is greater than a predetermined value, or when the discharge is repeated and the electric capacity actually discharged is less than a predetermined value, When the regenerative discharge is necessary, it can be used to display the main purpose of the regenerative discharge (Figure 4). Even if the battery 102 is replaced due to its lifetime, the LED MOh will be turned off (Figure 4 (e)). In the above display device 119, if the user continues to hold down the button switch i38 for 5 seconds, it will become the absolute display mode as shown in FIG. 5, and the absolute display will be performed for 10 seconds when letting go. In the case of the absolute display mode, the number of LEDs 14〇 ^ " 14〇g of the display device 119 is turned on, and it means that ㈣㈣㈣ is ~ 9G% ... Less than 3G% e χ, and the above button is not pressed. In the state of the button switch 138, that is, none of the above-mentioned LEDs are turned on or off (Fig. 5 (a)). 'In this case, the result is the same as the relative display. In the above absolute display mode, when the absolute residual rate is, for example, 90% or more, all the LEDs 140a to 140g are turned on to indicate a fully charged state (Figure 5 (b)), and the smaller the absolute residual rate is The fewer leds it lights. In addition, when the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery 102 is above a predetermined value, or when the actual discharge electrical capacity is below the predetermined value, etc., the main purpose of regenerative discharge is displayed when the LED is turned off at 140h ( Figure 5 (d)). Even when the battery 102 is due to be replaced due to its life, the LED 140h is turned on (Fig. 5 (e)). As the use time of this electric assistance bicycle 1 is extended, that is, the above paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)
13 48321213 483212
五、發明說明（10 ) 實際容量等之於學習上的累積誤差變成較大，因此，在實 際之實用容量等與顯示内容之間，乃有相異產生之疑慮。 針對如是之場合，在本實施態樣，乃將事先所設定之檢出 電壓的補助動力供給動作接近於應停止之電壓時，就將上 述LED之點燈個數減少，使在上述所顯示之殘存率與補助 動力之供給停止之間，不發生不適應感。 上述顯示裝置119，若使用者將按鈕開關138經過5秒 鐘繼續押住而成為絕對顯示模態之後，亦再續予押住時就 成為如第6圖所示之充放電循環次數顯示模態。於該模態 ，即，LED 140a , 140b，140c，140d ,乃分別表示千、 百、十、個之位數，而充放電循環次數例如為31次之場合 ’乃如該圖（b)所示，表示十位數之LED 140c就會點滅3次 之同時，表示個位數之LED 140d點滅1次之動作，就在每t 秒鐘反覆動作。又，於充放電循環次數為1〇〇〇次之場合， 如該圖（c)所示，表示千位數之led 140a點滅1次之動作就 於每t秒鐘作反覆動作。 在上述充電中顯示模態，無關押住上述按鈕開關Π8 或否’均顯示充電率。此場合，該充電率例如為，100〜90〇/〇 時’ LED 140a〜140g全部均會點燈，而表示充滿電狀態（ 第7圖（a))，而充電率愈少即點燈之Led數就較少。若充電 率為25〜15%時，即僅有LED 140g點燈，而充電率為未滿 15%之場合，LED 140g就開始點滅，若該充電率更少即點 滅速度會更快速（第6圖（b))。 又’上述電池102之充放電循環次數成為所定值以上 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） I --------t-----11 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 14 483212 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（11 之場合，或者，實際之放電電氣容量成為所定值以下之場 合等，即，由於LED 140h之點滅就進行需要再生放電之 主旨的顯示（第7圖（C))〇並且，電池1〇2由於壽命而至應更 換之時期的場合，LED 140h就點燈（第7圖（d))。 如是，於本實施態樣，使絕對殘存率、相對殘存率、 充電率可作切換顯示，因此，於現時點之電池殘存容量對 於初期容量的程度及對實用容量的程度可予辨識。並且， 依絕對殘存率及相對殘存率之比較，能判斷電池之劣化狀 況，且能辨識電池壽命或更換時間，且能判斷使用中之電 池的殘存行走距離。又在充電時可判斷充電之進行情況， 乃能詳細了解電池狀態。 又，對維修檢查上所必要之告知資訊，例如，表示， 有必要充電之充電資訊，或表示有必要再生放電之再生放 電資訊，或表示有需要電池更換之電池更換資訊等均能獲 知0 於此，在本實施態樣，乃將上述LED 140a〜140g所 表示的％，因應顯示模態作為相異數值。例如，LED 140a ，140b，於相對顯示模態分別為100〜80%，〜65%，相 對地，在充電中之顯示模態即分別為100〜90%〜80%， 其能作更確實之充電之故。即，於充電中顯示模態上，為 100〜80%〜65%之場合，於80%程度之充電而所有之LED 均會點燈，使用者就判斷已充滿電，而可停止充電，於極 端之場合，以65%程度可能就有停止充電之慮，惟，由於 如同本實施態樣之設定，就可確保90%而於極端之場合亦 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀膂面之¾意事項 填寫本頁)V. Description of the invention (10) The cumulative error in actual capacity such as learning becomes larger. Therefore, there is a doubt that there is a difference between the actual practical capacity and the display content. For this case, in this embodiment, when the auxiliary power supply operation of the detection voltage set in advance is close to the voltage to be stopped, the number of lighting of the LED is reduced, so that There is no sense of discomfort between the survival rate and the stop of the supply of subsidy power. In the above display device 119, if the user continues to hold the button switch 138 for 5 seconds to become an absolute display mode, and then continues to hold it, it will become the display mode of the number of charge and discharge cycles as shown in FIG. 6 . In this mode, that is, the LEDs 140a, 140b, 140c, and 140d respectively represent thousands, hundreds, ten, and digits, and the number of charge and discharge cycles is 31, for example, as shown in (b) of the figure. As shown in the figure, the LED 140c indicating the ten-digit number will be turned off three times, and the LED 140d indicating the single-digit number will be turned off once, and it will be repeated every t seconds. When the number of charge-discharge cycles is 10,000 times, as shown in the figure (c), the action of turning off the led 140a once in thousands of digits is repeated every t seconds. The modal is displayed during the charging, regardless of whether the button switch Π8 or not is pressed, the charging rate is displayed. In this case, the charging rate is, for example, at 100 to 90 0/0 ', all of the LEDs 140a to 140g will be turned on, indicating a fully charged state (Figure 7 (a)), and the lower the charging rate, the lighter will be turned on. Led number is less. If the charging rate is 25 ~ 15%, only the LED 140g is turned on, and when the charging rate is less than 15%, the LED 140g starts to turn off. If the charging rate is less, the turning off speed will be faster ( Figure 6 (b)). Also, the number of charge and discharge cycles of the above battery 102 becomes a predetermined value or more. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) I -------- t ----- 11 ( Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 14 483212 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11 occasions, or actual discharge When the electric capacity is less than the set value, the display of the purpose of regenerative discharge is required when the LED is turned off for 140 hours (Figure 7 (C)). Also, the battery 102 is due to replace its battery due to its life. In the case of LED, the LED 140h is turned on (Figure 7 (d)). If so, in this embodiment, the absolute remaining rate, relative remaining rate, and charging rate can be switched and displayed. Therefore, the remaining battery capacity at the current point The degree of the initial capacity and the degree of the practical capacity can be identified. Moreover, according to the comparison of the absolute residual rate and the relative residual rate, the deterioration status of the battery can be judged, and the battery life or replacement time can be identified, and it can be judged The remaining walking distance of the battery in use. It can also judge the progress of charging when charging, so that you can understand the battery status in detail. In addition, the necessary information for maintenance inspection, such as indicating the charging information necessary for charging, It can be regenerative discharge information indicating the need for regenerative discharge, or battery replacement information indicating the need for battery replacement, etc. 0 is here. In this embodiment, the percentage indicated by the above LED 140a ~ 140g is displayed according to the display mode. The states are different values. For example, the LEDs 140a and 140b are 100 ~ 80% and 65% respectively in the relative display mode. In contrast, the display modes during charging are 100 ~ 90% ~ 80%. It can be used for more reliable charging. That is, in the display mode of charging, when it is 100 ~ 80% ~ 65%, it will be charged at 80% and all LEDs will be turned on, and the user will judge It is fully charged and can stop charging. In extreme cases, there may be a concern of stopping charging at 65%. However, because of the setting as in this embodiment, 90% can be ensured. Scale Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) (¾ precautions Please read the backbone of the face Complete this page)
15 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印創取 483212 ' A7 — * 1 ...... B7-. -- 五、發明說明（I2 ) 能確保80%之充電。 又’ LED 140f、140g，於相對顯示模態分別為〜25% 、〜15%，甚至以i4〇g之點滅亦顯示15〜〇%，相對地， 於絕對顯示模態即分別為〜3〇%、未滿30❶/c^其係在相對 顯示上，為能詳細獲知補助動力供給停止附近之較少的殘 存容量之故。另方面，於本實施態樣，係採用當絕對顯示 模態為40%以下時，電池壽命已盡之想法，乃以最小未滿 30%即足夠之故。 本發明之作用效果： 依據申請專利範圍第1項，由於將絕對殘存率、相對 殘存率 '充電率作成可切換顯示，因此，於現時點之電池 殘存容量對於初期容量之程度，及對於實際容量之程度可 辨識，並依絕對殘存率與相對殘存率之比較，就能獲知電 池之劣化狀態，記憶效果狀況等，又在充電時，亦可判斷 充電之進行情況，因此，能詳細獲知電池狀態。 依據申請專利範圍第2項之發明，除電池殘存率之外 ，在維修檢查上所必要之各種通知資訊，例如，申請專利 範圍第3項之發明的表示有必要充電之充電資訊或申請專 利範圍第4項之發明的表示有必要再生放電之再生放電資 訊均能獲知。 圖式之簡單說明 第1圖係表示具備依本發明一實施態樣之電池狀態顯 示裝置的電動補助自行車之側面圖。 第2圖係表示具有上述顯示裝置之電源裝置的方塊構 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） — II----— — — — — — ! I I I β I I I I I I I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 16 五、發明說明（l3 ) 成圖。 第3圖係表不上述顯不裝置之顯示盤的模式圖。 第4圖係表示上述顯示裝置之相對顯示模態說明圖。 第5圖係表示上述顯示裝置之絕對顯示模態說明圖。 第6圖係表示上述顯示裝置之充放電循環次數顯示模 態的圖面。 第7圖係表示上述顯示裝置之充電中顯示模態之圖面 〇 第8圖係表示本發明之方塊構成圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） _ 17 483212 . A7 B7 五、發明說明（14 元件標號對照 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 卜··電動補助自行車 102…充電電池 2···車體架構 103…溫度感測器 3…頂頭管 104，126···電流計 4…下降管 105…電池管理裝置 5…座塾管 106-EEPROM 6…鏈條抑制條 107，108，110，111 …連接器 7…座墊抑制條 109…車輛控制部 8…前面耙 112…充電裝置 9…前輪 113，114，115，116…連接器 10…方向把 117…電池管理控制部 11…水平管 118…顯示指令 12…鞍座 119…顯示裝置 13…後輪 119a…殘存率顯示部 15…電力裝置(單元） 119b…通知資訊顯示部 16…曲柄轴 120，127…通信I/F 16a···曲柄臂 121，122…連接器 16b"·腳蹬 123…插頭 17…電動馬達 124—AC/DC換流器 22…馬達驅動電路 125…電壓計 30…鍵條 128…充電放電控制部 100···電池盒 129…電池連接檢知部 10卜··單電池 130…放電指令 -------------· I I-----^ -------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 18 483212 A7 B7 五、發明說明（l5 ) 131…放電開關 132…輸出控制部 135…放電器 136…再生(補充)放電指令 137…再生(補充)開關 138…按鈕開關 139…操作標誌 400…充電式電池 401···電池狀態顯示裝置 402···顯示機構 402a…殘存率顯示部 402b…通知資訊顯示部 403…絕對殘存率演算機構 404…相對殘存率演算機構 405···充電率演算機構 406···顯示控制機構 --------訂-------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 1915 Intellectual Property Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 483212 'A7 — * 1 ...... B7-.-5. Description of the Invention (I2) can ensure 80% charge. In addition, the LEDs 140f and 140g have a relative display mode of ~ 25% and ~ 15%, respectively, and even show a 15 ~ 0% when turned off at the point of i40g. In contrast, the absolute display mode is ~ 3. 〇%, less than 30❶ / c ^ It is on the relative display, in order to know in detail the small remaining capacity near the stop of the subsidized power supply. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the idea that the battery life is exhausted when the absolute display mode is 40% or less is adopted, and the minimum of 30% is sufficient. Effect of the present invention: According to the first scope of the patent application, since the absolute remaining rate and the relative remaining rate 'charge rate are switchable, the extent of the remaining battery capacity at the current point to the initial capacity and the actual capacity The degree can be identified, and according to the comparison between the absolute residual rate and the relative residual rate, the deterioration state of the battery, the state of the memory effect, etc. can be known, and the progress of charging can be judged during charging, so the battery status can be known in detail . According to the invention in the scope of patent application No. 2, in addition to the battery remaining rate, various notification information necessary for maintenance inspection, for example, the invention in the scope of patent application No. 3 indicates the charging information necessary for charging or the scope of patent application The invention according to the fourth aspect is capable of knowing the regeneration discharge information indicating that the regeneration discharge is necessary. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a side view showing an electric assist bicycle provided with a battery status display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 shows the block structure of the power supply device with the above display device. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) — II ----— — — — — —! III β IIIIIII (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 16 V. Description of Invention (l3) Drawing. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a display panel of the above display device. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relative display mode of the display device. Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an absolute display mode of the display device. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a display mode of the number of charge and discharge cycles of the display device. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a display mode during charging of the above display device. Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the present invention. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) _ 17 483212. A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14 The component numbers are compared with those printed by the employee's consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ·· Electric assistance bicycle 102 ... Rechargeable battery 2 ... Body structure 103 ... Temperature sensor 3 ... Head tube 104, 126 ... Current meter 4 ... Down tube 105 ... Battery management device 5 ... Seat tube 106-EEPROM 6 ... Chain suppression Bars 107, 108, 110, 111 ... connector 7 ... seat restraining bar 109 ... vehicle control unit 8 ... front harrow 112 ... charging device 9 ... front wheels 113, 114, 115, 116 ... connector 10 ... direction handle 117 ... battery Management control section 11 ... Horizontal pipe 118 ... Display instruction 12 ... Saddle 119 ... Display device 13 ... Rear wheel 119a ... Survival rate display section 15 ... Power device (unit) 119b ... Notification information display section 16 ... Crankshaft 120, 127 ... Communication I / F 16a ... crank arm 121, 122 ... connector 16b " pedal 123 ... plug 17 ... electric motor 124-AC / DC converter 22 ... motor drive circuit 125 ... voltmeter 30 ... key bar 128 … Charging and discharging Manufacturing Department 100 ... Battery Box 129 ... Battery Connection Detection Unit 10 ... Single Battery 130 ... Discharge Command ------------- · I I ----- ^ --- ----- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 18 483212 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (l5) 131 ... Discharge switch 132 ... output control unit 135 ... discharger 136 ... regeneration (supplement) discharge instruction 137 ... regeneration (supplement) switch 138 ... button switch 139 ... operation mark 400 ... rechargeable battery 401 ... battery status display device 402 ... · Display mechanism 402a ... Residual rate display unit 402b ... Notification information display unit 403 ... Absolute residual rate calculation unit 404 ... Relative survival rate calculation unit 405 ... Charging rate calculation unit 406 ... Display control unit ------ --Order ------- line (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 Mm) 19