經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 479096 A7 B7 五、發明說明（1 ) 〔發明之所屬技術領域〕 本發明，係關於爲改良軟質地盤內之地盤所使用砂樁 之形成方法，及以該方法形成砂樁之裝置。 〔習知技術〕 習知，做爲該種砂樁之方法或裝置者，如日本專利第 2791914號所示者。 該專利所示之砂樁製成裝置爲，第1 5圖所示，在頂 部具備有振動錘4 6，在上方安裝有砂投入用漏斗4 2和 壓縮空氣供給管4 3之砂樁製成用空心管4 1之下部，設 置有藉由加壓水之供給而驅動之向下汽缸4 4，及以該向 下型汽缸4 4進行上下方向驅動之複數片呈放射狀之壓砂 兼排砂翼4 5。符號4 7表示供給加壓水予向下汽缸4 4 之加壓水供給管的砂樁形成裝置。 接著，使用該裝置之砂樁形成方法如下述。 首先，用振動錘4 6將空心管4 1打至指定深度，將 砂從漏斗4 2投入之同時，藉由壓縮空氣供給管4 3送入 壓縮空氣。此時，在空心管4 1內之空氣壓爲，使周圍土 壤不流入管內程度，而決不能使投入管內之砂被排出管外 的大空氣壓。 藉由於該狀態將加壓水壓送至汽缸4 4內，並將排砂 翼4 5以一定速度進行複數次之上下動作，使投入空心管 4 1之砂的一部份殘留，而其他大部份的砂藉由與排砂翼 4 5之接觸，強制性地被推往空心管4 1之下方而排出。 〜 ：I t 〆 --------------------訂---------線 t (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -4- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 479096 A7 B7___ 五、發明說明（2 ) 此日寸’將空心管4 1亦僅以指定長度從地盤抽出。藉此， 使所排出之砂能藉由排砂翼4 5進行壓實。 ' 如此將砂從軟質地盤中排出時，就解除管4 1內之壓 力，然後藉由漏斗4 2再次投入指定量的砂，與因應空心 管4 1下端位移之土壓保持平衡地進行藉由管內加壓和汽 缸4 4之起動使砂排出•壓實以及依指定長度抽出空心管 4 1之作業，之後，重覆進行該作業以製成砂樁。 另，上述加壓之程度，係藉由事先計算出因應空心管 4 1下端深度之土壓，而根據該土壓決定者。 此外，做爲其他之砂樁形成裝置，如本申請者之前申 請相關之日本專利特公平8 — 1 0 6 0號中所示者。 此爲，如第1 6圖所示，在設有使壓縮空氣導入管內 之噴嘴2 1的套管1 1前端，安裝有能保持具有指定比重 之球閥16可上下動作之圓筒狀前端蓋套13’ ，在套管 1 1前端（於第1 6圖中之下端）之開口部份，設有以該 球閥1 6堵塞之閥座部1 4之砂樁形成裝置，將套管打入 地盤時，該球閥1 6爲防止土砂侵入會將套管1 1前端堵 塞住，在排出砂樁形成用之砂時，因砂和壓縮空氣之壓力 使球閥1 6離開閥座部1 4，而在和前端蓋套1 3 ’之間 形成排砂用之間隙。 〔發明欲解決之課題〕 第1 5圖所示習知之砂樁形成裝置爲，在空心管內部 之前端側設有可上下移動之壓砂兼排砂翼的同時，也必須 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ~ -------------------訂---------線 —,fc (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 479096 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明（3 ) 設置要驅動該排砂翼之向下汽缸，這些會有因爲空心管內 投入之砂或嵌入空心管時之壓力而受損之虞慮，同時也會 有在排砂時反而變成障礙物之問題，此外，於該裝置中， 由於需要爲使向下汽缸起動之加壓水供給裝置或該控制裝 置等之附帶設備，使設備顯得宏大，而會有其準備或作業 上亦需要格外工時之問題。 此外，於使用該裝置形成砂樁之方法中，必須重覆地 進行以下作業即在空心管內投入指定量的砂，同時送入指 定壓力之壓縮空氣，藉由在該狀態之排出翼上下動作，使 砂被壓實，再抽出僅指定長度之空心管之作業，顯得工作 效率極差。又，因應空心管之抽出，雖爲保持與其下端位 移土壓的平衡而對管內之空氣壓進行控制，但因該土壓是 根據計算値，對實際地盤之狀況而言，未必是是最佳之空 氣壓，有無法進行所期望作業之虞慮。 另，如第1 6圖所示之裝置，在套管打入地盤時，因 其前端以球閥堵塞著，雖沒有海水或粘土質土砂侵入之於 虞慮，但反之，在排砂時，該球閥卻成爲障礙，而產生需 要時間來進行排砂之問題。 本發明之課題爲，解決上述習知之砂樁形成方法或裝 置既有之問題點。 〔解決課題之手段〕 爲解決上述之課題，本發明之中，申請專利範圍第1 項所記載之發明，其爲將備有球閥式前端蓋之套管打入軟 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -6- --------------------訂---------線 t (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 479096 A7 ___ B7 五、發明說明（4 ) 弱地盤中，於該套管內投入砂後，藉由投入砂形成砂樁之 部份的砂殘留在地盤中然後抽出該套管之砂樁形成方法中 ，:其特徵爲在將套管從地盤抽出時，控制前端蓋內部之空 氣壓使其相等於其周圍中所測定之土壓，藉此避免使套管 所形成之坑洞崩塌，而將砂塡實該坑洞。 申請專利範圍第2項所記載之發明，其爲將備有前端 蓋套管中所排出之砂，藉由套管之再貫入，使其被壓實之 同時並將砂樁直徑擴大之砂樁形成方法中，其特徵爲藉由 將套管之再貫入時之壓力，根據設於該套管前端之土壓計 的測定値而進行之控制，來形成具有所期望之強度及直徑 之砂樁。 申請專利範圍第3項所記載之發明，其爲由設有將壓 縮空氣導入於內部之噴嘴的套管以及安裝在該套管前端之 前端蓋所形成之砂樁形成裝置中，其特徵爲上述前端蓋之 組成爲，前端爲擴開略圓錐台形狀之前端蓋套，及可上下 移動且收納於該前端蓋套內之球閥，以及使該球閥接觸之 套管前端內呈密閉狀態之閥座部。對該前端蓋套，在其外 側設置可測定周圍土壓力之土壓偵測器之同時，在其內側 設置可測定套管內之空氣壓的壓力偵測器，並在其內部， 設置爲輸送壓縮空氣之空氣供給口。 申請專利範圍第4項所記載之發明，其特徵係將上述 申請專利範圍第3項所記載之發明的組成，於前端蓋之前 端，增加設置測定套管貫入壓力之土壓計。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ------------ΦΚ.--------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 479096 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（5 ) 〔發明之實施形態〕 以下，根據本發明圖示之實施形態進行詳細說明。另 ，:對與習知者同一功能之構件使用同符號。 第1圖爲本發明之砂樁形成裝置前端部份之剖視圖， 第2圖爲第1圖之A — A線剖面圖，第3圖爲第1圖之B 一 B線剖面圖，第4圖爲第1圖之C 一 C線剖面圖。該砂 樁形成裝置爲，在套管1 1前端（第1圖之下端）安裝球 閥式前端蓋1 2者，於海底等之堆積有粘土質層等之軟弱 地盤進行改良時，在該軟弱地盤內形成砂樁時所使用之裝 置。 套管1 1，係具有一定內徑的之筒狀者，其內徑使以 垂直狀態打設在地盤內之砂能塡實之，在其內部，設有貫 穿其壁面使噴射空氣噴出之噴嘴部2 1。該噴嘴部2 1將 噴射空氣往下方噴吐著。此外，在該套管1 1前端之內周 ，設有後述球閥壓接之閥座部1 4。 該閥座部1 4，係具有隨著從套管1 1內周面往軸心 側形成向下傾斜之上面部1 4 a，及在該上面部1 4 a內 周側和管內周面平行往下方延伸之內周面部1 4 b，以及 連續於該內周面部1 4 b之下側漸次接近管內周側之圓錐 狀下面部1 4 c。即，該閥座部1 4，係如第2圖所示， 其周圍設有放射狀複數之肋板1 4 d做爲補強，中介著該 肋板1 4 d接觸在套管1 1內周，而被固定著。 前端蓋1 2，係將壓接於上述閥座部1 4之球閥1 6 可上下移動地收納在中空圓錐台狀前端蓋套1 3內者。該 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -8 - --------------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 479096 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6 ) 前端蓋套1 3，係在其內周面往內方延伸對設有複數之肋 板1 5 (於圖示例爲4個）者’該肋板1 5 ’係其上端和 套管1 1前端（第1圖之下端）接觸。此外，肋板1 5之 內端，係其上半部爲和套管內周面上下方向連續之垂直部 1 5 a，下半部爲隨著下側之形成漸次地往軸心側傾斜成 二段之傾斜部1 5 b、1 5 c。 於前端蓋套1 3之下端外周面，嵌合著補強筒2 0。 在該補強筒2 0之內方，設有組合形狀於平面視略爲十字 狀之倒台形狀的一對補強構件1 8、1 8，從其交叉點上 方突出設有支撐台部1 7，同時在該支撐台部1 7上設有 上面爲圓弧狀彎曲之閥承部1 9。 球閥1 6，係其比重較粘土質土砂（泥砂）爲小，形 成空心，平時載置在上述閥承部1 9上，施工時當粘土質 土砂進入前端蓋套1 3，就藉由粘土質土砂浮上，而藉由 與閥座部1 4之壓接，封鎖套管1 1之下端。 於此，本發明之砂樁形成裝置，係在形成爲空心略圓 錐台形狀之前端蓋套1 3之外側，設置可測定周圍土壓力 之土壓偵測器S 1之同時，在與該偵測器S 1相對方向之 其前端蓋套1 3內側，設置可測定其內部壓力偵測器S 2 。此外，在前端蓋之前端（第1圖之下端），即，在補強 構件1 8之交叉點下側，設置可測定套管1 1打入時之貫 入壓力的土壓計S 3。 另，雖未圖示，但在該前端蓋套13，設置有爲輸送 壓縮空氣至其內部之空氣供給口。 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) ---------訂---------線#' 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -9 - 479096 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（7 ) 本發明之砂樁形成裝置’係具有上述之組成。 其次，對使用該砂樁形成裝置之本發明砂樁形成方法 ，：以在海底之軟弱地盤形成砂樁時之例子來進行說明。首 先，如第5圖所示當將砂樁形成裝置之前端放入海水中時 ，海水會自前端蓋套1 3下端開口侵入其內。此時，當海 水侵入某種程度時，因其內部之空氣壓會變高，故海水不 會侵入至球閥部1 4上側之套管1 1內。 接著，當從該狀態再將裝置往下降時，終於使前端蓋 1 2到達軟弱之黏土質土砂層3 1，將其貫入至軟弱之黏 土質土砂層3 1中。然後，如此地當將前端蓋1 2貫入至 軟弱之黏土質土砂層3 1時，黏土質土砂就會自前端蓋套 1 3下端開口侵入，比重較該黏土質土砂爲小之球閥1 6 ，會被推上，如第6圖所示，壓接於閥座部1 4之下面部 。藉此，套管1 1之下端被堵塞，而防止黏土質土砂侵入 至套管1 1內。 另，此時，前端蓋1 2貫入至軟弱之黏土質土砂層 3 1內之貫入量若變大，則球閥1 6所受之浮力亦會變大 0 如此，將前端蓋1 2貫穿過軟弱之黏土質土砂層3 1 ，如第7圖所示，當其貫入至軟弱之黏土質土砂層3 1下 側之硬質土砂層3 2時，由於球閥1 6會承受更大之浮力 ，而壓接於閥座部1 4，故於該狀態將砂S投入套管1 1 內。該投入砂之數量爲，根據砂之自重使球閥1 6不會下 降程度的數量。 --------!!^f--------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -10- 479096 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7__ 五、發明說明（8 ) 接著，使球閥1 6不會下降地將砂S投入套管1 1內 時，更使其前端貫入硬質土砂層3 2內。藉此，因使球閥 Γ 6又受更大之浮力作用，故套管1 1內成爲可投入砂S 之狀態，追加投入使球閥1 6不會下降程度之砂S。如此 般地，在重覆著對套管1 1內投入砂S，及對硬質土砂層 3 2之貫入之同時，如第8圖所示，使前端蓋1 2到達硬 質土砂層3 2下方之具有指定強度之地盤3 3爲止，不斷 地使裝置全體進行貫入。 此時，於本發明之砂樁形成裝置，是對隨其之貫入而 變化之周圍土壓，以前端蓋套1 3內之壓力來應對地進行 土壓偵測器S 1和壓力偵測器S 2測定質之比對，然後從 未圖示之空氣供給口輸送壓縮空氣至該前端蓋套1 3內。 接著，如此般地當前端蓋1 2到達指定之地盤3 3時 ，就將裝置全體進行抽出。此時，於本發明之砂樁形成裝 置，由於是將前端蓋套1 3內壓力大致等於周圍土壓地使 壓縮空氣從開口在前端蓋套1 3內之空氣供給口（未圖示 )輸送至前端蓋套1 3內，伴隨著該抽出使形成在前端蓋 套1 3下側之坑洞（參考第9圖之符號3 4 )內的壓力亦 保持和周圍土壓相等。藉此，使該坑洞不致崩塌。 又，連動於該抽出，在套管1 1內導入壓縮空氣的同 時，從噴嘴部1 2噴出噴射空氣，藉此，對投入在套管 1 1內之砂S進行往下方之加壓，使壓接於閥座部1 4之 球閥1 6因而被推下。藉此，使套管1 1下端開放，在套 管1 1內之砂，係從閥座部1 4經球閥1 6和前端蓋套 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -11 - -----------f--------訂---------線» (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 479096 A7 ____ B7 五、發明說明（9 ) 1 3之間的間隙，如第9圖箭頭所示地被排出在其下方之 坑洞3 4內。 、此時，於本發明之砂樁形成裝置，由於前端蓋套1 3 疋开< 成爲下擴開之空心圓錐台狀，故砂S之排出能順利 進行。其理由爲，因球閥1 6下降時，其周圍和前端蓋套 1 3內面間所形成砂經過之間隙，比圓筒形之前端蓋套時 還寬廣，且，在砂S和前端蓋套1 3內面間變得幾乎沒有 摩擦產生的原故。 幾乎沒有該摩擦產生之理由如下述。 總之，在習知之圓筒形之前端蓋套的狀況下，如第 1 1圖所示當在其內部塡塞有高度Η之砂S時，就如第 1 2圖所示會產生做爲砂重量和砂內部摩擦角函數來表示 之水平力Ρ。該Ρ係因砂和蓋套內壁面之摩擦而往上方傾 斜（5。針對壁面將Ρ分解成垂直方向和水平方向時，分別 於壁面產生垂直作用力Ρν和於壁面產生水平作用力Ρι^。 接著於壁面產生垂直作用力Ρ ν中因砂和壁面之摩擦使壁面 水平方向產生向上之摩擦力P nf。一般是P nf>p l ’使砂 不可能往下方移動或移動上有所障礙。 針對此事，於空心圓錐形狀之前端蓋套狀況下’如第 1 3圖所示當在其內部塡塞有高度Η之砂s時’就如第 1 4圖所示會產生做爲砂重量和砂內部摩擦角函數來表示 之水平力Ρ，同樣的該Ρ係因砂和蓋套內壁面之摩擦而往 上方傾斜5。但是，因於壁面垂直方向是傾斜0，故壁面 垂直方向作用力Ρ Ν，和圓筒形之狀況相比就變得比較小。 1本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格^⑺^^抑公餐^ ' 12 --------------------訂—-----線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 479096 A7 ____ B7 五、發明說明（1〇 ) 反之壁面平行方向作用力p L，和圓筒形之狀況相比就變得 比較大。接著於壁面產生垂直作用力Pn中因砂和壁面之摩 擦使壁面水平方向產生向上之摩擦力p N F也變得比較小。 故根據壁面之傾斜角度Θ的大小會使P N F < P t之傾斜角度 存在，結果是因爲砂和壁面之摩擦力從表面上來看是等於 零的原故。 接著，如此般地，藉由從硬質砂土層抽出砂樁形成裝 置，使投入在套管1 1內之砂S，經過前端蓋1 2往下方 排出，使形成在其下側之坑洞3 4內塡滿砂S。然後，當 依指定長度抽出套管1 1時，此次。再度將該套管1 1往 下推使其貫入所排出之砂中。此時，球閥1 6如第1 0圖 所示藉由侵入在前端蓋套1 3內之砂而被推上，壓接於閥 座部1 4並封鎖套管1 1之下端。藉此，被投入在形成於 土砂層坑洞內之砂，在前端蓋1 2被加壓而如第1 0圖所 示被擴徑。 此時，於本發明之砂樁形成方法中，以安裝在前端蓋 1 2前端之土壓偵測器S 3測定套管1 1之貫入壓力，將 該壓力控制成因應土質之指定壓力。因此，藉由套管1 1 之再貫入而被推壓的砂，就成爲具有指定外徑及指定長度 以及指定壓密度之砂樁。 以下，藉由重覆進行同樣之動作，如第1 0圖所示使 硬質土砂層3 2內及粘土質土砂層3 1內’形成具有指定 外徑及壓密度之砂樁S P。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -13- ------!i^f--------^---------線·. (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 479096 A7 ____ B7 五、發明說明（11 ) 〔發明效果〕 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 如以上說明，本發明之中，於申請專利範圍第1項所 記載之砂樁形成方法，是在將套管從地盤抽出時，因是將 前端蓋內部之空氣壓控制成和其周圍中所測定之土壓相等 ’故以套管形成之坑洞不會崩塌而在其內部能塡滿砂，使 該方法具有確實形成所期望之砂樁的效果。 於申請專利範圍第2項所記載之砂樁形成方法，因是 將套管再貫入時之壓力，根據設在其前端之土壓計的測定 値來進行控制，故不受限於土質條件，使該方法能有確實 形成具所期望之強度及直徑之砂樁的效果。 申請專利範圍第3項所記載之砂樁形成裝置，因是將 組成球閥式前端蓋外部之前端蓋套，形成爲前端擴開之圓 錐台形狀者，在其外側設置土壓偵測器的同時，在其內側 設置壓力偵測器，並設有輸送壓縮空氣至其內部之空氣供 給口，故具有在砂被順利排出的同時，可控制其內部之空 氣壓，使砂塡滿之坑洞不致崩塌的效果。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 申請專利範圍第4項所記載之發明，由於是在前端蓋 之前端設有測定套管貫入壓力之土壓計’而增加上述申請 專利範圍第3項所記載之發明效果，其有使藉由套管之再 貫入時砂樁之擴徑及壓實作業’可根據土壓計之測定値’ 能容易且正確的進行等之效果。 〔圖式之簡單說明〕 第1圖爲本發明相關砂樁形成裝置實施形態之主要部 -14- ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 479096 A7 - _ B7 五、發明說明（12) 份縱剖視圖。 第2圖爲第1圖A — A線之剖面圖。 '第3圖爲第1圖B — B線之剖面圖。 第4圖爲第1圖C 一 C線之剖面圖。 第5圖爲表示本發明之砂樁形成裝置使用狀態之一步 驟槪略剖視圖。 第6圖爲表示本發明之砂樁形成裝置使用狀態之一步 驟槪略剖視圖。 第7圖爲表示本發明之砂樁形成裝置使用狀態之一步 驟槪略剖視圖。 第8圖爲表示本發明之砂樁形成裝置使用狀態之一步 驟槪略剖視圖。 第9圖爲表示本發明之砂樁形成方法剖視說明圖。 第1 0圖爲表示本發明之砂樁形成方法剖視說明圖。 第11圖爲表示在圓筒形蓋套內放入指定數量砂之狀 態簡略剖面圖。 第12圖爲表示作用於第11圖所示之蓋套內壁面之 應力說明圖。 第1 3圖爲表示在空心圓錐形狀蓋套內放入指定數量 砂之狀態簡略剖面圖。 第1 4圖爲表示作用於第1 3圖所示之蓋套內壁面之 應力說明圖。 第1 5圖爲表示砂樁形成裝置習知例之簡略剖視圖。 第1 6圖爲表示砂樁形成裝置其他習知例之簡略剖視 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -15- ---------------tr---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 479096 A7 B7 五、發明說明（13) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 號說明〕 1 1 套管 1 2 前端蓋 1 3 前端蓋套 1 4 閥座部 1 5 肋板 1 6 球閥 1 7 支撐台咅β 1 8 補強構件 1 9 閥承部 2 0 補強筒 2 1 噴嘴部 3 4 坑洞 S 1 土壓偵測器 S 2 壓力偵測器 S 3 土壓計 S P 砂樁 -----------Lf--------tT---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -16-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 479096 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a method for forming sand piles used to improve a construction site in a soft construction site, and the method Method for forming a sand pile. 〔Known Technique〕 As a method or device for this kind of sand pile, it is known as shown in Japanese Patent No. 2791914. The sand pile making device shown in this patent is made of a sand pile as shown in FIG. 15 with a vibrating hammer 4 6 on the top and a sand input funnel 4 2 and a compressed air supply pipe 43 on the top. The lower part of the hollow tube 41 is provided with a downward cylinder 4 4 driven by the supply of pressurized water, and a plurality of radial sand presses which are driven by the downward cylinder 4 4 in the vertical direction. Sand Wing 4 5. Reference numeral 4 7 denotes a sand pile forming device that supplies pressurized water to a pressurized water supply pipe of the lower cylinder 4 4. Next, the method for forming a sand pile using this device is as follows. First, the hollow pipe 41 is driven to a specified depth with a vibrating hammer 46, and the sand is fed from the hopper 42 and compressed air is supplied through the compressed air supply pipe 43. At this time, the air pressure in the hollow tube 41 is such that the surrounding soil does not flow into the tube, and the sand that is put into the tube must not be forced out by the large air pressure outside the tube. Due to this state, the pressurized water is sent into the cylinder 4 4 and the sand ejection blade 45 is moved up and down at a certain speed, so that a part of the sand put into the hollow tube 41 remains, and the other large Part of the sand is forcibly pushed below the hollow tube 41 by contact with the sand ejection blade 45 and discharged. ~: I t 〆 -------------------- Order --------- line t (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -4- Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 479096 A7 B7___ V. Description of the invention (2) This day's size will be hollow tube 4 1 Also extracted from the site only at the specified length. Thereby, the discharged sand can be compacted by the sand discharging blade 45. '' When the sand is discharged from the soft ground in this way, the pressure in the tube 41 is released, and then a specified amount of sand is re-injected through the funnel 4 2 to maintain a balance with the earth pressure corresponding to the displacement of the lower end of the hollow tube 41. The pressurization in the tube and the activation of the cylinder 4 4 cause the sand to be discharged and compacted, and the hollow tube 4 1 is drawn out by a specified length. After that, the operation is repeated to make a sand pile. In addition, the degree of the above-mentioned pressure is determined by calculating the earth pressure corresponding to the depth of the lower end of the hollow pipe 41 in advance and determining the earth pressure. In addition, as other sand pile forming devices, such as those shown in the related Japanese patent application No. 8-1060 previously filed by the applicant. As shown in FIG. 16, a cylindrical front end cap capable of holding a ball valve 16 having a specified specific gravity and capable of moving up and down is installed at the front end of the sleeve 11 provided with the nozzle 21 of the compressed air introduction pipe. The sleeve 13 'is provided with a sand pile forming device for the valve seat portion 14 blocked by the ball valve 16 at the opening portion of the front end (lower end in Fig. 16) of the sleeve 11 to drive the sleeve into At the time of construction, the ball valve 16 prevents the intrusion of soil and sand and blocks the front end of the casing 11. When the sand for forming the sand pile is discharged, the ball valve 16 leaves the valve seat portion 14 due to the pressure of sand and compressed air, and A clearance for sand removal is formed between the cover and the front cover 1 3 ′. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The conventional sand pile forming device shown in FIG. 15 is that a sand pressing and sand discharging wing that can move up and down is provided on the front end side of the hollow tube. National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) ~ ------------------- Order --------- line—, fc (please Read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 479096 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Set the downward cylinder to drive the sand removal wing. There is a concern that the sand injected into the pipe or the pressure when it is embedded in the hollow pipe will be damaged. At the same time, there will be a problem that it will become an obstacle when the sand is discharged. In addition, in this device, it is necessary to add Ancillary equipment, such as a pressurized water supply device or the control device, makes the equipment look grand, and there is a problem that it requires extra working hours in preparation or operation. In addition, in the method of using the device to form a sand pile, the following operations must be repeated, that is, a specified amount of sand is put into the hollow pipe, and at the same time compressed air of a specified pressure is fed, and the ejection wing in this state moves up and down The work of making the sand compacted and then extracting the hollow tube of only the specified length seems extremely inefficient. In addition, according to the extraction of the hollow pipe, although the air pressure in the pipe is controlled in order to maintain a balance with the earth pressure at the lower end of the displacement, the earth pressure is calculated based on the calculation, so it may not be the most important condition for the actual site. There is a possibility that the desired air pressure cannot be obtained due to the good air pressure. In addition, as shown in Figure 16, when the casing is driven into the ground, the front end of the casing is blocked by a ball valve. Although there is no concern about seawater or clay soil sand intrusion, on the contrary, when sand is discharged, the Ball valves have become an obstacle, which has caused problems that require time for sand removal. The problem of the present invention is to solve the existing problems of the conventional sand pile forming method or device. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, the invention described in the first patent application scope applies the Chinese national standard for driving a sleeve provided with a ball valve type front cover into a soft paper standard. (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -6- -------------------- Order --------- line t (please first Read the phonetic on the back? Matters need to fill in this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 479096 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of the invention (4) In the weak ground, the sand is formed by putting sand into the casing. In the method for forming a sand pile in which a part of the sand pile remains in the site and then withdraws the casing, it is characterized in that when the casing is withdrawn from the site, the air pressure inside the front cover is controlled to be equal to its surroundings. The measured soil pressure is used to prevent the pits formed by the casing from collapsing, and the sand is used to compact the pits. The invention described in item 2 of the scope of the patent application is a sand pile in which sand discharged from a casing provided with a front end cover is re-introduced so that it is compacted and the diameter of the sand pile is enlarged. The forming method is characterized in that a sand pile having a desired strength and diameter is formed by controlling the pressure at the time of re-entering the casing according to the measurement of a soil pressure gauge provided at the front end of the casing. . The invention described in claim 3 of the scope of patent application is a sand pile forming device formed by a sleeve provided with a nozzle for introducing compressed air into the interior and an end cap installed before the front end of the sleeve. The front cover is composed of a front end cover with a slightly conical shape, and a ball valve that can be moved up and down and stored in the front cover, and a valve seat in the front end of the sleeve that contacts the ball valve. unit. The front cover is provided with a soil pressure detector capable of measuring the surrounding earth pressure on the outer side thereof, and a pressure detector capable of measuring the air pressure in the casing on the inner side thereof, and is provided for conveyance in the inside thereof. Air supply port for compressed air. The invention described in item 4 of the scope of patent application is characterized in that an earth pressure gauge for measuring the penetration pressure of the casing is added to the front end of the composition of the invention described in item 3 of the scope of patent application. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ------------ ΦΚ .-------- Order -------- -Line · (Please read the phonetic on the back? Matters before filling out this page) 479096 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (5) [Implementation Mode of the Invention] The following is a diagram according to the present invention The embodiment will be described in detail. In addition, the same symbol is used for components with the same function as the learner. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the front part of the sand pile forming device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 It is a sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 1. This sand pile forming device is a ball valve type front cover 12 installed at the front end of the casing 11 (lower end of Fig. 1), and when the soft ground with a clay layer and the like is improved on the sea floor, the soft ground is improved. The device used to form sand piles inside. The casing 11 is a cylindrical tube with a certain inner diameter. The inner diameter of the sleeve 11 can be used to solidify the sand that is set in the vertical position in the ground. Inside it, there is a nozzle that penetrates the wall surface to spray the air Department 2 1. The nozzle portion 21 sprays the ejected air downward. In addition, on the inner periphery of the front end of the sleeve 11, a valve seat portion 14 for ball valve crimping described later is provided. The valve seat portion 14 has an upper surface portion 1 4 a which is inclined downward as it is formed from the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 11 toward the axial center side, and an inner peripheral side of the upper surface portion 1 4 a and a tube inner peripheral surface. The inner peripheral surface 1 4 b extending parallel downwards, and the conical lower surface portion 1 4 c that continuously approaches the lower side of the inner peripheral surface 1 4 b gradually approaches the inner peripheral side of the tube. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the valve seat portion 14 is provided with a plurality of radial ribs 1 4 d for reinforcement, and the ribs 1 4 d contact the inner periphery of the sleeve 11 through the ribs 1 4 d. While being fixed. The front end cap 12 is a ball valve 16 which is crimped to the valve seat portion 14 and can be moved up and down in a hollow conical frustum-shaped front end cap cover 1 3. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -8--------------------- Order ------ --- Line (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page) 479096 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) The front cover 1 3 is extended inward on its inner peripheral surface. The ribs 15 (four in the example shown in the figure) are such that the upper end of the rib 15 is in contact with the front end of the sleeve 11 (the lower end in FIG. 1). In addition, the inner end of the rib 15 is a vertical part 15a continuous with the upper and lower directions of the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve, and the lower half is gradually inclined toward the axial center side as the lower side is formed. The two inclined sections 1 5 b, 1 5 c. A reinforcing cylinder 20 is fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the front cover 13. Inside the reinforcing tube 20, a pair of reinforcing members 18, 18 combined in the shape of a cross-shaped inverted platform in plan view is provided, and a supporting platform portion 17 is protruded from above the intersection point. The support base portion 17 is provided with a valve receiving portion 19 whose upper surface is curved in an arc shape. The ball valve 16 has a smaller specific gravity than the clay soil sand (mud sand) and forms a hollow. It is usually placed on the valve bearing portion 19 above. When the clay soil enters the front cover 13 during construction, the clay The earth and sand float on, and the lower end of the sleeve 11 is closed by pressure contact with the valve seat portion 14. Here, the sand pile forming device of the present invention is provided with a soil pressure detector S 1 capable of measuring the surrounding earth pressure on the outer side of the end cover sleeve 1 3 before being formed into a hollow slightly conical shape. The inner side of the front cover 1 3 of the detector S 1 in the opposite direction is provided with an internal pressure detector S 2 for measuring. Further, an earth pressure gauge S 3 is provided at the front end of the front end cover (lower end in FIG. 1), that is, below the intersection of the reinforcing member 18, to measure the penetration pressure when the casing 11 is driven. Although not shown, the front end cover 13 is provided with an air supply port for transmitting compressed air to the inside. (Please read the phonetic on the back? Matters before filling out this page) --------- Order --------- line # 'Printed on paper by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) -9-479096 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) The sand pile forming device of the present invention has the above-mentioned composition. Next, the sand pile forming method of the present invention using the sand pile forming device will be described with an example when a sand pile is formed on a weak ground on the sea floor. First, as shown in Figure 5, when the front end of the sand pile forming device is placed in seawater, the seawater will penetrate into the opening from the lower end of the front cover 13. At this time, when the sea water intrudes to a certain extent, the air pressure inside the seawater becomes high, so the seawater does not enter the casing 11 on the upper side of the ball valve portion 14. Then, when the device is further lowered from this state, the front end cover 12 is finally made to reach the weak clay soil sand layer 31 and penetrated into the weak clay soil sand layer 31. Then, when the front end cover 12 is penetrated into the weak clay soil sand layer 31 in this way, the clay soil sand will intrude from the opening at the lower end of the front cover cover 1 3, and the ball valve 1 6 is smaller than the clay soil sand. It will be pushed up, as shown in Fig. 6, and crimped to the lower surface of the valve seat portion 14. Thereby, the lower end of the casing 11 is blocked, and the clay soil is prevented from entering the casing 11. In addition, at this time, if the penetration amount of the front cover 12 into the weak clayey soil sand layer 31 becomes larger, the buoyancy of the ball valve 16 will also increase to 0. As a result, the front cover 12 will pass through the weak As shown in Figure 7, when the clay soil layer 3 1 penetrates into the hard clay layer 3 2 below the weak clay soil layer 3 1, the ball valve 16 will bear greater buoyancy, and the pressure Since it is connected to the valve seat portion 14, sand S is put into the sleeve 1 1 in this state. The amount of the input sand is the amount by which the ball valve 16 does not drop according to the weight of the sand. -------- !! ^ f -------- Order --------- Line · (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) -10- 479096 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7__ V. Description of the Invention (8) Next, make the ball valve 16 not drop the sand S When it is put into the casing 11, its front end penetrates into the hard soil sand layer 32. As a result, the ball valve Γ 6 is subjected to greater buoyancy, so that the sand S can be put into the casing 11, and the sand S can be added to the extent that the ball valve 16 does not fall. In this way, while repeatedly inserting sand S into the casing 11 and penetrating into the hard soil sand layer 32, as shown in FIG. 8, the front end cover 12 is brought to the bottom of the hard soil sand layer 32. As long as the site 33 has a predetermined strength, the entire device is continuously penetrated. At this time, in the sand pile forming device of the present invention, the earth pressure detector S 1 and the pressure detector are responded to the surrounding earth pressure that changes with its penetration by using the pressure in the front cover 13. S 2 measures the mass ratio, and then sends compressed air from the air supply port (not shown) into the front cover 13. Then, when the front end cap 12 reaches the designated site 33 in this way, the entire device is pulled out. At this time, in the sand pile forming device of the present invention, since the internal pressure of the front cover 13 is substantially equal to the surrounding earth pressure, compressed air is transported from an air supply port (not shown) that is opened in the front cover 13. Into the front end cover 13, the pressure in the pit (refer to the reference numeral 3 4 in FIG. 9) formed on the lower side of the front end cover 13 is also kept equal to the surrounding earth pressure with the extraction. This prevents the pothole from collapsing. In conjunction with this extraction, the compressed air is introduced into the casing 11 and the jet air is ejected from the nozzle portion 12 to thereby pressurize the sand S inserted into the casing 11 to lower the pressure. The ball valve 16 crimped to the valve seat portion 14 is thus pushed down. With this, the lower end of the casing 11 is opened, and the sand in the casing 11 is passed from the valve seat portion 14 through the ball valve 16 and the front cover. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) -11------------ f -------- order --------- line »(Please read the note on the back? Matters before (Fill in this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 479096 A7 ____ B7 V. The gap between the description of invention (9) 1 3, as shown in the arrow in Fig. 9 is drained out of the pothole 3 4 Inside. At this time, in the sand pile forming device of the present invention, since the front end cover 1 3 is opened < becomes a hollow conical truncated cone shape, the discharge of the sand S can be smoothly performed. The reason is that when the ball valve 16 is lowered, the gap formed by the surrounding of the ball valve and the inner surface of the front cover 13 is wider than that of the cylindrical front cover, and the sand S and the front cover are wider. 1 3 There is almost no cause of friction between the inner surfaces. The reason why there is almost no such friction is as follows. In short, under the condition of the conventional cylindrical front cover, as shown in FIG. 11, when sand S is highly congested inside, it will be produced as sand as shown in FIG. 12. Horizontal force P expressed as a function of weight and internal friction angle of sand. The P system is inclined upward due to the friction between the sand and the inner wall surface of the cover (5. When P is decomposed into a vertical direction and a horizontal direction for the wall surface, a vertical force Pν is generated on the wall surface and a horizontal force P1 ^ is generated on the wall surface, respectively. Next, a vertical force P ν is generated on the wall surface due to the friction between the sand and the wall surface, resulting in an upward friction force P nf in the horizontal direction of the wall surface. Generally, P nf > pl 'makes it impossible for the sand to move downward or have obstacles in movement. In this case, in the condition of the end cap sleeve before the hollow cone shape, as shown in FIG. 13 when a high degree of sand s is congested in its interior, as shown in FIG. 14, the weight and The horizontal force P expressed as a function of the internal friction angle of sand, the same P is inclined upward due to the friction between sand and the inner wall surface of the cover 5. However, because the vertical direction of the wall surface is inclined 0, the vertical force P on the wall surface Ν, compared with the cylindrical shape, it becomes smaller. 1 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ^ ⑺ ^ 抑 公 餐 ^ '12 ----------- --------- Order ------- line (please read the notes on the back before filling (This page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 479096 A7 ____ B7 V. Description of the invention (10) Conversely, the force p L in the parallel direction of the wall surface becomes larger compared to the cylindrical shape. Next, In the vertical force Pn generated by the wall surface, the upward frictional force p NF in the horizontal direction of the wall surface due to the friction between sand and the wall surface becomes relatively small. Therefore, the inclination angle of PNF < P t exists according to the inclination angle Θ of the wall surface. The result is that the friction between the sand and the wall surface is equal to zero. Then, in this way, by pulling out the sand pile forming device from the hard sand layer, the sand S put into the casing 11 is made, It is discharged downward through the front end cover 12 so that the pits 3 4 formed on the lower side are filled with sand S. Then, when the sleeve 11 is withdrawn by a specified length, this time. This sleeve 1 1 is again Push down to penetrate the discharged sand. At this time, as shown in Fig. 10, the ball valve 16 is pushed up by the sand that penetrates into the front cover 13 and is crimped to the valve seat portion 14 and The lower end of the casing 1 is blocked. As a result, the casing is put into the soil The sand in the layer pit is pressurized at the front end cover 12 and expanded in diameter as shown in Fig. 10. At this time, in the sand pile forming method of the present invention, the soil at the front end of the front end cover 12 is installed. The pressure detector S 3 measures the penetration pressure of the casing 11 and controls the pressure to a specified pressure in accordance with the soil quality. Therefore, the sand that is pushed by the re-entry of the casing 1 1 has a specified outer diameter. And a sand pile of a specified length and a specified pressure density. Hereinafter, the same operation is repeated by repeating, as shown in FIG. 10, to form the inside of the hard soil sand layer 3 2 and the inside of the clay soil sand layer 31 to have a specified outer diameter. And compacted sand pile SP. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -13- ------! I ^ f -------- ^ --------- Line .. (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page) 479096 A7 ____ B7 V. Description of the invention (11) [Effects of the invention] (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) As explained above, In the present invention, the method for forming a sand pile described in item 1 of the scope of patent application is to control the air pressure inside the front end cover to the earth pressure measured in the surrounding area when the casing is withdrawn from the site. Equal ', so the pits formed by the casing will not collapse and can be filled with sand in the interior, so that the method has the effect of forming the desired sand pile. The method for forming a sand pile described in item 2 of the scope of patent application is not limited to soil conditions because the pressure at which the casing is re-penetrated is controlled based on the measurement pressure of a soil pressure gauge provided at the front end. This method has the effect of reliably forming a sand pile with a desired strength and diameter. The sand pile forming device described in the scope of the patent application No. 3 is formed by forming a cone-shaped table with the front end of the ball valve type front cover and forming an outer front end cover, and installing an earth pressure detector on the outside. A pressure detector is set on the inside, and an air supply port is provided to convey compressed air to the inside, so it can control the air pressure inside the sand while the sand is being discharged smoothly, so that the pit full of sand will not be Crash effect. The invention described in item 4 of the scope of patent application was printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, because the earth pressure gauge for measuring the penetration pressure of the casing is provided at the front end of the front cover. According to the described invention effect, the diameter expansion and compaction operation of the sand pile at the time of re-penetration of the casing can be performed easily and accurately, such as by the measurement of a soil pressure gauge. [Brief description of the drawings] Figure 1 is the main part of the implementation form of the sand pile forming device of the present invention. -14- ^ The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative 479096 A7-_ B7 V. Description of the invention (12) A longitudinal section view. Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1. 'Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line C-C in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one step of the use state of the sand pile forming apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one step of the use state of the sand pile forming apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one step of the use state of the sand pile forming apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one step of the use state of the sand pile forming apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a method for forming a sand pile according to the present invention. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a method for forming a sand pile according to the present invention. Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where a specified amount of sand is placed in a cylindrical cover. Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the stress acting on the inner wall surface of the cover shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a schematic sectional view showing a state in which a specified amount of sand is placed in a hollow conical cover. Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the stress acting on the inner wall surface of the cover shown in Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a schematic sectional view showing a conventional example of a sand pile forming device. Figure 16 is a simplified cross-section view showing other conventional examples of sand pile forming devices. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -15- ---------- ----- tr --------- line · (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 479096 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (13) Printed by the Employees' Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs No.] 1 1 Sleeve 1 2 Front cover 1 3 Front cover 1 4 Valve seat 1 5 Rib plate 1 6 Ball valve 1 7 Support base 咅 β 1 8 Reinforcing member 1 9 Valve support 2 0 Reinforcing cylinder 2 1 Nozzle Part 3 4 Pothole S 1 Earth Pressure Detector S 2 Pressure Detector S 3 Earth Pressure Gauge SP Sand Pile ----------- Lf -------- tT --- ------ Line · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -16-