46 8 304 經濟部智恶財產局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 £7______ 五、發明説明（1.) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種線型馬達，更詳細地係關於驅動線 型馬達時，可減少所產生之垂直力及分塊探軋（cogging) 之線型馬達。 【習知之技術】 一般而言，習知之線型馬達，如圖一及圖二所示，係 由屬於磁場後鐵50及配置於前述後鐵50上面，具備多數 線圈單元51之定子52，及位於電樞後鐵53與前述線圈單 元51之上部，同時隔離規定間隔程度滑動移動，附著於前 述電樞後鐵53之多數磁鐵54而成之動子55所構成。 前述線圈單元51，如圖二所示，係將線圈58纏繞於 屬磁性體之芯子57規定捲數程度所構成。 構成如上述習知之線型馬達，如果形成在線圈單元51 之線圈58附加電流，即由前述線圈58產生磁場*同時由 設置於前述動子56之磁鐵54產生磁場。由於產生推力因 而移動動子56。在此所產生之磁場如欲由前述線圈單元51 及磁鐵54形成關閉電路，係需與磁性體構成前述磁場及電 樞後鐵50、53。亦即，由前述線圈單元51及磁鐵54產生 之磁場’係藉由前述磁場及電樞後鐵50、53設定便於形成 磁場關閉電路。 但如上所述，若與磁性體形成磁場及電樞後鐵同時維 持互相對向之狀態，即具有在前述磁場及電樞後鐵50、53 之間產生垂直力之問題。 藉由在前述磁場及電樞後鐵50、53之間產生垂直力移 (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 線 本紙張纽適用中Η1家樣芈（挪）人4狀 (210X297公釐） 4 68 304 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2.) 動動子56時，因前逑垂直力而降低控制動予之控制猜密 度》前述垂直力大時，係要求限定動予56垂直位置之另一 控制器具。 而且如欲構成前述定子52係應將屬於較小零件之多數 t子57及線圈58附著於磁場後鐵5〇，因此具有線型 之裝配作業係造成困難工作之問題。 … 【發明欲解決之課題】 本發明之目的係在提供為解決如習知上述問題所提 出、不限制從線圈單元及磁鐵所產生之磁場關閉電路，構 成以免在磁場及電樞後鐵間產生之垂直力達到外部直線運 動導引器（圖未示出）之線型馬達。 而且本發明之其他目的係在提供可提高定子裝配效率 之線型馬達。 【解決課題之裝置】 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 A. 局 員 X 消 費 合 作 社 印 製46 8 304 Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 £ 7 ______ V. Description of the invention (1.) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] This invention relates to a linear motor, and more specifically to the drive of a linear motor Linear motors that reduce the vertical forces and cogging produced. [Known technology] Generally, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the conventional linear motor is composed of a back iron 50 belonging to a magnetic field and a stator 52 disposed on the back iron 50, which has a plurality of coil units 51, and The armature rear iron 53 and the upper part of the coil unit 51 are separated from each other by sliding at a predetermined interval, and a plurality of magnets 54 attached to the armature rear iron 53 are formed. The coil unit 51 is formed by winding a coil 58 around a core 57 made of a magnetic material to a predetermined number of turns, as shown in FIG. When a conventional linear motor is configured as described above, if a current is applied to the coil 58 formed in the coil unit 51, a magnetic field is generated by the coil 58 * and a magnetic field is generated by the magnet 54 provided in the mover 56. The mover 56 is moved due to the generated thrust. If the magnetic field generated here is to form a closing circuit by the coil unit 51 and the magnet 54, the magnetic field and the armature iron 50 and 53 must be formed with the magnetic body. That is, the magnetic field generated by the coil unit 51 and the magnet 54 'is set to facilitate the formation of a magnetic field shutdown circuit by the aforementioned magnetic field and the armature back irons 50 and 53. However, as described above, if a magnetic field is formed with the magnetic body and the iron behind the armature simultaneously maintains the state of facing each other, there is a problem that a vertical force is generated between the aforementioned magnetic field and the iron behind the armature. By generating a vertical force shift between the aforesaid magnetic field and the armature rear irons 50 and 53 (please read the "Cautions on the back side before filling this page"). The paper and paper buttons are suitable for 1 sample (Norwegian) person 4 shapes ( 210X297 mm) 4 68 304 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2.) When the mover is 56, the control motion density is reduced due to the vertical force of the front ridge. "When the vertical force is large, it is required to limit the motion to 56. Another control device in vertical position. Moreover, if the stator 52 is to be constituted, the majority of the smaller parts 57 and the coil 58 should be attached to the iron 50 after the magnetic field. Therefore, the assembly operation with a linear type causes a problem of difficult work. … [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The object of the present invention is to provide a circuit that closes the magnetic field generated from the coil unit and the magnet, as proposed in the above-mentioned problems, so as to prevent the magnetic field and the iron behind the armature from being formed. The vertical force reaches the linear motor of the external linear motion guide (not shown). Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a linear motor capable of improving stator assembly efficiency. [A device for solving the problem] Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Intellectual Property A. Bureau X Consumer Cooperative
為達成上述之目的，本發明係由具備多數線圈單元及 其下部一側設置於固定部，使線圈單元排列於其兩側之固 定板，及形成便於在上部包覆固定板，設置於其内侧以便 與線圈單元對向磁鐵之後鐵所構成。 此外，為達成上述之目的，本發明係由具備線圈部， 及以電氣方式連接於該線圈部之連接裝置，與以環氧樹脂 造型線圈部，以便一體形成於固定部之固定板，及形成便 於包覆該固定板，在其内側設置以便與線圈單元對向磁鐵 之後鐵所構成。 【發明之實施形式】 本紙乐/%^適用中國國家樣準（CNS ) A4胁（2〗〇χ297公釐） -6- 4 〕8 30 4 五、發明説明（3.)In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is a fixing plate having a plurality of coil units and a lower side provided on the fixing portion, and the coil units are arranged on both sides of the fixing unit, and is formed to cover the fixing plate on the upper side, and is provided on the inside thereof. It is made of iron after facing the magnet against the coil unit. In addition, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention includes a coil plate, a connection device electrically connected to the coil portion, and a coil plate molded with epoxy resin so as to be integrally formed on a fixed plate of the fixed portion, and formed It is easy to cover the fixing plate, and it is formed by iron behind the magnet to face the coil unit. [Implementation form of the invention] The paper music /% ^ Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 threat (2〗 〇χ297mm) -6- 4] 8 30 4 V. Description of the invention (3.)
將 經濟部智慧財產局員X消費合作杜印製 兹使用圖式說明有關本發明之實施形式如下： 根據本發明第一實施例之線型馬達，如圖三至圖五所 示，係在固定部2之上部設置“ I，， a， 3 ’ 在 如述固定板3之兩侧，以垂直狀態設置線圈單元1、ia。 前述固定板3係由如鋁等非磁性體所構成。而且前述固定 板3係以Π”形所構成，構成以便依屬磁性體之後鐵$ 包覆。在前述後鐵5之内侧，依序排列多數之磁鐵4、知 以便接近前述線圈單元1、la。 & 而且在前述固定部2之上面，設置位置檢測電路6(由 孔元件等所構成之開關電路），在後鐵5之底面附著位置撿 測磁鐵7 ’以便該位置檢測電路6檢測屬於電樞後鐵$之 位置，與前述位置檢測電路6對向。且構成便於僅對於依 前述位置檢測電路6及位置檢測磁鐵7定位前述電樞部份 之線圈單元1、la係可附加電流。 々 前述線圈單元1、la，如圖四所示，係由屬於非磁性 體之芯子8，與纏繞於該芯子8所規定捲數之線圈9所構 成。亦即如圖三所示，等於在“ A，， 屬於非磁性體之固定板3放在其間形成磁場電路。 對於前述線圈9附加電流，即在該線圈9產生磁場同 時在前述磁鐵4、4a之間產生推力。對於前述線圏9附加 電流產生磁場時’由於前述固定板3屬於非磁性體，因此 以兩侧線圈單元1、la形成之磁場，等於形成磁場關閉電 路D (參閱圖五）。亦即’在前述後鐵5及固定板3之間產 生排斥力/吸引力則才會產生垂直力，因此與非磁性體構成 ^紙張尺度適用中國固家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） --------tr------^ •-V請先聞讀背面之注$碩再填舄本耳> -7- 46 8 30 4 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（4·) 前述固定板3，如果形成以磁性體構成後鐵5即形成以免 產生排斥力/吸引力。 而且如果與非磁性體構成前述芯子8，即在與包覆前 述線圈單元1上面之後鐵5間形成以免產生排斥力/吸引 力。 如上述’若在固定板3及芯子8與後鐵5之間不產生 排斥力/吸引力，即可以更高精度控制由前述後鐵5及磁鐵 4、4a所構成之動子（電樞）的移動控制精密度。而且， 藉由以免在前述固定板3與後鐵5之間產生垂直力，形成 不需為限定前述動子垂直位置之另一外部裝置。由前逑位 置檢測電路6及位置檢測磁鐵7僅對於位於屬電樞後鐵5 内部之線圈單元1、la的控制裝置（圖未示出）係供給電 流使勵磁。 此外，依本發明第二實施例之線型馬達，如圖六及圖 七所示，係藉由在固定部2以環氧樹脂11造型線圈部10， 等於形成固定板3。此外，在前述固定部2之一侧設置連 接裝置12，以便可對線圈部10附加電流。前述固定板3 與上述第一實施例相同構成“门”，等於構成便於由磁 性體所構成之後鐵5覆蓋。 在前述後鐵5之内側，如圖六所示，係與線圈部取 得規定間隔依序排列多數之磁鐵4、4a。前述線圈部1〇係 以如環氧樹脂11等之絕緣物（具有可垂直支持線圏單元程 度之強度者）一體造型一體形成。 —方面在前述固定部2之上面’設置位置檢測電路6 本紙張从速用中困Η家楼準（—）从胁（2取297公羡）---— c请先聞读背面之注$項存填寫本頁) 訂 線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製. 4 6 8 30 4 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（5- ==所7構成之開關電路)，在該後鐵5之底面附著 二讀逑位置檢測電路6檢測屬於電框 後鐵5之位置，，、則述位£檢測電路6對向。 根據構成如此本發明第二實施例之線型馬達，如果形 對位於最側面之線圈部1〇附加電流，即 藉由刚述連接裝置12 _多數之線_ Κ)供給電流。 如果對於多數之線_1G供給電流，㈣於與線圈部 H) -體沉陷成形之個別線圈部1〇，一面實施供給電流一面 產生磁場’在與前述磁鐵4之間依排斥力產生推力。對於 前述個別之線_ 1G附加電流產生磁場時，在前述線圈部 H)係沒有可實錢鐵角色之磁性體，由於只有環氧樹脂 η ’因此前述磁場通過環氧樹脂u，等於在附著磁鐵4與 後鐵5之㈤分卿細場酬冑路〕（參職七）。如果在 前述後鐵5及對向之雙方磁鐵4、4a與線_⑺之間形成 磁場關閉電路，㈣細免垂直力辟錄運動導引器（圖 未示出而且如果以非磁性體構成前述線圈部1〇之芯子 8 ’即形成便於減少分塊輥軋（c〇gging)。 因此如果以免在線圈部10與後鐵5之間產生垂直力， 即形成便於提高由後鐵5及磁鐵4所構成之動子（電樞） 的移動控制精密度。而且藉由設定以免在前述線圈部1〇與 後鐵5之間，亦即在動子與定子之間產生垂直力，形成以 便不需為限定前述動予垂直位置之另一外部裝置。由前逑 位置檢測電路ό及位置檢測磁鐵7僅對於位於屬電樞後鐵 5内部之線圈部10，將電流供給控制裝置（圖未示出）使 t紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（21〇χ297公爱） I ---------、可------線 (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -9- 4 6 8 30 4 Α7 ---- Β7 1、發明説明（6.) 勵磁β 而且根據本發明第三實施例之線型馬達，如圖八及圖 九所示’係在固定部2之一侧設置“ L ” 3， 在該固定板3之一侧以垂直狀態附著由如鋁等非磁性體所 構成之線圈單元1。而且設置形成“门” 5以便 在上部包覆前述固定板3，在前述後鐵5之内側依序排列 多數之磁鐵4 ’以便接近前述線圈單元1。 在前述固定部2上面與上述實施例等相同設置位置檢 測電路6 (由孔元件等所構成之開關電路），在後鐵$之底 面附著位置檢測磁鐵7 ’以便該位置檢測電路6檢測屬於 電樞後鐵5之位置’與前述位置檢測電路6對向。 根據構成如上述本發明第三實施例線型馬達之動作關 係，由於與上述實施例相類似，因此決定省略其詳細之說 明。 【發明之效果】 經濟部智慧財1局員工消費合作社印製 (诸先開讀背在之注意事項存填寫本頁) 訂 線 如上述說明本發明之線型馬達，在屬於非磁性體之固 定板依序排列線圈單元，構成定子同時設置一後鐵以便包 覆此定子’在該後鐵附著磁鐵，等於以便形成動子，因此 具有更精密實施動子位置控制之優點。而且，以屬於非礤 性體之環氧樹脂形成線圈部，藉由依連接裝置連接線圈部 構成定子’具有線型馬達之裝配非常單純之優點。加上由 於在附著環氧樹脂與磁鐵後鐵之間不產生垂直力，固此具 有更精密地實施動子位置控制之優點。 【圖式之簡單說明】 圉围家標準（CNS > Α4規格公釐）------~~~~^ ，10 · 468304 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7五、發明説明（7.) 圖一係表示習知單侧式線型馬達之剖面圖。 圖二係在圖一表示線圈單元之斜視圖。 圖三係表示根據本發明第一實施例線型馬達之剖面 圖。 圖四係圖三之侧面圖。 圖五係圖三之平剖面圖。 圖六係表示根據本發明第二實施例線型馬達之剖面 圖。 圖七係圖六之平剖面圖。 圖八係表示根據本發明第三實施例線型馬達之剖面 圖。 圖九係圖八之平剖面圖。 【符號之說明】 1、la :線圈單元 2 :固定部 3 :固定板 4、4a :磁鐵 5 :後鐵 6:位置檢測電路 7:位置檢測磁鐵 8 :芯予 9 :線圈 10 :線圈部 11 :環氧樹脂 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 本紙張尺度適用中國團家標準（CNS } A4規格（210X297公釐） -11 - 4 6 8304 A7 B7 五、發明説明（8·) 12 :連接裝置。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 I— I ^ ί 訂 I ^ 彳 V ~ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210Χ297公釐） -12-The Intellectual Property Bureau member of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, X Consumer Cooperation Du Yinzhi will use the diagrams to explain the implementation of the present invention as follows: The linear motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. The upper part is provided with "I ,, a, 3 '. On both sides of the fixing plate 3, the coil units 1, ia are provided in a vertical state. The fixing plate 3 is made of non-magnetic material such as aluminum. The 3 series is composed of a Π "shape, and it is formed so as to be attached to a magnetic body and then coated with iron. Inside the back iron 5, a plurality of magnets 4 are arranged in order so as to be close to the coil units 1, a. & A position detection circuit 6 (a switching circuit composed of a hole element or the like) is provided on the above-mentioned fixed portion 2, and a position detection magnet 7 ′ is attached to the bottom surface of the rear iron 5 so that the position detection circuit 6 detects that it is electrical The position of the rear iron $ is opposite to the aforementioned position detection circuit 6. And the structure is convenient, and the current can be added only to the coil units 1 and 1a which locate the armature part according to the position detection circuit 6 and the position detection magnet 7.前述 The coil unit 1 and 1a shown in FIG. 4 are composed of a core 8 which is a non-magnetic body and a coil 9 wound around the core 8 with a predetermined number of turns. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, it is equal to “A,” a fixed magnetic plate 3, which is a non-magnetic body, is placed between them to form a magnetic field circuit. An additional current is added to the aforementioned coil 9, that is, a magnetic field is generated in the coil 9 and the magnets 4, 4a When a magnetic field is generated by the additional current applied to the aforementioned line 电流 9 ', since the fixed plate 3 is a non-magnetic body, the magnetic field formed by the coil units 1 and 1a on both sides is equivalent to the magnetic field closing circuit D (see FIG. 5). . That is, 'the vertical force will only be generated when the repulsive force / attraction is generated between the rear iron 5 and the fixed plate 3, so it is composed with a non-magnetic body. (%) -------- tr ------ ^ • -V Please read the note on the back first, then fill in this ear > -7- 46 8 30 4 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (4 ·) If the fixing plate 3 is formed with a magnetic body and the back iron 5 is formed to prevent repulsive force / attraction. If the core 8 is formed with a non-magnetic body, the core unit 8 is covered with the coil unit 1. The iron 5 is then formed to prevent repulsion / attraction. There is no repulsive force / attraction between the fixed plate 3 and the core 8 and the rear iron 5, that is, the movement control of the mover (armature) composed of the aforementioned rear iron 5 and the magnets 4, 4a can be controlled with higher precision. In addition, by avoiding the generation of vertical force between the fixed plate 3 and the rear iron 5, another external device that does not need to limit the vertical position of the mover is formed. The front position detection circuit 6 and the position detection magnet 7 Only for the control unit (not shown) of the coil unit 1 and la located inside the rear armature 5 of the armature is supplied with current for excitation. In addition, the linear motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, by forming the coil portion 10 with epoxy resin 11 on the fixing portion 2, it is equivalent to forming the fixing plate 3. In addition, a connecting device 12 is provided on one side of the fixing portion 2 so that a current can be added to the coil portion 10. The aforementioned fixing plate 3 constitutes a "door" in the same manner as the first embodiment, which is equivalent to a structure that is easy to be covered by a magnetic body and covered with iron 5. Inside the rear iron 5, as shown in Fig. 6, regulations are obtained with the coil section. Most magnets are arranged in order at intervals 4 , 4a. The coil portion 10 is integrally formed with an integral shape of an insulator such as epoxy resin 11 (having a strength capable of supporting the wire unit vertically).-On the side of the fixed portion 2, the position detection is provided. Circuit 6 This paper is in dire need of quick use. (—) From the threat (2 to 297 public envy) ----- c Please read the note on the back to save this page and fill in this page.) Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the employee's consumer cooperative. 4 6 8 30 4 A7 B7 Printed by the employee's consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (5- == switch circuit composed of 7), with a second reading attached to the bottom surface of the rear iron 5逑 The position detection circuit 6 detects the position of the iron 5 behind the electrical frame, and then the position detection circuit 6 is opposite. According to the linear motor of the second embodiment of the present invention, if a current is applied to the coil portion 10 located on the outermost side, the current is supplied through the connection device 12 (the majority of the wires_K). If a current is supplied to most of the lines _1G, the individual coil portions 10 formed by the coil portion H) and the body sink are formed, and a magnetic field is generated while the current is being supplied, and a thrust is generated by the repulsive force with the magnet 4. When a magnetic field is generated by the above-mentioned individual wire _ 1G additional current, the coil part H) is a magnetic body without a solid iron role. Since there is only epoxy resin η ′, the magnetic field passes through the epoxy resin u, which is equivalent to attaching a magnet. 4 and the post-Iron 5 of the sub-Qing Qing remuneration road] (participation in the seventh). If a magnetic field closing circuit is formed between the aforementioned back iron 5 and the opposing magnets 4, 4a and the line _⑺, the motion guide (not shown in the figure) and the aforementioned non-magnetic body if the magnetic guide is not used is recorded. The core 8 ′ of the coil portion 10 is formed to facilitate the reduction of block rolling. Therefore, if a vertical force is avoided between the coil portion 10 and the rear iron 5, it is formed to facilitate the improvement of the rear iron 5 and the magnet. The precision of the movement control of the mover (armature) constituted by 4. And it is set so as not to generate a vertical force between the aforementioned coil portion 10 and the rear iron 5, that is, between the mover and the stator, so as not to It is necessary to use another external device to limit the aforementioned vertical position. The front position detection circuit and the position detection magnet 7 only supply current to the control unit (not shown) for the coil part 10 located inside the armature rear iron 5. (Out) make the paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (21〇χ297 public love) I ---------, can ------ line (Please read the precautions on the back first Fill out this page again) -9- 4 6 8 30 4 Α7 ---- Β7 1. Description of the invention (6.) Excitation β and And according to the third embodiment of the linear motor of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, “L” 3 is provided on one side of the fixing portion 2, and one side of the fixing plate 3 is attached in a vertical state by aluminum such as aluminum. The coil unit 1 is made of a non-magnetic body, and a “door” 5 is provided to cover the fixed plate 3 on the upper side, and a plurality of magnets 4 ′ are arranged inside the rear iron 5 in order to approach the coil unit 1. A position detection circuit 6 (a switching circuit composed of a hole element or the like) is provided on the aforementioned fixed portion 2 in the same manner as the above-mentioned embodiment, and a position detection magnet 7 ′ is attached to the bottom surface of the rear iron $ so that the position detection circuit 6 detects that it is electrical The position of the pivot iron 5 is opposite to the aforementioned position detection circuit 6. According to the operation relationship of the linear motor according to the third embodiment of the present invention, since it is similar to the above embodiment, it is decided to omit its detailed description. [Invention Effect] Printed by the Employees ’Cooperative of the 1st Bureau of Wisdom and Finance of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The non-magnetic fixed plate arranges the coil units in sequence, and a stator is provided at the same time to cover the stator. Attaching a magnet to the rear iron is equivalent to forming a mover, so it has the advantage of more precise position control of the mover. In addition, the coil part is formed of epoxy resin which is a non-magnet body, and the stator is formed by connecting the coil part according to the connection device. The assembly of the linear motor has a very simple advantage. In addition, since the epoxy is attached to the iron after the magnet is attached It does not generate vertical force, so it has the advantage of more precise position control of the mover. [Simplified description of the diagram] 圉 standard (CNS > Α4 mm) -------- ~~~~ ^ , 10 · 468304 A7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs B7 V. Description of Invention (7.) Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional one-sided linear motor. Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a coil unit in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing a linear motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a side view of Figure 3. Figure 5 is a sectional view of Figure III. Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing a linear motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure VII is a sectional view of Figure IX. Fig. 8 is a sectional view showing a linear motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure IX is a sectional view of Figure VIII. [Description of symbols] 1. la: coil unit 2: fixed part 3: fixed plate 4, 4a: magnet 5: rear iron 6: position detection circuit 7: position detection magnet 8: core to 9: coil 10: coil part 11 : Epoxy resin (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) This paper size is applicable to Chinese group standards (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) -11-4 6 8304 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8 · ) 12: Connected device. I—I ^ ί Order I ^ 彳 V ~ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper applies Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -12-