TW466851B - Optical communication system that transmits and receives data through free space - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method for networked high-speed data communication through free space is described. The system includes one or more central networks, which contain one or more lasers modulated with high-speed data to illuminate with laser light areas surrounding the central network in which are located one or more user networks. The laser from the central network generates a radiation pattern that is sectored into horizontal and vertical sectors, and further divided into channels for each wavelength. Data coming from the user networks modulates a laser, which is transmitted as a collimated beam through free space back to the central network where it is received. Communication can be point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, multipoint-to-point, or multipoint-to-multipoint, and the point-to-multipoint communication can be broadcast, simulcast, or multicast.

Description

A7 4 6 6 85 1 B7 ------ -------- V. Description of the invention (1) Technical scope The present invention relates generally to data communication systems, and particularly to free-space optical data communication networks. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Existing telecommunication systems can be used to provide conventional telecommunications services, but are generally only used for lower speed and lower capacity applications. For example, standard telephone lines are limited to transmitting data rates of approximately 60 kilobits per second (Kbps) per telephone line. The conventional ISDN service provides data rates of up to 128 Kbps, instead of symmetric digital subscriber lines ( ADSL) services are limited to data rates of 8 million bits per second (Mbps). Similarly, conventional satellite networks can transmit data to end users at 30 Mbps per satellite, and regional multipoint distribution services (LMDS) can have an upper limit of about 4 to 8 gigabits per second per 2km of cells. These data rates, especially when split equally among multiple users, can quickly prove to be insufficient for many modern applications, such as video conferencing and multimedia applications. Because a typical personal computer can transmit data via Ethernet at a data rate greater than 1000 Mbps, individuals and companies can find more attractive telecommunications services that can provide this data rate. For example, many customers want high-speed data communications, so they use the Internet and global information networks, high-resolution video conferencing, video calls, and large multi-gigabyte file transfers. This means that in order for telecommunications service providers to survive in a globally competitive environment, any future telecommunications system must meet these needs at a reasonable cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a communication system suitable for implementing an embodiment. FIG. 1B is an isometric view to show one side of the communication system of FIG. 1A. 11 ^ ----_--------- installation --- (Please read the notes on the back first; _ _v write this page) Order · _ -line. Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs System-4-466851 Printed by A7 B7, Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (2) The block diagram of Figure 2 illustrates the use of the communication system of Figure 1b as the central network element for down-chain transmission. The flowchart of Figure 2A illustrates the central system controller transfer function. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a user's network receiving receiving component. FIG. 3A is a flowchart illustrating the user system controlling the transmission function. The flow of FIG. 3B illustrates the user system controller receiving function. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a center down key signal processor element. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a user downloading a signal processor component. The flowchart of FIG. 6 illustrates the process of transmitting and receiving downlink data. Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating a user's on-chain transmission component. FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a central network receiving component. FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a user winding a signal processor component. Figure 10 is a block diagram illustrating the central network on-chain components. Figure 11 is a flowchart of the process of transmitting and receiving the data on the chain. Figure 12 is a data packet suitable for the communication system of Figure 1A. Figure 13 illustrates segmented transfer points. FIG. 14 illustrates various suitable radiation patterns generated by a central transmitting antenna in the central network element of FIG. 2. FIG. 15 illustrates the shape resulting from the segmentation of FIG. 13. The flowchart of FIG. 16 illustrates a multi-play process continued as shown. Figure 17 shows a schematic central input / output interface. FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the communication system of FIGS. 1A and 1B. The reference number in the drawing indicates the same component, and the largest number in the reference number 4 indicates the drawing number, in which the component is introduced first (for example, component 204 is the first paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification). (210 x 297 male t) --τ ---- '· -------- install -------- order --------- line V.' · (please Please read the “Notes on the back of the factory first” to write this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 6 6 85 1 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Appears first in Figure 2). Detailed description of the embodiment This document discloses a communication system, in particular, a type of optical communication (system and method in free space). In the following description, various specific details, such as specific symbols and relationships, transmit, receive, and process high-speed data. The specific methods, structures, etc. can provide a complete understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be implemented without at least one specific detail, or other methods and structures. In other cases The conventional structure or operation is not shown in detail below to avoid confusing the description of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention refer to a network, high-speed, dual-data communication system, method, and connection device, which are provided by at least one centralized receiving station. Free space, which uses at least one laser and is modulated with encrypted high-speed (1〇] ^ 3-1 0 Gb p S) data and control signals in order to illuminate some or all of the centralized receiving station with laser light Area. The lighting area surrounding the centralized receiving station includes at least one user light receiver, which has collected light and filter elements, a motion tracking device, and light. The detector, and the demultiplexing and decoding circuit, receive and select part of the centralized high-speed laser laser data output to output to the user's optical transceiver interface output. It is also connected via a high-speed network connection. Connected to the user equipment. Data transmitted from the user equipment on the 100 M bps Ethernet network into the user optical transceiver interface input, and the modulation is configured in the user optical transceiver The user ’s optical transmitter transmits the aligned laser beam through free space, and it returns to the centralized receiving station, where the collimated laser beam receives the aligned laser beam, as for the action And action tracking moment -6- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm) --- ^ ---- ^ -------- installation ---- ---- Order -------- Line 1 '. Ί (Please read the notes on the back to write this page) / ^ 6 85 1 A7 B7 Economic f Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Cooperative Print V. Invention Explanation (Array detector, which detects the data and introduces it to the data transmission circuit. The data transmission circuit transmits the data to the point address, which can be at— In the Chinese-style receiving area, or in other centralized receiving areas, the high-speed free-space optical backbone network to the network chain or other network is connected to the centralized receiving-side transmitting circuit. The receiving and transmitting circuit also transmits data, which is addressed to any or all of the user's optical transceivers, by encoding the data into high-speed data of a special centralized receiving station laser, and optically transmitting by each user Laser detection. The laser beam illuminates the area surrounding the centralized receiving station with various radiation patterns. The radiation pattern is segmented horizontally (or radially) and / or vertically (or vertically). The segment can be divided into several numbers. It is a wavelength channel, and the network uses channels to transmit and receive data. Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not in this embodiment. On the contrary, the present invention supports various embodiments, some of which are described in detail below. Communication System FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a communication system 100 suitable for implementation. The communication system 100 can be regarded as a hierarchical system including a group of connected networks. —Point, and the networks are interconnected. For example, the communication system 100 can include the following points such as at least a central network 102, a user network 104, and / or a peripheral network 105. Data is exchanged in the network. In the embodiment of the present invention, the data is transmitted from the central network 102 to the user network 104 using a shaped and divergent coherent light beam (light cone). The collimated beam 108 is transmitted from the user network 104 to the central network 102. Each network can also include a subsystem level of interconnected low-level nodes (or network components), as described below. Data in this paper _ + _ Home Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public compound i -n H · ϋ I ^^ 1 nnnn ^^ 1 I ^^ 1 ^^ 1 Hi nnnnn I VI n an I * -H (please read the precautions on the back page to write this page) / 4 6 6 85 1

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs = point-to-point,-point-to-multipoint, multipoint-to-point, or multipoint-to-multipoint. ^ 2 And 'point-to-multipoint' communication can be broadcast, television and wireless cafes Broadcast or multiplay. For example, in point-to-point communication, any of the central network 102 or its low-level nodes sends data to any of the user networks 104 or any of the peripheral networks 105. Similarly, Ren Ho's central network 102 or its low-level nodes can receive data from any user network 104 or its low-level nodes, and from any-peripheral network 105 and its low-level nodes. In point-to-multipoint communication, any central network 102 or its lower-order nodes simultaneously transmit data from itself to several user networks 104 or their lower-order nodes. Any central network 102 or its low-level nodes can transmit data from itself to several peripheral networks 105 or its low-level nodes at approximately the same time. Similarly, any central network 102 or its low-level nodes can receive data from any two user networks 104 or its low-level nodes at the same time, and from any peripheral network 105 or its low-level nodes at the same time. Receive data. The communication system 100 can be equipped with interconnected networks as shown in Figure 丨 A. This embodiment does not require the peripheral network 105 to be connected to the user network 104 or the central network 102 to be connected to the peripheral network. Road 105 and the user network 104. In addition, the central network 102 can be interconnected to transmit data in each central network 102 without passing through the peripheral network 105 or the user network 104. This particular embodiment allows the central network The network carries its own backbone traffic, which is different from other wireless networks in order to reduce operating costs in order to make all bandwidth available to the user network. In the embodiment of the present invention, the user network 104 is composed of Users can wind up to 8- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) --------_---- ^ ----- Packing --- ----- Order ---- I-^ --- line, please read the note on the back first? Matters written on this page) 4 6 6 8 5 1 A7 —----- B7 ___ V. Description of the invention (6) Access to the peripheral network 105 and / or central network 102 for transmission in a master-slave environment And receive information. Users can be located in manufacturing plants, multinational companies, financial institutions, or universities, such as buildings with network components. In this case, the central network 102, the user network 104, and the peripheral network 105 connect the client system and the servo system so that the servo system can perform calculations, retrieve files, or query a database of special data in response to the client System request. The special type of master-slave environment has nothing to do with this embodiment. Those skilled in the art can understand that these examples can be implemented in other master-slave environments, such as ticket reservation systems, mail order facilities, and so on. Peripheral network 105 can be any connected network operated by a common carrier, including the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the domain exchange carrier (LEC) network to provide regional telecommunications services, and the interchange carrier (IXC) to provide long distances Telecom services, satellite networks, plus networks (such as dial-up stock market quote services, email services, etc.). Or the peripheral network 105 may be a series of network functions such as a virtual network, including the Internet, the World Wide Web, and so on. The peripheral network 105 can also include data communication networks such as a local area network (LAN), an urban area network (MAN), or a wide area network (WAN) ^ Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that this embodiment does not require a special type Perimeter network 105, on the other hand, any type of peripheral network 105 can be used. '' In one embodiment, the central network 102, the user network 104, and the peripheral network 105 use synchronous optical network (SONET) technology, which is an optical interface standard that allows the Internet from multiple points of sale. Network delivery products. That is, when the communication system 100 uses SONET technology, the network connection can achieve global data communication. In addition, when the communication system 100 uses SONET technology, it is suitable for processing light -9- This paper standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × X 297, ¾)-^ ---- r ---- ---- Equipment -------- Order --------- Line-One (Please read the note on the back first: write this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 46 6 85 1 A7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (7) The new digital level of the fiber ^ number and allow easy capture of low-rate signals can also be achieved. These include coherent operations and maintenance and flexibility to allow future service delivery. In another embodiment, the central network 102, the user network 104, and the peripheral network 105 use Gigabit Ethernet technology, which is an optical interface standard that allows transmission over the Internet from a few pins. Products. That is, when the communication system uses Gigabit Ethernet technology, the network connection can achieve global data communication, especially real-time voice and video and high-end servo support. In addition, when the communication system 100 uses Gigabit In the case of Ethernet technology, new digital hierarchies suitable for processing optical fiber signals and allowing easy acquisition of low-rate signals can be achieved at the same time. These two G include coherent operation and maintenance and flexibility to allow future service provision. Figure 1B The axis diagram shows one side of the communication system 100, in which a light cone 106a C and an alignment beam i G8a_e are used to exchange data between the central network 102 and the user network 104 in free space. In the embodiment, the shape of the light cone ⑽a-C is a shaped and divergent coherent light beam, such as the amplification (or laser beam) of light excitation excitation. The laser beam is directional and can be used in the light of electromagnetic light. Regional wavelength Surround operation, including visible light, approximate infrared light, and infrared light. When the light cone 106a_c is a laser beam, the light cone 106a-c can achieve high bit rate, high power, high efficiency, and direct speech frequency. Modulation, and long-term operation, etc. In one embodiment, the light cone 10 is a laser beam of the first type that makes the eyes clear and comfortable according to the ANSI standard. In other embodiments, The light cone 106a_c is quasi-operated according to other A: ^ The special wavelength of laser light can provide very little attenuation in the atmosphere (or power loss ---------------- installation ----- --- Order --------- Line ---- (Please read the notes on the back to write this page first) -10 · 4 66 85 1 A7 B7 V. The description of the invention (8) Missing) Frequency Wide. In addition, the use of laser light allows connection with the SONET architecture during high-speed operation between the central network 102 (which is the standard carrier of offline data transmission equipment currently used. In addition, in this embodiment, the use of the SONET protocol can be used in The conventional part of the T -1 capacity allows arbitrary bandwidth allocation. That is, when the communication system 100 uses laser light with SONET, it can use 1544.

A Mbps-capacity digital transmission chain to meet the needs of many different users in remote locations. An embodiment of the communication system 100 uses an infrared laser with a wavelength of about 1550 nm. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that this embodiment does not need to use a special wavelength in the light region of the electromagnetic spectrum. On the contrary, any light region can be used. wavelength. The use of conventional holographic imaging optics can produce light cones 106a-c and alignment beams 108a-c to properly shape, filter, and diverge or align the light. For example, the use of refractive gratings, lenses, holographic optical elements, or other standard beam shaping optics can achieve beam shaping. In various channelized designs, the use of various standard optical components such as interference filters, refraction gratings, or hinges can also be redundant to wavelength chirps. As described in detail below, the light cone 106a-c bit rate in an embodiment may be between j Mbps and 10 Gbps. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that this embodiment does not need to use a special data rate, that is, the embodiment of the present invention can support any data rate. Taking the light cones 106a-c as an example, the alignment beams 108a-c can also be laser beams or any beams, which are in the wavelength of the light region of the electromagnetic spectrum, including visible light, approximate infrared light, and infrared light. In conventional ways, such as using refracted light -11- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm) --- 1 --- T -------- install --- · -I (Please read the notes on the back to write this page first) Order: --Line Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 6 6 8 5 1 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9) Grid, lens or other Standard beam shaping optics can also achieve alignment. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that although many communications in the communication system 100 require extremely high-speed wireless exchange, broadcasting, digital data, etc., the communication system and system 100 also support conventional data communication methods, such as telephone lines. For example, the central network 102 may use the light cone 106a to transmit Internet video data to the user network 104 at a very high speed, and return the communication from the user network 104 to the central network 102 via a standard telephone line. This is the case where, for example, Internet data is graphics and text, and user data is credit card information. This also refers to the case where, for example, Internet data is graphics and text, and user data is user authorization information. In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that although the communication system 100 can perform extremely high-speed wireless exchange, broadcasting, digital data, etc., the communication system 100 can also use other data rates, that is, the communication system 100 can cooperate with the provided Data rate communication for type of service, quality of service requested, type of information sent and / or received, etc. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Structural Economics and the Received Chain (read the precautions on the back > Λ write this page) / ' The peripheral network 105 in this embodiment sends data for transmission to the user network 104 via the central router, switch 204, central downlink signal processor 206, and central transmitting antenna 208. The central system controller 210 controls the central router The / switch 204 and the central downlink signal are transmitted according to the operation of shifting 206. Generally, the data is transmitted along the thick connection line, but other instructions, control signals, etc. are transmitted along the thin connection line. The data and other instructions , Control signals, etc. can also be transmitted on thin and thick connection lines respectively. -12- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297) 4 6 6 85 1 A7 ----;- ---- B7__ 5. Description of the invention (10) It is helpful to explain that 'the central network 102 will be explained only with reference to certain concepts of the embodiment of FIG. 2' It should also be understood that this embodiment can also use at least one central network Road 102. Central Road The switch / switcher 204 connects the central network 102 to the peripheral network 105 and the user network 104 in order to exchange data between them. The central router / switcher 204 can be connected to a network interface controller ( NIC), hard disk controller, graphics card, etc. to the central network 102. For example, the central router / switcher 204 supports the NIC of the device in the G-NIC network interface card. Provided by the engine, Fanyuan is 803 nm to! 550 mn. Other central router / switcher embodiments include a conventional 10 / 100Mbps with 64-bit peripheral component connection (PCI) bus. Ethernet NIC, which supports Windows NT or Digido's υΝχ® operating system. When the peripheral network 105 is the Internet, the central router / switcher 204 can support the emerging Internet Point (POP) In one embodiment, the central router / switch 204 is an optical fiber backbone to connect low-level network elements in the peripheral network 105 or the central network 102. In this embodiment, the communication system 100 is a packet switching network. And the central router / switch 2 0 4 is the main path of the data packet The packet switching network is described in detail below. The central router / switcher 204 is also connected to the components that transmit the light cone 106 and receive the aligned beam 108. The central router / switcher 204 manages the transmission of data in the communication system 100. For example, the central router / switcher 204 divides the central network 102 into logical software-oriented subnets to transfer data traffic more quickly. The central router / switcher 204 also performs load balancing, differentiation, and data traffic. 13- The size of this paper is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm) ^ --------- install ----(Please read the precautions on the back f | write this page ) · -Line. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 466851 A7

V. Description of the invention (n) (Please read the precautions on the back ^ > write this page) 0,. ’ The central router / switcher 204 also determines the transmission priority order, and controls the debug operation. The central router / switcher 204 also selects the path of the output of the W data from the light beam 108 or the input of the light cone 106 in the communication system 100. The central router / switcher 204 can dynamically transmit data according to the required service quality or the gas history flux in the central network 102. In one embodiment, the central router / switcher 204 performs a chain state transmission algorithm to calculate transmission based on the number of routers, transmission speed, delay, and transmission cost. This embodiment can be implemented using the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, which is performed on the poWerRaii 5200 terabit Ethernet transmission switch provided by the packet guide. The central router / switcher 204 also includes several queues to store data waiting to be transmitted. The central downlink signal processor 206 receives from the central router / switcher 204 for transmission to the user network 104, and encodes, modulates, encrypts, buffers, and amplifies the data to generate a carrier wave, the frequency of which is Visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum or near infrared. Such a high-frequency carrier is sometimes referred to herein as an optical signal, an optical carrier, a carrier, a carrier signal, a light wave signal, a light cone, or a light beam. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The central downlink signal processor 206 also shapes the carrier signal for transmission by the central transmitting antenna 208. The operation of the central down-chain signal processor 206 will be described in detail with reference to the figure * including the data waiting to be processed. The central transmitting antenna 208 radiates a carrier wave into the air. For the convenience of explanation, the central transmitting antenna 208 will be described only with reference to the embodiment of the present invention. It is understood that this embodiment may also use at least one central transmitting antenna in each regional central network and at least one central network in each geographic location. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 4 6 6 8 5 1 V. Description of the invention (12) According to an embodiment, the central transmitting antenna 208 uses geometric optics, such as refraction, reflection , Diffractive or holographic optical. Imaging geometry optics (IG〇) can make (please read the notes on the back to write this page) — the image of the object, the image is a real image or a virtual image, for example, the real image is projected on a labor curtain, and the virtual image is the image seen through the eyepiece . In order to achieve this work, IGO has two characteristics: 丨) the optical parallel light will be focused at a single point (focusing), and 2) the incident light amplified from different angles will be focused at different focal points, all on one plane (Focusing surface). Examples of imaging geometric optics are telescope 'photographic lenses, projectors, magnifying lenses, and contact lenses. Non-imaging geometric optics (NGO) cannot meet the standards required by IG0. Looking at the images produced by NGOs, the images are blurred or non-existent. Examples of ng〇 For example, Fujino lenses are used in front of vehicle headlights or in some windows that require privacy as wavy privacy glass. An example of an NGO is a diffraction grating, which is suitable for implementing the embodiments of the present invention. Of course, any diffraction grating can be used as long as it is suitable for focusing the desired wavelength and can focus the light cone 106 to a sufficiently small point. In this embodiment, the diameter of the light cone 106 is 60 micrometers. Those skilled in the art can understand that the special diameter is determined by the data rate of Aswan. Although it is sufficient, it is very expensive and this embodiment does not require all the functions of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the staff of the cooperative to print energy. Therefore, one embodiment uses NGO to exert the maximum function of the system, and makes the transmitting and receiving optical Costs are minimized. Non-imaging geometric optics suitable for operation in the sacral lung area can be purchased from Richardson, Inc., Malidin, Ill. Controlled by Central System Controller 210, Central Router / Switcher 2 () 4 and Central-_____ -15-This paper ruler Cai Guan Guan Xu Jun (CNS ^ 4 Miscellaneous 4 6 6 85 1

V. Description of the invention (13) The operation of the down-chain signal processor 206 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the central system controller 21 may be hardware 'software, or a combination of hardware and software. In the case of using software, the software is stored in a computer program product (such as a CD-ROM, hard disk, floppy disk, etc.), or a program storage device (such as a CD-ROM drive, hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, etc.). The central system controller 210 may also be specific software running on a group of computers (or processors). Figure 2 A 疋 Flow chart of the central system controller 21 transmission function 200, which can be used to implement specific software running on a group of computers. The operation of the transfer function 200 starts in step 211, and then skips to step 212. The transmission function determines which one of its data queues in step 212, and then transmits the data to the central downlink signal processor 206. At step 214, the transmission function 200 synchronizes the encoding and multiplexing design. In one embodiment, the user system controller 310 (eg, referring to FIG. 3) synchronizes the encoding and multiplexing design with the user network 104. That is, the central system controller 210 performs a handshake with the user network 104 to start data transmission. In step 216, the transmission function 200 determines the special encoding required. Usually, the user network 104 controls the encryption design, and the central network 102 controls the multiplexing and encoding design. Therefore, in one embodiment, the central controller 21 determines the special encoding required. In step 218, the transmission function 200 decides when to transmit the data packet. In one embodiment, the central system controller 310 makes this decision. The operation of the transmission function 200 ends after step 218 (in step 22, the central network 102 is below). The output on the chain is a light cone 106, which enters free space and is received by the user's network. That is, each central network 102 transmits data via free space, which is adjusted in the shape and divergence coherence or other beams -16- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

--- ^ ---- ^ --------- install -------- order --------- line j-(Please read the notes on the back first | write (This page) ____N 4 6 6 85 1 A7 —--------- B7 ______ 5. Description of the invention (14). Figure 3 is a block diagram of the downlink receiving component of the user network 104. The user antenna 302 receives the data transmitted from the Chinese network 102, uses the user downlink signal to process it according to the shift 304, and sends the data to the user equipment and Device 308, user system controller 310, and / or any peripheral network 105. For the purpose of explanation, only certain concepts of the embodiment of FIG. 0 are used to describe the user network 104. It should also be understood that the embodiment of the present invention may also use at least one user network 104. As described above, the user antenna 302 receives the light cone 106 from free space. The user antenna 302 uses an optical receiving antenna to receive the light cone 106. In one embodiment, the user antenna 302 uses a holographic optical element. A conventional telescope is used to receive the light cone 106. For example, the user antenna 302 is a reflective telescope with improved eyepieces to further limit the size of the light spot of the received light. The user antenna 302 outputs the received light cone 106 to the user's downlink signal processor 300. The user's downlink signal processor 304 receives the light cone, decodes, demodulates, decrypts, and buffers it to separate the data from the carrier. The structure and operation of the user's downlink signal processor 304 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 5. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, please read the note below. Item written on this page The user input / output interface 306 is connected to the user device 308, the user system controller 310, and the peripheral network 105. Referring again to the above embodiment, the user network 104 is operated by the user to transmit data in the master-slave environment, so that the central network 102, the user network 104, and the peripheral network 105 will all The client system is connected to the servo system. The user input / output interface 306 uses appropriate signals and protocols to connect the client system and the servo system. In one concept, the user input / output interface 306 supports the common practice in the master-slave environment. 17- 4 6 6 851 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (15) Duplex operation And process control. In another concept, the user input / output interface 306 supports the signal network management protocol (SNMP), which is a conventional method, and the network management application can use the supported management information base (ΜΙΒ) α to query the management software. Embodiments can manage almost any network type, including non-transmission control protocol (non-TCP) devices such as the IEEE 802.1 Ethernet bridge. The user input / output interface 306 supports two-way encryption, and can change keywords as needed. The user input / output interface 306 also performs challenges and replies when setting keywords. In this embodiment, the 'user input / output interface 306 has a unique serial number, although it does not have a unique network address. The serial number can be used for encryption and other security functions. The carcass on the user input / output interface 306 is also protected from damage. The user equipment and device 308 may be any of a variety of conventional devices such as a gate, a LAN, a bridge, and the like. User equipment and devices 308 can also be several conventional user devices, such as printers, hard disks, graphics cards, televisions (TV), TV video decoding receivers, telecommunications equipment, video conference equipment, and audiovisual Any device, such as a home cinema electronic device. The operation and structure of the user system controller 310 is similar to the operation and structure of the central system controller 21, where the user system controller 310 controls the operation of the user's downlink signal processor 304 and the user input / output interface 306. The user system controller 310 may also be hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. In terms of implementation using software, software is stored in computer program products (such as CD-ROMs, hard disks, floppy disks, etc.), or program storage devices (such as CD-ROM's hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, etc.). The user system controller 31〇 can also be on a group of computers (or processors) -18-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297 mm)-^ ---- ^ --------- Installation -------- Order -------- * Line · '* (Please read the notes on the back first to write this page) 466851 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (16) Two bodies. In one embodiment, the user system controller ⑴ is a SDM system. , = 3 A & Throughout this embodiment, a flow chart of the data transmission method ^ of the user system controller 3 丨. The transmission routine starts at step 311, and the control jumps to step 312 where the transmission routine 300 determines the type, amount and rate of the required data. · Eight; in: Step 3 1 4 'Transportation routine 3 00. The information collected in step 3] 2 = to the central system controller 21 0. In step 316, the routine 3 00 is transmitted to the symbol life. During the transmission of data, in step 3-17, the transmission routine judges whether there is no more material removal 'and in step 318 the mark is phased to the central system controller 2Ϊ0' If there is no more data in step S, the mark will be sent Return to the central system controller 2 10, and transfer routine 3⑽ to step 3Η. In step 320, if there is no more data, the transmission routine 300 waits for the sub-sign 'of the central system controller 210 and the transmission routine 3 returns to step 312. Figure 3B is-the receiving routine 3 5 0 'and the user system controller 31 0 is implemented in the embodiment of the token ring TDM system, for example, at step 3 5 2' receiving routine 350 receives a data packet and demodulates it In step 3 5 4, the receiving routine 3 50 checks the data packet, and determines that the data packet address matches the user system address. The employee of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs eliminates step 3 5 6 and receives the routine 3 5 0 to determine whether the address of the data packet matches the user's system address. If the address matches, the control of the reception routine 35 jumps to Step 3 5 8 'In which the receiving routine 350 decodes the data packet, and in step 360, the receiving routine 35 sends the data packet to the user's subnet. * In other words, if it is determined in step 3 5 6 that the data packet address and the user system bit 466851 A7 B7 5. Invention description (17) The address does not match, then the operation of receiving the routine 35o skips to step 362, where the receiving routine 350 Data packets will be deleted. The block diagram of FIG. 4 illustrates the components of the central downlink signal processor 206. The central downlink signal processor 206 in the figure includes an encoder 402, a modulator 404, a multiplexer 406, and a power amplifier 4. 〇8, in order to convert data into a carrier, and amplify the carrier for transmission to the user network 104 in free space. The encoder 402 converts data into a data representation according to a set of rules or conventions to specify that signals representing the data can be formed, transmitted, received, and processed. In one concept, the encoder 402 encodes data and control signals into a high-speed data string. The encoder 402 in the figure is a media access controller (MAC) chip on the packet engine company G_NIC. Of course, the encoder 402 can be any Ethernet card, switch, or repeater with the same encoding function. The consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed a modulator 404 to modulate the light cone 106 according to the data to be transmitted on the light cone 106. There are several conventional modulation designs that can be used for communication (such as frequency modulation, phase modulation, phase modulation). Key-shift modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation, etc.), any of them are suitable for implementation in the communication system 100. In one embodiment, the modulator 404 is a conventional Ethernet peripheral device interface (PCI) card, which is input and output via an optical fiber. In this embodiment, the modulator 404 uses a conventional on / off key (〇κ) amplitude modulation design. ΟΟΚ AM design is known to be the lowest cost modulation design currently available. Of course, the modulator 404 can be any Ethernet card, switch, or repeater with the same modulation function. One embodiment uses G_NICi's tandem / deserialization chip from the packet engine company to perform conversion work and drive lasers. The multiplexer 406 in one concept is a wavelength-splitting multiplexer (Wdm) that establishes an optical channel by merging the wavelength (or color) into the light cone 106, that is, the multiplexer -20- A7

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 466851 V. Description of the Invention (18) 4 06 Mix several channels with different wavelengths and output the wavelength on the same beam. In this concept, the multiplexer 406 may be a conventional passive combiner or a selective combiner. In another concept, the multiplexer 406 is an optical time division multiplexer (OTDM) 'or a high density wavelength division multiplexer (HDWDM). Alternatively, the ° multiplexer 406 may use a coherent multi-channel heterodyne or homodyne detection method. In fact, any type of optical combiner that can perform the function of combining channels, such as a fuse filter coupler or a Soleton multiplexer, can also be used to implement the multiplexer 406. Of course, the invention is not limited to a particular type of multiplexer. For example, the channels can be combined in the light cone 106 using frequency, polarization,: i position, polarization, space, algebraic conversion method, etc. An embodiment of the multiplexer 406 is to use a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM) to select channels in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard in the 1530 nm-1560 nm range (approximately 0.8 nm spacing between channels). The power amplifier 408 receives and amplifies at least _ wavelengths that will appear in the light cone 106. The power amplifier 408 can process many formats of optical signals (or modulation design, such as polar phase shift key or amplitude shift key) or bit rate. (Up to Gbps and above), such as power amplifier 408 is obvious. In the embodiment of the present invention, a geographical area includes three central network stations, and the signals of each central network station are divided into 36 sections, and each section can carry 8 at 100 Mbps to 10 Gbps. Channel, and the geographic capacity of the entire area can reach 8 65 terabits per second (Tbps) (such as 3 stations X36 section x 8 channels x 10 Gbps). In one embodiment, the power amplifier is an bait-doped fiber optical amplifier (EDFA), which can amplify at least one wavelength at the same time, and is manufactured by JDS Feita Corporation of Nipping, Ontario, Canada. Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating the components of the user's downlink signal processor 304. The user's downlink signal processor 304 in this embodiment includes a light cone detector 502. • 21-This paper standard applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm)-^ --- ^ --------- installation --------- order --------- line. 1 · (please (Please read the note on the back first to write this page) 46685] A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (19) User demodulator 504, user demultiplexer 506, and user The decoder 508, after receiving from the free space by the user antenna 302, can detect the data from the carrier in the light cone J06 and separate it from the carrier. The light cone detector 502 detects and focuses the light cone 106 in a light detector (not shown). The light cone detector 502 includes a light collector (not shown) to concentrate the light of the light cone ιο without loss. Focus it. After detection and focusing, the data on the light cone 106 is enlarged with a pre-amplifier (not shown) and converted into a serial form with a serializer (not shown) 'and the agreement is converted using a protocol converter (not shown) . Amplifiers, serializers, and protocol converters can be obtained from the g_nic network interface manufactured by Packet Engine Company 'as described above with reference to the modulator 400. In this embodiment, the protocol converter can convert the modulation of the light cone 106 into a ten-bit Ethernet format or reduce it to a 100 megabit format. The detector also includes a conventional path mask such as a diffraction grating. The light cone detector 502 outputs a light cone 106 to a user demodulator 504. The photocone detector 502 in the figure is a PIN-polar body 'in a ready-made 1550 nm transceiver unit. It is manufactured by MRV Communications Corporation, 20415 North Ho Street, Chasworth, California 91311. The user demodulation 504 uses a conventional demodulation method to demodulate a carrier, which is compatible with the modulation design used by the modulator 404. For example, in one embodiment, the user demodulator 504 is an Ethernet PCI card. The user demultiplexer 506 uses a method compatible with the multiplexer 406 to separate the wavelengths and return to the frequency independent optical channel. The demultiplexer 506 can be a conventional passive frequency divider or a selective demultiplexer. Frequency. The user decoder 508 converts the data representation created by the decoder 402. For example, the user decoder 508 decodes the data and control signals of the high-speed data φ-^ --- ^ --------- Install -------- order --------- line >. (Please read the precautions on the back first to write this page), -22- 466851 A7

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (20). -The embodiment is implemented in the G_Lang chip of the packet engine company. When the money user decoder can be any Ethernet card, switch, or repeater with the same decoding function, the user decoder outputs decoded data to the user input / output interface 3 06, which then Peripheral network 105 provides information. Illustration. 2 '4 or any of the elements of the embodiment in Fig. 3' 5 can be installed on the previous card respectively. 'In the embodiment of the present invention, the elements of Figs. Among the cards, similarly, the components of FIGS. 3 and 5 are contained in a single-card manufactured by Packet Engine Company. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that the special physical positions of the elements in Figs. 2, 4 and 3, 5 are not important for the implementation of the present invention. Downlink Transmission and Receiving Operation FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the downlink transmission and reception process 600 of the central network 102, the user network om4 downlink reception component, and the downlink data transmission and reception process performed by the peripheral network 105. Flow 600 begins at step 602, and control then jumps to step 604. In step 604, the central router / switcher 204 receives data from the peripheral network 105, which is' sufficient for the recipients in the user network 104 or other central network 102. In step 606, the central router / switcher 204 transmits the data to the central downlink signal processor 206, and in step 608, the encoder 402, the modulator 404, the multiplexer 406, and the power amplifier 408 are used to process the data for transmission. After encoding, modulation, multiplexing, and amplification, in step 61, the central transmitting antenna 208 transmits the data to the free space of the light cone 106. In step 612, the user antenna 302 receives the light cone 106, and the user downloads the letter -23. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ---'---- ; ---------- install -------- order ------------ line (please read the precautions on the back first ^ > write this page) 4 6 6 85 1 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the Invention (21) Processor 304 processes the light cone 106 in order to delete data from the carrier and separates at least one channel. In step 614, the user inputs the connection output interface 306 to transmit the data to the peripheral network 105 (as shown in step 616) and / or as needed to the user equipment and device 308 (as shown in step 618). ). The process 600 ends after steps 616 and 618, as shown in step 620. On-chain transmission and reception structure, FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the on-chain transmission components of the user network 104. The peripheral network 105 transmits data for transmission via the user input / output interface 306 and / or user equipment and device 308 Go to the central network 102, and send it to the user key-up signal processor 702. The user's on-chain signal processor 702 outputs the data to the user antenna 3 02 for transmission to the free space of the alignment beam 1 §, which can be received by the central network 102. The user is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 9 Chain signal processor 702. Figure 8: Block diagram of the uplink receiving component of the central network 102. The central receiving antenna 802 receives the data from the user network 104, uses the central uplink signal processor 804 to process the data, and passes the central router / The switcher 204 sends data to the peripheral network 105. The central system controller 21 controls the operation of the central router / switcher 204 and the central winding signal processor 800. The operation of the central winding signal processor 800 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 10. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the components of a user-uploaded signal processor 702. The user-uploaded signal processor 702 in the figure includes a user multiplexer 902, a user modulator 904, and user optics. Conveyor 906. The operation of the multiplexer 902 is similar to that of the multiplexer 406 in the central downlink signal processor 206, and the multiplexer 902 can use WDM, OTDM, HDWDM, coherent multi-channel heterodyne or zero- 24- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (cns) i4 size x 297 public love) Please-read the back first. Note above, writing and binding lines 4 6 6 8 5 1 Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Cooperative Print A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (22) Difference detection method 'fusion filter coupler or Soliton multiplexer and merge channels. The operation of the user modulator 904 is similar to that of the fader 404 of the central downlink signal processor 206. For example, the user modulator 904 can implement several conventional modulations for communication purposes. In the concept of the present invention, the user modulator 904 is a conventional Ethernet PCI card, which is input and output via an optical fiber. The user optical transmitter 906 performs conventional optical signal processing on the data before outputting to the user antenna 302. The optical transmitter 906 in the figure includes a laser, an amplifier, and a telescope. This embodiment uses a K-return 1¾ manufactured by Mead of Irvine, California, whose eyepiece allows the fiber optic element to be inserted into the eyepiece (so that the laser light can be sent into the look-back lens' and thus transmitted to free space). The output of the user optical transmitter 906 is transmitted to the user antenna 302. When the collimated beam 108 is input to the central network 102, it transmits multiplexing and modulation data. The central network 102 receives the alignment beam 108, uses a central winding signal processor 804 to process it, and transmits data to any peripheral network 105. Figure 10 is a block diagram of the components on the central network 102. Figure 10 shows the central receiving antenna 802 receiving the alignment beam 108 from free space. The central receiving antenna 802 uses an optical receiving antenna to receive the aligned light beam 108, which uses a holographic optical element in an embodiment of the present invention. The central chain ## processor 804 includes an alignment beam detector, 002, a central demodulator 1G04, and a central demodulator. The alignment beam detector deletes and focuses the alignment beam 108, and provides a spatial offset for spatial separation, and detects each alignment beam 108 separately, regardless of whether the wavelengths are the same or different. The alignment beam detector 1002 can be similar to a two-dimensional array of light detectors, each receiving an alignment beam 108 from a different user network 104 or a low-order node. Align the beam ^ --- ^ --------- split -------- order --------- line (please read the precautions on the back first to write this page), 25 · A7 466851 ___B7 V. Description of the invention (23) The signal output by the detector 1002 corresponds to different alignment beams 108. The central receiving antenna 802 will center the central demodulator 1004 for the signal wheels corresponding to the different receiving alignment beams 108. In the embodiment, the collimated beam detector focuses the collimated beam 108 on a 1500 nm detector to detect whether the data rate exceeds 10 Mbps. This detector can be fed to MRV Communications. The central demodulator 1004 uses a conventional demodulation method (compatible with the modulation design used by the user modulator 904) to demodulate the carrier. For example, in the embodiment, the user demodulator 1004 is A conventional Ethernet ρα card. The central demodulator 1006 uses a method compatible with the user modulator 902, and separates the wavelengths in spatially independent optical channels. Therefore, the central demodulator 1006 can be a conventional passive frequency divider. Or select the divider. The central demodulator 1006 outputs the data to the central router / switcher 204, which then makes the data available to the peripheral network 105. On-chain transmission and reception operation Figure 11 shows the on-chain data transmission and reception process performed by the central network 102 (uplink transmission component), the user network 104 (uplink reception component), and the peripheral network 105. 1100 flowchart. Process 1100 starts at step 1102, and control immediately jumps to step 1104. At step no4, the user input / output interface 306 sends data from the peripheral network 105 to the user and uploads the data to the user. Signal processor 702. At step 1106, the user's on-chain signal processor 702 uses the user multiplexer 902, the user modulator 904, and the user optical transmitter 906 to process the data for transmission. At step 1108, the user antenna 302 transmits data from the free space on the alignment beam 108 to the free space. At step 丨 丨 ⑺, please read the back note first

I write page

Printed on line I Printed by Consumer Affairs Bureau of the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 26- 4 66 85 1 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (24) The receiving antenna 802 receives the alignment beam from free space. At step 1112, the central winding signal) 804 executes steps 352 to 358 (refer to FIG. 3B) of the user system controller 31 receiving function 350, and processes the alignment beam 108 to remove the data from the carrier and separate it. At least one channel. At step 1114, the central router / switcher 204 transmits the data to the peripheral network 105 as shown in step 1114 and / or to other central networks 102 as required in step 1116. Steps 1114 to 1116 are completed as shown in step 1118. / The main idea is to use the collimated beam 108 to transmit from the user network 104, which is cheaper than the shaped and divergent light cone 106 (which is transmitted from the central network 102 to the user network 104). For example, less power is required to align the beam 108. In addition, the use of the alignment beam 108 transmission can ensure that the interference between the two-way optical transmission between the central network 102 and the user network 104 is small. Recall that the communication system 100 (refer to the figure 丨) also supports the conventional data communication method ‘so the communication network 100 can communicate at a data rate commensurate with the communication medium. For example, the communication system 100 can transmit to free space at a data rate and receive via a telephone line at different (e.g., lower) data rates. Data packet structure As mentioned above, the communication system 100 uses packet switching technology, in which data is divided into several data packets before being transmitted through different network elements, so it will arrive at different times or out of order. For out-of-order reception, individual data packets can be reassembled at the intended destination. Description of FIG. 12-The data packet 1200 is applicable to the communication system 100. The data packet 1200 includes a payload 1202, the coherence of which is the asset content. For example, the content of the information -27- Ben ... Family Wolf Scarf Guanjia County (CNS) A4 specification ⑵Q χ 297 public love) '— ΙΊΙΙΊΙ — — — — — — — II-(Please read the ^ Notice on the back first And & ΙΓ 良 Ion '-J1T ·; Line-Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 466 85 A7 B7 Printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Video conference audio and video, etc. Those skilled in this technology can understand that the special load can be changed according to the application, and it includes the required information to facilitate the reassembly of the data packet into the original data sequence. The data packet 1200 also includes the header 1204, The header 1204 coherently includes a destination address 1206 to specify the destination network element (or receiver) to which the data packet 1200 is to be transmitted. That is, the address 1206 specifies the central network 102 and the user network 10. 4, or the peripheral network 105, or one of its lower-level nodes is the designated receiver of the special data packet 1200. When the receiver finds its special address 1206 in the data packet 120, the receiver is Accepted at address 1206 The data packet 1200 also includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 1208, which is used to detect transmission errors in the data packet 1200. Various forms of error detection and correction can be used instead of the CRC 1208 or as an additional Format. The data packet 1200 also includes correction data for any customary error correction methods. The data packet also includes various parts of various control or data information 121, such as for multi-play or broadcast review, of which-1 type of data packet 120 It is a SONET data packet structure, and the other is a standard Internet Protocol (positive) data packet (such as JPV 4 (IPv 6) used by the Ethernet 802.3 frame). Segmentation Recall in one embodiment , Using the light cone 106 to transmit data from the central network ⑺2 to the user network 104, and the light cone 106 is a shaped and divergent coherent beam. Several shaped and divergent coherent beams 10 are approximately circular. Radiant energy-like emission to illuminate any or all of the two areas in the central network area 102, much like a theater stage light shines on the stage. The illuminated area can be strengthened ^ It is better than other areas Light up to transmit more signal strength to the selection area =,-. --- ^ --- ^ ^ --------- install -------- order --------- --Line -... (Please read the Zhuyin on the back? Matters ^, write this page), -28- 466 85 1 A7 ________B7 V. Description of the invention (26). Like the theater stage lights, the light cone 106 can be configured as The radius of the radiation pattern can be from 0.25 meters to 3 kilometers in any shape. Each central network 102 optically shapes the laser radiation pattern in a narrow axial section (which includes a longitudinal section) in order to convert the infrared rays. The wavelength of the laser light is transmitted into it. In an embodiment, the central downlink signal) 206 fixes the laser beam into a desired light emission state, and the axial (or horizontal) section and / or vertical (or vertical) section is further divided into Several channels. Each channel is equipped with a special wavelength. The user may be equipped with a wavelength, so that the central network 102 can transmit the high-speed data stream to each user or user group at a predetermined wavelength. Each vertical or horizontal section has at least one channel of a different wavelength. Each channel can carry at least 10 Gbps of data. This configuration is suitable for a data transfer capacity of more than 20 Tbps and can serve thousands of users. FIG. 13 illustrates a transmission point 1301 with a segment 1OO. According to this embodiment, there are several horizontal sub-segments represented by sub-segments 1302a, 1302b, and 1302c. Each segment has vertical sub-segments with sub-areas. Paragraphs 1306a and 1306b are represented. Each vertical or horizontal can be subdivided into another subsection. Each horizontal sub-segment 1302a-c and / or vertical sub-segment 1306a-c can have at least one wavelength channel (not shown). When the communication system 100 uses the transmission point 1301 to communicate with the section path 13000, the address in the data packet 1200 designates the appropriate section 1302 and the wavelength consumer communication cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Print ^ 道 0 Child> Wang Yi highly controllable shaped beam so that the wavelength (or frequency) is reused by a non-sender 'who uses the communication system 100. The sections in the communication system 100 are strictly separated from each other 'so any channel can be used in any section. This space reuse technique provides more noticeable points than conventional non-optical systems. Conventional-29- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 4 6 6 85 1 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (27) Frequency reuse The design is necessary because the conventional expression to the right will cause side lobe interference in the radiated state. The implementation of segmentation and shaping and diverging the coherent beam 1 06 can avoid the problem of side lobe interference, so no frequency is required. Use design. To achieve this, the central transmitting antenna 208 uses a central geometric antenna, which is large in terms of operating wavelength (such as about 80 times the wavelength). On the contrary, the conventional non-spring antenna is about the same size as the carrier wavelength, so it cannot use geometric optics in its transmission section. The transmission point 1301 with section path 1300 can generate several types of footprints, which are defined here as projections The coverage area in the buildings of the Baoling Network 104, and the projection is made by the light beam radiated from the transmission point 1301. In one embodiment, the transmission 4 1001 has a foot-type section, It is designed to project an approximately circular footprint in the building of the Baoling Network 104. Of course, the invention does not limit the shape of the footprint. Figure 4 illustrates various suitable footprints 1402a-f produced by the central transmitting antenna 208, However, in some cases it can be understood that each group of light cones 106 emitted is only explained—the central transmitting antenna 208, for example, the central transmitting antenna 208a includes several telescopes, each of which can produce a unique shape of the radiation pattern. A telescope of 〇8c produces a cone of light 106d which produces a substantially circular footprint 1402d, while another telescope of the central transmitting antenna 208c produces a cone of light (not shown) which produces a substantially heptagonal footprint 1 402c. ', His footprints include oval, hexagon, ring, face, square, etc. For example, referring to FIG. 13 again, the sub-segment 1302a can generate oval footprints, and the sub-segments can be clipped to produce hexagonal footprints. The sub-section 1306b can produce torus-shaped footprints. The purpose of overlapping radiation patterns is to build the same at different data rates or capacities — 1 ^ --- Γ ^ --------------- ---- Order --------- line (please read the notes on the back to write this page) -30- 466851 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (28) Of course, there are several materials in the building. Factors determine the particular radiation pattern to be used, including the size and shape of the building, in order to install a user network, for example to ensure that the power in the optical signal can be effectively used. The communication system 100 can also include an optical strong wave 1404, To receive, reconstruct, and magnify the light cone 106 unidirectionally or bidirectionally, and transmit it to the user network 104 again. The optical strong wave device 1404 can compensate for the dead angle in the transmitted radiation pattern, so the optical strong wave device 1404 is regarded as The extension between the central network 102, although the optical strong wave device 1404 in the figure is a single component, it can also be Includes multiple receiver-transmitter pairs to detect, reconstruct, zoom in, and retransmit the light cone 106 under the elements shown in Figures 2-6 above. Figure 15 shows the central network surrounded by the segment path 1300. 〇2's shape 150,000 'The embodiment in shape 1500 includes 3 hexagonal light propagation patterns 1502a, 1502b, and 1502c. In this embodiment, each segment path 1300 has 36 segments Among them, each of the segments 1502a !, 1502th, and 1502 ~ represents a segment in each segment aspect Π00. Another embodiment has 60 axial segments each having an azimuth angle of 6 degrees, and 5 vertical The segments each have 8 channels to accommodate data rates from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps. In another embodiment, the radiation pattern is divided into 120 three-degree sections. Each zone # transmits data from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps to the user network. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 15 also illustrates a number of central networks 102 connected by an extremely wideband optical backbone chain 1510. The optical backbone key 1510 also allows connection to the Internet pop, pstn or other peripheral networks 105. The method and connection device for high-speed two-way data communication via a free-space network described in this article is particularly suitable for foggy weather, in which optical signals are easily attenuated. Based on the data generated by the point-to-point laser communication in London, UK -31-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 4 6 6 8 5 1 A7 V. Description of the invention (29) 2 = = 当When merging past databases, you can generate weather data and hourly data for 40 years. Using this information, the parameters of the communication system 100 can be modified to compensate for certain atmospheric conditions. For example, the power output of the central transmitting sky f208, and / or the user antenna 302, the cell radius, the detection sensitivity and / or the data rate can be appropriately increased or decreased. Similarly, the antenna size can be adjusted to compensate for any expected signal attenuation. The coverage area of the light-emitting state generated by the central transmitting antenna 208 can also be designed to predict the atmospheric conditions. For example, Seattle, China is famous for Erduwu weather, which usually results in strong attenuation, and can Reduce the light emission state to one quarter of a kilometer 'and compare it with the radiant energy of 2 kilometers at the sunny line position. ~ 7 ~ Other appropriate corrections include changing the shape of the light cone 106 and changing the transmittable beam / light cone The color of windows, changing the intensity of optical amplification, etc. Broadcast and multi-play operations. Think of the communication system 100 broadcasting and multi-playing data from the central network 102. For example, during broadcast operations, the data is from any central network 102 or other Order nodes are transmitted to all user networks 104 and / or all peripheral networks 105 and / or their lower order nodes. All conventional broadcast addressing designs are suitable for implementing this embodiment. Point-to-multipoint multiplay communication In the selected user network 104, the peripheral network 105 and / or its low-level nodes can receive data. This embodiment is applicable to the case where the same data content is expected to be transmitted at approximately the same time User network 104 and / or peripheral network; [05 special group (such as when holding a video conference). • 32 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) Please. First Read the back 1 © Note book booklet Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4

Explanation of the invention (30) In this embodiment, the reference name includes various parts of the multi-play period 12ϊ0 (Figure ⑺ and-group user Gan) to identify-the multi-play period. Contents transmitted:; = Receivers of the transmission during the multi-play period-Cheng Zhenzhi of the special broadcast group-received, high-speed data received during the same playback period-another member of the group during the multi-play period 4 = ::: Γ: is related to a set of unique address tables ... m \ m for replay to determine each receiver, which is related to the unique address of the group. The data packet from the center 12_ is sent to the designated recipient group. 2 = The unique address of the recipient who is connected to the network joins each data packet. ^ Received from each of the central networks 102. Also includes ID conversion during multiple multiplay. Table so that she can identify the multi-play period identification code to the user ’s r period. She can identify at least-the multi-play period,: ;;:, ,, and 4 month codes are a group representing a group of users — _ 4, 1 meaning. φ Kushiro also includes at least-a conversion table to identify the unique address of each group of the multi-play period identification code. The group is associated with each group. Table 1 is an example of the multi-play period identification code applicable to the embodiment of the present invention. Table 1 lists the typical multi-play period (1 to 4), the identification number (MD) of the function group to which the special multi-play period belongs, the address group of the special recipient in the special function group, and the special multi-play period. The recipient of the unique address designated to receive the transport during the period. Note that there can be multiple recipients during the multi-play period, that is, a receiver includes the replay table during the multi-play period. CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) — — I — III · II-· (Please read the precautions on the back and order this page first) Order · Thread · Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives- 33 »A7 466851 B7 V. Description of the invention (31) During period 2. Note that the receiver is designated 104a to 104d to indicate several user networks 104 or several lower-order nodes. Table 1 Function group ID during multiplay only Address Recipient 1 A 01 12.3456.7890 104a 0223.4567.8901 104b 0334.5678.9012 104c 0445.6789.0123 104d 2 B 0445.6789.0123 104d 0223.4567.8901 104b 0334.5678.9012 104c 3 C 0445.6789.0123 104d 0112.3456.7890 104a 4 D 0445.6789 .0123 104d 0334.5678.9012 104c — — — — —.I ----- installation -------: -order --------- line (please read the note on the back first :: > Write this page) The flowchart of Figure 16 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics shows a multi-play process 1600. The multi-play process 1600 starts at step 1602, and control immediately jumps to step 1604. At step 1604 A peripheral network 105 transmits high-speed data and an identifier during the multi-play period to the central network 102. For example, according to Table 1, during the first multi-play period, a peripheral network 105 transmits a function group identifier A to the central network. 102. In step 1606, the central network 102 receives the high-speed data and the identification code during the multi-play. In step 1608, the central network 102 determines it by querying its conversion table. -34- This paper standard applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A 4 size (210 X 297 mm) 466851

V. Description of the invention (32) 的 The functional group to which the multi-playing belongs belongs. In step 1610, the central network 102 determines the recipients in the functional group. At step 1612, the central network 102 determines the unique address of each receiver in the group in the functional group. For example, the central network 102 queries its multi-play period ID conversion table to determine the unique address of the recipient group to which the functional group ID A belongs. At step 1614, the central network 102 adds the unique address of the recipient group to the high-speed data received from the central network 102, and transmits the generated high-speed data to the receivers 104a-d. Once the high-speed data has been transmitted from the central network 102 to the receivers 104a-d, the multi-play flow 1600 is terminated as shown in step 1616. Note that the multiplexing and demultiplexing design used by the central network 102 differs from the multiplexing and demultiplexing design used by the user network 104 in that the multiplexing and demultiplexing design of the central network ι02 has an address An additional level of conversion to accommodate the transfer of incoming IP addresses to the appropriate addresses. This additional transmission is at the central router / switcher 204. All optics described herein can be included in a black box, such as a Faraday box, in order to isolate optical components from external interference (such as external optical frequencies). Including optics in a black box is cheaper and simpler than conventional methods to avoid external interference. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

Recall that the central router / switcher 204 is connected to the central network! 〇2 to the peripheral network 105 and the user network 104, so that data is exchanged between them. Recall that the central router / switcher 204 supports NIC and can be manufactured by the packet engine company's g_nIC network interface card. Figure 17 shows the central router / switcher 204 implemented on the G-NIC network interface card. The central router / switcher 204 in this embodiment includes a ten-memory bit on the chain -35- ^ Paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm 7) Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Cooperative Printed 466851 A7 ____B7 V. Description of the invention (33) Chun 1702 and two feeding service bindings:-Additional ten-memory feeding service bees 1704 and -10 / secret network server port !. Central router / Switcher 204 also includes plastic logic and memory control processor 1707. 接收 Receives data packet 120 at its input, and outputs from twelve to any one of the servo ports. At the same time, the central router / switcher 2 04 Any data packet received on the input of the active server port 1200 is sent to the output of the 10-bit uplink port 1702. Note that all data packets 1200 or 1706 from the server port will be sent to Ten-memory bit το uplink port 1702, but the data packet 1200 (destination is server port 1704 or 1706) from ten-memory bit-link port 1702 will be processed by the logic and memory control processor 1707 Filtering, that is, only data packets 1200 that meet the filtering requirements Send to the appropriate servo bee 1704, 1706. In a very small case, the ten-memory uplink port 1702 can receive the data packet 1200 by receiving only the data packet 1200 whose destination is a special Ethernet address. The received data packets are filtered by 1 200. In this embodiment, the 10-bit uplink port 1702 also receives broadcast data packets and multi-play data packets. In one embodiment, the user network 104 The filtering is performed by the host computer system under the range of. The central router / switcher 204 of another embodiment directly connects a matching port from a servo to the matching port on the host computer system of the user network 104. In this embodiment, if The ten-memory uplink port 1702 uses the same Ethernet address as the original computer system, so the central router / switch 204 only supports the host on its ten-memory uplink port 1702. This is because The Ethernet address of the host computer system has been designed in the central router / switcher 204. In another embodiment, the central router / switcher 204 automatically discovers data-36- This paper standard applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS ) A4 size (210 X 297 mm)-^ 1 ϋ Lr υ nn an I nn-. (Please read the phonetic notes on the back to write this page) Order: .line. A7 466851 V. Description of the invention (34) The Ethernet address of the packet 1200, and can be used in the word See on the server. Or, 'The central router / switcher 204 is designed to have the same Ethernet address as the Ethernet card, which is assigned to the host computer system. Some additional features The communication system 100 can add a conventional communication system. Note that the larger capacity is important because standard phones have reached their limits and can only provide a data network connection of about 60 Kbps. Other alternative networks have been developed but are still limited. For example, ISDNg previously considered a solution for wide area networks, and still only 128 Kbps. The newly developed ADSL service is limited to 8 Mbps and is asymmetric (only in the downlink direction quickly). Existing personal computers (PCs) are capable of local area network communication at speeds above 100 Mbps, making these wide area network technologies extremely inadequate. The most controversial is to break through the bottleneck of bandwidth in satellites with low surface orbit (LE0). These satellite networks can get a data downlink rate of 15_28Mbps. However, the cost of installing these systems requires billions of dollars. And it takes years to make it redundant. Optical fiber and LMDS have also begun to be used in the electricity market, and this is the planned technology. Although LMDS only has 25% of the cost of installing optical fiber, it still only has 4 to 4% of the total traffic capacity for each 4km wide cell. The upper limit of 6 Gbps, and there are significant restrictions on system growth. For example, in an area twice as large as the Seattle business district, only 40 to 60 customers can access at 100 Mbps simultaneously. In contrast, the optical communication system 100 can serve up to thousands of such simultaneous connections. The communication system 100 only needs 30% of the cost of the LMDS (or about 8% of the optical fiber) -37- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Read the note on the back page Ministry of Economy Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 466851 A7 B7 5. Invention Description (35), and there is no 2 Gbps limit for the total capacity of each cell. Recall that the communication system can communicate at 2.5 Gbps duplex or L25 simplex per channel. And the total capacity of each system map exceeds 2 Tbps. This capacity is more than 10,000 times LMDw, and the cost of the basic architecture is very low, and it can reduce the competitive price and / or provide better services than its competitors. '' The communication system 100 accomplishes this high-speed / large-capacity by combining wireless, optical fiber, and network to form a unique network that can transmit extremely multi-bit information in an extremely accurate and efficient manner worldwide. The size and shape of the communication system 100 antenna is similar to that of many small dish antennas seen on roofs, but the antenna may be placed behind the window glass, so its installation is much easier than the antenna that can only be installed on the roof. Although the technology implemented by the communication system 100 allows the range of radiation patterns to be more than 3 kilometers, the central network 102 can be made smaller for a city center, and it depends only on the geographical environment of the area and the size and structure of the building. position. In addition, as described above, the communication system 100 has excellent channel reuse characteristics, so the cost is extremely low, the capacity is extremely high, and the bandwidth is large. Using a very simple example, suppose that the central network 102 is divided into 120 segments each containing 3 degrees, and each segment transmits 100 Mbps to 25 Gbps. In this very simple example, this single central network 102 can transmit 300 Gbps to many users. By adding additional channels in each section, you can significantly increase the amount of data processed. By using 8 channels per section, the optical communication system 100 can effectively increase the data processing capacity to 2.4 Tbps on a single regional central network 102. This central network 102 can simultaneously provide 100 Mbps services to 24,000 users. This is far better than the conventional communication system, and the only closest competition is -38- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) --- ^ --- 1 ------- -褒 --- (Please read the notes on the back to write this page) Order · --Line · Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives 466851

V. Description of the invention (36) The contender is LMDS, which is currently limited to about 4 Gbps per cell. Many components in the communication system 100 may be hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, and may be implemented in a computer system or other processing system. The concepts of the present invention are implemented using hardware, which is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a hardware state machine. In the implementation of the use of the track body, ¾ •, I was stored in a computer program product (such as CD-ROM, hard disk, floppy disk, etc.) or a private storage device (such as a product (such as CD-ROM, hard Disk drive, floppy disk drive, etc.) That is, software that can be obtained from removable hard disks or codes that are downloaded to the hard disk drive. In addition, software can include codes stored in modules, such as read-only Memory (ROM), programmable rom (prom), or any erasable PROM (EPROM, EEPROM, etc.). According to an embodiment, the communication system 100 uses the conventional time-division multiple proximity (TDMA) technology. In TDMA, Each user network 丨 04 specifies at least one TDMA time slot according to the assigned wavelength (or data rate), and the networks will communicate with each other in the specified TDMA time slot. When the communication system ι〇〇 uses tdma technology 'communication System 100 can multiplex with several user networks 104 on the TDMA channel, using custom refraction grading (or path mask), and receive only some data from the data string at each user network 104. Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Prints a Source Control for Employee Consumer Cooperatives (Not shown) coordinate the designation of the TDMA time slot. The source administrator coordinates a channel (such as a time slot in a special frequency). The connection of the light cone 106 and the alignment beam 108 can be configured using standard Internet protocols. Complete, such as turning on the shortest path first (0SPF), the system-chain state transmission algorithm can be used to calculate the transmission based on the number of routers, transmission speed, delay, and transmission cost. Other conventional transmission algorithms can also be used- 39-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) 4 6 6 8 5 1 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (37) The light consumer cone of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed the law to reach the cone of light 106 and the alignment beam 108. Figure 18 shows another embodiment of the communication system 100. Another embodiment uses multiple proximity receivers / transmitters (MART) 1802 for transmission and reception. Central network 102 Received 1802 with a transmission link. The transmission chain 1800 is a hard-wired chain, such as a telephone line or fiber optic cable, but a wireless chain (such as radio frequency, laser light, etc.) can also be used. In addition, although Figure 18 shows the central network 1〇 2 and 1802 are separate remote components, but it can be known that MART 1802 can be in the central network 102. MART 1802 includes a central transmitting antenna 208 and an array 1804 of central receiving antenna 802. The central transmitting antenna 208 of FIG. 18 is coaxially configured. At the center of each of its central receiving antennas 802, other modifications are possible, such as the central transmitting antenna 208 is located near (or separate from) its central receiving antenna 802 'instead of being coaxially arranged. If transmitting and receiving signals The wavelengths between them are sufficiently wide to use the same optical device for transmission and reception. The down-chain transmission of the central network 102 to the user network 104 and / or the peripheral network 105 uses the concept of dividing a single broadcast beam into several light cones, and each light cone has all the information. 106 is in a single broadcast beam. First, at least one power amplifier 408, such as 500mW EDFA, separates a single broadcast beam received from the transmission chain 1800 in MART 1802, and provides individual signals to each central transmitting antenna 208. The central transmitting antenna 208 then transmits each signal as a light cone 106 to the user network 104 and / or the peripheral network 105. The array 1804 or individual central transmitting antennas 208 and central receiving antennas 802, for example, can be mounted in a soil-less balanced loop structure to guide the transmitted light cone 106. The provided optics can be used to focus and guide the light cone 106 as needed. The embodiment of FIG. 18 allows at least one light cone 106 to be read on the user ’s network ιο4 or week. Please read the back notice page. -40- 466851 Printed by A7, Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs B7 V. Description of the invention (38) The edge network 105 is focused on a special receiver. That is, if it is not transmitted to a complete building, a separate light cone 106 can be transmitted to a special receiver in the building. In addition, the separate light cones 106 can have different powers, so that the light cones 106 with higher power can be transmitted to the receiver, which are located far away or behind black windows, and the light cones with lower power 106 Send to a receiver at a shorter distance. Furthermore, MART 1802 can be transmitted to more than one building, so that some light cones 106 are transmitted to one building and other light cones 106 are transmitted to other buildings. By adjusting the transmitted power level and the central transmitting antenna 208 pointing in the appropriate direction, it is possible to connect several buildings and distances from the same 28-meter 1828. In order to achieve maximum efficiency, the known power output of the power amplifier 408 can be distributed among various light cones 106, so that light cones 106 that require less power can reduce power, but light cones 106 that require more power Corresponding increase in power. In addition, the transmission coverage area of MART 1802 can be easily changed by adjusting the number of divisions in the power amplifier 408. By dividing a single broadcast signal in the power amplifier 408, a segment can be made to a full hemisphere, and a central transmitting antenna 208 is provided in each quadrant. The MART 1802 can also receive the collimated beam from the user network 104 and / or the peripheral network ι5, and the central network antenna 802 in the MART 1802 receives the user beam from the user network 104 and / or the peripheral network 1 The plural alignment beams 108 transmitted by the individual transmitters in θ5. Similar to the transmission from MART 1802 described above, the transmission of alignment beams 108 to MARt 1802 from the user network 104 and / or the peripheral network 105 can allow multiple signals to be connected to the MART 1802. The embodiment shown in FIG. 18 can provide many possible design parameters, for example, a paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public copy) ------ r .--- Γ- ----- install -------- order --------- line- «(Please read the notes on the back first; v write this page), ί A7 466851 ----- ----- B7_____ 5. Description of the invention (39) The 120 section can project a 100-meter light cone 10 onto a diameter of 500 meters. A 3 mrad beam can project a cone of light 106, which has a diameter of 1.5 meters at a distance of 500 meters. Using the same transmission power during segmentation and assuming zero loss, a 3 mrad beam can be projected for all 4,444 customers with the same power density as the 120 segment. Alternatively, it can provide services to 100 customers, each with a 16dB chain margin. Increased chain margins can be used to reduce the size and cost of each customer receiver. Although specific concepts and examples of the present invention have been described for the purpose of illustration, various equivalent modifications can still be made within the scope of the present invention, and such modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Known by those skilled in the art. For example, although it has been described herein that a laser can generate a variety of light beams and light transmission ', other light emitting devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used. And although in the embodiment of this document, the alignment beam 108 is used in the network up-link component (refer to Figure 7-10), and the alignment beam 108 is used in the network down-link component (refer to Figure 2 and 3_5), It can be understood that, in some embodiments, the light-up cone 106 can be used for the on-chain component or the alignment beam 108 can be used for the key-down component on the network. In addition, several channels (such as frequency range) can be used in the on-chain as long as there is proper coordination between the user and the central node. The instructions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are applicable to any standard optical network connection. For example, a G-NIC network interface card can be used in a PC (refer to Figure 2). In addition, at least two components or functions of the communication system 100 can be used in the following devices, such as computer networks, computer-readable media (such as magnetic cartridges, digital video discs, CD-ROMs, Paragon cartridges, random access Memory (RAM), ROM, smart card, etc.) and related devices. Can be read on a computer or the paper size of the computer applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ------- LA --- i ----------- --- Order ---------; (Please read the notes on the back ^ write this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -42 ·

4 6 6% & 8lll2116 Chinese Patent Application Revision Sheet (June 90) V. Description of Invention (Executable instructions, such as microprocessor or Lei Cong weight, program module or macro concentration Second force flb. According to the detailed description provided herein-a person skilled in the art can understand how to use such features. After referring to the above detailed description, you can find n silly 'Γ to make these and other changes to the present invention, usually in the following Nomenclature that makes ^ ^ α ^ ^ convenient in the scope of patent application should not be regarded as limiting the specific concept of the invention described in the specification and the scope of patent application, ^ Λ ^ xi, but should be interpreted as Including all the optical communication extracts, it is possible to operate under the scope of the patent application to provide high-speed optical data. It is not limited to the above disclosure, and vice versa The #a encirclement of Mingge σ — j of the present invention is determined by the scope of the following patent applications, and it should be interpreted according to the teachings of the application of Yuanchao * τ Ming profit seeking range. Element symbol description Ministry of Economic Affairs in Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards Consumer Cooperative «. 100 Communication system 102 Central network 104 User network 104a_b Receiver 105 Peripheral network 106a-c Coherent beam (light cone;) 108 Alignment beam 108a-c Alignment Beam 200 .Transmission function 204 Central router / switcher 206 Central downlink signal processor 208 Central transmitting antenna 210 Central system controller 300 Transmission routine 302 304 306 308 310 350 402 404 406 .408 502 504 506 508 User Antenna User Downlink Signal Processor User Input / Output Interface User Equipment and Device User System Controller Receives Normal Encoder Modulator Multiplexer Power Amplifier Light Cone Detector User Demodulator Use Decoder Multiplexer User Decoder -43 This paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (⑽) Α · _age 297 public envy) 4 6 6 8¾i8ii2ii6 Chinese Patent Application Amendment Page (June 90) 5 Description of the invention (40a) Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Co-operation 600, the data transmission and reception process of the downlink 1100, the data transmission and reception process of the uplink 702, the user's upload signal processing 1200 data packet 802 central receiving antenna 1202 load 804 central winding signal processor 1204 head 902 user multiplexer 1206 destination address 904 user modulator 1208 cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 906 user optical transmitter 1210 Various parts 1002 Alignment beam detector 1300 Segment 1004 Central demodulator 1006 Central demultiplexer 1302a, 1302b, 1302c, horizontal sub-segment 1306a, 1306b, vertical sub-segment 1301 transmission point 1402a-f 1404 footprint optical Strong wave 1500 shape 1502a, 1502b, 1502c, large-shaped light transmission || like 1502a, 1502b, 1502c, section 1510 optical backbone chain 1704 additional gigabit servo port 1600 multiple playback process 丨 1706 10 / 100B Ethernet server 1702 billion-bit wind-up bee 1800 transmission chain 1802 multiple proximity receiver / transmitter (MART) 18Q4, array (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page,} order 43a- paper from Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 · (21〇χ297 public epidemic)

Claims (1)

6 4 6 Patent Application No. 8fdll2116 Α8 Chinese Patent Application Scope Amendment (June 1990 Factory 6. Scope of Patent Application 1. 2. The Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed a communication system including: — peripheral nodes configured to transmit at least — 12 information «., For example — information signals and reception at least-the central node 'is configured to receive from An information signal in the surrounding section, and an up-regulation via a first light beam ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, -Information signals to the surrounding nodes, and configured to receive at least one third data transmission, click on μnen, & 就 L, it comes from 4 free spaces on a younger one beam; and: fewer user nodes, configure To receive the first light beam and demodulate the modulated first information signal from free space, and is configured to transmit the third information signal via the first-beam-upper (free space). For example, please patent the first item! A communication system in which the first beam includes a shaped and divergent laser beam \ and the second beam includes an aligned beam 0 As in the communication system of item i of the patent application, at least one central node includes: a plurality of central nodes Point to form a central network, each central node is configured to transmit a plurality of first information signals through free space, which is modulated on a shaped and divergent coherent beam; and wherein one user node includes a plurality of user nodes to form A user network, each user "point I is configured to receive a plurality of first information signals through free space, which is modulated on a shaped and divergent coherent beam; and wherein the central point is configured to node-to-node, node To many points (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) ---- I—J ------ 1T ----------------- IL_ —:- ---------- Α8 修 9fe9 / 12ffl · P8 Please send the patent to the user node in point-to-node or multipoint-to-multipoint mode. Two methods for transmitting data between a central point and at least one user, the method includes: modulating data on a light beam at a central point and at least one user's address > Transmitting light beams in space; demodulating the light beam and acquiring data and at least one user address; transmitting data to the user according to the user address; and transmitting data from the user to a central point. For example, the method of claim 4 in the patent scope, wherein the light beam modulated on the data and at least ten user addresses includes a certain type and divergent light beam. 6. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) For the method of item 4 in the scope of patent application, which modifies the light beam on the user's address and at least one address, 1T. It includes a certain type, divergent and coherent. Light beam 07. The method according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein the light beam modulated on the data and at least one user address includes a light beam. 8. The method of item 4 of the scope of patent application, further comprising: i. Adjusting the data and 'several user addresses on one beam; transmitting data to several user addresses; and consumption of shellfish by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Cooperative prints transmit data from at least one user to a central point through free space or via at least one telephone line. 9. The method according to item 4 of the scope of patent application, further comprising transmitting light beams to several user addresses through free space in a point-to-point, point-to-multipoint ', multipoint-to-point, or multipoint-to-r point manner. -2- National National Standards (CNS > A4 specification (210X297 mm) 4 6 6 85 1 A8 _ # Λ, patent application scope 1 supplementary 1 0 · a communication system, including: Consumption cooperation: print a central node configured to transmit an information signal through free space, which is modulated on a divergent coherent beam; and a user node configured to receive divergent coherent beams from free space and automatically process the modulated information The signal, in which the divergent coherent light beam received at the user node has divergent coherent light of different sizes at the central node ii. If the communication system of item 10 of the patent application scope includes a plurality of central nodes each configured to pass through free space A plurality of information signals modulated on a plurality of divergent beams; and a plurality of user nodes each configured to receive an information signal transformed on a divergent beam from free space, wherein the central node is configured to broadcast simultaneously, or Multi-play mode is transmitted to the user node. 12 · As for the communication system with the scope of patent application No. 0, among which The node is configured to transmit to the user node through free space in a broadcast or multi-play manner. 1 3 · If the communication system of the patent application No. 丨 0, further includes peripheral nodes configured to transmit information signals to the central node for tuning 1 4 _ If the communication system in the scope of patent application No. 丨 0, it also includes a common carrier 'virtual node' or an area code configured to transmit information signals to the central node for modulation. 5. If the patent is claimed The communication system of Fanyuan Item 10, in which the central node and the user node are connected using the synchronous optical network (s ONET) architecture. 6. If the communication system of Item 10 of the patent application scope includes peripheral nodes, the paper Home Standards (CNS) Baer 2 ^ 7 466851 A8 Patent application scope ft ι | »Click where the central node ’s user node and the surrounding nodes are connected using a synchronous optical network (SONET) architecture. 17 · If the communication system of item 10 in the scope of patent application, the central node and the user node are connected using a ten-memory Ethernet architecture. 18 · If the communication system under the scope of patent application No. 丨 0, it further includes a peripheral node ′ of which the central node, user node, and peripheral nodes are connected using a ten-memory Ethernet architecture. 1 9 _ If the communication system under the scope of the patent application, the divergent light beam includes a certain type of coherent infrared laser, operating at a wavelength of about 155 nm, 2 0. Such as the communication under the scope of the patent application, i 〇 System, where the divergent beam includes a certain type of coherent infrared, near infrared, or visible light beams. 2 1. The communication system according to the patent application No. 丨 0, wherein the light beam includes a certain and coherent divergent light beam. 2 2 · If the communication system of item 10 of the patent application scope further includes a diffraction grating ′ beam shaping lens, or a holographic imaging optical element. 2 3 · The communication system according to item 10 of the patent application scope further includes a beam shaping optics to horizontally shape the divergent beam. Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order 2 4 · If the communication system for the patent application item No. 丨, it also includes a beam shaping optics for vertical shaping The divergent light beam. 25. The communication system according to item 10 of the patent application scope, wherein the information signal further includes at least one data packet having a file header and a load, and the file header specifies at least one user node and the load includes high-frequency data. 2 6. A guidance system including: Central Laboratories of Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives ¥ System 466851 At least-the user node is configured to transmit the information signal through a beam of light; and-the central node is configured to receive the beam from free space and demodulate the information signal from the beam, and transmit the information signal to a peripheral node. "· For example, the communication system of the patent application No. 26, wherein the light beam includes a quasi-beam. 28. For the communication system of the patent application No. 26, the light beam includes a certain type and divergent light beam. 29. For the patent application No. 26 The communication system of the present invention, wherein the user node is configured to transmit and align the information signal modulated on the laser beam, and the central node is configured to receive an information signal modulated on the aligned laser beam. The communication system of the 26th item, wherein the node further includes an antenna having a diffraction grating, & beam shaping lens, or a holographic photographic optical element. 31. If the communication system of the 26th item of the patent application is unified, The light beam includes a light beam in a spectral region of about 1550 nm. 32_ — a device configured to transmit through free space — an optical carrier to a plurality of user nodes, including: an input port configured to receive an information signal; and a radiation An energy generator configured to generate an optical carrier; a signal processor connected to the radiant energy generator and an input port configured to process and combine Studies carrier and information signals; and an antenna, connected to the signal processor configured to generate a certain type and divergence of radiant energy, radiant energy, and to transmit the combined shaping and diverging (Read Notes on the back and then fill the page) -5- 6 4 Optical carrier and information signal to free space β 33. The device in the scope of patent application No. 32 further includes a multiplexer configured to combine several of the signals from several wavelength channels with the optical carrier. 34. For example, the device of Fangu No. 32 of the patent application, further includes ―optical time-division multiplexer (OTDM), multiplexing s (hdwdm) to the density wavelength, a coherent multi-channel heterodyne detector, and a coherent multi-channel Homodyne detector, a coherent multi-channel homodyne detector,-fusion filter coupler,-Soliton multiplexer, a frequency combiner, a polarity combiner, a space combiner, or algebraic conversion combine And configured to combine a plurality of information signals from a plurality of channels into an optical carrier. 35. The device according to item 32 of the scope of patent application further includes a power amplifier, a bait-doped fiber amplifier, or a hafnium-doped fiber amplifier configured to amplify the optical carrier. 36. For example, device 32 of the scope of application for a patent further includes an encoder configured to encode data and control signals into the information signal. 3 7 · A method for transmitting and receiving data between a user point and one of a plurality of peripheral points via a central point, the method comprising: modulating data and at least one on an aligned light beam at the user point Peripheral point address; The Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is printed on the user point and transmits the alignment beam to the central point through free space. At the central point, the alignment beam is demodulated and the data is retrieved from the peripheral points. Address; and send data to surrounding point addresses. ____-6-This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 gong)-Name 8 f # · ΐ £ ΐ 8 Zangyi's scope of patent application 3 8 The method further includes modulating data and peripheral point addresses on an aligned laser beam. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) 3 9 · If the method of item 37 of the patent application park, the method further includes adjusting the data on several aligned beams and the addresses of several peripheral points; and transmitting the data To several peripheral point addresses. 40. The method according to item 37 of the scope of patent application, further includes transmitting light beams to the surrounding points through free space in a point-to-point, multipoint-to-point 'or multipoint-to-multipoint mode. 41. A method of begging data, including : Combining several data channels into one data stream; modulating the data stream on at least one divergent beam; transmitting the divergent beam through free space;? 7 demodulating the divergent beam and capturing the data stream; and transferring several data channels from the data Separated in the stream. 42. The method according to item 41 of the scope of patent application, further comprising: modulating data on a certain type and divergent light beam; and transmitting several data channels to several user devices. The Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperation, Du Zhongshi 43. If the method of applying for the scope of patent application No. 41, it further includes modulating the data flow on a certain type, divergence 'and coherent beams. 44. The method according to item 41 of the patent application park further comprises modulating the data stream on at least two laser beams having different wavelengths < at least two laser beams, which are transmitted through free space on a substantially identical divergent light cone. 45. The method of Article 41 of the Patent Application Park, including the method of -point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, multipoint-to-point, or multipoint-to-multipoint, through free space 466851 Apply for the scope of patent and transmit the divergent light beam to several users, including in several data channels and more in several data channels 4 6. Encrypt the data according to the method in the scope of patent application 41. 47. Code the information as described in the 41st patent application. Including 48 · —a kind of antenna for receiving information signals, an antenna configured to receive an optical carrier with —information signals from free space, which is modulated on a certain type and divergent coherent beam; page —- signal processor ' Connected to an antenna, configured to process and demodulate the 疋 -type and divergent coherent light |,. 俾 to separate the information signal from the optical carrier; and output 埤 ', connected to the k processor, configured to transmit the information signal to at least A device. 49. The device according to item 48 of the patent application, wherein the antenna comprises at least one comprehensive imaging optical element or a telescope. 〇 The device of claim 48, wherein the signal processor includes at least a certain type and divergent coherent beam detector, a demodulator, a demultiplexer 'or a decoder. 51. If the device of the scope of application for patent No. 48, the interface is configured to transmit information signals to one of the following, such as a signal node management protocol (sNMp) device 'transmission control protocol (TCP) device, a gate, a regional node, a Bridge, a printer, a hard drive, a graphics display interface card, a TV 'a TV receiver' telecommunications equipment, video conference equipment, audio and video equipment 'or home cinema electronics. 8- This paper U is applicable to China National Union (CNS) Α4 · (21Gx297 public director) 466851 6. Application for patent g 52. A method for transmitting and receiving data, including: receiving coded data and an identification code during multiple playback, the multiple playback room: the table is not selected from the group of multiple user nodes, and is configured to receive the coded data; Free space and on a certain type and divergent beam, transmit the encoded data and the identification code during multiple playback to a plurality of user nodes; receive the shaped and divergent beam from free space; and decode the encoded data. 53. For example, the method of claim 52 of the scope of patent application further includes appending the encoded data to the -group-user-node node tank, so as to indicate that the group receives user nodes. 55. 54. If the method of item 52 of the scope of patent application, it further includes modulating the encoded data and the unique user node address of the group on a certain and divergent beam. A data communication system comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit through a free space modulated by a certain type and divergent coherent beam-information signal, wherein the divergence of the coherent beam is sufficient to separate the reception and reception of complex space; and- A group receiver is selected from a plurality of receivers and is configured to receive a shaped and divergent coherent light beam from a free space, and decode a modulated information signal. 56. The system of item 55 in the scope of the second patent, wherein each receiver in the set of receivers has a unique receiver address, and the transmitter is configured to send a unique signal before transmitting an information signal to the set of receivers. Receiver address adds information signal. 5 7. If the system of claim 5 of the patent scope is applied, the transmitter is configured to be printed by 6 Consumer Cooperatives of the Yinyang Procurement Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 ϊ 85 1 A8 Bg C8 D8 The information signal is transmitted during the multi-play of the data packet of the identification code, and the identification code is entered with the high-speed data and the selected receiver. 58. If the system of item 55 of the scope of patent application, further includes a ^ storage device, and even $ it $ > g & put it into storage-multi-play period identification code conversion table '俾 the first and second multi-play periods, respectively The identification code is converted into the unique receiver address of the first and second sets of receivers. 5 9. A free-space optical data communication method, including: receiving an antenna, a shaped and divergent coherent light beam transmitted through free space, wherein the light beam has a .information signal modulation, and the signal received at the antenna is received The cross-sectional area of the divergent coherent beam is substantially larger than that of the antenna; and demodulating the coherent and divergent coherent beam and recovering the signal. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the information signal includes at least one video signal ' audio signal or data signal. 61. The method of claim 59, wherein the high-speed information signal includes at least one video signal with a first data rate, and at least one audio signal with a second data rate, or a data signal with a third data rate. 62. A data communication system comprising:-a transmitting node 'having at least one' light-emitting energy generator, generating information on a plurality of sections including a radiant energy beam, wherein each sub-section includes a channel, and each of which The channels operate at substantially the same wavelength. 63. The data communication system according to item 62 of the patent application, wherein the sections include a wheel + direction section. 64. For example, the data communication system of the 62nd scope of the patent application, wherein the sections include-=-,---—l · — «^ 1, I-. I · n ^ m · I-n — ill-I --aJ l V ./-1-. (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) > Paper and silver scale IKEA Standard (10- CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) 4 56 85 1 MM A8 B8 C8 D8 The Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints out vertical sections. 65. The data communication system and system of item 62 of the Chinese Patent Application, the sections of which include axial sections, where each section includes at least two sub-sections, and where the sub-sections include vertical sub-sections segment. 6 6. The data communication system according to item 62 of the patent application park, wherein the sections include at least one oval section, hexagon section, ring section, oval subsection, and hexagon subsection. , Or a circular subsection. For example, the patent information system of Item 6.2 of the Patent Fanyuan, in which each channel operates at a wavelength of about 1550 nm. 68. The data communication system of claim 62, wherein a first channel operates at a first wavelength and a second channel operates at a second wavelength. I 6 9. The data communication system according to item 62 of the patent application scope, wherein the transmitting node includes a telescope ^ 70. A method for transmitting data, including: modulating at least one information signal on at least one carrier; and vertical along a complex number Transmission of modulation information signals at substantially the same time in the differential section. 71. For example, the transmission of the patent information in the scope of the patent application includes transmitting transmission signals at the same time along the complex horizontal differential section. The transmission reference wavelength of each item is transmitted on each of the vertical differential sections. 73. If the application of the patent scope of the 70th paragraph of the complex number of the vertical number 0¾, including at least two of the complex difference section has a different profile (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this Page) -11 -11 private paper from the two national standards (CNS) Ali ^ O Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Central Government Procurement Bureau Consumer Cooperatives 74 ‘As requested, the transmission of each item, where each of the plural vertical difference sections includes information in the same wave. . For example, the transmission method of item 70 in the scope of the patent application, wherein at least one carrier includes a coherent beam of divergence, which is transmitted along the complex vertical differential section. 76. A communication system including: a central node configured to divide an input signal into a plurality of substantially similar output signals; a complex transmitter located at the central node to transmit the complex output signal to a user node as an optical signal; and a complex receiving The router, located at the central node, receives multiple user signals from the user node. 77. The system of claim 76, wherein the plurality of user signals include optical signals. … 78. The system according to item 76 of the patent application, wherein the complex output signal includes substantially the same information content as the input signal. 79. An apparatus comprising: an amplifier having an input port to receive an input signal and operable to divide the input signal into a plurality of output signals; a plurality of transmitters to transmit the plurality of output signals; and a plurality of receivers and each of the plurality of materials The device is combined to receive 80. Such as the device of the scope of patent application 79 ,. The signal includes a light signal. — 丨 output signal and user 81. If the device is under the scope of patent application No. 79, its multiple output signals include (please read the note ^ a ^ on the back before filling in this education), 1r. —I-—i HI. Patent application 9 £ ο% β9 ^ Α8 Β8 C8 D8 Information content substantially the same as the input signal β 82 · ~ A method of transmitting and receiving, the method includes: dividing an input signal into a plurality of output signals; transmitting a plurality of output signals to a user The plurality of nodes correspond to the receivers: and the plurality of user signals to be transmitted from the user node optical signals are received. 83. The method of claim 82, wherein transmitting a plurality of output signals includes transmitting an optical signal. 84. For the method of applying for the scope of the patent No. 82, when the leasing is carried out, the method includes providing each of the plurality of output signals with the same information content as the input signal. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) Order Printed by Zhengong Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs -13- Private paper waves are again applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)