TW460518B - Preparing process of cellular thermoplastic polymer foam and manufactured products thereof, and foam suitable for use therein - Google Patents

Abstract

Thermoplastic polymer foams having sound deadening properties satisfactory for demanding applications are provided which have mechanical strength, which are economical to manufacture, and which are hydrolytically stable. Methods of preparing these foams are also provided. The foams are useful in sound management, cushion packaging, filtering, and fluid absorption and exhibit one or more of the following properties: (1) average cell size greater than about 2 mm; (2) substantially open cell structure and (3) relatively large pores connecting the cells. In order that the foam be acoustically active, the foam should posses a substantially open cell structure and a relatively low airflow resistivity. Foams with substantially open cell structure and relatively low airflow resistivity are prepared by mechanically opening a foam having an average cell size greater than about 2 mm. In most cases, such mechanical opening creates relatively large pores connecting the cells.

Description

460518 A7 _____B7_ V. Description of the invention (1) The present invention generally relates to a foam, and more specifically, to a thermoplastic polymer foam that can be used for sound management. In the construction industry, a townboard is used as a partition wall. Dividing a building area into separate areas such as rooms or offices is known. They usually consist of an insulated mineral fiber core, two outer cladding layers surrounding the core, and an aged or hollow space. Insulating materials such as mineral fibers are disposed between the facing layers in a manner that provides thermal and / or sound insulation. However, a major disadvantage of such a separator having a fiber core or a board is that the fiber lacks mechanical strength and therefore requires a high-priced support structure or densification. In addition, the processing trouble of mineral fiber products' causes skin irritation and may present a danger to health. Foams have also been used as sound insulation materials. For example, WO95 / 11413 discloses that a multilayer insulation board or element 'includes (a) two outer facing layers' and (b) a soft synthetic core material in a preferred embodiment, which is a single, Continuous, soft, synthetic, closed cell foam core layer. The core material is arranged to make close contact with the two outer layers through the contact points of the staggered pattern, and to provide a gap between the core layer and the opposite outer layer. However, the closed cell foam used as the core layer in W095 / 14136 is not satisfactory for the sound insulation of required applications. Printed by the Biaofeng Consumer Cooperative of the Central Biaofeng Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the notes on the back before filling this page). Although not wishing to be bound by any special theory, the inventor of this case believes that one of the sound management (such as sound absorption and sound insulation) is used The effectiveness of the special polymer foam depends on the foam having the following properties: 1) the cell size is on average greater than about 2mm; 2) the structure of the cell is generally open; and 3) the cell pores are relatively large . In order to make the foam sound sensitive, the foam should have a substantially open cell structure and a relatively low airflow resistance. At the same time, I believe that this paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 4 4 6051 8 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2 One of the properties printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs or More than one cause the effectiveness of a foam for filtration and fluid absorption. Certain atmospheric cells and open cell foam systems are known. But 'they also have some disadvantages. For example, thermosetting resins such as melamine and Polyurethane can be used to prepare foams. Such foams are believed to be ideal for air management and have open cell structures. However, thermoset resins cannot be recycled, which is costly to manufacture and due to their hydrolysis. Unstable for use in wet or rainy environments. Thermoplastic polymer foams are generally manufactured inexpensively through a suitable extrusion process, are recyclable 'and exhibit hydrolytic stability, thus providing The advantages of Ling Yue thermosetting resin. However, an open-cell thermoplastic foam with an open cell structure is achieved by a suitable direct extrusion process There is a difficulty. The reason for this difficulty is that the open cells and the expansion of the foam oppose each other. That is, the cells that grow in the foam must be kept closed to grow, but the development of an air cell requires foaming. A hole was created in the cell wall shortly before the end. In addition, although some thermoplastic polymer foams are said to have utility in sound management, whether their sound management performance is satisfactory in a required application Doubtful. (See, for example, the Announcement on February 11, 1988, DE 3626349 under the name of Dynamit Nobel AG, Announcement on February 2, 11, 1988, DE 3626350 under the name of Dynamit Nobel AG, and the Announcement on May 5, 26, 1995. The following WO 95/14136). Therefore, the industry desires to provide foams with satisfactory sound insulation properties for applications where they are needed. These foams have mechanical strength and are economical to manufacture ----- ^- --- Ze-- (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) t -β Γ

I The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 5 46051 8 A7 __ ____B7 5. Description of the invention (bucket) and stable hydrolysis. This need can be met by the present invention. Therefore, the present invention provides a thermoplastic polymer foam having satisfactory sound insulation properties in demanding applications, which has mechanical strength, is economical to manufacture, and is hydrolytically stable. Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, ' a thermoplastic polymer foam having an average cell size greater than about 4mtn is provided. In another embodiment, a thermoplastic polymer foam having an average cell size greater than about 2 mm and more than 50% of which has been opened by mechanical equipment is provided. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a A thermoplastic polymer foam having an airflow resistance of less than about 800,000 Rays / m and a cell size greater than about 2 mm ', and more than 50% of the cells have been opened by mechanical equipment. In yet another embodiment, The invention provides a method for preparing a thermoplastic polymer foam structure having an average cell size greater than about 2 mm 'and more than 50% of which have been opened by mechanical equipment. The foam of the present invention is particularly useful for sound absorption, sound insulation, fluid absorption, filtration, cushioning packaging, and other applications requiring the following properties: sound attenuating or sound damping properties, mechanical strength, economical manufacturing, and hydrolytic stability. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates a method for preparing a foamed body of the present invention, in which closed cells in a foamed body are opened by perforations. Fig. 2 shows a method for preparing a foamed body of the present invention, in which a long closed cell in a foamed body is opened by perforation. This paper size applies to national standards (CNS > A4 specifications (210 «297 public love) ---- *-» — (Jing first read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Loading -------- Order --------- Online consumer cooperation between the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed agriculture d60518 Printed on the A7 B7 by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (4) Figure 3 shows the preparation of this A method of inventing a foam, wherein the elongated closed cell in a foam is opened by an oblique perforation. Fig. 4 illustrates a method for preparing the foam of the present invention, in which a foam The closed cell inside is opened by compression after perforation. Figure 5 shows the sound absorption curve of a foam of the present invention. Figure 6 shows the sound absorption curve of a foam of the present invention. Section 7 The figure shows the sound absorption curve of a foam of the present invention. Figure 8 shows the sound absorption curve of a foam of the present invention.

Fig. 9 shows a cross section of a foaming ship according to the present invention, which is designated as I. Fig. 10 shows a cross section of a foaming body according to the present invention, which is indicated as U. Fig. 11 shows a cross section of a foam according to the present invention, and the cross section is designated as W. The present invention provides a thermoplastic polymer foam having sound-insulating properties that meet the needs of the application. The foam has mechanical strength, can be economically manufactured, and is hydrolytically stable. The foam of the present invention exhibits a combination of properties which have hitherto been difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. Therefore, the foam of the present invention exhibits one or more of the following properties: 1) an average cell size larger than about 2 mm; 2) a cell structure that is generally open; and 3) a relatively large pore connecting cells. In order for the foam to effectively sense sound, the foam should have a substantially open cell structure and a relatively low airflow resistance. According to the present invention, the foaming system with a generally open cell structure and relatively low airflow resistance is mechanically opened with an average cell size of about 2 mm or more. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard Car (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 2? 7 mm) II--ί I----1 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 4 6051 8 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (5). In most cases, this mechanical opening results in relatively large pores connecting the cells. The thermoplastic resins suitable for use in the present invention include all that can be foamed by the extrusion process. Types of thermoplastic polymers and blends. Examples of thermoplastic polymers suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polystyrene and polyolefin resins, including polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, and ethylene-styrene Blends of interpolymers (ESI) and polyolefin resins, such as polyethylene and ESI or blends of polypropylene and ESI and polyethylene resins, copolymers of polyethylene resins, and polyethylene resins Blends of this type are preferred. Such resins are low density polyethylene resins, such as those having a melt index of about 0.4 dg / min and a density of 0.922 g / cm3. The body is a substantially random interpolymer comprising, in a polymerized form, i) one or more α-olefin monomers and ii) one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or one The above sterically hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinyl or vinylidene monomers, and optionally iii) other polymerizable ethylene unsaturated monomers (types). The term "interpolymer" is used herein to refer to a polymer in which at least two different monomers are polymerized into an interpolymer. In the polymerization i) one or more α-dilute hydrocarbon monomers and ii) _ or one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or more sterically hindered aliphatic or cyclic The term "substantially random" of the substantially random copolymer t produced by aliphatic vinyl or vinylidene monomers, and optionally iii) other polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers (classes) is The size of this paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X29? Mm) ----- 7 ^ ----- pack --- ^-. ™ order (please read the precautions on the back first) (Fill in this page) 160518 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. The description of the invention generally refers to the distribution of the monomers of the copolymerization can be described by the Bernoulli statistical model or the primary or secondary Markovian statistical model , As described by JC Randall in the Carbon-13 NMR method of POLYMER SEQUENCE DETERMINATION, Academic Press New York, 1977, p. 71-78. Preferably, it is formed by polymerizing one or more a-ene smoke monomers and one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers, and other polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers (classes) that can be selected. The substantially random interpolymer does not contain more than 15% of the total vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers in the vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer blocks of three or more units. More preferred 'interpolymers do not have a feature of a high degree of isotacticity or syndiotacticity. This means that in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of the substantially random interpolymer, the peak region corresponding to the methylene and methine carbons of the main bond representing the meso-divalent or meso-divalent sequence should not exceed 75% of the total peak area of the main chain methylene and methine carbon. The term "substantially random interpolymer" used thereafter refers to a substantially random interpolymer made of the above-mentioned monomers. Suitable olefin monomers that can be used to prepare substantially random interpolymers include, for example, olefin monomers such as Contains from 2 to about ·, preferably from 2 to 12, and more preferably an a-olefin of ⑴ carbon atoms. Particularly suitable are ethylene, diene, butene, anal methyl-1-pentane, hexane Dilute-1 or octene seven-butadiene. A combination of 4 methyl stilbene, dilute -1 or ㈣] ° The best is the combination of ethylene or ethylene and C3.8- "hydrocarbons. These a The _ class does not contain an aromatic moiety. Other desirable vinyl or ethylene aromatic monomers that can be used to make solid random interpolymers include, for example, the paper standard represented by the following formula: National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (——.-- MJ ~ II— —Installation— (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) --Order 9 4

A7 B7 style

Ar (strict) n R1 — c = c (15) where R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen Or benzyl; each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; Ar is a phenyl or A phenyl group substituted by 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of halide, ci-4_alkyl, and Cw haloalkyl; and η has a number from 0 to about 4 The value is preferably zero to two, and most preferably zero. Particularly suitable monomers of this type include benzyl and low-density bases or their functional derivatives. Preferred monomers include styrene, 0; -methylbenzylethylene, lower alkyl (Ci_C4) or benzene-substituted substituents of styrene, such as, for example, o-, m-, and p-methylbenzyl 't-Butylbenzyl, cyclic halogenated vinyls, such as ethylbenzene, p-ethynyltoluene, or base mixture D. A preferred aromatic butadiene monomer is styrene. The most preferred substantially random interpolymers are interpolymers of ethylene and styrene as well as interpolymers of ethylene, stupid ethylene and at least one α-grilled hydrocarbon containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Substantially random interpolymers typically contain from at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer or from about 0.5 to about 65, preferably from about 1 to about 55, and more preferably from about 2 to 50 mole percent Sterically hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinyl or vinylidene monomers, and from about 35 to about 99 5, preferably from this paper size. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) n I ί --- n. I-in-ml-m: (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 10-4 6051 8 Α7 Β7 Central of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Bureau of Standards Consumer Cooperatives 5. Description of the invention (?) About 45 to about 99 ', more preferably from about 50 to about 98 mole percent, at least one aliphatic alpha-dilute hydrocarbon having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms. These interpolymers can be prepared according to W098 / 10014, which is incorporated herein by reference. Desirably, a nucleating agent may be added to the foamable blend. The amount of nucleating agent used to prepare the foam of the present invention will vary depending on the required cell size, foaming temperature, and composition of the nucleating agent. For example, when a large foam size is required, a small or no nucleating agent should be used. Useful nucleating agents include calcium carbonate, barium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, clay, titanium dioxide, silicon, barium stearate, diatomaceous earth, a mixture of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, and the like. When used, the nucleation dose range is from 0.01 to about 5 parts (pph) per hundred parts by weight of the polymer resin blend. The foaming agents used to make the foam include all types of foaming agents known in the industry; physical and chemical foaming agents and mixtures thereof, including inorganic foaming agents, organic foaming agents, and chemical foaming agents. Suitable inorganic foaming thorns include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, water, air and helium. Organic blowing agents include aliphatic hydrogen decomposers having 1 to 6 atomic break-ups' aliphatic alcohols having 1.3 carbon atoms and fully or partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Gambling hydrocarbons include House A, House B, House C, House D, Isobutane, η-Pane, Isoane, Neopentane, and so on. Aliphatic alcohols include methanol, ethanol,? -Propanol, and isoamyl alcohol. Fully and partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons include gaseous hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, and gaseous fluorocarbons. Gas-containing hydrocarbons used in the present invention include gas-substituted methane, digas-methane, gas-ethane, 1,1,1-three-gas, and the like. The paper size used in the present invention is CNS A4 (210X 297mm) u.--II-· SI--i I m--i X. (Please read the back Note: Please fill in this page again) 11-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6 0 51 8 a? B7 V. Description of the invention (7) Fluorocarbons include fluoromethane, difluoromethane, fluoroethyl Alkane, 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HGC-143a), 1,1 '1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1'1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), pentafluoroethane, perfluoroethane, 2,2-difluoropropane, 1 '1', trifluoropropane, 1,1 '1'3'3-pentafluoropropane, and the like. The partially hydrogenated gas-containing fluorocarbons used in the present invention include gas difluoro (methane) methane (HCFC-22), 1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-gas-1 -1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), 1,1-digas-2,2 '2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 1-gas-1, 2, 2, 2, 2- Tetrafluoromethane A (HCFC-124) 'and the like. Fully halogenated fluorocarbons can also be used but are not preferred for environmental reasons. The chemical foaming agents used in the present invention include azodiamine, azobisisobutyronitrile, sulfenylhydrazine, 4, 4-benzylsulfonium-carbazide, P-methylbenzylsulfonamide, N , N = -dimethyl-N, N = -dinitroso-p-dibenzidine, and a mixture of trihydrazine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and the like. Mixtures of all these blowing agents are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. Physical foaming agents are the preferred blowing agents for extrusion processes and batch processes for making moldable beads. Volatile organic foaming agents are preferred. Low hydrocarbons (such as propane and butane) are the best. . The preferred blowing agents for the crosslinked foaming system are decomposable blowing agents and nitrogen. The amount of foam to be added to the polymer melt material to form a foam-forming gel varies depending on what is needed to achieve a certain density. The foam of the present invention may optionally further include an infrared absorber (transmission blocker) such as carbon black, graphite, titanium dioxide, and the like, so as to improve the heat insulation ability. When used, the infrared absorber can occupy about 丨 0 paper ruler _ home county (⑽) A4 specifications (210 ~ ^^ ----. I.--I-------II J1 ——- I (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -12-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 ______ Β7 V. Description of the invention (π) and about 25% by weight and preferably Between about 2.0 and about 10.0 weight percent is based on the weight of the polymer blend in the foam. Carbon black can be any conventional type such as furnace black, acetylene black, and channel black. It is good that the foam of the present invention exhibits dimensional stability. When a thick (for example > 4mm) sheet or slat product (thicker than about 12mm) of a substantially closed cell structure is manufactured from the foregoing foam, a stability control agent May be particularly needed. Conversely, an additional stability control agent may not be needed or required when forming a substantially open cell foam. Dimensional stability is measured by measuring the volume of foam that develops during aging. Foam starting volume percentage, measured within 30 seconds after foaming Use this definition 'one that recovers 80% of the foaming system within a month is tolerable, but recovering 85% or more is better, and one that recovers 90% or more of the foam is especially Volume is determined by a suitable method such as volume displacement of water. 8 Preferred stability control agents include amidoamines and C | G.24 fatty acid esters. Such control agents are taught and provided herein. Refer to US Patent Nos. 36M230 and 4214054. The best control agents include eighteen nights stearylamine 'glycerol-stearate' glycerol, and sorbitol-stearic acid. Typically 'this kind of stability Sex control agents are used in an amount ranging from about 0 to about 10 parts per hundred parts of polymer. Various additives can also be added to the foam, such as inorganic fillers 'pigment', antioxidant, and acid scavenger. , UV absorber, flame retardant, operation aid, masking aid, etc. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ----- 7 ^ ------ ^ .-- (Please read the notes on the back before filling and writing this page)-* 13 4605 1 8 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (//) The polymer foam of the present invention can be used by techniques and procedures familiar to those skilled in the art, including the use of decomposable foam The extrusion process and batch process of the agent and cross-linking agent are preferably prepared by the extrusion process. In an extrusion process, the cell size is affected by several parameters, including the type and content of the foaming agent, and the polymer Type, mold mouth geometry, mold shear rate, content of nucleating agent, use of cell enlarger, and foaming temperature. In order to make cell size large, cell nucleating agent is usually not added. A cell enlargement agent may be added instead. Among the remaining parameters, the type and content of the foaming agent has the greatest effect on cell size. Foaming agents which generally have a relatively high solubility and a small molecular size can provide a large cell size at a relatively low content. Examples of such blowing agents include propane, η-butane, isobutane, η-pentane, methyl chloride, digasmethane, gaseous ethane, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, water, and those containing these One or more foaming agents are mixed foaming agents. The branched olefin polymer resin prepared by the high-pressure radical method easily provides a large cell when foamed by these blowing agents. Cell size increasing additives are generally compounds used in plasticized polymer resins. Examples of cell size increasing agents include wax-like materials with a relatively low refining point as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,229,396 incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent No. 5,489,407 as incorporated herein by reference Non-wax low molecular weight compounds disclosed in No. The polymer foam of the present invention may be crosslinked or non-crosslinked. Methods of making polymer foam structures and processing these foams are taught and incorporated herein by reference 'Hanser Publishers, Munich, Vienna, New York, Barcelona (1991), published by D.KIempner and KCFrisch Paper size applies to China National Standard #CNS (A4) (2) 0X297 mm (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) J ----- ^ --------, π-- ---- ^ --- 1 __________.__ „__

— ^ Ϋ II 14 A7 460518 V. Description of the Invention (β) ~ Edited in CPPark, Polyolefin Foam, Chapter 9, Handbook of Polymer Foams and Technology. The non-crosslinked foam of the present invention can be extruded by a conventional method. Manufacture of foam shoes. The foam structure is generally formed by heating a thermoplastic polymer resin (ie, a polymer material) to form a plasticized or solution material. The foaming agent is added to form a foamable gel, and the gel The glue is extruded through a die to form a foam product. Prior to mixing with the blowing agent, the polymer material is heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature or melting point. The blowing agent can be added or mixed into the melt polymer material by any conventional means such as by an extruder, mixer, blender, etc. The blowing agent is raised with the solution polymer And it is enough to avoid the melting of the polymer material under the pressure of substantial foaming and spread the foaming agent evenly. "It is advisable that a nucleating agent can be blended in the polymer melt. Dry blend with polymer material before melting. The foamable gel is typically cooled to a lower temperature to optimize the physical properties of the foam structure. The gel is then squeezed or transported through a mold of a desired shape to a reduced pressure or a lower pressure area to form a foam structure. The lower pressure region is below a pressure maintained by the foamable knee prior to extrusion through the die. The lower pressure may be superatmospheric or subatmospheric (vacuum), but is preferably Atmospheric pressure level. The non-crosslinked foaming system of the present invention is formed in a bonded multi-strand pattern by extruding a thermoplastic polymer resin (i.e., a polymer material) through a multi-port die. The mouth shapes are configured such that contact between adjacent streams of molten extrudate occurs during the foaming process and the contact surfaces adhere to each other with sufficient cohesive force to create a unitary foam structure. Melt extrusion after leaving the mold The paper size is toward the family office (CNS) Α4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} 丨 Packing. Staff of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Cooperative Du Yince 15 4 6〇518 A7 B7 Du Yinhua, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperative Production Du 5. Production Description (G) Logistics is in the form of multiple strands or profiles, hoping to be a foam, combination, and Adhering to each other to form a unit structure, according to the desire, the individual strands or profiles to be combined should be maintained to adhere to a unit structure to avoid delamination of the strands during the preparation, forming, and utilization of the foam. Manufacturing combined strand types Apparatus and method for foam construction are taught in US Patent Nos. 3571152 and 4324720, which are incorporated herein by reference. The foam construction can also be formed into a non-crosslinked foam suitable for molding into articles Beads. Foam beads can be prepared by an extrusion process or a batch process. In the extrusion process, a thin strip of foam is produced from a porous strip attached to a conventional foam extrusion device. Foaming In a batch process, individual resin pellets, such as granulated resin pellets, are suspended in a liquid medium that is substantially insoluble, such as water; by blowing a foaming agent in an autoclave or other pressure vessel Introduced into the liquid medium at elevated pressure and temperature and impregnated by the foaming agent; and quickly discharged to atmospheric pressure or a reduced pressure area to foam to form foam beads. This procedure is taught in the text incorporated herein by Reference is made to US Patent Nos. 4379859 and 4444484. The crosslinked foaming system of the present invention is prepared by a crosslinked foaming procedure using a decomposable foaming agent or by a conventional extrusion procedure. When using this A procedure for a cross-linked foam of a decomposable foaming agent 'The cross-linked foam of the present invention may be formed by blending a thermoplastic polymer resin (ie, a' polymer material ') with a decomposable chemical foaming agent to form a The foamable plasticized or melt polymer material is extruded through a mold 1 to cause cross-linking in the melt polymer material, and the melt polymer material is exposed to an elevated temperature to Formed by releasing foaming agent Foam structure. The size of this paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297mm) ~ I order (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 16 460518 A7 -----_ B7 5 2. Description of the invention (/ 4) The material and the chemical foaming agent can be mixed and blended by any conventional device such as an extruder, mixer, blender, etc. Chemical foaming agent It is best to dry blend with the polymer material before the polymer material is heated into a melt form, but it can also be added when the polymer material is in the melt phase. Crosslinking can be caused by adding a crosslinker or by radiation. Coupling and exposure to an elevated temperature to cause foaming or swelling can occur simultaneously or sequentially. If a cross-linking agent is used, it is added in the same manner as chemical foaming agents. In addition, if a cross-linking agent When used, the foamable melt polymer material is heated or exposed to a temperature preferably below 150 ° C to avoid decomposition of the crosslinking agent or blowing agent and avoid premature crosslinking. If radiation coupling is used, the foamable melt polymer material is heated to a temperature preferably below 160 ° C to avoid decomposition of the foaming agent. The foamable melt polymer is extruded or transported through a Shape mold to form a foam structure. The foamable structure is then subjected to an elevated or high temperature (typically 150 ° C -250. (:) such as foaming in an oven to form a foam structure. When the radiation crosslinker is used, it can develop The foam structure is irradiated to cross-link the polymer material, which is foamed at the elevated temperature described above. The structure can be advantageously made in the form of a sheet or a thin strip according to the procedure described above using either a cross-linking agent or radiation. Economy Printed by the Ministry of Standards and Technology Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperatives-i — I, 4i --- I --- 1 __! _ Order (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Except for the application of a decomposable foam The use of a cross-linking agent in the procedure of the cross-linked foam of the agent or the addition of radiation can also be achieved by silane cross-linking as described in cppark, Chapter 9. The cross-linked foam of the present invention can also be A continuous slat structure was made using a long ridge mold as described in GB 2145961A. This patent is incorporated herein by reference. In this procedure, the polymer, decomposable foaming agent is on a paper scale. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) 17 A7 460518 _____B7 5 Description of the invention (if) ~ and the cross-linking agent are mixed in an extruder; the mixture is heated to cross-link the polymer and the blowing agent is decomposed in a spine mold; and the foam structure is formed and exits The mold is processed, and the contact between the foam structure and the mold is lubricated by an appropriate lubricating material. The cross-linked foam of the present invention can also be formed into parent-linked foam beads suitable for molding objects. Body beads, separated wax particles such as granulated resin pellets are suspended in a liquid medium such as water which is substantially insoluble; a cross-linking agent and a foaming agent under an elevated pressure and temperature in a Soak in an autoclave or other pressure vessel; and quickly vent to atmospheric pressure or a reduced pressure area to expand the foam beads. In another version of this procedure, 'polymer beads are saturated with foaming agent' It is cooled, discharged from the container and then heated by heating or foaming with steam. In a variant of the above procedure, the 'monomer' can be impregnated with the crosslinking agent into the suspended pellet to open> Grafted with a polymer material The foaming agent can be impregnated into the resin pellets when suspended or in a non-aqueous state. The expandable beads are then expanded by heating with steam and by a conventional expandable polystyrene Foam bead molding method. The foam beads can then be formed by any conventional means, such as filling the foam beads into a mold, pressing the shrink mold to compact the beads, and heating the beads. Pellets, such as heating with steam to cause the beads to agglomerate and fuse to form an object. Optionally, the beads can be preheated with air or other blowing agents before charging to the mold. The above procedures and molding methods are excellent Instructions can be found in C p park pp_227-233 'US Patent Nos. 3886100, 3959189, 4168353 and 4429059, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. D Foam Beads can also be used & Zhang Jiao itit Caicajiapi (CNS) Tiege (210X297mm) ---- -18 * (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) — Equipment. Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 460518 Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (/ (Public) ~ Prepared by in-appropriate mixing equipment or extruder-polymerization 'Crosslinking agent im ^ it m ϊχ— ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 .1 ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1-(谙 Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ), And a mixture that can decompose the mixture, and the mixture is formed into pellets, and the pellets are heated to crosslink and foam. Another method for making crosslinked foam beads suitable for molding into objects is to melt the polymer material and mix it with a physical foaming agent in a conventional foam extrusion device to form a substantially continuous hair. Thin vesicles. The thin strips of foam are granulated or pelletized to form hair beads. This foam bead can then be coalesced and shaped to form the various objects described above for another foam bead process. Other teachings of this procedure can be found in U.S. Patent No. 3616365 and C_P. Park. Park /? ~, Pp, 224-228, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the silane cross-linking technology can be applied in the extrusion process, and the teaching of this process can be found in C.P. Park. SwprflXapter 9 and U.S. Patent No. 4,714,716, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. When the Shibata crosslinking process is used together with a conventional extrusion process, a polymer is grafted with an vinyl functional silane or an azide functional silane and extruded to form a foam. The extruded foam is then exposed to warm, humid air to allow cross-linking to occur gradually. The cross-linked foaming system of the present invention is printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs by mixing polymer materials, a cross-linking agent, and a foaming agent in the form of a foam rubber block to form a thick Block, heating the mixture in a mold enables the cross-linking agent to cross-link the polymer material and the foaming agent to decompose, and expands the foam by releasing pressure in the mold. Alternatively, the raw material of the foam capsule formed when the pressure is released may be reheated to cause further expansion. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 19 Consumption Cooperation by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China 6 Ο 5 1 8 Α7 — _____ Β7__ 5. Description of the invention (/,) Cross-linking polymerization The object sheet is made by irradiating a polymer sheet with a high energy ray or by heating a polymer sheet containing a chemical cross-linking agent. The crosslinked polymer sheet is cut into the desired shape and penetrated with nitrogen under high pressure and at a temperature above the softening point of the polymer. Releasing the pressure causes nucleation of the bubbles and some expansion of the sheet. This sheet is reheated in a low-pressure container at a pressure above the softening point, and the pressure is released to expand the foam. The foam prepared by the above method exhibits a density from about 10 kg / m3 to about 300 kg / m3, has a density of about 15 kg / m3 to about 100 kg / m3, and has a density of about 15 kg / m3 to about 60. A kg / m3 density foam is particularly desirable. In addition, the foam prepared by the above method exhibits an average cell size of about 2mm to 15mm, and a desirable cell size is 2mm to 10mm, more preferably about 3mm to about 10mm, and from about 4mm to about 8mm. It is particularly desirable. In addition, the foam produced by the above method may be an open cell or a closed cell. The foam prepared according to the above method can be used without additional processing steps in sound management. For example, a foam prepared by the above method having an average cell size greater than about 4 mm can exhibit a sufficiently low airflow resistance suitable for use as a sound absorbing material regardless of the properties of other foams, and No additional processing steps are required. Typically, for end users of sound management, less than about 800,000 Rays / m (that is, 800,000 Pa s / m2) is required, depending on the final use of the foam, and less than 400000 Rayls / m (Ie, 400,000 pa s / m2), lower than looooo Ray] s / m (ie, 100,000 pa s / m2), and less than 50,000 Rayls / m (this paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (2i〇 X297 mm> n 1------11. I--------> ^ D (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 20 4 60518 A7 B7 V. Invention Explanation (M), ie 50000 Pa s / m2) is more ideal one by one. However, if the basic foam prepared by the above method does not exhibit sufficient sound management properties, 'addition or reinforcement properties such as I) substantially open the cell structure or 2 ) The relatively large connected cell pores' can be granted to the base foam by opening the closed cells in the base foam with mechanical means. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, I ----^ 1 2 ^^ 1 ^^ 1 _--m »(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) As mentioned earlier, in order to make The foam is effective. The foam should have a structure that substantially opens the cell and a relatively low resistance to air flow. According to the present invention, a foaming system having a substantially open cell structure and a relatively low airflow resistance is prepared by mechanically opening a foam having an average cell size greater than about 2 mm. In most cases, this mechanical opening results in quite large connected cell pores. For example, a closed cell in a foam can be opened by opening a closed cell with a device in a porous thermoplastic polymer foam to open at least some portions or at least one of the base thermoplastic polymer foams. This application of the surface is sufficient to cause some parts of the closed cells in the base polymer foam to be opened. The part of the closed cell that is opened by the mechanical device naturally depends on the scope of application of the device that opens the closed cell. For example, if a small percentage of closed cells are open, the device will be applied to only a portion of the base foam and / or only partially stretch through the thickness of the base foam. However, if a larger percentage of the closed cells are opened, the application of the opening device will be applied to more of the surface of the base foam and / or extend deeper into the thickness of the base foam. The application direction of the device with open and closed cells is not important and can be implemented vertically or in the same direction as the extrusion direction, and can be implemented at any angle relative to the surface of the base foam ° This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 21 Η π 5 1 8 at __Β7 V. Description of the invention) The means for opening and closing the cell can be any means sufficient to open the closed cell, but the typical method includes perforation, cutting, compression, or combination. Typically, perforation involves piercing the base foam with one or more pointed, sharp objects. Appropriate pointed, sharp objects include needles, punctures, pins, nails, etc. In addition, perforations include shots, laser cutting, high-pressure fluid cutting, gas grabbing, or projectiles. Fig. 1 depicts a cross section of one of the basic foams of the present invention, which is composed of a plurality of closed cells 2. The foams are perforated with a number of pointed, sharp objects 3. In addition, the base foam can be prepared to have elongated cells by stretching the thin strips of foam during expansion. This stretching produces elongated cells without changing, or often increasing cell size in the horizontal direction. Therefore, stretching results in an increased horizontal cell size (Eh average) in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and facilitates perforation. Fig. 2 depicts a cross section of a basic foam 1 composed of a plurality of closed cells according to the present invention. The closed cells have been stretched in the pressing direction 4 perforated by a plurality of central heads and sharp objects 3. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of a basic foam according to the present invention composed of a plurality of closed cells. The closed cells have been elongated in the extrusion direction 4 which is perforated by a number of pointed and sharp objects 3 at an oblique angle. Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives.-~ 1 IJ— I-I. II: I (please read the note ^ K on the back before filling this page) The perforation of the basic foam can be any style Perforations, including square and dihedral patterns. In addition, it is desirable that the distance between the perforations is the same as the size of the cells in the vesicles, which penetrates most of the cells. Therefore, when it is desired that most of the cells are perforated, 'the best perforation is caused by one not more than twice the flat diameter of the cells in the basal foam', preferably not more than 15 times, and more preferably equal to the basal foam. The average cell diameter in vivo, and the best one is smaller than the base paper size. Applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297). V. Description of the Invention (^) The perforation of the average diameter of the cells in the vesicle is separated from each other by a perforation. Although the choice of a sharp, pointed, object that penetrates the basic foam body depends on many factors, including the average cell size, the desired perforation spacing, etc., can be used to make certain foams of the invention Pointed, sharp objects typically have a diameter of about 1 mm to about 4 mm. Cutting can be performed by any device sufficient to cut through at least a portion of the foam ' and includes a knife, saw, and the like. By cutting, the cells of the basic foam body must be opened only on the cutting surface, leaving the cells inside the foam body unchanged. Therefore, cutting does not reduce the airflow resistance throughout the thickness of the foam. But 'opening the surface cell by cutting is sufficient for some sound management applications, especially if the cell size is large enough and / or leaves uncut foam sufficiently thin. Although not subject to any particular theoretical constraints, the inventors believe that in order to effectively absorb sound, it is not necessary for the entire foam thickness to have low airflow resistance. This is because sound is a pressure wave of air, which is conducted by air molecules moving in a vibratory manner (that is, air molecules moving back and forth at a fixed average position * molecules that collide with adjacent layers of air). The air itself does not move a large distance to the thickness of the foam. Therefore, there is no real spatial flow during the transmission of sound through a foam matrix. However, sound is dissipated by the heat formed when air moves forward and backward, causing friction in one of the cell walls. Since the molecule hits a molecule perpendicular to its direction of motion with a large molecule, a sound wave of a pressure wave passes through a soft film blocking its channel, causing the film to vibrate and in turn causing air vibration on the other side. Therefore, a few layers of the flexible film, such as the foam in which the surface cells of the present invention have been cut, do not change the inner core without excessively damaging the sound absorbing ability of the foam. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) ^^ 1 m. I HI m ^^ 1 ......... I— HI «II 1 ^ 1 (please first Read the notes on the back and fill out this page} 23 A7 60510 ____B7 V. Description of the invention (2 /) Compression as a means of opening the cell can be achieved by any means sufficient to apply external force to one or more surfaces of the foam It will cause the cells in the basic foam to rupture and open. Due to the high pressure difference across the cell wall, the compression during or after perforation will crack the cells adjacent to the channel caused by the perforation. It is especially effective on the wall of the chamber. In addition, unlike pinhole drilling, pressure can cause the cell wall to crack in all directions, causing the tortuous path required for sound absorption. The mechanical opening of the closed cell of the basic foam Reduced airflow resistance of the base foam by large pores in the cell walls and pillars. Regardless of the specific device being implemented, the opening of this closed cell in the base thermoplastic polymer foam can increase Sound absorption, sound insulation, fluid absorption 'And the filtering properties of the foam. Of course, the percentage of cells that are mechanically opened will depend on many factors, including cell size, cell shape, means of opening (ie, perforation, cutting' compression), and application of the opening method to The scope of application of the basic foam, etc. In order to reduce the airflow resistance to the greatest extent, it is better that more than 50% of the closed cells in the basic foam are opened by the above-mentioned mechanical device, more preferably more than 70% ' And the best is greater than 90%. In order to maximize the percentage of mechanically open cells, it is best to use a combination of compression and perforation to open the cells. Figure 4 depicts the invention by many squeezes that have been compressed for the first time. The transverse load-bearing surface of the basic foam body 1 composed of elongated cells in the pressure direction 4 and then when the foam body is compressed, it is perforated with many sharp points and sharp bodies 3. In addition to the previously discussed In addition to adding a flame retardant to the selection of the polymeric material, the foam of the present invention can also be extruded, and it is best to apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm>) at this paper size- -I -—- I- :--— ^^ 1 ^^ 1---I: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the China Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives 24 46〇518 Α7 Β7 Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives 5. Description of the Invention (z) It has undergone any other processing steps 'such as elongation by stretching and the mechanical opening of the closed cell is impregnated with a flame retardant. When used in sound insulation' The foamed body of the present invention can be used as a core layer in a multilayer sound insulation board, which consists of a cover layer, a foam core layer attached thereto, and a core layer through a long strip , Patches, spots, or other geometrical protrusions (hereinafter generally referred to as contact points) constructed with separate contact points fixed with a 'gap between the core layer and the structure' and at long intervals and / or In the case of thin cladding layers, _ 丨 age I to keep the core layer a certain distance from the structure. The structure in which the core layer is fixed with separate contacts may be a wall or a ceiling or any other suitable structural element. Alternatively, the structure may be a second covering layer. The resulting sandwich panel can be used as a partition element or partition wall. This board can be used in the construction and other industries to improve the sound insulation properties of buildings and / or machinery. Examples of such boards are described in WO 95/14136, published on 1995, 5, 26, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference reference. When used as a core layer in a multilayer board, the foam of the present invention can be formed into a profile of any type. For example, the foam of the present invention can be formed into a linear cross-section. Fig. 9 depicts a longitudinal section of the present invention made of a foamed body consisting of a foamed core 5 of the linear type, designated I. However, the foam of the present invention can also be made into a longitudinal section showing a low dynamic rigidity. For example, 'the foam of the present invention can be made into a longitudinal section composed of a foam core 5' narrow strips of the same or another foam 6 have been attached to the same end of the foam core 5 Or both ends. The vertical section in Figure 〖〇 is labeled U. In addition, the foam of the present invention can be made of a foam (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) * 〆4 · 25 4 6051 8 A7 B7 V. Description of the core 5 In longitudinal section, narrow strips of the same or another foam 6 have been attached to the opposite sides of the foam core 5 at intervals and narrow strips of the same or another foam 6 have been attached to the foam. Both sides of the core 5 are opposed to each other at both ends of the foam core 5. The 11th icon is shown as w. When the foamed body of the present invention is made into such a longitudinal facet and placed between the panels, these designs convert the compressive strain on the panel into a pair of foamed straining bending strains. There is a sufficient distance between the false support bars ' This configuration provides the very low dynamic stiffness required. In the example of the longitudinal section W, the distance between the midpoints of the narrow strips 6 on the same side of the foam core 5 is at least 250 mm 'and preferably between about 300 mrn and about 600 mm. In the example of the longitudinal section U, the distance between the midpoints of the narrow strips is at least 350 mm 'and preferably between about 450 mm and 600 mm. The following examples of the foam of the present invention are not to be construed as limiting. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages' parts and ratios are by weight. Example 1 shows a method for preparing the foam. The foamed cymbals listed in Table 1 were prepared using an industrial foam extruder. This unit is a screw extruder with two additional mixing and cooling zones at the end of the usual continuous feeding, melting and metering zone. The extruder barrel is provided with an opening through which the blowing agent is injected between the metering and mixing area. At one end of the cooling zone, a die opening with a large square opening is attached. A low-density polyethylene glycol with a refinement index of about 0.4 dg / min (according to ASTM D-1238, 190 ° C / 2.16 kg) and a density of 0-922 g / cm3 and a small amount of glycerol monostearate to A uniform rate is fed together. This paper size applies the Chinese national standard (CMS > A4 size (210X297 mm) I — 1.. L, f — 1 n ^^ 1 n ^ i ._ (Please read the back first (Note the item in $, then fill in this page) ---- Order. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 26 4 60518 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Inside the machine. Nucleating agent is not added to maintain the size of the large cell. In the extruder, the temperature is maintained at 160 ° c in the feeding area, 200 ° C in the melting area, and 210 ° C in the measurement area. The temperature in the mixing zone is maintained at 190 ° C. Isobutane is injected into the mixing zone at a uniform rate of 11.8 parts (pph) per 100 parts of polymer. The temperature of the cooling zone and the module gradually decreases to Produces a good foam. A cooling zone temperature of 110 ° C and a mold temperature of 108 ° C. A substantially closed cell foam having a density of about 23 kg / m3 and a large cell size is obtained. This foam having a thickness of about 105 mm and a width of about 600 mm is stored (PEF1) and then stretched. In order to reduce its thickness to about 80mm, and the stretched foam is also preserved (PEF2) «by stretching the cell to increase the direction at right angles to the vertical direction. As shown in Table 1, This stretching not only elongates the cells in the extrusion direction, but also increases the average cell size. The large cell size in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction (EH average) helps to punch the table Body density (kg / m3) Cell size seed pressure (mm) 2 Cell size vertical (mm) 2 Cell size squeezed water average (mm) 4 Cell size, three-dimensional average (mm) 5 PEF1 23 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.9 PEF2 23 5.8 6.3 6.5 6-4 6.2 PEF3 32 4.9 4,0 4.3 4.2 4-4 PEF4 23 2.9 2.1 2.3 2-2 2.4 PEF5 * 40 19 1.1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7-not one of the foams of the present invention Example 1 Cell size in the vertical direction measured in accordance with ASTM D-3756 2 Cell size in the extrusion direction measured in accordance with ASTM D-3756 3 Measured in accordance with AS TM D-3 7 5 6 Cell size in horizontal direction 4 Average cell size in extrusion and horizontal direction 5 Average cell size in all three dimensions This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) ---- n.'iin * n-(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

1T line-27 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 60518 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention) The other polyethylene foams (PEF) listed in Table 1 are substantially the same as those described in PEF1 and PEF2. The same procedure was prepared. The isobutane content of each foaming system can be varied to achieve the required density, and a small amount of nucleating agent is added for cell size control. All foams have a physically closed cell structure. Test 1 Punching test The foam was cut into a plate having a thickness of about 55 mm, and holes were punched out of the foam plate in a square pattern with a predetermined pitch. When punching holes with a pitch of 10, 5, and 4 mm, use a 2 mm diameter needle. The 3 mm pitch holes were punched out with a punching plate having a number of 1.5 mm pins fixed to the desired pattern. The degree of punching can be conveniently expressed in terms of hole density (ie, the number of holes per square centimeter). Punching with square patterns of 10, 5, 4, and 3 mm resulted in a hole density of 1, 4, 6.25, and 11.1 holes / cm2, respectively. From each foam sample, a 29 mm diameter cylindrical sample having a thickness of 55 mra was drilled and the open cell content of the sample was determined in accordance with ASTM D-2856. The open cell data are shown in Table 2 for each foam sample and punch pattern. 11 -.-- Ή ----- f --------, u ------ l (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Table 2 Foam Shape Cells Number, surface opening 2 10mm pitch 3 5mm pitch 4 4mm pitch 5 3mm pitch 6 PRF1 63 55 84 90 94 95 PRF2 77 59 81 94 95 95 PRF3 ND 41 53 82 87 95 PRF4 ND 23 61 71 78 92 PRF5 * ND 18 * 30+ 47 * 56 * 72 * 'Not an example of the present invention Foam 1 The percentage of the open cell content of the foam during extrusion 3 ND = not determined 2 The volume of the cell surface on the cutting surface as a percentage of the volume of the foam (According to ASTM D-2856) 3Percentage of open cell content of foams pierced with a pitch of 1 Omm. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). System d 605 1 8 μ __B7 V. Description of the invention (in) 4 Percentage of open cell content of foam at 5mm pitch 5 Percentage of open cell content of foam at 4mm pitch 6 Foam perforated at 3 mm pitch百分比 The percentage of open cell content clearly shows that the larger the cell, the easier it is to open the cell by punching. In order to punch most cells, the hole spacing must be equal to or smaller than the cell size. Since the higher the punching density, the higher the cost, a foam having a larger cell size is preferred. Punching a hole per square centimeter is a commercial practice in certain foams having a cell size of < 2111111. It may not be impossible to punch more than four holes per square centimeter, but it is difficult to implement. In addition, an unpunched macroporous foam (such as PEF1 and PEF2) has been formed with a high content of open cells. Most of the high open cell content comes from the cut surface cells of the sample. For example, the surface cut cell of PEF2 corresponds to about 59% of the total open cell content of 77% of the foam. Test 2 Compression test The foam PEF 1 obtained from Example 1 was first punched into a 5mm X 5mm pattern with a 2mm diameter needle. The punched foam has an open cell content of about 93.5% (determined according to ASTM D-2856 procedure C). A foam sample with a lateral load surface of 11 cm X cm and a thickness of 7 cm was cut from the foam slat and compressed in a thickness direction by a press to a thickness of 5 mm. During compression, a popping sound indicates that a cell rupture was heard. The open cell content of the foam was increased to 96.7%, which was close to the maximum possible open cell content of the foam (ie, ~ 97%) «Obviously, most of the remaining closed cells were burst open by compression. (Please read the precautions on the reverse side before filling out this page) 4 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -29 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Consumer Cooperatives 46051 8 V. Description of the invention (27) Test 3 Airflow test_ This test shows that larger airflow channels are more easily caused by punching holes in a larger cell foam than on a smaller cell foam. The device used in this test was-similar to the airflow tester described in ASTM D-3574 and ISO 9053 (Method A). It is a pneumatic cylinder piston driven by a 10 cm inner diameter and driven by an Inslet tester, a sample holder composed of a 7 cm inner diameter plastic tube and a cover, a water pressure gauge and a classification connection Composed of tubes. Air is pumped at a fixed rate through a sample mounted on the seat and the pressure drop across the sample is measured with a manometer. Practically, three foams of different cell sizes were selected in this test order: two polyethylene foams prepared in Example 1, PEF4 and PEF5, and a polypropylene roasted foam. The polypropylene foam was a coalesced thin strip foam prepared on a foam extrusion line having the same structure as in Example 1 using a mold having a plurality of holes. Polypropylene foam (PPF) has a cell size (3D average) of about 0.4mm, a density close to 17 kg / m3, and an open cell content of 84% (ASTM D-2856 Procedure A) ° The foam was cut into 35rnm thick plates parallel to the extrusion direction. A circular specimen with a diameter of 6.4 mm is cut out of the plate and loaded on the sample holder. An interstitial material is used to block the edges of the tube surface. First, the pressure drop across the sample is measured at a slow air rate (at a piston speed of approximately 丨 _ Umm / min) to ensure that the edges are properly sealed and the resistance to fluorine flow of the primary bubble is measured. Next, a hole of a predetermined diameter is punched in the foam sample, and a pressure drop at an appropriate flow rate is measured. This process continues until there is a paper ruler and Tongzhou 〒 罔 Ginseng Standard (〇 Chan) person 4 specifications (2 丨 〇 乂 297 mm) ·. I--I ^^ 1 «^ 1 I n ^^ 1 Ϊ — I In41 .. i ,, -—— 1 ^ 1 i In (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 30 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (¾) Nine holes are punched out on the sample. The airflow of each hole is calculated from the descending slope (pressure drop / sample thickness) between the airflow per unit pressure gradient and the number of holes. The airflow data of foam samples punched with needles of 2, 3 and 4 mm are shown in Table 3 in units of m4 / Gpa s (per ten megapascal meters per second meter). For a specific needle size, the larger cell foam vessel. In addition, all foams have larger air holes than smaller needles. The effect of pin size on airflow is greater for a foam with a larger cell size. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). -It is printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Consumer Cooperative Print Test. 4 Comparison of airflow resistance and sound absorption between foams with different cell sizes is used in this example. The device is a type 4206 acoustic impedance tube and a type 3555 signal analyzer, both of which are supplied by Brueel and Kjaer A / S, Naerum, Denmark. This device was used to determine the standard sound absorption coefficient of a foam according to the method described in ASTM E-1050. In practice, a sample with a diameter of 29 mm and a thickness of 35 mm was drilled from the sample used in Test 3. Use a needle of a selected diameter to punch seven holes in the thickness direction of the sample. The holes are approximately equally spaced in a triangular pattern, one of which is punched in the center and the remaining punched out in a hexagonal corner of 9mm on one side. The density of the holes is calculated as about 1.06 hole line. Table 3 Foam type airflow 2mm needle (m4 / Gpa s) 1 3 mm needle (m4 / Gpa s) 2 4 mm needle (m4 / Gpa s) 3 PEF4 0.23 1.0 2.7 PEF5 0.17 0.72 1.2 * PEF 0.17 0.46 0.49 'Not one of the examples of the present invention 1 through an air stream that penetrates the hole of the foam Zhao with a 2mm pin 2 through a hole that penetrates the foam with a 3mm needle Air flow 3 through a 4mm pin through the hole of the foam body The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210XM7 mm) 31 460518 V. Description of the invention (z?) / Cm2 Needles with diameters of 2, 3 and 4mm were used. Primary foams without holes were also tested for comparison. The specific airflow resistance of punched foam samples was calculated from the airflow per hole shown in Table 3. Primary The specific airflow resistance of the foam is directly measured. The specific airflow resistance and sound absorption coefficient are summarized in Table 4. Table 4 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Employee Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Print 'Not one of the invention Example 1 Dimensions of a needle for perforation 2 Specific gas of a 35 mm thick sample measured at 1000 Rayls Flow resistance 3 Sound absorption coefficient measured at a frequency of 500 Hz according to ASTM E-1050 4 Sound absorption coefficient measured at a frequency of 1000 Hz according to ASTM E-1050 5 Sound absorption measured at a frequency of 2000 Hz according to ASTM E-050 Coefficient 6 is the maximum sound absorption coefficient at a frequency below 1600Hz; NE = There is no frequency 7 where the maximum absorption occurs. All primary foams have a very high specific airflow resistance and punching reduces the airflow resistance. Similarly Ground, the larger the foam cell and the larger the needle used, the greater the reduction of airflow resistance. The primary foam has poor sound absorption. It is very clear that the punched foam is better than the primary foam. Sound absorption. Test type Foam type Needle size (mm) 1 Specific air resistance (lOOORayls)? Sound absorption system ^ Change 500 Hi 1000 H2 ^ 2000 Hz 5 tA6 Frequency (Hz) 7 4.1 PEF4 No 4056 0.11 0 ' 1 1 0'16 NE NE 4.2 PEF4 2 14.4 0,42 0.34 0.28 0.50 700 4.3 PEF4 3 3.2 0.31 0.53 0.68 0.75 800 4.4 PEF4 4 1.2 0.29 0.63 0.52 0,83 810 4.5 PEF5 None 4718 0.05 0.06 0.09 NE NE 4.6 PEF5 2 19.4 0.Ϊ3 0.07 0.14 0. 16 350 4.7 PEF5 3 4.6 0.29 0.13 0.19 0.30 480 4.8 PEF5 4 2.9 0.32 0.20 0,21 0.33 540 4.9 PEF4 None 2926 0.05 0.06 0.09 NE NE 4.10 PEF4 2 20.0 0.14 0.09 0.11 0.23 280 4,11 PEF4 3 7-2 0.25 0 · 12 0.15 0.31 350 4.12 PEF4 4 6.7 0.42 0.21 0.18 0.43 580 This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2! 0X297 mm) 32; 460518 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention) Generally speaking, specific airflow resistance The smaller the foam, the larger the sound absorption coefficient. The sound absorption curve of the punching foam generally appears as shown in Figure 5, and the foam punched with a 3 mm diameter needle is compared. The sound absorption curve passes a maximum at a frequency below 1000 Hz, decreases, and then experiences several peaks at a measurement frequency range of 6400 Hz. Since the sound absorption characteristics below 1000 Hz, and more importantly, below 1000 Hz are the most important, these data are shown in Tables 4 and 5. In Figure 5, even though the foam samples were punched with the same needles and the same pore density, the large cell PEF4 foam (Test No. 4.3) absorbed much less sound than the cell PEF5 (Test No. 4.7) and PPF. (Test No. 4.11) is preferred. The difference in sound absorption capacity is not only due to the difference in specific airflow resistance. For example, a PEF4 foam punched with a 4mm pin is far worse than a PEF4 foam punched with a 3mm pin, even though the former has a lower specific airflow resistance than the latter. It can be deduced from the test that foams with larger cells seem to have a larger volume of punched holes than foams with smaller cells. Experiment 5 The content of open cells between foams printed in the box of the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 虡 sound: This ratio is the effect of cell spacing on sound absorption and open cell content. . The large cell foams prepared in Example 1 and those born and punched were subjected to the sound absorption test in Test 4. The sample was the same as that used in the open cell tester in Example 1 except that the length was shortened to about 35 mm. The data is summarized in Table 5. "This paper is suitable for household use (CNS) from miscellaneous (21QX 297 public directors) 4 60 518 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9 /) Table 5 Foam type needle pitch (mm ) 1 Opening content Sound absorption coefficient 500Hz5 1000Hz4 2000Hz5 Max 6 frequencies) 7 5.1 PEF2 None 77 0.46 0.66 0.58 0.95 730 52 PEF2 10 81 035 0,79 0.72 0.98 S20 53 PEF2 5 84 0.14 0.65 0.69 0.87 1280 54 PEF2 4 95 0.13 0.63 0.61 0.85 1290 5.5 PEF2 3 95 029 0.72 0-69 0.93 1360 5.6 PEF3 without ND 031 0.47 0,49 0.72 730 5.7 PEF3 10 53 0.41 0.52 0.51 0.76 730 5.8 PEF3 5 82 0.17 0.78 052 0.91 1200 5.9 PEK3 4 87 0.18 0.83 0,51 0.93 1140 5.10 PEF3 3 95 0J8 0.94 0.99 0.95 960 5.11 PEF4 10 61 027 0.74 0.44 0.87 850 5A2 PEF4 5 71 022 0.97 0.54 0.99 1060 5``3 PEF4 4 79 0.17 0 * 84 0.52 0.98 1200 5.14 PEF4 3 92 0.41 0.91 0.80 0.95 880 ND = Not determined None = No penetration (primary foam) 1 The distance between the holes in a square pattern 2 The content of open cells measured in accordance with ASTMD-2856 procedure C; same as in Table 1 Data 3 measured at 50 according to ASTM D · 1050 Sound absorption coefficient at 0 Hz 4 Sound absorption coefficient measured at 1000 Hz in accordance with A STM D-1050 5 Sound absorption coefficient measured at 1000 Hz in accordance with A STM D-105 0 Maximum sound at sound absorption coefficient below 2000 Hz Absorption coefficient 7 The frequency at which the maximum absorption occurs (please read the notes on the back before filling out this page). The Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed all foams to show effective sound absorption. Surprisingly, the primary large cell foam exhibited excellent sound absorption (Test Nos. 5.1 and 5.6). The complete absorption curves of these foams and the primary PEF4 foam (Test No. 4.1) are compared in Figure 6. The superior sound absorption capacity of the large-cell foam is extremely evident in Figure 6. It is inferred that the cells that were cut on the surface of the foam contribute to the outstanding sound absorption properties of the foam. In the case of the giant porous PEF2, the primary foam absorbs sound better than the punched foam. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297 mm). 34 Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed 4 6 ^ 518 a? B7 V. Description of the invention (conversion) And the sound absorption capacity is easily deteriorated due to the increase in the hole density of the hole punched with a 2mm needle. This trend can be seen more clearly in Figure 7. The sound absorption system is affected by both the open cell content and the specific airflow resistance. It is known that an excessively low specific airflow resistance is harmful to sound absorption. This provides an explanation of why sound absorption decreases with increasing hole density. A clear reversal of foams with 3mm punched holes may be due to the use of a smaller needle (1.5mm diameter). Samples of the foam punched at 10 mm pitch in PEF3 provided the best sound absorption (Test No. 5.7). In PEF4, it has a relatively small cell size '-a foam with holes of 5mm pitch (test number 5. 丨 2) a sample of foam that absorbs sound slightly more than 10mm of cell pitch (test number 5.11) Better ° Test 6 The effect of a cover film on sound absorption The effect of a skin layer and an attached film on a punched PEF2 foam sample was investigated in this test. A DAF 899 brand of mucosa (sold by the Dow Chemical Company) was used as the top layer for the foam sample. This film is made from PRIMACORE * 3330 ethylene / acrylic copolymer (trademark of Dow Chemical Company). This thin film, about 37 microns thick, was ironed to the surface of a foam sample with the skin removed. The iron is lined with a special air sheet to prevent the wall from sticking to the bucket. Two foams punched at a pitch of 10 mm and 5 min were used for the test of this example. Film-covered samples were compared with samples with cortex removed. In the case where the foam sample has punch holes at a pitch of 10 mm, the test includes a sample with the skin layer left on one side. The thickness of all samples is fixed at 35mm and the sound absorption coefficient of the samples is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 cm) at this paper scale. --Order ------ t (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 35 "0518 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (shirt) The surface with the thin layer or leather layer is measured against the sound source. The results of the sound absorption test are shown in Table 6 and Figure 8. The results of tests 6.4 and 6.5 are compared: Table 6 Test No. 6.1 Pin pitch ⑴ 10 Surface of the sample 声音 Sound absorption coefficient 250 Hz ⑴ 500Hz ⑷ 1000 Hz ⑴ 1600 Hz ⑹ Maximum ⑴ Frequency ⑴ Tare 0.09 0.55 0.91 0.41 1.00】 030 6.2 10 With skin 0.19 0.32 0.86 0.31 0.96 920 6.3 10 With Poki 0.20 0.28 0.84 0.28 0.½ 920 6.4 5 Peel 0.05 0.24 0.59 0.78 0,82 1280 6.5 5 f with film 0.47 0.44 0.72 0.45 0.94 760 1 Distance between holes in a square pattern in mm (please read the note on the back ^^ before filling this page) Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Consumer Cooperatives printed as table As shown in Figure 8, film adhesion has dramatically improved The sound absorption performance of the foam at low frequencies. In the foam sample punched at a pitch of 5mm, the 'film improves the sound absorption in the entire frequency range below 1000Hz. Test 7 was inserted as a W-shaped low-rigid longitudinal profile. Sound absorption performance of materials This test order, the performance of punched foam as a two-piece separator was studied. "The sound transmission test was completed in a CEBTP laboratory. The sound transmission reduction equipment in CEBTP has a volume of 55m3. Source room and a 51 m3 receiving room. In the middle of the 36cm thick partition wall, there is an opening 0.96m wide, 1.96m thick and 12cm deep viewed from the source room. This hole is enlarged to l, 08mX2 in the rest of the wall thickness .06m size. A 1.05m × 2.05m size board is installed in this opening. The sound transmission loss through the board is measured and calculated in accordance with the method described in ISO R7H-1968. This paper size applies China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ~-

A60518 V. Description of the invention (calculated according to the method described in ISO R 717-1968. In practice, the large cell polyethylene foam prepared in Example 10 uses a selected cell pattern with a selected cell pattern. The pin punching is shown in Table 7. A sound-insulating polyurethane foam was also included in this test for comparison. The foam was made into a longitudinal section with a low rigidity (W), as shown in the note to Table 6. As shown. A straight insert (I) was also tested for comparison with a foam. 13-face-thick pressed wood boards were used as the facing for all boards in this example. The peripheral gap between the wall and the edge of the sample Filled with a fiberglass and then sealed with a filler material. Table 7 No. Foam type structure perforation_ 5RI (dB ⑷) Needle size (and 1) 2 (mu) 3 7.1 PEFZ Μ 3 F 94 42.2 7.Z PET2 W 1 Β 9'4 42.6 7.3 PEF2 W 1 ΓΟ 81 40.3 7.4 PEI · ^ w 4 5 ΤΓ 40.6 7.5 PEF3 w 3 F-/ 4 41.2 7.6 FEF3 w ---- Β 3Z 40.0 7.7 ΡΓΓί w 3-67 40.9 7.8 PEF4 w 1 η 40 .Z /.y PEF4 u 4 Ιΐ5-- bb 39.1 7.10 PEF4 w ό ID 5ϋ 38.5 ~~ " " 7.11 PEF4 w 1 κτ ~ — 52 37.6 7 Λ ×× Pthb w 4 ID 0 / 36.6 7.13 * PUF w None 9b 7.141 PEF2 1 ι 5 ~-94 3ΤΓ2 * Not one of the examples of the present invention 4 = 337mm strips with an interval of 40 dark widths and 7 close thicknesses (The distance between the movies on the same side of the film), the opposite side is connected with a hair scraper (see FIG.U) at intervals, and the hair core is inserted I = a straight flat core with a thickness of 54mm (see FIG. 9) 2 is used to Pierce a needle with a diameter of 3 millimeters in diameter. A distance t between the ties in a square circle of millimeters is a test piece with an 8-weight diameter and a length of 35 mm. Determining the percentage of openings containing weight '5 Sound reduction index in decibels measured at CEBTP (A) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 male cages): U Pack ----- --I l · --------- ^. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 460518 V. Invention Description (Finnish) The sound transmission loss data is noted with an A-weighted sound reduction index of noise. The data are arranged in the general order of cell size, needle size, and hole density. Examining the data shows that the parameters of impact sound insulation are: insert structure; foam type; open cell content; and airflow resistance (pore density and needle size). The low-rigidity core structure (w) provides a much better sound insulation than the straight (I) (Comparative Tests 7_2 and 7.14). Among the perforated foams with W structure, the open cell content has the greatest impact on sound insulation, followed by airflow resistance. The longitudinal section of the PEF2 foam that is punched with more than 90% open cells provides a sound reduction index (SRI) between 43-43 dB (A). Although slightly lower than-polyurethane foam 'is still quite satisfactory. Samples of foams made of PEF2, PEF3, and PEF4 containing 67-82% open cells showed an SRI in the range of 400-412 dB (A) => with a pattern of 10 mm X 10mm The punched PEF4 sample has an open cell content of 52-55% and a bounded SRI in the range of 37.6 to 39.1 dB (A). Among them, a sample punched with a large needle produced greater sound insulation performance. Cellular PEF5 record-unsatisfactory 36.6 dB (A) performance. Test 8 Sound absorption performance as a U-shaped low-rigidity longitudinal section insert In this test, a PEF2 foam punched with a 2mm needle in a 5mmXmm pattern was cut into a different low-rigidity foam longitudinal section such as It is shown in the note to Table 8 and tested with a two-piece plate insert. The structure (U) consists of a 42mm thick flat foam plate with 40min wide and 7mm thick pillars at both ends. The sound insulation performance of the U-shaped foam core is based on the test. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). Printed by the Consumer Affairs Cooperative of the Property Bureau 38 & 60518 A7 ______B7 _ 5. The same procedure as in the description of the invention (private) 6 was tested. Data are summarized in Table 8. Table 8 Test No. Foam Type Structure Perforation Opening Content (%) SRI Needle Size (mm ^ Hole Pitch (mm) 3 8.1 PEF2 U 2 5 94 43.0 1 has a shape of 1.05 m as shown in FIG. 10 A wide insert with a foam body with a thickness of 4201111 and a 40mm wide, 7mm thick support at both ends. Eight ^^ 2 diameter used to pierce holes in millimeters 3 in a square in millimeters The distance between the perforations in the pattern 4 is a circular 枉 -shaped test piece with a diameter of 45mm and a length of 35mm. The percentage percentage of openings measured according to 胪 ASTM D_2856 procedure c. 5 The sound reduction index measured at CEBTP is as shown. The macroporous foam provides a satisfactory sound insulation performance when inserted into a two-piece plate with a U-shaped longitudinal brake surface. Test 9 Water absorption-12cm X 2cm X 3,5cm samples were tested in Test 8 The punched polyurethane foam used was cut out and immersed in ordinary tap water for about 30 seconds. This sample was taken out of the water and weighed after the surface was dried. ° It was found that this sample was better than the sample before water absorption 10.5 times heavier. Shuiqiao makes it easier for employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to consume It was extruded from the sample printed by the company. The test results indicate that most of the cellular foams in this punched hole can be used to make materials that require water absorption, such as used in a cleaning potential ° test 10 flame retardant leaching about 3 1 cm X 53cm X 1 _25cm foam samples are made of punched foam used in Type 5 test 8 _ household weight. A 30% aqueous solution is prepared from flame retardant materials provided by tNorfire AS, Norway. 。 Suitable flame retardant contains 12-15% This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNiS) a4 specification (210X297 mm) 39 A7 460518 B7 V. Description of the invention (π) Ammonium sulfate, 1-4% each Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, sodium gasification, and sodium phosphate. In practice, a foam sample was immersed in a flame retardant solution contained in a shallow dish. The foam sample was observed to rapidly absorb resistance Fuel solution. When removed from the solution, the sample retains most of the absorbed solution. In test number 10.3, the solution was extruded from the foam sample. The sample saturated with the solution was weighed and dried at an ambient temperature. Four hours, followed by overnight in an oven maintained at 60 ° C. The weight of the foam sample was monitored during drying. In test numbers 10.2 and 10.3, the flame retardant crystals loosely suspended on the surface of the foam sample were scraped off and the last flame retardant remaining in the foam was removed. Measurement. Foam samples were subjected to a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) test as shown in Table 9. The foam samples absorbed a large amount of solution and water dried out from the open cell foam relatively easily. The solution was squeezed The sample taken (test number 10.3) showed that most of the absorbed water was lost during the 6-hour drying period (4 hours at ambient temperature and 2 hours at 60 ° C). Flame retardant-impregnated foams exhibit fairly high LOIs. Test No. Extrusion? Weight increase after drying Weight increase last FR content LOJ (%) Around 4 h (g) 3 @ 60 ° C 2h (g) 4 @ 60 ° C 4h (g) 5 @ 60 ° C 16hfe) 6 10.1 Non 13.5 7.7 4.2 32 2.6 2.6 > 31 10.210.3 Non 12.7 6.0 3.8 2.9 2.3 1.1 23.5 Yes 4.0 1.8 1.2].) 1.0 0.7 22.3 1 Non = solution is not squeezed out: Yes = solution is squeezed out after action 2-grams of hair Amount of solution absorbed by foam t 3 Amount of solution remaining in one gram of foam after drying at ambient temperature for 4 hours 4 Amount of solution remaining in one gram of foam after drying at 60 ° C for 2 hours 5 The amount of solution remaining in one gram of foam after drying at 60 ° C for 4 hours 6 The amount of solution remaining in one gram of foam after drying at 60 ° C for 6 hours 7 After scraping off Final amount of solid flame retardant left in one gram of foam t. Limiting oxygen index 8: A mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can just support a material. At this temperature, the test strip has the lowest initiation of flame combustion at room temperature. Concentration, expressed in percent by volume. This paper's dimensions are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) _, 2 ^ m pack, J order ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before (Write this page) Printed by the Employees 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics-40 Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics A60518 A7 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the Invention) Example 2 The device used in this example is an example The industrial foam extrusion line of the same structure used by i in the example a. In this example, three additional macroporous polyolefin foaming systems are composed of a low density polyethylene resin and a resin and an ethylene-stupid ethylene copolymer. (ESI) blend. Polyethylene resin has a melt index of 1.8 dg / min (at 190 ° C / 2.16 kg) and a density of 0.923 g / cm3. The ESI resin used was the INDEX DS 201 brand manufactured by dow Chemical Company using a restricted geometry catalyst. About 70/30 of the styrene / ethylene copolymer resin has a melt index (at 19.0 / 2.16 kg) of 1.1. The foam is prepared from a blend of 70/30 polyethylene resin and ES copolymer resin, and polyethylene. The foam expansion procedure is substantially the same as in Example 1. The foams prepared in this example are listed in Table 10. Isobutane was used in the amount of 9.13 pph as a foaming agent for the preparation of all foams. As in Example 1, a small amount of glycerol-stearic acid was added to control the dimensional stability of the foam. For the preparation of polyethylene foam (PEF6) and ESF1 PE / ESI blend foam 'A small amount of talc was added in a concentrated form (50% of talc in the same polyethylene) for cell size control. The effective talc content of PEF6 foam was 0.068 pph and ESF1 was 0.034 pph. Both ESF 丨 and E.SF2 foams were prepared from the same blend of polyethylene and ESI resin. A small amount (0.05 pph) of an anti-cidal agent (Cerba Geigy Corp.'s Irganox 101) was added to all three foams. Under the cooling zone temperature of about uo ° c and the mold temperature of lire, the three paper sizes are applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS> A4 specification (210X297 mm) — ^ nf-----1 I— ^^ — ^ 1 —1— ^^^ 1 ^ —I nn Έ-^^^ 1 ^^^ 1n ^ i ml ^^^ 1 (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 41 460518-V. Description of the invention ) All formulas are manufactured into foams of excellent quality. The cross-sectional dimensions of the foam are about 60 mm thick and about 620 mm wide. As shown in Table 10, the foam has a density of about 29-30 kg / m3 and a large cell size. The average cell size ranges from 5.6 to 6.7 mm. Table 10 Foam name Foam density (kg / m3) Cell size vertical (mm) Cell size extrusion (mm) Cell size level (mm) Cell size extrusion level average (mm) Cell 3D Average (mm) PEF6 30 7.4 6.0 6.8 6.4 6.7 ESF1 29 5.8 6.0 4.9 5.5 5.6 ESF2 29 6.8 6.8 6.0 6.4 6.5 Note: ()) to (5) = same test as in Table 1 11 Formed by punching and compression The printed consumer body of the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Open Cell was cut into 35mm plates and punched with a 2mm diameter needle at a distance of 10mm and 5mm. A 45 mm diameter cylindrical sample was drilled from the plate. A sample with a 5tnm pore spacing is compressed to 95% of its thickness and further forms an open cell. All the compressed foams returned to their original thickness. The open cell was measured using a 45 mm diameter and 35 mm thick cylindrical sample. The open cell content was determined according to ASTM D-2856 procedure C. As shown in Table 11, the desired high open cell content can be formed by punching. Since the 5mm pitch punch has already provided an open cell content in the range of 92 to 95%, there are fewer open cells that are further formed by compression. As foreseen, ESFs with slightly smaller cells than the others form slightly fewer open cells. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 42 460518 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4 is called Table 11 Foam name 10mm pitch ⑴ 5mm pitch ⑵ 5mm pitch & compression ⑴ PEF6 72.5 94.7 95.3 ESF1 69.2 92.6 94.5 ESF2 72.9 94.4 95.7 Note: All open cell content is measured in accordance with ASTMD-2856 procedure C (1) Percentage of open cell content of foams perforated at 10mm pitch (2) Perforated hair at 5mm pitch The percentage of the open cell content of the foam (3) is perforated at a pitch of 10mm and then compressed to a percentage of the open content of 95% of the original thickness of the foam. The mechanical and shock-absorbing properties of the cellular foam were determined. The applicability of the foam material as an insert in a sandwich panel was determined. The dynamic stiffness and loss factor were measured using a vibration platform. A diameter of '1 A disk-shaped foam sample with a thickness of 35 cm is mounted on a vibration platform. A circular particle board of the same diameter is loaded on the top of the sample. The surface weight of the particle board is about 10 kg / m3. One accelerometer is attached under the platform and the other accelerometer is attached on the top surface of the particle board load. The platform vibrates at random frequency and the damping ratio is used by the accelerometer signal in a test 4. Brueel and Kjaer model 3 55 5 measured by a signal analyzer. Dynamic stiffness is calculated from the resonance frequency and the loss factor is calculated from the damping ratio. The mechanical and vibration properties of the foam are shown in Table 12. JI1 ---装 ---- install ---,-Ί order ------ free ',. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) gig! Jia Wang ^ (cNS > Eight 4 display_ (2jQx297) -43-A7 B7 5051 8 V. Description of the invention (4 /) Table 12 Foam name Needle pitch (1) Compression strength ⑵ Compression modulus (3) Tensile strength h (4) Tensile modulus (5) Tensile length (6) Dynamic stiffness ⑺ Loss factor PEF6 10 25 747 154 1260 30 3.5 0.43 PEF6 5 22 566 ND ND ND 1.7 035 ESF1 10 17 482 131 790 51 4.8 0.46 ESF1 5 15 362 ND ND ND 3.2 0.48 ESF2 10 16 464 134 814 54 5.0 0.39 ESF2 5 14 332 ND ND ND 3.1 0.46 Printed by the cooperative. Note: ND = to measure (1) the distance between the holes in a square case in millimeters (2) the vertical compressive strength in kilopascals measured in accordance with ASTMD-3575 (3) measured in accordance with ASTM D-3575 Tensile strength in kPa in vertical direction (4) Tensile strength measured in kPa in vertical direction at break in accordance with ASTMD-3 5 7 5 (5) Vertical in kPa measured in accordance with ASTM D-3575 Tensile modulus in direction (6) Tensile length percentage in the vertical direction measured in accordance with ASTM C-3575 (7) Meganewton per cubic meter measured with a 35mm thick foam test piece with a surface weight of 10 per square meter Dynamic stiffness (8) The loss factor measured under the same conditions as the dynamic stiffness is shown in the table. The foam has the appropriate compressive strength and tensile toughness for use as a sandwich panel insert. As expected, blending in the ESI resin made the foam softer. PE / ESI blend foams are stronger by their greater elongation. A higher density punch with a 5mm pitch results in a slight reduction in compressive strength. Higher punching densities have proven to have a greater impact on dynamic stiffness. Advantageously, the dynamic stiffness is reduced to a greater extent than the compressive strength. All foams exhibit good damping characteristics with low loss factors ranging from 0.354 to 0.48. As expected for highly damped ESI resins, PE / ESI blend foams generally have a higher loss factor than PE foams, but the differences between foams with 10 mm pitch cells are small. Interestingly, a favorable increase in a loss factor was observed for PE / ESI blend foams with more punching. Conversely, PE foams experience a reduction in the loss factor when there is a large amount of redemption. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) ---------- install ---.-- 1 order ------ 喋---(please first (Read the notes on the back and fill in this page) 44 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs's Consumer Cooperatives a 605 1 B A7 B7 V. Description of the invention) Test 13 Sound absorption coefficient The sound absorption coefficient of punched giant porous foam is in accordance with ASTM E 1050 is measured using the device described in Test 4. As shown in Table 13, the polymer composition has a slight effect on the sound absorption capacity of the foam. As previously observed, a high pore density deteriorates the sound absorption ability. The good sound absorption performance of a giant multi-cellular foam was confirmed again by punching foams with holes of 10 mm pitch. Table 13 Foam name Pin pitch (1) Sound absorption coefficient 250 Hz (2) 500 Hz (3) 1000 Hz (4) 2000 Hz (5) Maximum (6) Frequency (Hz) (7) PEF6 10 0.21 0.77 0.60 0.75 LOO 800 ESF1 10 0.16 0.79 0.46 0.61 0,92 740 ESF2 10 0.15 0,77 0.50 0,64 0.95 780 PEF6 5 0.08 0.28 0.96 0.43 0,99 960 ESF1 5 0.09 0,29 0.96 0.67 0.98 1020 ESF2 5 0.08 0.25 0 , 96 0.59 0.99 1030, Note: (1) Distance between holes in a square pattern in millimeters (2) Sound absorption coefficient (3) according to ASTM E-1050 at a frequency of 250 Hz according to ASTM E-050 Sound absorption coefficient (4) measured at a frequency of 500 Hz (4) Sound absorption coefficient measured at a frequency of 1000 Hz (5) Sound absorption coefficient measured at a frequency of 2000 Hz according to ASTM E-1050 ( 6) The maximum sound absorption coefficient at frequencies below 1600 Hz (7) The frequency at which the maximum occurs This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) J-1 — Ί ---- Install ---.-- Ί Order ------ 嗲 ·-, (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 45 460518 A7 B7, FZ correction year 5. Description of the invention (43) Comparison of component numbers 1 Foam body 2 Closed cell 3 Sharp object 4 Squeeze / press direction 5 Foam core 6 Foam body —, ----.----- ---.Equipment ---- ^ ----- Order --------- line- (Please read the business matters on the back before filling in this page) The paper size of the paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs on Consumer Cooperative Printing 6Π518 as No. 088 108888 Patent Application Amendment to Patent Scope Amendment Date: January 1990 1. A method of preparing a porous thermoplastic foam structure, including the step a) providing an average cell with a cell diameter from 2mm to 15mm Of diameter—the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam, wherein at least some portions of the cells are open cells; and b) at least some portions of at least one surface of the first thermoplastic polymer foam structure By means of opening a closed cell in a porous thermoplastic polymer foam, this application is sufficient to produce a porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure having an average cell diameter from 2mm to 15mm, where more than 5 The percentage of cells has been opened by using the method of opening the closed cells of a porous thermoplastic polymer foam, wherein the percentage of open cells is measured according to ASTM D-28.56, procedure C. 2. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the first porous thermoplastic polymer foamed structure is substantially closed cells. 3. The method according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure is substantially open-celled. 4. The method according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure has an average cell diameter of 2 mm to 10 mm. 5. The method according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein The first porous thermoplastic polymer foaming vessel structure has an average cell of 3 mm to 10 mm. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) --- Is---- -I ---- 衣 '—------- Order · --------. (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) 6. Scope of patent application η 6〇 51 8 diameter. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure has an average cell diameter of 4 mm to 8 mm. 7- If the scope of patent application is the first! In the method of claim 1, the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure is prepared from a dilute hydrocarbon polymer. 8. The method of item 7 in the scope of the patent of claim 4, wherein the dilute hydrocarbon polymer is selected from an olefinic polymer, a copolymer, or a blend thereof. 9. The method of claim 7 in the scope of patent application, wherein the thin smoke polymer is polypropylene. The method of claim 7 in which the olefin polymer is a blend of a polypropylene and an ethylene-styrene. 11. The method according to item 8 of the patent application, wherein the olefinic polymer is a low density polyethylene "12. The method according to item 8 of the patent application, wherein the olefinic polymer is a low density polyethylene Blends with monoethylene · stupene copolymers. 13. The method according to item 12 of the patent application, wherein the total amount of ethylene styrene has a styrene content of at least 60% by weight a 14. The method according to item 12 of the patent application, wherein the A blend of a low density polyethylene and an ethylene-styrene interpolymer contains at least 50% by weight of low density polyethylene. 15. The method according to item 1 of the patent application range, in which more than 70% of the cells of the porous thermoplastic polymer foaming vessel have been applied by means of-opening-the closed cells of the porous thermoplastic polymer foam The enemy opened. _______ -2- Applicable to national standards (CNS) A4 specifications C 297 public love)----IJI IJI — — — --I ^-— — rill · — r IIII If I-(Please first Read the notes on the back and fill out this page> Printed by the Employees 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by A8 Β8 CS D8 In this method, the cells of more than 90% of the porous thermoplastic polymer foam have been opened by applying a method of opening the closed cells of a porous thermoplastic polymer foam. The method according to item 1, wherein the porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure has an airflow resistance of less than 80,000 Rayis / m. 18. The method according to item 17 of the patent application scope, wherein the porous thermoplastic polymer The foam structure has an airflow resistance of less than 40,000 Rayis / m. Ϊ9. The method according to item 18 of the patent application scope, wherein the porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure has a value of less than 100,000 Rayls / m of airflow resistance 20 'The method according to item 19 in the scope of patent application, wherein the porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure has an airflow resistance of less than 50,000 Rayis / m. 21, as in the first item in scope of patent application Method, wherein the open means is selected from the group consisting of perforation, cutting, compression, or the like. 22. The method of applying the scope of patent No. 21, wherein the open means includes cutting beta 23. Such as the scope of applying patent No. 21 Method, wherein the means for opening includes compression. 24. The method for applying scope of patent No. 23, wherein the method for opening is perforation followed by compression. 25. The method for applying scope, including the paper, includes the paper The scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297)> II t € Hi n tsv ti- nu I- (Jing Xian "Read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order ------- --Line ASB8C8D8 The consumer cooperation of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China printed 6060518 patent application perforation. 26. For the method of applying for patent scope item 25, wherein the perforation includes one or more square patterns 27. If the method of applying for the scope of the patent item 25, wherein the perforation comprises one or more triangular patterns. 28_If the method of applying for the scope of the patent item 25, wherein the opening means is a compression and then perforation. 29 · Such as The method of claim 25, wherein the perforation is implemented in such a manner that the pores are spaced apart from each other by a distance that is not greater than the cell in the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure. The average diameter is twice a 30. The method according to item 29 of the patent application, wherein the perforation is performed in such a manner that the pores are spaced apart from each other by a distance, wherein the distance is not greater than the first porous thermoplastic 1.5 times the average cell diameter in the polymer foam structure "31. The method of claim 30 of the patent scope 'where the perforations are implemented in such a way that the holes are spaced apart from each other by a distance, The distance is approximately equal to the average cell diameter in the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the perforation is implemented in such a manner that the holes are spaced apart from each other by a distance, wherein the distance is less than the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam structure order Cell cell average diameter. 33. The method of claim 25, wherein the perforation includes applying a Chinese paper standard (CNS > A4 specification (210 * 297 mm) at a paper size) «^ 1- ^^ 1 ni s- > at · T—Order --------- Line_ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) 8800 ^ 9 ABC0 S0518 6. Application scope of patent or multiple pointed or sharp objects piercing the first Porous thermoplastic polymer foam Zhao. 34. If the method of the scope of the patent application No. 33, wherein the pointed, sharp object is selected from a needle, pin, puncture needle or nail. 35. If the method of the scope of patent application 32 The perforation includes drilling, laser cutting, high-pressure fluid cutting, gas grabbing, or projectile piercing the first porous thermoplastic polymer foam. 36. The method according to item 丨 of the patent application, wherein The foam further includes a flame retardant "37. The method according to item 丨 of the scope of patent application, wherein the foam has been formed into a longitudinal section with low dynamic rigidity a 38. The item under scope of patent application 37 Method (where the longitudinal section is made of porous thermoplastic foam Composed of the core of the body, the opposite sides of the core of the foam have optionally been attached with the same or a narrow strip of thermoplastic polymer foam different from Doza. 39. For example, the method of claim 38 in the scope of patent application, wherein The distance between the middle points of the narrow strips of the porous thermoplastic polymer foam is at least 25 mm β 40. The method according to item 39 of the patent application, wherein the narrow strips of the porous thermoplastic polymer foam on the same side of the foam The distance between the midpoints is 300mm to 600mm. 41. The method of the 37th aspect of the patent application 'where the longitudinal section is composed of-a porous thermoplastic foam core, the same side of the foam core and The opposite ends have been attached with the same or a narrow strip different from the porous thermoplastic polymer foaming vessel. This paper size applies to the China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21Q X 297 g) I fs J 1 --- nil— ^ --In .-------------- I (Please read the Jiang Yi matters on the back before filling out this page) Seal of Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs * 'Λ 8 i— 5 ο ABCS VI __ Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed the scope of patent application for consumer cooperatives 42. Such as Method for claiming item 41 of the patent scope 'wherein the distance between the middle points of the narrow strip is at least 350mm. 43. As for the method of applying item 42 of the patent scope, wherein the distance between the middle points of the narrow strip is 450mm to 600mm 6 44 The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application 'where the application of the enemy means only partially extends through the thickness of the foam structure. 45.-A porous thermoplastic foam, which can be used by any of the scope of the above patent application Item. 46 · —A foam suitable for use in a method according to any one of the scope of the patent application No. 丨 · 42, the foam includes a foam having an average cell diameter greater than 4 mm. A porous thermoplastic foam obtained by extruding a foamed gel through a multi-port die to a region with a lower pressure. The lower pressure is at or below atmospheric pressure, and the foamable gel The knee contains the thermoplastic polymer with a blend and a blowing agent. 47. A foam suitable for use in a method according to any of claims 1-42 of the patent application scope, the foam vessel comprising an extruded porous thermoplastic having an average cell straight through greater than 4 mm The foam, wherein the cell line is elongated and the cavity elongated orientation is the direction of the extrusion. 48. A foaming vessel suitable for use in a method according to any of claims 1-42 of the scope of patent application, the foaming body comprises a foamed vessel having an average cell diameter greater than 4 mm, and a combination of multiple strands Porous thermoplastic foam Zhao. 49. A foam suitable for use in a method according to any of claims 1-42 of the scope of patent application, the foam comprising an average cell diameter, a paper standard, and Common National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) ------------ I ·! ----- Order ------ _Line · " Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Λ 6051 8 A8B8C8D8 6. Apply for a patent scope greater than 4 mm 'and present a non-crosslinked bead type "Porous thermoplastic foam" 50. —A foam suitable for use in a method according to any one of the scope of patent applications No. 1-42 'wherein the foam system has an average cell diameter greater than 4 mm, and A porous polymer that has been grafted with an alkenyl-functional silane or an azide-functional silane. 51. A foam suitable for use in a method according to any one of claims 1-42, wherein the foam system has a crosslinked porous polymer having an average cell diameter greater than 4 mm Foaming ship. < Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Guilt ---- --------- Order --------- Printed on paper by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)