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經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明係一種成型磨削中心的影像量測方法，係屬於 可運用在工具機上，藉由光學影像進行非接觸性二維量測 的技術範疇。 按，目前的二件加工可利用各種工具機予以加工成型 ’其中所使明的二具機中’依據其功能及加工方式而有多 種不同規格及機種’以成型磨削中心的平面磨床而言，由 於此種平©磨床於實際進行加工作業時，只能控制砂輪主 軸上、下移動與平台左、右移動，來達到進行切削工件的 加工，於進行工件的切削加工的過程令，為了確實了解該 工件的尺寸是否已經加工磨削達到所設定的目標尺寸，此 時操作的技師必需將工件由工作平台上取下，再藉由測量 設備予以測量尺寸，若測量所得的尺寸尚未達到目標尺寸 ，則必須再將工件置於工作平台上固定，將砂輪進刀一定 尺寸並續行蜜削加工，直到所加工的工件尺寸已達到目標 尺寸’即可完成工件的切削工作。 由於前述在達行量測工件的尺寸時，必須將工件由工 作平台上的固定座上取下，量測完畢後，則又必須將工件 放回原位並固定”如此，將工件的取下及置放在工作平台 的情況，將產生了置放時的定位誤差，亦即當工件由工作 平台取下之前相對於砂輪間的位置及距離，與工件置放回 工件平台後與砂輪之間的位置及距離，因工件的加工面相 對於砂輪的坊削面已有移動改變，將產生一定程度的差距 ，使得工件經量测到的尺寸與目標尺寸之間的差值，無法 與磨削甲心之砂輪應再進刀磨削的尺寸相同，因而造成磨 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS>A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ^ k裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 5 25 2 4 A7 --—_________B7_ 五、發明說明（> ) 削加工尺寸無法精確量測及計算，進而將砂輪進刀一定的 磨削尺寸，因而無法製造高精密度的工件，而必須依賴具 有經驗豐富的技師進行操作，雖該技師具有相當豐富的經 驗’但可加工製作工件的精密度仍然有一定的限制，是為 目前磨削加工所具有的缺點。 本發明人有鐘於此’乃設計一種非接觸性的二維光學 量測且在不需取下工件’即可直接量測其尺寸的量測系統 ’藉由不需將工件離開工作平台，因而可提高加工尺寸的 精確及減少對優良技師的依賴並可提高產能者。 為了可達到前述的發明目的，本發明所運用的技術 手段係在於，其中量測方法為：丨抓取工件影像；2找尋 工件邊緣座標；3‘以對應函數形成實物座標；4.曲線逼近 法則及回歸計算己弧形；5.求出線與線及線與弧的交點座 標；6.判斷整體工件的輪廓是否完成；經由前述的量測流 程以確定工件的整體輪廓是否完成，若未完成則再進行前 述的流程’直到整個工件的外型輪廓完成後，則可計算出 工件加工至此的尺寸’並將該尺寸與目標尺寸進行比對， 並計算出其差值.若未達到目標尺寸，則可將必須再加工 的尺寸予以回報、以提供磨削中心的砂輪必須再進刀加工 的尺寸。 為使貴審查委員可確實了解本發明之量測方法、實 施該方法之裝置、及其它發明目的與功效，以下茲舉出其 中一種具體實施例，並配合圖式詳細說明如下-· (一）圖式部份： 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ---I -------I- > ------訂------ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 五、發明說明（3 ) 第一圖係本發明之量測方法流程圖。 第二圖係本發明之量測裝置示意圖。 (11)立式滑座組 (13)鏡頭 (1 5)背光板 (2 1 )砂輪 (31)水平滑座組 (一）圊號部份 (1 0 )本體 (12)支架 (14)支架 (2 0 )立式滑座組 (3 0 )夾具 (4 0 )工件 參看第®所示，本發明之成型磨削中心的影像量測 系統三此種可運用在成型磨削中心之平面磨床的量測方法 ，係藉由非接觸性的二維（2_D)光學量測，可在不必取 下待加工工伴之；、，直接對加工中之工件的外型尺寸進行 量測由於並沒有將工件由工作平台上取下或置放時所產 生的定位誤差’因而可獲得較為精確的加工尺寸。 本發明的量測方式，其操作流程如下： 1‘抓取工件影像； 2. 找尋工件邊緣座標； 3. 以對應函數法形成實物座標； 4‘曲線逼近法則及回歸計算出弧形； 5.求出線與線及線與弧的交點座標； 6·判斷整體工件的輪廓是否完成； .經由前述的量測流程以確定工件的整體輪廓是否完成 ’若未完成則再達行前述1.至5.步驟的流程，直到整個 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNSM4規格（⑽X 297公爱) 452524 A7Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics The present invention is an image measurement method for a molding and grinding center, and belongs to the technical field of non-contact two-dimensional measurement using optical images that can be applied to a machine tool. According to the current two-piece machining, various machine tools can be used for processing and molding. Among the two machines described above, there are a variety of different specifications and models depending on their functions and processing methods. In terms of surface grinding machines with forming and grinding centers, Because this type of flat grinding machine can only control the up and down movement of the spindle of the grinding wheel and the left and right movement of the platform during the actual machining operation, the machining of the cutting workpiece can be achieved. Understand whether the size of the workpiece has been processed and ground to the set target size. At this time, the operating technician must remove the workpiece from the work platform, and then measure the size by the measuring equipment. If the measured size has not reached the target size , Then the workpiece must be fixed on the work platform, the grinding wheel is fed into a certain size and the honeycomb processing is continued until the size of the processed workpiece has reached the target size, and the cutting of the workpiece can be completed. Because when measuring the size of the workpiece, the workpiece must be removed from the fixed base on the work platform. After the measurement is completed, the workpiece must be returned to the original position and fixed. ”So, remove the workpiece In the case of placing on the work platform, a positioning error will occur during placement, that is, the position and distance between the workpiece and the grinding wheel before the workpiece is removed from the work platform, and between the workpiece and the grinding wheel after the workpiece is placed back on the workpiece platform. The position and distance of the workpiece have changed due to the movement of the workpiece's machining surface relative to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, which will cause a certain degree of gap, so that the difference between the measured size of the workpiece and the target size cannot be compared with the grinding nail center The size of the grinding wheel should be the same as the size of the re-cutting knife. Therefore, the size of the ground paper is subject to the Chinese national standard (CNS > A4 size (210 X 297 mm)). ----- Line (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5 25 2 4 A7 ---_________ B7_ V. Description of the invention Accurate measurement and calculation The grinding wheel feeds a certain grinding size, so it is not possible to manufacture high-precision workpieces, and it must rely on experienced technicians to operate. Although the technicians have considerable experience, 'the precision of the workpiece can still be processed to a certain degree. The limitation is the disadvantage of the current grinding process. The inventor has hereby 'designed a non-contact two-dimensional optical measurement and can directly measure its size without removing the workpiece' The 'testing system' can improve the accuracy of machining dimensions and reduce the reliance on good technicians and increase productivity by eliminating the need to leave the workpiece on the work platform. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives of the invention, the technical means used in the present invention is to , Where the measurement methods are: 丨 grab the workpiece image; 2 find the edge coordinates of the workpiece; 3 'form the physical coordinates with the corresponding function; 4. the curve approximation rule and regression calculation of the arc; 5. find the line and line and the line and The coordinates of the intersection point of the arc; 6. Determine whether the contour of the overall workpiece is completed; determine whether the overall contour of the workpiece is completed through the aforementioned measurement process. After that, the above-mentioned process is performed until the outline of the entire workpiece is completed, and then the size of the workpiece can be calculated here, and the size is compared with the target size, and the difference is calculated. If the target is not reached Size, the size that must be reprocessed can be returned to provide the size that the grinding wheel of the grinding center must be re-cut. In order for your review committee to know the measuring method of the present invention, the device for implementing the method, and For other purposes and effects of the invention, one of the specific embodiments is listed below, and it is explained in detail in conjunction with the drawings as follows:-(I) Schematic part: 4 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297) (Mm) --- I ------- I- > ------ Order ------ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) V. Description of the invention (3 ) The first diagram is a flowchart of the measurement method of the present invention. The second figure is a schematic diagram of the measuring device of the present invention. (11) Vertical slide group (13) Lens (1 5) Backlight plate (2 1) Grinding wheel (31) Horizontal slide group (1) No. part (1 0) Body (12) Bracket (14) Bracket (2 0) Vertical slide block (3 0) Fixture (4 0) The workpiece is shown in Figure ®. The image measurement system of the forming and grinding center of the present invention is three such surface grinding machines that can be used in the forming and grinding center. The measurement method is non-contact two-dimensional (2_D) optical measurement, which eliminates the need to remove the companion to be processed; and, directly measures the external dimensions of the workpiece during processing. The positioning error 'when the workpiece is removed from or placed on the work platform' can thus obtain a more accurate machining size. The measuring method of the present invention has the following operation flow: 1 'Grab the workpiece image; 2. Find the edge coordinates of the workpiece; 3. Use the corresponding function method to form the physical coordinates; 4' Curve approximation rule and regression to calculate the arc; 5. Find the coordinates of the line-to-line and line-to-arc intersection points; 6. Determine whether the overall contour of the workpiece is complete;. Determine whether the overall contour of the workpiece is complete through the aforementioned measurement process. If it is not completed, go to line 1. to 5. The flow of steps until the entire paper size applies the Chinese national standard (CNSM4 specification (⑽X 297 public love) 452524 A7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 工件的外型輪廓完成後，則可計算出整個工件加工至此的 工件尺寸’錢該工件尺寸肖目標尺寸$行比對，並計算 出其差值，若未達到目標尺寸，則可將必須再加工的尺寸 予以回報，以提供磨削中心的砂輪必須再進刀加工的訊牵 ，於完成工件的再加工之後，即可依據前述的量測方法’ 進行工件的再次量測，以便比對此次的加工尺寸與目標尺 寸疋否相符，若：!-件在完成磨削加工之後，其加工尺寸與 目標尺寸相符’即可完成工件的加工。 、 也就是本發明於進行量測時，其量測操作方式的其中 一種實施例係運用在磨削中心的平面磨床上，實施量測時 ，首先可以利用鏡頭，將取得的工件影像經由影像處理卡 轉成數位灰度值傳入電腦（PC)，再透過邊緣檢測法取得 工件的邊緣，並利用對應函數法將像素座標轉換成實際座 標，透過程式抓取各單畫面中心之機械座標當參考，整合 整體工件座標而得到工件的尺寸，此工件尺寸即可與目標 尺寸進行比較，並再回饋至機台上，以控制砂輪尚須進刀 加工的尺寸’由於待加工的工件並未離開工作平台，與磨 削砂輪的切削面之間已受到控制監測，此種以直接量測所 取得的尺寸’將可獲得較精確的量測尺寸： 若將前述的量測方法，再配合使用次像素（subpixel) 分割技巧，則可再提高其量測的精確度，以達到精密檢測 工件尺寸之欢果再者’可藉由伺服系統的回饋信號，以 便藉影像系统做雙層的尺寸確定，或者配合驅動的變焦與 調整焦距鏡頭，並透過影像資料的整合技術，將可使量測 6 本紙張反度適用令國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） illllli!--I - ! 1111 訂· 一 11 —--I » {靖先閱讀背面之注f項再填寫本頁) 452524 A7 五、發明說明（f ) 範圍擴大至整個工件上。 刖述欲提高精確量測整個工件的尺寸，其量測方法， (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I即在於將量到工件之解析度越高，可選用鏡頭放大倍率增 加’造成視野範圍減小，量測時’係先在工件的各部份先 I行取得影像，再將工件各部份所得到的部份影像進行叠合 ’以形成一完整工件影像；又若所欲量測的工件，其工件 邊緣影像形狀無特徵點，若無法運用影像疊合技術時，則 可依靠工作平台所回饋移動座標，當成各單畫面之中心參 考座標，以便求取量測邊緣之座標，再將所有畫面之工件 邊緣座標，進行一整合動作，整合工件結果後所取得的加 工尺寸可和目標尺寸作比對，再回授至機台做為再加工的 尺寸° 配合參看第二圖所示，係本發明的影像量測系統運用 在磨削中心的其中一種實施例，該平面磨床在機體上設有 一可呈左、右往復移動的本體（1〇),在本體（1〇) 的一端設有一立式滑座组（i i)，該立式滑動座（工丄 )的可動部上設有支架（12)，於支架（12)上設有 朝向本體（1 0 )另端的抓取影像的鏡頭（丄3 )，又在 I 本體（1〇)的另端且相對於鏡頭（13)位置設有支架 | ，於支转（14)上設有一背光板（15)，另 | 於本體的近中央處設有_水平滑座組（31), I 該水平滑座組（3 1 )的可動部設有一夾具（3 0 )，該 | 夾具（3〇)可運用在夾固待加工的工件（40)。 | 又前述之機台上且接近於夾具（3 0)位置設有一立 Μ 7 本紙張尺度適用t國國家標準（CWb)A4规格（21〇 X 297公爱^- 452524 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（έ) 式滑動組2 0 )，其可動部上設有砂輪（2 1 )，砂輪 (2 1)的磨削面可移動至工件（4〇)的待加工表面處 ，以便可對工件（4 0 )的表面進行磨削加工。再者，前 述可調整鏡頭（1 3 )位置的立式滑座組（i i )、可調 整砂輪（2 1 )这刀量的立式滑座組（2 及可調整工 件（4 0 )位置的水平滑座組（3 i )等均可藉由控制機 構配合電腦設備而自動控制其進刀或調整其位置。 本發明的影像量測方法及實施於平面磨床時’將具有 以下數項特點： 1 ·由於待加工的工件不必由工作平台取下，可直接量測 將可減少此部份取下及置放所造成的誤差，以獲得較 南精確度的加工尺寸β 2，由於可記噫量測參考點區域的特徵，如此在移動工件 後仍能迅速找出量測參考點。 3. 因工件尺寸往往大於單晝面影像所能容納，必須整合 多個單晝面的邊緣座標，而移動各畫面所取得的參考 座梹則可由二作平台提供，以便可精確的整合為一完 整的工作尺寸。 4. 可量測工件尺寸變化關係，具高速量測工件邊緣能力 〇 5. 能與控制系統交談能力，可將所獲得目標尺寸，移動 座標且能將所獲得的資料尺寸傳回主系統，幫助系統 作出進刀的決策訊息。 8 本纸張尺度適用令國國家標準（CNS)A4規格<210 X 297公釐） 11--- ----I! -----!| 訂--- - ·線 (諳先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)After the outline of the printed workpiece of the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is completed, the workpiece size of the entire workpiece processed so far can be calculated. The workpiece size is compared with the target size $ line, and the difference is calculated. If the target size is not reached, the size that must be reprocessed can be returned to provide a message that the grinding wheel of the grinding center must be re-cut. After the reprocessing of the workpiece is completed, it can be performed according to the aforementioned measurement method. Measure the workpiece again to compare whether the current machining size matches the target size. If:!-After the grinding process is completed, the machining size matches the target size. That is, one embodiment of the measuring operation method of the present invention when measuring is performed on a surface grinder in a grinding center. When measuring, the lens can be used to process the obtained workpiece image through image processing. The card is converted into a digital gray value and sent to the computer (PC). The edge of the workpiece is obtained by the edge detection method. The pixel coordinates are converted into actual coordinates by the corresponding function method. The mechanical coordinates of the center of each single screen are captured by the program as a reference. ， Integrate the overall workpiece coordinates to obtain the size of the workpiece. This workpiece size can be compared with the target size and then fed back to the machine to control the size of the grinding wheel that must be fed into the workpiece. 'Because the workpiece to be processed has not left the work The platform and the cutting surface of the grinding wheel have been controlled and monitored. The size obtained by direct measurement will obtain a more accurate measurement size: If the aforementioned measurement method is used in conjunction with a sub-pixel (Subpixel) segmentation technique can further improve its measurement accuracy to achieve the precision of the workpiece size. The feedback signal of the system can be used to determine the size of the double layer by the imaging system, or with the driving zoom and focus adjustment lens, and through the integration of image data technology, it will be able to measure 6 papers to reflect the national standards of the country ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) illllli!-I-! 1111 Order · 11 --- I »{Jing first read the note f on the back and fill in this page) 452524 A7 V. Description of the invention (f ) The scope is extended to the entire workpiece. Describe the measurement method to improve the size of the entire workpiece. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) I means that the higher the resolution of the workpiece, the higher the lens magnification can be increased. ' As a result, the field of vision is reduced. During the measurement, 'the first part of the workpiece first obtains the image, and then the partial images of the part of the workpiece are superimposed' to form a complete workpiece image; For the workpiece to be measured, the shape of the workpiece edge image has no characteristic points. If the image overlay technology cannot be used, the moving coordinate returned by the work platform can be used as the center reference coordinate of each single picture in order to obtain the measurement edge. Coordinate, and then coordinate the edge coordinates of the workpiece on all screens to perform an integration action. The processing size obtained after integrating the workpiece results can be compared with the target size, and then fed back to the machine as the reprocessing size. As shown in the figure, it is one embodiment of the image measuring system of the present invention applied to a grinding center. The surface grinder is provided on the machine body with a left and right reciprocating movement. (10), one end of the main body (10) is provided with a vertical slide set (ii), a movable part of the vertical slide (work) is provided with a bracket (12), and the bracket (12) There is a lens (丄 3) for capturing images toward the other end of the body (1 0), and a bracket at the other end of the I body (10) and opposite to the lens (13). There is a backlight board (15) on the other side. At the near center of the body, there is a _horizontal slide set (31), I. The movable part of the horizontal slide set (3 1) is provided with a clamp (30). The fixture (3〇) can be used to clamp the workpiece (40) to be processed. There is also a standing M 7 on the machine and close to the fixture (30). The paper size is applicable to the national standard (CWb) A4 specifications (21〇X 297 public love ^-452524 employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs) Printed by the consumer cooperative A7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (Rotary type sliding group 20), the movable part is provided with a grinding wheel (21), and the grinding surface of the grinding wheel (21) can be moved to the workpiece (40). The surface to be machined so that the surface of the workpiece (40) can be ground. In addition, the vertical slide group (ii) which can adjust the position of the lens (1 3), the vertical slide group (2 and the adjustable workpiece (40)) which can adjust the amount of the grinding wheel (2 1). The water-smooth block group (3i) can automatically control its feeding or adjust its position by a control mechanism in cooperation with computer equipment. The image measurement method of the present invention and when implemented on a surface grinder 'will have the following characteristics: 1 · Because the workpiece to be processed does not have to be removed from the work platform, direct measurement can reduce the error caused by the removal and placement of this part, to obtain a more accurate processing size β 2. Measure the characteristics of the reference point area so that the measurement reference point can be quickly found after moving the workpiece. 3. Because the size of the workpiece is often larger than that of the single day image, the edge coordinates of multiple single day surfaces must be integrated, and The reference frame obtained by moving the screens can be provided by the Erzuo platform, so that it can be accurately integrated into a complete working size. 4. It can measure the relationship between the size of the workpiece and the ability to measure the edge of the workpiece at high speed. Control system conversation Ability to transfer the obtained target size, moving coordinates and the obtained data size back to the main system, to help the system make the decision-making information. 8 This paper size applies the national standard (CNS) A4 specification < 210 X 297 mm) 11 --- ---- I! -----! | Order ----· Line (谙 Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)