A7 B7 五、發明說明（1 ) 本發明係有關於一種具有主動充電狀態偵測能力之充 電系統，尤其有關於一種利用模糊控制理論（Fuzzy-Controlled，FC)具有主動充電狀態偵測能力之模糊快速充 電系統。 閲 讀 背 面 之 注 意 事 項 再 填 寫 本 頁 由於電腦與各類傳輸系統的快速發展，使得各種可攜 式電子產品皆朝向輕、薄、短、小的方向設計，以符合攜帶 方便的需求。而對於可攜式電子產品如手機、數位相機、與 筆記型電腦而言，二次電池更是其主要的電能來源》而二次 電池中的鋰離子電池由於具有高能量密度、無記憶效應、與 不會造成環境污染（如鎳鎘電池會造成鎘污染）等優點，因 此成為較廣為接受的二次電池。此外，基於環保考量及政府 的即定政策，電動車在未來將會大量地被使用。所以一個能 準確估測出電池充電狀態並能快速充電的充電系統是有其 必要性。 傳統上對電池充電狀態的偵測方法概述如后： (一） 開路電壓法：其是直接量測電池的開路電壓來估測 電池所儲存的電能量，此方法最為簡便，也最多人採用，基 也是最為不準確的偵測方法。 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消費合作杜印製 (二） 庫倫計量法：其是對電池充電電流取積分以得到輸 入到電池之電能量，進而估算出電池所儲存之電能量。此方 法的缺點為其準確度會隨電池的使用次數之增加而減少。 (三） 電壓梯度法及溫度梯度法：此方法是量測電池電壓 及溫度之變化來判定電池是否充飽，但其無法很正確估測電 池充電過程中電池所儲存的電能量。且溫度梯度法並無法適 本紙張尺度適用中國圉家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 * 297公釐） 451512 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消t合作社印製 五、發明說明（2 ) 用於鋰離子電池及鋰聚合物電池。 另一方面，關於傳統上對電池充電的方法概述如后： (一） 定電流充電：其是以一定電流對電池充電，當電池 充飽時立即切段充電電流《•此種充電方法速度非常快，但常 常會因誤判電池未充滿而產生過充電的現象，嚴重影響電池 的使用壽命。 (二） 定電壓充電：其是以一定電壓對電池充電，其對電 池的充電電流會隨電池所儲存之電能量之增加而減少。當 電池充滿時，其對電池的充電電流也會降為零，所以定電舉 充電不會有過充電的問題。此種充電方法是最安全的一種充 電方式’所以市面上的充電系統大多採用定電壓充電，但其 缺點就是充電時間太長。 (三） 多段式充電：其將電池的充電過程區分為幾個不同 的充電狀態，每個不同的充電狀態分別選定一特定電壓或電 流值來對其充電。所以此種充電方式一般而言都會優於前述 兩種充電方式。但此方法存在一些問題，諸如電池的充電過 程應區分為幾個不同的充電狀態，以及每個不同充電狀態應 用多大的電壓或電流來對電池充電等等。 由以上可知，傳统上對電池充電狀態的偵測方法，以 及對電池充電的方法均有其限制與檢討改進之必要。 有鑑於此，本發明的主要目的，在於提供一種新的充 電狀態偵測方法來準確判斷電池的充電狀態》其偵測方式係 直接加一直流參考電壓在電池兩端，來量測電池所吃（sink) 的電流大小來估測電池的充電狀態。並依據此估測的充電狀 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 * 297公釐） -------—_——ο 裝--------訂---------MUI (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印黎 12 A7 _____ B7 五、發明說明（3) 態利用模糊推論方式得到一適切之充電電流，進而縮短電池 的充電時間及避免過充電的發生》 從理論上來說，電池在定電壓充電下，電池充得越飽 表示其内部電能轉化學能的反應越趨於飽和，所以電池所吃 的電流越小。而在實際上，一些文獻上也可發現此現象。這 意謂電池充得越飽電池所吃的電流越小的現象可用來判別 電池的充電狀態。本文即利用此特性來建構主動式充電狀態 偵測器，其並不像傳統的偵測方法，被動地偵測充電過程的 一些參數值（如：溫度、電流、電壓）來估測電池充電狀態》 而是主動地提供一定電壓源加在電池兩端，此時電能 轉化學能反應的激烈程度可由電池所吃的電流反應出來，電 能轉化學能反應越激烈代表電池待充電能量越大，也就是電 池所儲存電能量還很小，所以量測其電流值就可以估測電池 充電狀態。 本發明另一目的在提供一種模糊推論的方法來決定出 最適切的充電電流，進而縮短充電時間》 根據上述之目的，本發明提出一種模糊快速充電系 統，具主動充電狀態偵測能力，包括：一待充電電池組，包 括一充電輸入端；一切換開關，包括一切換輸出端、一第一 輸入端、一第二輸入端、一第三輸入端和一第四輸入端，該 切換輸出端在該第一輸入端、該第二輸入端、該第三輸入端 和該第四輸入端之間做切換，且該切換輸出端耦合至該充電 輸入端；一定電流源，提供一定電流，並包括一定電流接點， 該定電流透過該定電流接點做輸出，且該定電流接點耦合至 5 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) ! — ！！u··'、裝 i—^---------WI. /rps (猜先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 451512 A7 ^ _ B7 i、發明說明（4 ) 該第一輸入端；一定電壓源，包括一開路電壓偵測接點與一 充電電流偵測接點，該開路電壓偵測接點耦合至該第二輸入 端，該充電電流偵測接點耦合至該第三輸入端，該定電壓源 並提供一開路電壓與一偵測電流輸出；一電流/電壓轉換 器，將該開路電壓轉換成一開路電壓數位值，將該偵測電流 轉換成一偵測電流數位值；一模糊控制器，將該開路電壓數 位值與該偵測電流數位值轉換成一充電電流數位值；一模糊 控制電流裝置，將該充電電流數位值轉換成一模糊充電電 流，並包括一模糊充電接點，該模糊充電電流透過該模糊充 電接點做輸出，該模糊先電接點耦合至該第四輸入端；以及 一時基產生器，提供一切換時脈至該切換開關。 本發明並提出一種模糊快速充電方法，具有主動充電 狀態偵測能力，該方法包括下列步驟：（a)主動施加一參 考電壓於一待充電電池組，以評估該待充電電池組的充電狀 態；（b)利用一時基產生器產生一切換時脈，該切換時脈 由一偵測週期與一充電週期所组成；（c)利用該偵測週期， 量測該待充電電池组的一開路電壓與一偵測電流；（d )評 估該開路電壓是否等於一最大充電電壓，或該偵測電流是否 小於等於一最小充電電流，若真，則至步驟h，反之，進行 下一步驟；（e)利用該開路電壓與該偵測電流來評估該待 充電電池組内的充電量是否小於一額定比例，若真則至步驟 g，反之，進行下一步驟；（f)根據該開路電壓與該偵測電 流，利用一模糊控制電流裝置推論出一模糊控制電流，以在 該充電週期内對該待充電電池組進行充電，之後回至步驟 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準<CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐〉 (請先明讀背面之注^|^項再填寫本頁) -裝--------訂----. 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消t合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 A7 —__Η__ 五、發明說明（5 ) c: (g)利用一定電流源所提供之一定電流，在該充電週期 内對該待充電電池組進行充電，之後回至步驟c;以及（h) 結束對該待充電電池組的模糊快速充電步驟。 為使本發明之上述目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂， 下文特舉一較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如 下： 圈式之簡單說明： 第1圖為本發明具主動充電狀態偵測能力之模糊快速 充電系統之系統方塊圊； 第2A圖為本發明具主動充電狀態偵測能力之模糊快 速充電系統的工作機制流程圖； 第2B圊為本發明具主動充電狀態偵測能力之模糊快 速充電系統的工作模式狀態囷； 第2C圊為本發明具主動充電狀態偵測能力之模糊快 速充電系統的工作遇期圖； 第3A圊為在傳統上對電池以CC與CV模式切換的充 電等效電路囷； 第3B圊為本發明具主動充電狀態偵測能力之模糊快 速充電系統的等效電路圈； 第4圖為第3A圖與第3B囷此二系統的充電電流對時 間的關係圖， 第5圖為本發明FC-ASCD中FLC 16的方塊囷； 第6A囷為本發明模糊快速充電系統所採取充電策略 的隸屬函數輸入模糊變數的隸屬函數圖； 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） I---— Jill· — Irv^- ills— ^-1----I — <請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 ^ 4515 12 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6 ) 第6B圖為本發明模糊快速充電系統所採取充電策略 的隸屬函數輸入棋糊變數的隸屬函數圖； 第6C囷為本發明模糊快速充電系統所採取充電策略 的隸屬函數輸出模糊變數的隸屬函數圓； 第7A圖為FC充電系統當m=0.2時的充電曲線的3D Y-mesh 圖； 第7B圖為FC充電系統當m=0.5時的充電曲線的3D Y-mesh 圖： 第7C圖為FC充電系統當m=0.8時的充電曲線的3D Y-mesh 圖； 第8圖為CM模式下的充電電流（⑴，以及在SM模式 下的偵測電流Ui)關係圊； 第9A围為本發明FC-ASCD系統設計實例的系統方塊 歯j， 第9B圏本發明FC-ASCD系統設計實例模糊控制的時 間控制流程圖； 第10圖為本發明FC-ASCD系統設計實例中鋰離子電 池組内剩餘待充電量與偵測電流ί;(〇的關係圓； 第11Α圖為本發明FC-ASCD 100的充電效能與一般充 電系統之充電電量對充電時間關係圖； 第11Β圖為本發明FC-ASCD 100的充電效能與一般充 電系統之充電電量對偵測開路電壓％⑴與充電電壓vc⑺關 係圖；以及 第11C囷為本發明FC-ASCD 100的充電效能與一般充 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱) 1---------- 裝-------- 訂·！丨· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 451512 經濟却智慧財產局霣工消费合作杜印樂 A7 B7 五、發明說明（7 ) 電系統之為/:⑴的充電曲線。 符猇說明： 10〜定電壓源；12〜定電流源；14〜電流/電壓轉換器； 16〜模糊控制器；18〜模糊控制電流源；20〜時基產生器；22〜 切換開關；24〜鋰離子電池組：50〜定電壓源；52〜定電流源； 53〜類比數位轉換器；54〜電流/電壓轉換器；56〜模糊控制 器；57〜數位類比轉換器；58~模糊控制電流源：60〜時基產 生器；64〜鋰離子電池組；1〇〇〜FC-ASCD ; 221〜定電流充電 工作模式；222〜開路電壓偵測工作模式；223~定電壓充電電 流偵測工作模式：224〜模糊控制電流充電工作模式；301〜 傳統在系統切入CV模式後的充電曲線；302〜本發明在系統 切入FC-ASCC模式後的充電曲線：303〜在對電池進行定電 流充電後欲切換至另一模式的切換點；621〜第一切換開關； 以及622〜第二切換開關。 實施例： 為便於說明，在以下實施例中，係以本發明運用在手 機中的鋰離子電池组進行說明，惟目的僅在於便於瞭解該方 法之内容，非用以限制本方法之使用對象。 糸统架構 在對鋰離子電池組進行充電時，常使用定電壓 (Constant-Voltage，CV )或定電流（Constant-Current，CC ) 的技術。在CC模式下，欲充滿電池量的75〜80%通常需花 費整個充電週期的25〜40% ;而在切換到CV模式後，剩下 20〜25%的電量則需三倍於CC模式的時間長度以將電池充 ί 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公* ) - — — ιΙΙΊΙΙ^ΙΧ ^ 1111111 ·11 — {請先《讀背面之注意事項再瑱窝本頁) 4 S 1 5 12 A7 B7 五、發明說明（8) 滿。在本發明中，利用模糊控制理論的技術，以一具有主動 充電狀態读測器（active state-of_charge detector’ ASCD) 來取代傳統的CV模式。 (請先«讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 第1圖為本發明實施例之具主動充電狀態偵測能力之 模糊快速充電系統之系統方塊圖。如第1圖所示，本發明具 主動充電狀態偵測能力之模糊快速充電系統（Fuzzy-Controlled Charge System with Active State-of-Charge Detector’以下簡稱FC-ASCD) 100可隨時偵測鋰離子電池 組24的充電狀態，並適當的切換充電模式以達到最佳的充 電效率。如圖所示，此系統主要包含鋰離子電池組24、多 對一之切換開關22、提供控制時脈之時基產生器20、以及 環繞在切換開關22之輸入端的定電壓源1〇、定電流源12、 電流/電壓轉換器14、模糊控制器16以及模糊控制電流源 18。其中FC-ASCD 100中的模糊控制電流源18(如2^_ controlled current source，FCCS)可適應性地提供適當的電 流給電池進行充電。FC-ASCD 100在安全充電區域（safe-charge-area ’ SCA)内工作時包括具模糊控制策略的偵測工 作模式（sense mode，SM)與充電工作模式（charge mode， CM) « FC-ASCD 100系統架構如第1圖所示，其中工作模式 的選擇是由切換開關所決定。其中該系統由四種工作模式組 合而成’分別為定電流充電工作模式221 ( constant current mode ’以下簡稱CC模式）、開路電壓偵測模式222 ( open voltage detector mode，以下簡稱〇VD模式）、定電壓充電 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 4 5 t 5 1 2 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印紫 A7 B7 五、發明說明（9) 電流摘測模式 223 ( constant voltage charge detector mode， 以下簡稱CCD模式）和模糊電流充電工作模式224 ( fuzzy controllable charge current mode，以下簡稱 FCCC 模式）。 顧名思義’偵測工作模式是用來偵測電池的充電狀態 (state-of-charge )，而充電工作模式是用來對電池充電。 FC-ASCD 100工作機制如第2A圖所示，其工作模式狀態圖 如第2B圖所示。系統首先於待充電池組（在此為手機用鋰 離子電池組）兩端主動施加一參考電壓源，而後先後分別切 換至OVD模式222及CCD模式223，以分別量測出電池的 偵測電流值以〇及開路電壓值v』r)，並依所得的〗⑴與v。⑺來 判斷電池的充電狀態。若電池的充電量尚未達75妬，則繼 績以CC模式221充電；反之，則切換至FCCC模式224下 充電。當在FCCC模式224下時，模糊控制電流源會依據電 池的充電狀態，推論出最適合電池的充電電流。在經過一段 充電時間7；後，系統會再切換至〇VD模式222與CCD模式 223，以重新偵測^⑺與17。⑴值。如此週而復始的執行上述流 程直到電池充飽為止。值得注意的是’偵測時間[遠小於充 電時間7：。也就是說，系統瞬間偵測出電池的待充電能量， 接著以此量來決定電池充電電流的大小並持續對電池充一 段時間。接著又瞬間偵測出電池的待充電能量。如此遇而復 始，直到電池充滿。 模糊控制方式, 第3A圖為在傳統上對電池以與模式切換的充 電等效電路圖；而第3B圈為本發明pC_ASCD 100充電系統 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 297公釐） -------Μ--J---^ i r 裝------ <請先《讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) —訂--- 開路電魘興袭 A7 B7 五、發明說明（10) 的等效電路圖’其中可看出傳統CV模式已被FC-ASCC模 式所取代’使系統能在安全工作區域内執行偵測或充電工作 模式。第3A圖與第3B圓此二系統的充電電流對時間的關 係圖如第4圖所示》第4圖可清楚的看出在cc模式時二者 的充電效能幾乎相同’但當電池的電能量在CC模式下充達 75%時系統切入另一模式後’可清楚看出fc_ascC棋式充 電曲線302的充電速度要比cv模式充電曲線3〇1要來的快 的多。其中在傳統在CV模式下與本發明fc-ASCD 100在 CM模式下的充電電流i;(i)可以下式表示： 興rr分別表示充電電壓 離子電池組的内部串聯電阻。第3B圖中在ccd模式23 心期間内的感測電流匕⑺在當Vc⑺=4.2V時可以下式表示 训=〒 (2) 需注意第2式僅在心期間内〇VD模式222下當vfl(〇 4.2V時成立。再者’雖然第2式中的4會隨溫度變化而改變 但此影響可被量得的ί,(ί)包含在内，因此本發明FC_ASC 1〇〇並無溫度效應的考量《當系統測得（⑺與v。⑺後，可 此為依據來提供給電池在CM模式下的充電期間I最適當 充電電流zc(i)。其中FCCS 18所提供的ς⑴可以下-式表示 l'c(0 = /〇s(〇,V0(〇) (3) 其中/(·)為FLC的函數。由於鋰離子電池組所能承 的最大充電電壓為4.25V，因此Vc⑺被限制在： ----- 12 本紙張尺度適用中國因家標準（CNS>A4規格（210 X 297公爱) --- (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本頁) II I! I I 訂 ------ i.MV. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消f合作社印製A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) The present invention relates to a charging system with active charge state detection capability, and more particularly to a fuzzy method using fuzzy-controlled (FC) with active charge state detection capability. Fast charging system. Read the notes on the back and then fill out this page. Due to the rapid development of computers and various transmission systems, various portable electronic products are designed to be light, thin, short, and small to meet the needs of portability. For portable electronic products such as mobile phones, digital cameras, and notebook computers, secondary batteries are the main source of electrical energy. "Lithium-ion batteries in secondary batteries have high energy density, no memory effect, And it will not cause environmental pollution (such as nickel-cadmium batteries will cause cadmium pollution) and other advantages, so it has become a widely accepted secondary battery. In addition, based on environmental considerations and established government policies, electric vehicles will be used in large quantities in the future. Therefore, a charging system that can accurately estimate the state of charge of the battery and can charge quickly is necessary. The traditional methods for detecting the state of charge of a battery are summarized as follows: (1) Open-circuit voltage method: It is a direct measurement of the open-circuit voltage of a battery to estimate the electrical energy stored in the battery. This method is the simplest and most commonly used. It is also the most inaccurate detection method. Printed by DuPont, Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and co-production. (2) Coulomb measurement method: It integrates the battery charging current to obtain the electric energy input to the battery, and then estimates the electric energy stored in the battery. The disadvantage of this method is that its accuracy decreases with the number of times the battery is used. (3) Voltage gradient method and temperature gradient method: This method measures the battery voltage and temperature changes to determine whether the battery is fully charged, but it cannot accurately estimate the energy stored in the battery during the battery charging process. Moreover, the temperature gradient method is not suitable for this paper. The Chinese standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 * 297 mm) is applicable. 451512 A7 B7. Printed by the Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (2) Used in lithium-ion batteries and lithium polymer batteries. On the other hand, the traditional method of charging the battery is summarized as follows: (1) Constant current charging: It charges the battery with a certain current, and cuts the charging current immediately when the battery is full. This charging method is very fast Fast, but often overcharged due to misjudgment of the battery is not fully charged, which seriously affects the battery life. (2) Constant voltage charging: It charges the battery at a certain voltage, and its charging current to the battery will decrease with the increase of the electric energy stored in the battery. When the battery is fully charged, its charging current to the battery will also drop to zero, so there will be no overcharging problem when charging with a fixed power. This charging method is the safest charging method. So most charging systems on the market use constant voltage charging, but the disadvantage is that the charging time is too long. (3) Multi-stage charging: It divides the charging process of the battery into several different charging states. Each different charging state selects a specific voltage or current value to charge it. Therefore, this charging method is generally superior to the two charging methods described above. However, there are some problems with this method, such as the battery charging process should be divided into several different charging states, and how much voltage or current should be used to charge the battery in each different charging state. From the above, it is known that the traditional methods for detecting the state of charge of the battery and the methods for charging the battery have their limitations and the need for review and improvement. In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a new method for detecting the state of charge to accurately determine the state of charge of a battery. The detection method is to directly add a DC reference voltage across the battery to measure the battery consumption. (Sink) current to estimate the state of charge of the battery. Based on this estimate, the paper size of this paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 * 297 mm) ---------_—— ο Installation -------- Order- -------- MUI (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Yin Li, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs 12 A7 _____ B7 V. Description of the invention (3) State obtained by fuzzy inference An appropriate charging current, thereby shortening the battery charging time and avoiding overcharging. In theory, the battery is charged at a constant voltage, the more full the battery is, the more its internal electrical energy is converted to chemical energy. So the less current the battery consumes. In fact, this phenomenon can also be found in some literatures. This means that the more the battery is full, the less current it consumes, which can be used to determine the state of charge of the battery. This article uses this feature to construct an active charging state detector. Unlike traditional detection methods, it passively detects some parameters of the charging process (such as temperature, current, and voltage) to estimate the battery charging state. 》 Instead, a certain voltage source is proactively applied to both ends of the battery. At this time, the intensity of the electrical energy to chemical energy reaction can be reflected by the current consumed by the battery. That is, the electric energy stored in the battery is still very small, so measuring its current value can estimate the battery charging state. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of fuzzy inference to determine the most appropriate charging current, thereby shortening the charging time. According to the above purpose, the present invention proposes a fuzzy fast charging system with an active charging state detection capability, including: A battery pack to be charged includes a charging input terminal; a switch includes a switching output terminal, a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal, and a fourth input terminal, and the switching output terminal Switching between the first input terminal, the second input terminal, the third input terminal, and the fourth input terminal, and the switching output terminal is coupled to the charging input terminal; a certain current source provides a certain current, and Including a certain current contact, the constant current is output through the constant current contact, and the constant current contact is coupled to 5 paper standards applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm)! —! !! u ·· ', install i — ^ --------- WI. / rps (guess first read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 451512 A7 ^ _ B7 i. Description of the invention (4) The first Input terminal; a certain voltage source, including an open-circuit voltage detection contact and a charging current detection contact, the open-circuit voltage detection contact is coupled to the second input terminal, and the charging current detection contact is coupled to the first Three input terminals, the constant voltage source provides an open circuit voltage and a detection current output; a current / voltage converter converts the open circuit voltage to an open circuit digital value, and converts the detection current into a detection current digital value A fuzzy controller that converts the open circuit voltage digital value and the detected current digital value into a charging current digital value; a fuzzy control current device that converts the charging current digital value into a fuzzy charging current and includes a fuzzy charging interface Point, the fuzzy charging current is output through the fuzzy charging contact, the fuzzy first electric contact is coupled to the fourth input terminal; and a time base generator provides a switching clock to the switching switch. The invention also proposes a fuzzy fast charging method with active charging state detection capability. The method includes the following steps: (a) actively applying a reference voltage to a battery pack to be charged to evaluate the charging state of the battery pack to be charged; (B) using a time base generator to generate a switching clock, which is composed of a detection period and a charging period; (c) using the detection period to measure an open circuit voltage of the battery pack to be charged And a detection current; (d) evaluating whether the open circuit voltage is equal to a maximum charging voltage, or whether the detection current is less than or equal to a minimum charging current, if true, go to step h, otherwise, go to the next step; (e ) Use the open circuit voltage and the detection current to evaluate whether the amount of charge in the battery pack to be charged is less than a rated ratio. If true, go to step g, otherwise, proceed to the next step; (f) According to the open circuit voltage and the Detect the current and use a fuzzy control current device to infer a fuzzy control current to charge the battery pack to be charged during the charging cycle, and then return to the step of the paper Zhang scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard < CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the back ^ | ^ before filling out this page) -Install -------- Order --- -. Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by the Cooperative Cooperative, printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed A7 —__ Η__ V. Description of the invention (5) Charge the battery pack to be charged during the charging cycle, and then return to step c; and (h) end the fuzzy fast charging step of the battery pack to be charged. In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious It is easy to understand. The following is a detailed description of a preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings, which are described in detail as follows: Brief description of the circle type: Figure 1 is a system of a fuzzy fast charging system with active charging state detection capability according to the present invention. Box 圊; Figure 2A is a flowchart of the working mechanism of the fuzzy fast charging system with active charging state detection capability of the present invention; Figure 2B is a working mode state of the fuzzy fast charging system with active charging state detection capability of the present invention 囷; 2C 圊 based Invented the working expiry chart of fuzzy fast charging system with active charging state detection capability; Section 3A 圊 is a charging equivalent circuit that traditionally switches the battery between CC and CV modes; Section 3B 圊 is the invention with active charging Equivalent circuit loop of fuzzy fast charging system with state detection capability; Figure 4 shows the relationship between charging current and time of Figure 2A and Figure 3B, and Figure 5 is FLC 16 in FC-ASCD of the present invention. 6A 囷 is the membership function diagram of the fuzzy function input of the membership function of the charging strategy adopted by the fuzzy fast charging system of the present invention; this paper scale applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) I- --- Jill · — Irv ^-ills— ^ -1 ---- I — < Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative, Bureau of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 4515 12 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) FIG. 6B is a membership function graph of the membership function of the charging strategy adopted by the fuzzy fast charging system of the present invention. FIG. 6C 囷 is a membership of the charging strategy adopted by the fuzzy fast charging system of the present invention. function Membership function circle outputting fuzzy variables; Figure 7A is a 3D Y-mesh diagram of the charging curve of the FC charging system when m = 0.2; Figure 7B is a 3D Y-mesh diagram of the charging curve of the FC charging system when m = 0.5. Figure: Figure 7C is the 3D Y-mesh chart of the charging curve of the FC charging system when m = 0.8; Figure 8 is the relationship between the charging current (⑴, and the detection current Ui in SM mode) in the CM mode 圊9A is a system block of the FC-ASCD system design example of the present invention (j, 9B) is a time control flowchart of fuzzy control of the FC-ASCD system design example of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a design example of the FC-ASCD system of the present invention The relationship between the remaining charge capacity and the detection current in the lithium-ion battery pack is (circle; Figure 11A is a graph showing the relationship between the charging performance of the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention and the charge capacity of a general charging system versus the charging time; Figure 11B The figure is the relationship between the charging performance of the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention and the charging capacity of the general charging system versus the detected open circuit voltage% ⑴ and the charging voltage vc⑺; and the 11C 囷 is the charging performance of the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention and the general charging 8 This paper size applies to Chinese National Standards (CNS ) A4 specifications (210 X 297 public love) 1 ---------- installed -------- order ·!丨 · (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 451512 Economic and Intellectual Property Bureau Industrial and Consumer Cooperation Du Yinle A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) The charging curve of the electric system is /: ⑴. Fu 猇 Description: 10 ~ constant voltage source; 12 ~ constant current source; 14 ~ current / voltage converter; 16 ~ fuzzy controller; 18 ~ fuzzy control current source; 20 ~ time base generator; 22 ~ switch; 24 ~ Lithium-ion battery pack: 50 ~ constant voltage source; 52 ~ constant current source; 53 ~ analog digital converter; 54 ~ current / voltage converter; 56 ~ fuzzy controller; 57 ~ digital analog converter; 58 ~ fuzzy control Current source: 60 ~ time base generator; 64 ~ lithium-ion battery pack; 100 ~ FC-ASCD; 221 ~ constant current charging working mode; 222 ~ open voltage detection working mode; 223 ~ constant voltage charging current detection Working mode: 224 ~ fuzzy control current charging working mode; 301 ~ traditional charging curve after the system cuts into CV mode; 302 ~ charging curve after the system cuts into FC-ASCC mode: 303 ~ constant current charging of the battery Later, the switching point to switch to another mode; 621 to the first switching switch; and 622 to the second switching switch. Example: For the convenience of description, in the following examples, the lithium-ion battery pack used in the present invention will be described, but the purpose is only to facilitate the understanding of the content of the method, not to limit the use of the method. System architecture When charging a lithium-ion battery pack, constant-voltage (CV) or constant-current (CC) technology is often used. In CC mode, 75 ~ 80% of the battery charge usually takes 25 ~ 40% of the entire charging cycle; after switching to CV mode, the remaining 20 ~ 25% of the power needs to be three times that of CC mode. The length of time to charge the battery. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 male *)---ιΙΙΊΙΙ ^ Ιχ ^ 1111111 · 11 — {Please read the precautions on the back before writing the book (Page) 4 S 1 5 12 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8) Full. In the present invention, the technology of fuzzy control theory is used to replace the traditional CV mode with an active state-of_charge detector 'ASCD. (Please read «Read the precautions on the back before filling out this page>> Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Figure 1 is a system block diagram of a fuzzy fast charging system with active charging state detection capability according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the present invention's Fuzzy-Controlled Charge System with Active State-of-Charge Detector '(FC-ASCD) 100 can detect lithium ions at any time. The charging status of the battery pack 24, and the charging mode is appropriately switched to achieve the best charging efficiency. As shown in the figure, this system mainly includes a lithium-ion battery pack 24, a many-to-one switch 22, and a timing for providing control clocks. Base generator 20, and constant voltage source 10, constant current source 12, current / voltage converter 14, fuzzy controller 16, and fuzzy control current source 18 surrounding the input of changeover switch 22. Among them in FC-ASCD 100, The fuzzy control current source 18 (such as 2 ^ _ controlled current source, FCCS) can adaptively provide the appropriate current to charge the battery. The FC-ASCD 100 is in the safe-c area When working in harge-area 'SCA), it includes detection mode (SM) and charge mode (CM) with fuzzy control strategy «FC-ASCD 100 system architecture is shown in Figure 1, where The selection of the working mode is determined by the switch. The system is composed of four working modes: 'constant current charging' mode 221 (constant current mode), and open-circuit voltage detection mode 222 (open voltage detector mode (hereinafter referred to as 0VD mode), charging at a constant voltage 10 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 4 5 t 5 1 2 Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Purple A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9) Constant voltage charge detector mode (hereinafter referred to as CCD mode) 223 and fuzzy controllable charge current mode (FCCC mode) as its name implies. The test working mode is used to detect the state-of-charge of the battery, and the charging working mode is used to charge the battery Electrically. FC-ASCD 100 of mechanism as shown in FIG. 2A, FIG its operating mode state as shown in Figure 2B. The system first actively applies a reference voltage source at both ends of the battery pack to be charged (here, a lithium-ion battery pack for mobile phones), and then switches to OVD mode 222 and CCD mode 223, respectively, to measure the detection current of the battery respectively. The value is 0 and the open circuit voltage value v′r), and according to the obtained value ⑴ and v. Let's judge the charging status of the battery. If the battery charge has not reached 75 jealousy, it will continue to charge in CC mode 221; otherwise, it will switch to FCCC mode 224 to charge. When in FCCC mode 224, the fuzzy control current source will infer the charging current most suitable for the battery based on the state of charge of the battery. After a period of charging time 7 ;, the system will switch to 0VD mode 222 and CCD mode 223 again to detect ^ ⑺ and 17 again. Threshold. This process is repeated until the battery is fully charged. It is worth noting that the detection time [is much shorter than the charging time 7 :. In other words, the system detects the energy to be charged of the battery instantaneously, and then determines the amount of battery charging current by this amount and continues to charge the battery for a period of time. Then, the battery's energy to be charged is detected instantly. This continues until the battery is fully charged. In the fuzzy control mode, Figure 3A is the traditional equivalent circuit diagram of charging the battery with mode switching. Circle 3B is the pC_ASCD 100 charging system of the present invention. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 297). Li) ------- M--J --- ^ ir equipment ------ < Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) --Order --- Open Circuit A7 B7 V. Equivalent Circuit Diagram of Invention Description (10) 'It can be seen that the traditional CV mode has been replaced by the FC-ASCC mode' to enable the system to perform detection or charging work modes in a safe working area. Figures 3A and 3B show the relationship between the charging current and time of the two systems as shown in Figure 4. "Figure 4 clearly shows that the charging performance of the two systems is almost the same in the cc mode." When the energy reaches 75% in CC mode, the system switches to another mode. It can be clearly seen that the charging speed of fc_ascC chess charging curve 302 is much faster than that of cv mode charging curve 301. Among them, the charging current i in the CV mode and the fc-ASCD 100 of the present invention in the CM mode is conventional; (i) can be expressed by the following formula: X rr represents the internal series resistance of the charging voltage ion battery pack, respectively. In Figure 3B, the sensed current during the 23-cardiac period in ccd mode can be expressed as follows when Vc⑺ = 4.2V. (2) Please note that the second formula is only in the heart period. VD mode 222 is vfl (〇4.2V is true. Furthermore, although 4 in the second formula will change with temperature changes, this effect can be measured by including ί, (ί), so FC_ASC 100 has no temperature in the present invention. Consideration of the effect "When the system measures (⑺ and v. ⑺, this can be used as a basis to provide the battery with the most appropriate charging current zc (i) during the CM mode charging period. Among them, the ⑴ ⑴ provided by FCCS 18 can be reduced -The formula represents l'c (0 = / 〇s (〇, V0 (〇) (3) where / (·) is a function of FLC. Because the maximum charging voltage that a lithium-ion battery pack can withstand is 4.25V, Vc⑺ Limited to: ----- 12 This paper size is in accordance with Chinese standards (CNS > A4 size (210 X 297 public love)) --- (Please read the note on the back before filling this page) II I! II Order ------ i.MV. Printed by Cooperatives, Staff of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs
4 6 t 5 1 S A7 B7 五、發明說明（11) vc_4.25V (4) 由第1式與第2式可得知在CM模式下的充電電流z 為： :(0^ 4.25-v0(〇 5 Αν 結合第2式與第5式可得： 0.05 ^(0 ⑹ 經濟部智慧财產局貝工消费合作杜印製4 6 t 5 1 S A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11) vc_4.25V (4) From the first and second formulas, the charging current z in the CM mode is:: (0 ^ 4.25-v0 ( 〇5 Αν Combining Equation 2 and Equation 5 can be obtained: 0.05 ^ (0 制 Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperation, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs
第6式為在安全充電考量下的設計參考值，以決定FLC 的隸屬函數（membership function)。本發明 FC-ASCD 1〇〇 中FLC 16的方塊圏如第5圖所示，其中輸入變數為電池端 電壓νβ⑴的數位值％。，以及電流&⑺的數位值％,;而輪出 變數為充電電流匕⑺的數位值/^。其中心、A與為刻度 參數’會隨電池串並聯的個數不同而調整。因此只要針對單 一顆電池來決定隸屬函數及控制規則，如此即可適用於任何 串並聯的電池組。 首先’輸入變數iVVe和A經由A：v和A調整為#，ve和 。接著模糊器（Fuzzifier )將輸入變數轉為模 构變數，並將此模糊變數傳送給推理引擎（Inference Engine)。而後推理引擎依據内建的規則庫（rule library) 所訂定的控制規則推論出一輸出模糊變數。接著解模糊器 (Defuzzifier )將該輸出模糊變數轉成一明確輸出值；， 最後將此放大&倍成為心，並將&送至FCCS 18，隨 後FCCS 18將轉成一最適當的充電電流輸出。 本系統所採取充電策略的隸屬函數如第6A、6B、6C 13 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格<210 X 297公釐） ------I ! I __f 裝--------訂· __ /1,. ’ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) AU. A7 B7 五、發明說明（12) 圖所示。第6A圖為輸入模糊變數JVVe的隸屬函數，其中有 兩個語意變數Small和Big分別由兩個梯形所描述；而其模 糊區間定在4.1至4.2V之間，其原因為大部分充電法則將 充電終止電壓設在4.2V。第6B圖為輸入模糊變數的隸 屬函數，其中有三個語意變數SmaU、Middle和Big，Middle 是由三角形所描述，而Small和Big是由兩個梯形所描述， 其隸屬函數是採正規分佈。第6C圖為輸出模糊變數％。的隸 屬函數，其中有三個語意變數Small、Middle和Big，分別 由三個單極（singleton)所描述’其主要原因是此種隸屬函 數計算量小，因此易於微處理機中實現。 本發明FC-ASCD 100的模糊控制規則概述如后： 規則一：當νβ(ί)很小時（意即ν„⑺且，代 表電池的帶充電能量還很大，此時充電系統要用大電流對電 池充電，以加快電池充電連度。此時規則為： IF v0(〇 is Small THEN ic(t) is Big, (R.l) 規則二：當v。⑺很大時（意即v0(i>24.1V且且 也很大時（意即且iVj7册）’代表電池的待 充能量仍然很大，因此需在CM模式下以大電流對電池充 電，以加速充電速度（意即/,(〇=/_且^此時規則 為： - IF vc(/) is Big AND is(t) is Big THEN ic(t) is Big. (R,2) 規則三：當va(〇很大時（意即V。⑴24·ΐν且且 I,⑴為祕iW/e (意即且00/^JV，即/〇 ，代表電池 > 14 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ί請先flfltl背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 敦 ----^—^! Λν. 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 451512 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（13) 的待充能量已非很大，因此需在CM模式下以中電流對電池 充電，以加速充電速度（意即且\=义）。此時規 則為： IF v0(/) is Big AND !；(〇 is Middle THEN ic(t) is Middle(K.3) 規則四：當νβ(ί)很大時（意即v。(的4.1V且JVv 且 i,(J)為 Small (意即 is(t) S Q.5，Ι·X OQHSNt, S7FH )，代表電池 的待充能量已非常小’因此需在CM模式下以小電流對電池 充電’以避免過充現象（意即ie(〇 = 0.01，/max且\ =03// )。此 時規則為： IF v„(〇 isB/gAND is(t) is small THEN ic(t) is Small. (R.4) 上述本發明FC-ASCD 100的模糊控制規則如第1表所 示。 糸统設计老詈 完整的充電時間Γ和隸屬函數值m是設計本發明 FC-ASCD 100最重要的考量因素。充電時間r包括偵測時 間7；和充電時間7；。而在7；時間内SM模式下有兩個偵測點； 意即在時間7；内偵測νβ(〇，以及&内偵測（⑺。充電時間7；用 來對鋰離子電池組在CM模式下進行充電。偵測時間7；主要 由模糊控制機制所決定，且該段時間也遠比充電時間7；還來 的小。為了方便設計與說明，在此假設Γξ 7；。因此在每個充 電時間Γ内，在鋰離子電池組内所增加的電荷△仏可由下式 表示： △Κ,(Ο.Γ (7) 其中〇)是當時在FCCS所減少的充電電流。由 15 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公|έ ) {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 tr---------Λυ, 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 4 5 15 12 Α7 Β7 五 、發明說明（14) 於（,(0在免電時間r内 d^Qn .— ~ΓΊ 值 (8) 因此’在鋰離子電池組内所增加的開路電壓加。可由下 幾乎為一固定電流，故可得： 式表示： (9) 其中<^在鋰離子電池組内的等效電容，單位以法拉表 示。由第7式到第9式可得： (1〇) 由於在充電時間Γ内所減少的充電電流不盡相同， 因此全部所累積的電荷量Δρ可由下式表示： Δ0=ΣΔδΒ=Γ·Σ^ (π) n-l 其中/?為在CM模式下的充電電流總數。因此鋰離子 電池組在ρ·Γ的時間内，全部電壓的增加值可由下式表 示： (12) 在安全充電的前提考量下，電池在充電狀態下所施加 的充電電壓不可超過4.25 V。因此，在充電狀態下最後的電 <請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -C裝 tr---------ο 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 壓增加值為=νβ(ρΓ) —42，由此可得 Δν叩 <0.05V· 由第10式和第13式可得： h ϋ<0·05· 由第14式可估計全部的充電時間Γ為： 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準<CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） (13) (14) 451512 A7 B7 五、發明說明“51¾ T<^f^ (15) 為了方便分析，在此就後述實際電路為例來描述系統 設計考量。FC充電系統充電曲線的3DY-mesh圖如第7A、 7B與7C圖所示，其分別表示m=0.2、m=0.5與m=0.8三種 充電情況。由圖中可發現，當在CC模式時該三圖的充電曲 線皆相同，但在FC-ASCC模式時不同的m值就有不同的充 電曲線6對於各不同的m值，CM模式下的充電電流， 以及在SM模式下的偵測電流同時描繪於第8圈。其中 需注意，在CM模式下m值正比於所需充電電流u〇。再者， 在FC-ASCC模式下當m=0.5時，充電曲線與一般CV模式 下的相同。而當m<0.5時，FC-ASCC模式下的充電電流比 CV模式下的要小，但當m>〇.5時結果則正好相反。因此為 了要增快充電速度，m>0.5是對本發明FC-ASCD 100較佳 的選擇。然而為了安全充電的考量，最大的充電電流必須受 第6式的限制。藉由描繪第6式於第8圖中，可輕易的決定 m值的大小，圖中陰暗區域即為設計的安全區域。 系统設针竇例 在此以兩個待充電的鋰離子電池組（Panasonic CGR 18650)串聯=2和〜=1)來說明。因此最終與可允許的 最大充電電壓分別為8_4V (4.2V/電池）或8.5V(4.25V/ 電池）。為了安全充電的考量，最大與最小充電電流與 U 分別訂 0.5A (意即 /max=0.5A=0.37C )與 5mA (意即 /min=0.01 /max=0.〇〇37C ) ’其中101.35A為串聯電池的比例 充電電流。本發明FC-ASCD 100的系統方塊圓與模糊控制 17 本紙張反度適用中0國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (諸先閲讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) -ο裝 • ϋ ϋ 訂·· i I H 1 I ό 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 451512 A7 B7 第15式7^為： ^ 0.05,3060 306秒 五、發明說明（16) 的時間控制流程分別如第9A、9B圖所示。該系統包括定電 壓源50(8.4V)、定電流源52C0.5A)、類比數位轉換器 53( ADC0804)、微處理機54( 8位元微處理機EM78447B)、 模糊控制器56、數位類比轉換器57 (DAC0800)、模糊控 制電流源58、時基產生器60、第一切換開關621、第二切 換開關622、以及裡離子電池組64。令& = 〇_5、& = 1、& = 1， 藉由實驗可得知電池的等效電容約為Q = Δβ^/Δν^ « 3060F，而 内部電阻/；*〇39Ω »因為最大充電電流（=/max=〇.5j，因此根據 0i — (16) 依據此設計規割，選擇Γ=70秒。而包括偵測Ui)、vW) 和模糊推論的偵測時間約為7； =1也；所以充電時間為 2；=68也。再由第6式可知在CM模式下當（《039Ω的允許充 電電流為： ⑴+ 0.128 A (17) 根據第17式，在呔設計下的適當充電電流如第8囷中 陰暗區域所示。圖中可清楚的看出m的最大值不可超過 0.74，因此在此選擇m=0.7當作設計基準。鋰離子電池組中 剩餘待充電量與偵測電流的關係囷如第10圖所示，由圖 中可看出偵測電流(待充電量成反比；意即，如果偵測 電流/〆〇很大時，電池中的剩餘待充電量則很小。因此藉由 量測偵測電流，即可獲知電池中的待充電量。第11A、 11B、11C圖為本發明FC-ASCD 100的充電效能與一般充電 系統之比較。圖中實線部分為本發明的模糊控制充電系統， 18 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公* ) I--I--：------裝-----！1 訂._! {請先Η讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 4515 12 A7 B7 五、發明說明（17) 虚線部分則為一般充電系統。第11A圖為充電電量對充電 時間關係圖；第11B圖為充電電量對偵測開路電壓V〆/)與充 電電壓vc(〇關係圈，第1、1B圖中可清楚的看出開路電壓在電 池快充滿前比充電電壓還要低；第11C圖為（(f)的充電曲 線。尤以上可明顯的看出，在ic(i)達到之前0.01C，FC-ASCD 的充電電流遠大於CV模式下的充電電流。因此本發明模糊 快速充電系統與一般充電系統的充電時間分別為243分鐘 和280分鐘。因此本發明FC-ASCD 100將充電效率約提升 了 23% 〇 本發明雖以一較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限 定本發明’任何熟習此項技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和 範圍内’當可做些許的更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍 當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 (锖先閲讀背面之生意事項再填寫本頁> 裝--------訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產局員Η消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱)Equation 6 is a design reference value under consideration of safe charging to determine the membership function of the FLC. The block 圏 of the FLC 16 in the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 5, where the input variable is the digital value% of the battery terminal voltage νβ⑴. , And the digital value% of the current & 而, and the turn-out variable is the digital value of the charging current ⑺ / ^. Its center, A, and scale parameters will be adjusted according to the number of batteries connected in series and parallel. Therefore, as long as the membership function and control rules are determined for a single battery, it can be applied to any series-parallel battery pack. First, the input variables iVVe and A are adjusted to #, ve, and A via A: v and A. The fuzzifier then converts the input variable into a model variable and transmits the fuzzy variable to the inference engine. Then the inference engine infers an output fuzzy variable according to the control rules set by the built-in rule library. Then the Defuzzifier converts the output fuzzy variable into a clear output value; finally, this magnification & times becomes the heart, and sends & to the FCCS 18, then the FCCS 18 will be converted into a most appropriate charge Current output. The membership functions of the charging strategy adopted by this system are as follows: 6A, 6B, 6C 13 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications < 210 X 297 mm) ------ I! I __f Pack- ------ Order · __ / 1 ,. '(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) AU. A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) Figure. Figure 6A shows the membership function of the input fuzzy variable JVVe. Two semantic variables Small and Big are described by two trapezoids. The fuzzy interval is set between 4.1 and 4.2V. The reason is that most charging laws will The charge termination voltage is set at 4.2V. Figure 6B shows the membership functions of the input fuzzy variables. There are three semantic variables SmaU, Middle, and Big. Middle is described by triangles, while Small and Big are described by two trapezoids. Their membership functions are normal distributions. Figure 6C is the output fuzzy variable%. There are three semantic variables, Small, Middle and Big, which are described by three singletons, respectively. The main reason is that this kind of membership function has a small amount of calculation and is easy to implement in a microprocessor. The fuzzy control rules of the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention are summarized as follows: Rule 1: When νβ (ί) is very small (meaning ν „⑺, and represents that the charging energy of the battery is still very large, at this time, the charging system uses a large current Charge the battery to speed up the battery charge. The rule at this time is: IF v0 (〇is Small THEN ic (t) is Big, (Rl) Rule 2: When v.⑺ is large (meaning v0 (i > 24.1V and when it is very large (meaning iVj7 book) 'represents that the battery's energy to be charged is still very large, so it is necessary to charge the battery with a large current in the CM mode to accelerate the charging speed (meaning /, (〇 = / _ ， ^ At this time, the rules are:-IF vc (/) is Big AND is (t) is Big THEN ic (t) is Big. (R, 2) Rule 3: When va (〇 is big (meaning That is V. ⑴24 · ΐν and I, ⑴ is the secret iW / e (meaning 00 / ^ JV, ie / 〇, which represents the battery) 14 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 Mm) ί Please fill in the notes on the back of flfltl before filling out this page} Dun ---- ^ — ^! Λν. Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives, Bureau of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Economic Affairs, 451512 Α7 Β7 5. Waiting for the description of the invention (13) Recharge It is not very large, so it is necessary to charge the battery with a medium current in the CM mode to accelerate the charging speed (meaning and \ = meaning). At this time, the rule is: IF v0 (/) is Big AND!; (〇is Middle THEN ic (t) is Middle (K.3) Rule 4: When νβ (ί) is large (meaning v. (4.1V and JVv and i, (J) is Small (meaning is (t) S Q.5, I · X OQHSNt, S7FH), which means that the battery's energy to be recharged is very small, 'so the battery needs to be charged with a small current in the CM mode' to avoid overcharging (meaning ie (0 = 0.01, / max and \ = 03 //). At this time, the rule is: IF v „(〇isB / gAND is (t) is small THEN ic (t) is Small. (R.4) The above-mentioned blur of FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention The control rules are shown in Table 1. The complete charging time Γ and the membership function value m of the conventional system design are the most important considerations in designing the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention. The charging time r includes the detection time 7; and the charging Time 7; and at 7; time, there are two detection points in SM mode; that is, time 7; internal detection νβ (〇, and & internal detection (⑺. Charging time 7; used for lithium Ion battery pack is charged in CM mode . 7 detection time; mainly determined by the fuzzy control mechanism, and also the period of time than the charging time 7; also be small. For the convenience of design and explanation, it is assumed here that Γξ 7 ;. Therefore, during each charging time Γ, the added charge Δ 仏 in the lithium-ion battery pack can be expressed by the following formula: △ K, (0.Γ (7) where 0) is the charging current reduced in FCCS at that time. 15 paper sizes are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 male |) {Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Install tr --------- Λυ, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Shelley Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau 4 5 15 12 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (14) Yu (, (0 d ^ Qn within the power-free time r. — ~ ΓΊ value (8) Therefore 'in lithium-ion batteries The increased open-circuit voltage in the group is added. It can be almost a fixed current from the following, so we can get: (9) where < ^ the equivalent capacitance in the lithium ion battery pack, the unit is expressed in Farads. Equation (9) can be obtained as follows: (1) Since the charging currents reduced during the charging time Γ are different, all the accumulated charge amounts Δρ can be expressed by the following formula: Δ0 = ΣΔδΒ = Γ · Σ ^ (π ) nl where /? is the total charging current in the CM mode. Therefore, in the time of ρ · Γ for a lithium-ion battery pack, the total voltage increase can be expressed by the following formula: (12) Under the premise of safe charging, the battery The charging voltage applied in the charging state must not exceed 4.25 V. Therefore, the final power < please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) -C equipment tr --------- ο The printed value increase of the employee consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs = νβ (ρΓ) —42, From this, Δν 叩 < 0.05V · can be obtained from Equations 10 and 13: h ϋ < 0 · 05 · From Equation 14 the total charging time can be estimated Γ is: This paper size applies the Chinese national standard < CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) (13) (14) 451512 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention "51¾ T < ^ f ^ (15) For the convenience of analysis, the actual circuit described below is taken as an example to describe the system Design considerations. The 3DY-mesh diagram of the charging curve of the FC charging system is shown in Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C, which represent three types of charging conditions: m = 0.2, m = 0.5, and m = 0.8. From the figure, it can be found that when the The charging curves of the three figures in CC mode are all the same, but different m values in FC-ASCC mode have different charging curves. 6 For each m value, the charging current in CM mode, and the charging current in SM mode. The detection current is also plotted on the eighth circle. It should be noted that in the CM mode, the value of m is proportional to the required charging current u. Furthermore, in the FC-ASCC mode When m = 0.5, the charging curve is the same as that in general CV mode. When m < 0.5, the charging current in FC-ASCC mode is smaller than in CV mode, but the result is exactly the opposite when m > 0.5. Therefore, in order to increase the charging speed, m > 0.5 is a better choice for the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention. However, for the sake of safe charging, the maximum charging current must be limited by Formula 6. By plotting Formula 6 in Figure 8, you can easily determine the value of m. The dark area in the figure is the safe area of the design. Example of setting the sinus in the system Here, two lithium-ion battery packs (Panasonic CGR 18650) to be charged are connected in series = 2 and ~ = 1). Therefore, the final and allowable maximum charging voltages are 8_4V (4.2V / battery) or 8.5V (4.25V / battery). For the sake of safe charging, the maximum and minimum charging currents are set to 0.5A (meaning /max=0.5A=0.37C) and 5mA (meaning /min=0.01 /max=0.〇〇37C) respectively. A is the proportional charging current of the battery in series. The system square circle and fuzzy control of the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention 17 National paper (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) is applicable to the inversion of this paper (please read the note on the back before filling this page)- ο Install • ϋ ϋ Order ·· i IH 1 I ό Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 451512 A7 B7 Formula 15 7 ^: ^ 0.05,3060 306 seconds V. Time Control of Invention Description (16) The flow is shown in Figures 9A and 9B. The system includes constant voltage source 50 (8.4V), constant current source 52C0.5A), analog-to-digital converter 53 (ADC0804), microprocessor 54 (8-bit microprocessor EM78447B), fuzzy controller 56, digital analog The converter 57 (DAC0800), the fuzzy control current source 58, the time base generator 60, the first changeover switch 621, the second changeover switch 622, and the internal ion battery pack 64. Let & = 〇_5, & = 1, & = 1, by experiment we can know that the battery's equivalent capacitance is about Q = Δβ ^ / Δν ^ «3060F, and the internal resistance /; * 〇39Ω» Because the maximum charging current (= / max = 0.55j, according to 0i — (16) according to this design rule, choose Γ = 70 seconds. The detection time including detection Ui), vW) and fuzzy inference is about 7; = 1 also; so the charging time is 2; = 68 also. From Equation 6, it can be seen that in the CM mode, (the allowed charging current of 039Ω is: ⑴ + 0.128 A (17) According to Equation 17, the appropriate charging current under the design of 呔 is shown in the dark area in 囷. It can be clearly seen in the figure that the maximum value of m cannot exceed 0.74, so m = 0.7 is selected here as the design basis. The relationship between the remaining charge capacity and the detection current in the lithium-ion battery pack is shown in Figure 10, It can be seen from the figure that the detection current (the amount to be charged is inversely proportional; that is, if the detection current / 〆〇 is large, the remaining amount to be charged in the battery is very small. Therefore, by measuring the detection current, You can know the amount of charge in the battery. Figures 11A, 11B, and 11C show the comparison of the charging performance of the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention with a general charging system. The solid line in the figure is the fuzzy control charging system of the present invention. The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 male *) I--I-: ------ installation -----! 1 order._! {Please read the first Please note this page, please fill in this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4515 12 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (17) The part is a general charging system. Figure 11A is the relationship between the charge amount and the charging time; Figure 11B is the charge amount pair detection of the open circuit voltage V〆 /) and the charging voltage vc (0, the circle is shown in Figures 1 and 1B. It is clear that the open-circuit voltage is lower than the charging voltage before the battery is fully charged; Figure 11C shows the charging curve of ((f). In particular, it can be clearly seen that before ic (i) reaches 0.01C, FC- The charging current of ASCD is much larger than the charging current in CV mode. Therefore, the charging time of the fuzzy fast charging system and the general charging system of the present invention is 243 minutes and 280 minutes respectively. Therefore, the FC-ASCD 100 of the present invention improves the charging efficiency by about 23% 〇 Although the present invention is disclosed as above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention to “any person skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention,” as a slight modification and retouch, so The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the attached patent application. (锖 Please read the business matters on the back before filling in this page > Loading -------- Order --------- -Member of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperative This paper applies system-scale Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 male love)