TW448653B - Sever structure supporting client's terminal equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a server structure realizing supporting program execution for a portable workstation. The server structure at least includes a storage module storing multiple application programs controlled by the portable workstation; a communication module capable of converting a function operation to a data packet; a transmission module responsible for transmitting the data packet forwarded by the communication module via a network system to the portable workstation; and the driver of the simulation equipment that is located in between the application programs and communication module and is used to intercept the function operation of the application program controlled by the portable workstation for further sending the function operation to communication module. Moreover, the driver of the simulation equipment is also used to receive the control signal transmitted from the portable workstation and through the communication module, making the application program to acquire a correct input action.

Description

448653

V. Description of the Invention (1) 5-1 Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a servo architecture that supports user terminal equipment, and particularly relates to a servo architecture that implements support for graphical user terminal equipment on a Windows operating system platform. 5-2 Background of the Invention: In a network system, the computer responsible for managing the entire network operation, the computer that provides system software resources is called a file server, and the computer that provides printing capabilities is called a printer server. , Collectively known as bamboo clothes. In addition to the server, the other computers connected to this network system are called clients. The client usually uses the application software in the file server to run 'so it does not need a hard disk drive or only = Need a small amount of storage space because the application and operating system are both on the server. But some client computers can also run independently—some software ’or stand-alone software that does n’t require a connection to other computers. First, in the Windows operating environment, 'when we use the function of dynamic data DDE), the resources of an application are put into the / / /' Geng into (Γ double into another application style 'application that is responsible for receiving resources is also called For the client, ^ σ and (cl ient appl cation) should be used, and the phase two private server application that controls the data source is the server application. In addition, a portable client is usually sighed thin c ] ipn +, it is a Ray ent J chest system that narrows the computer to a portable range, usually

448653 V. Description of the invention (2) There are the largest laptops (laptops), currently popular notebook computers (110 ± 6130〇10), and smaller notebook computers (51 ^ 11〇). (6) Three types. The thin client support has been implemented in the Windows NT Terminal Server version. 'Terminal Server provides powerful computing power' can execute various Windows programs on it, and the thin client acts as a graphical terminal to display program execution results. Although In this way, this function is generally not available on the more commonly used Windows operating system, so for most homes and small offices, the Windows operating system is mostly used, and it is not possible to use various graphical terminals based on Windows. Implementing the servo architecture, that is, supporting the graphical user terminal equipment on the Windows operating system. The present invention supports thin client devices on virtual operating systems such as virtual graphics cards and graphics communication protocols on the windows operating system, enabling home and small Office can use the short, thin and powerful wireless or &5; 3 Purpose and Summary of the Invention: Examine the many shortcomings of the traditional feeding architecture in the background of the invention mentioned above. The present invention provides a graphical user terminal device support in Windows operating system. With its servo architecture, the company can use a short but powerful wireless or wired graphic terminal on the original Windows operating system.

448653 Five 'Description of the invention (3) Another object of the present invention is to realize the support of the expandable client device on the Windows operating system platform. The portable client can control the linudws application on the feeding end, so that various complex WindOws programs can be "executable" on the joijui-type client, which is a lightweight but computing power blanket. According to the above = purpose, the present invention Provides a way to achieve portable work: supporting the execution of programs, this servo architecture contains at least .f sub f 5 ί f stores a number of applications controlled by the portable workstation ΐίπ ：： ί '其 将 — Functional operation is converted into-data packet; one transmission =, the data packet sent by the communication module is transmitted through the-network between the application program and the communication module door * backup drive * device-controlled by its station Function of the application program: Intercepting from the portable work station and receiving the correct input from the portable device via the communication module—control letter 1 to make the application program 5-4 schema simple Explanation: The first picture shows the message transmission between the Servo II spinning system and the portable workstation. The second picture is the block diagram of the graphic display redirection of the embodiment of the present invention-roll cage 5 picture + month 1. A boudoir of the invention _ 杳 fourth picture The block diagram of the audio operation redirection column of the present invention; the fifth figure is the block diagram of the control signal redirection of the present invention; the τ. 1 20 series agreement structure diagram of the embodiment; 448653 5. The invention description (4) The sixth figure is the present invention An overall block flowchart of an embodiment; a seventh diagram is a system architecture of a multipoint communication connection according to an embodiment of the present invention; an eighth diagram is an output program flowchart of an analog device driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention; The ninth figure is an input program flowchart of an analog device driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Representative symbols of the main parts: 20 display driver 22 low-level display driver (VDD) 24 hardware abstraction layer (HAL) 26 Direct Draw / 3D 28 Graphic interface application 30 Character interface application 32 Graphic display interface 34 Graphic capture interface 36 Audio device driver 38 Low-level audio driver 40 Win32M6 application 42 DOS application 44 Di rectSound 46 Application 48 Input interface

448653 V. Description of the invention (5) 50 Keyboard driver 5 2 Mouse driver 100 Portable workstation 110 Server 2 0 0 Virtual display driver 202 Virtual audio driver 204 Virtual input driver 20 9 Protocol module 210 Graphics communication protocol 212 Audio communication protocol 214 Control signal communication protocol 220 Transmission protocol module 2 2 2 Input device 224 Input driver 226 Client transmission protocol module 228 Client communication protocol module 230 Display driver 232 Audio driver 234 Display Equipment 236 Audio equipment 5-5 Detailed description of the invention: An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the first to ninth figures as follows

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5. Description of the invention (6). However, in addition to the detailed description, the present invention can also be widely implemented in other embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is not limited, and the subsequent scope shall prevail. Please refer to the above drawings to match the detailed description of this embodiment. First, please refer to the first figure, which shows that the present invention implements a portable workstation on a WindOws operating system platform! 〇〇 device support. That is, an ordinary personal computer running the Windows operating system is used as a server and 1 (), and a user terminal (for example, a portable computer) of Niu Xiaoqing is used as a portable workstation 100, and they are wired or wireless between them. Network card connection. ^ ^ Workstation 1 00 can pass control signals to server J 丨 〇 to control the server. 丨 Run various Windows applications, server. 1〇 Compared with the portable workstation 100, it has strong computing power and can execute Complex procedures. Then, the server 1 10 redirects the functional operations performed by the program to the output device of the portable workstation 100 through the network device between the virtual device program and the portable workstation 100, so that the portable device However, various complex WindOws programs are "executable" on portable workstations with weak computing capabilities. Before entering the overall architecture of this embodiment, first introduce the features of this embodiment in order, that is, the graphic display redirection , Audio operation redirection, control number redirection, and modified τ. 丨 2 〇 series of communication protocols. From the second, it can be seen that the Windows operating system on the server side is responsible for displaying the display driver for the operation display hardware. 20, the underlying display The driver (VDD) 22 and more abstraction layer (HAL) 2 4 will be replaced by the virtual display driver 2000 of this embodiment. Because the daggers will operate the display hardware, the real display hardware is not the only one. Replace them with a virtual display driver 2000. The virtual display driver should obtain a graphical interface application 28 or a character interface should

448 65 3 V. Description of the invention (7) After the graphic operation of the display interface 32, these # are passed to the graphic communication for conversion into a transmissible M 2 210 which can be processed by a virtual ton. It is worth noting that the character graphic display program is directly transmitted by the program 200. After the character is displayed, the graphic capture interface 34 is used for transmission. The virtual display driver is not a program, but PseUd〇 VD_pseud〇 HAL Sanguo If you do not need to support Dlrect Draw / 3D 26, you can

Pseudo 〇 Pseudo display driver The driver does not have all the interface with the upper software. All operations from the upper software. Pseudo VDD is used to replace VjD. The main function of VDD in the original system is to support the display of the DOS program of the dos screen character interface. In the present invention, the DOS program of the character interface is not displayed, and only the Do window is supported. In Virtual VDD, the display of the full-screen character interface is supported to display DOS windows. Second, for some applications that have audio operations, redirect these audio operations from the server to the user. The third audio operation redirection block diagram is to perform operations on audio hardware devices (such as the 'audio device driver sequence 3 6, the underlying audio driver hardware abstraction layer 2 4) and replace it with a virtual audio driver 2 02. The driver 202 is mainly used to intercept all audio operations controlled by the client. For example, the operation of the Win32 / 16 application program 40 on the audio sequence 36 and the hardware abstraction layer 24, and the DOS application program does not really perform graphic operations. The display operation does not need to be converted into a pseudo part. Ignoring will provide ordinary ’to get the window and full screen in the original system to support full screen display. Therefore, at the same time, it is necessary that each part of the work shown in the figure is a program 38 and a device driver 42 of the virtual audio driver application.

Page 10 " 448653 Five 'Invention Note (8)' --- 1 η: The operation 'will all be performed by the virtual audio driver 202 2 1 2. It is also expected that you will switch to a transmissible audio operation and hand it over to the audio communication protocol. 辟 老The program and the underlying audio driver. -Α ί: 5:? Refer to the fourth figure, which is the control signal of this embodiment. The control signal mentioned in the court refers to the keyboard U work from the user terminal. These operation signals come from the user terminal and are sent to the application 46 running on the server. Audio operations are redirected & but the basic principle is the same. The keyboard or mouse device on the user side is used by the user to send control signals to the running application 46, such as pressing a key or moving the mouse. These actions will be obtained by the keyboard / mouse driver on the user side. The mouse driver transmits these control signals to the client's communication protocol, and then transmits to the server's control signal protocol through a series of conversions. 2] 4 s server-side control signal protocol 21 4 Unpacks the control signals to the virtual Input driver 2 0 4 and then virtual input driver 2 0 4 provides support to input interface 4 8 (keyboard / mouse interface) so that the application can get correct keyboard / mouse operation. The virtual input driver of this embodiment Program 2 04 is used to replace the original keyboard driver 50 and mouse driver 52. Immediately afterwards, the communication protocol used in the present invention is a key part. Its main function is to send various The operation is converted into a data packet according to the agreement and transmitted to other devices on the network through the network. At the same time, the data packet from the bottom layer is decompressed and becomes corresponding. The action is passed to the correct processing I side 448653 V. Description of the invention (9)

unit. The available communication protocols are T.120, XU, RDp, ICA, etc. Because τ.120 is relatively easy to modify and there are certain documents to consult, this embodiment uses T.120, which is based on T.120. It is rewritten to form a communication protocol suitable for use in the present invention. It can be seen from the fifth figure that the τ.20 series of protocols can be roughly divided into two parts, one is the underlying architecture, which includes the fi fixed network transmission protocol) and T. 1 22 (multipoint communication service). Module; the other is with the application! The protocol module group of serial interface communication includes T, m (still image transmission protocol), T. 127 (file transmission protocol) and audio transmission protocol. τ 123 is at the lowest level. It is responsible for network data transmission, which is different in different network environments. T.122 provides multi-point communication services to enable different users to coordinate with each other to ensure the accuracy and correctness of sending and receiving data packets. T. 126 is a static image transmission protocol, which not only provides a transmission protocol for ^ images, but also includes a round-trip agreement. For image transmission, on the feeding side, it receives image operations from 2 programs, packages them according to the agreement, and then transmits them down: The user knows that the received agreement package will be interpreted as I, A plant * acre Christ ^ s Decompress the display driver into ^ and then fax only the display driver sequence. 27. 1 27 is a document passed to say that 疋 ’originally existed in the T’ 1 20 agreement series. In the present invention, it will not be adopted in consideration of transmission. The audio transmission protocol is an input protocol in the present invention, which is responsible for audio transmission.疋 Do not post new month, please refer to the sixth picture, 纟 is the picture, which combines the above-mentioned graphic display redirection structure control signal redirection and the modified '罘 重 疋 向, Yi Junqi 1' 1 20 糸Communication protocol

448 65 3 V. Description of invention (ίο) ° This system architecture diagram can be divided into two parts, which are portable working end 100. The present invention 100 supports a server 1 i 0 for program execution. It stores a portable client 100 'such as a graphical interface application, a word program, a Win32 / 16 application, etc. · It does not include a graphic communication protocol or audio protocol.' The protocol module 209 is used for packetization or decompression. A data packet from the transmission protocol protocol group 009 passes through the working end 100. Transmission protocol module 2 20 Transmission protocol and specific network transmission protocol. The network used to send the packet (such as a public telephone network or a local area network). Point '~ is the server end 丨 i 〇, the other is a way to achieve the portable work-end architecture at least includes:-a plurality of applications controlled by the storage module 7 4 6 interface application, D0S application 1-communication protocol Module 209, which converts communication protocols and control signals to communication protocols—function operations are converted into a data setting module 2 2 0, which is responsible for transmitting communications from a network system to a portable, including its lowest-level specific The multi-point communication service transmission system on the upper layer of the network can be a wired network system, etc. or a wireless network system (such as the server server 110 further includes an analog device driving device, that is, the above-mentioned virtual program 200, virtual The audio driver 202 and the virtual input driver 4 ′ are located between the application 46 and the communication protocol module 20 9 to block the function operation panel from the application controlled by the portable terminal 100. Ϊ Ϊ This function operation is transmitted to the communication protocol module 209. In addition, this module = driver Pei Zhi can also be used to receive a control signal from the portable work terminal 100 and 噔 β ^ flood protocol module 209, so that Application 46 &. Paternity to input a correct operation of the portable working end 1㈣ comprises at least an input device such as a keyboard or mouse

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2 for 22. ’-It ’s coming :: The application program sends out a keyboard / mouse input 2 J-driver 224, which receives a turn-in action like a turn-by device, and uses Λ to convert to a control signal. -Client-side transmission protocol module The data packets transmitted from the server and used to transmit the data packets are sent to the server 11 via the network system. — Client-side communication: ϋ i Γ2δ: It is used to decompress the client-side transmission protocol module 226 and ι, and convert it into functional operations for transmission to a pilot program 230 or audio driver 232 and It is displayed / played via a display device 234 or a frequency device 236. The client communication protocol module m can also receive a control signal from the input driver 224, convert it into a control signal data packet, and send it to the client transmission protocol module 226. In other words, as the above-mentioned functional operation is a graphic operation, the virtual display driver 200 of the server ii 〇 will intercept the graphic operations of all the applications controlled by the portable working end 100 through the graphic display interface 32, and Graphics operations are passed to the graphics protocol. The graphic communication protocol then converts the graphic operation into a protocol data packet and transmits it to the transmission protocol module 2 2 0. The transmission protocol module is responsible for transmitting the data packet to the portable client. The graphic protocol of the portable client will The data packet is decompressed and turned into a graphics operation, which is transmitted to the display driver 230 of the portable workstation, so that the display device 2 3 4 of the portable workstation can display the correct graphics. As the above-mentioned functional operation is audio operation, the virtual audio driver 202 will block all audio operations from the application controlled by the portable workstation 丨 〇〇, and convert it into a transferable audio operation to the audio Communication protocol. The audio communication protocol then converts these operations into data packets ’and transmits them to the portable worker through the transmission protocol module 2 2 0 and the network.

Page 14 448653 V. Description of the invention (12) The voice-cheek communication protocol of the terminal 100 converts the data packet into a driver for real audio; the audio protocol of the audio terminal of the portable terminal. Take out high-quality sounds to make your hair sound—bKAjil can also be used at the same time. It can be seen from Figure VII that the number of copies established by the servo and the heart-shaped work end corresponds to T, m on the T.123 end of the data transmission of the work-able end. While office / each ^ is working with portable

-^ t τ ^ ^ ^ Λ Λ7Λ 20 m ^ ί " J to implement a server-side to multiple portable work ':: To make it easier to construct, the following iiJ: 篦 篦:? The output device virtual driver has a similar structure. The following figure will be used to illustrate their program flow. The virtual device phase of the input device to control the signal is shown in Figure 9. In the early morning, use the ninth figure to wish the bottom right = the simulation device driver sequence shown in the t figure at least includes: = use 3 to receive the second application of the application to the device in the execution ::: two ' !! After the pre-processing, it is converted into a protocol acceptable operation :! Co-f: For example: the operation performed by the graphic display interface] ^ ϊ file. The preprocessing is performed first, and the desired and ending positions are converted into absolute positions on the screen. The interface is then converted into a data structure acceptable to the graphics protocol. will

Page 15 448653 V. Description of the invention (13) After the structure is completed, it is transmitted to the graphic communication protocol. Another example is to transfer from the graphic display interface to change the default line type of the day line. It only needs to be completed by software. You can save the transferred line type into the default line type variable, and you no longer need to send it to the graphic communication protocol. The input method of the analog device driver shown in Figure 9 includes at least the following steps: in the first year, receiving control signals and data from the communication protocol; then using related software to simulate an input / output port and putting data into it ; Finally, the control signal is notified by an analog interrupt signal to an upper layer 5 and a standby interface 'let the upper layer device interface read the data in the input / output port. For example: a key press action and the scan code of this key are sent from the server. The keyboard virtual driver first puts the scan code into the input / output port of the soft key simulation, and then issues a software simulation interrupt to the upper keyboard interface. Signal, then end, the upper keyboard interface will automatically read the code in the port. The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of patent application for the present invention; all other equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit disclosed by the present invention shall be included in the following Within the scope of patent application.

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Claims (1)

448653 -—. Scope of patent application 1 * One way to implement the grammar architecture to a storage application; —air communication —transmission by —network system simulation device, use this function to operate the device driver and install the communication module to transmit actions. Six pairs of portable modules contain less, and more modules, which are only transmitted to the backup driver and intercepted from the device. A control workstation that can also be used for this device is stored with For carrying, the portable function operates a servo architecture for receiving signals to support program execution, and the plurality of portable workstation-controlled operations can be converted into a data packet; the data packet transmitted by the communication module passes through the workstation Above; and the operation of the application program controlled between the application program and the communication module workstation is transmitted to the communication module, and the simulation is passed through, so that the application sequence can get a round 2. If the patent is applied for The range workstation includes at least: a servo architecture of the staff, in which the above-mentioned portable application program issues the input device, which takes turns; /, is used to convert an input driver to a control signal that is operating; and it receives The input action and the input action is a client-side transmission wedge set on the servo architecture; &# 制 signal data packets pass through the network system Information module, which is used to decompress the user data packet and is used to transmit the user-side transmission module I received from the verbal architecture. Page 17 448653 6. Scope of patent application _? The data packet comes from, and it is converted into this function operation, the driver / audio driver and display via a display / audio device: until it comes out, the client communication module can also receive the input driver =: Control letter [and convert it into the control signal number of the client transmission module ° find 3e to the use 3 for the patent application scope! The servo architecture of the above item, wherein the backup driving device includes at least a virtual display driving module. For the proposed α, please refer to the servo architecture of the third item of the patent, in which the above-mentioned virtual display driver set includes at least a virtual display driver (pseud di driver). 5 The structure of item 3 in the scope of the patent application, as described above, in which the above-mentioned virtual display "drive mode, and at least the virtual underlying display driver (pseu ^ 〇v0D) 6", such as the scope of the patent application in item 3 The servo architecture includes the above-mentioned "virtual display" driving mode, and at least includes a virtual hardware abstraction layer (pseut ^ 〇haL). 7 From the top • 〇f Please refer to the third scope of the patent, the servo architecture includes a graphic display interface Between the Hai Hai application program and the virtual display driver module. 8. If the servo architecture of the first scope of the patent application, the above-mentioned simulation device Section 18 Stomach — 448 6 5a · VI. Scope of Patent Application The prepared driving device contains at least a virtual audio driver. 9 If the patent application applies to the servo architecture of the drive unit to the small item, the above-mentioned simulation setup includes a virtual turn-in driver. 1 0. If a patent application is applied, the servo structure of the virtual input μ around item 9 further includes an input interface between the automatic program and the application program. 1 1 · If you apply for a patent, apply a servo architecture of at least 4 to 8 items, among which are the multiple I 3 graphics interface applications described above. 1 2. Shikou stated that the Nannan application program to the small spoon of Qianwei's first servo architecture, in which the above multiple y dagger application program with character interface. 1 3. If applying for the exclusive benefit of & 1 application $ 1, the servo structure of item 1, where the above-mentioned plural 7 contains the DOS application program. 1 4. Shi 0 Shen Han Kui 4, the application of the servo architecture of the first range of Gu Li, where the above multiple " contains at least Win32 / 16 applications. The group shall at least subscribe to the servo architecture of the first item of the monthly range of t ', where the above-mentioned communication mode V includes the T. 120 communication protocol. 1 β ± tj Shenmu .4 The servo architecture of the 15th scope of the patent, among which τ.12〇 448653 mentioned above 6. The scope of patent application The communication protocol includes at least the static graphics communication protocol. 1 7. The servo architecture according to item 15 of the scope of patent application, wherein the above T · 120 communication protocol includes at least an audio communication protocol. 18. If the servo architecture of item 15 of the scope of patent application, the above-mentioned T. 120 communication protocol includes at least a file transmission communication protocol. 1 9. The servo architecture according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the above communication module includes at least the XI 1 communication protocol. 2 〇 If the servo architecture of the first scope of the patent application, the above communication module contains at least the RDP communication protocol. 2 1. If the servo architecture of item 1 of the patent application scope, the above communication module contains at least the ICA communication protocol. 22. As described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the above transmission module includes at least a specific network transmission protocol. 2 3. The servo architecture according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the above transmission module includes at least a multipoint communication service transmission protocol. 24. If the structure of the patent application scope item 23 can be served by the multi-point communication Page 20 厶 48 65 3 VI. Scope of Patent Application The service transfer agreement establishes a connection with at least one of the portable workstations. 2 5. The servo architecture according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the above-mentioned functional operations include at least graphic operations. 2 6. The servo architecture according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the above-mentioned functional operations include at least audio operations. 2 7. The servo architecture according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the above-mentioned network system includes at least one wired network system. 28. For the servo architecture in the scope of patent application No. 27, the above-mentioned wired network system includes at least a public telephone network (PSTN). 29. If the servo architecture of the scope of patent application No. 27, the above-mentioned wired network system includes at least a local area network (LAN). 30. The servo architecture according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the above-mentioned network system includes at least one wireless network system. 31. The servo architecture according to item 30 of the patent application scope, wherein the above wireless network system includes at least a satellite network. 3 2. If the servo structure of the first scope of the patent application, the above input motion Page 21 448653 ---- The scope of the patent application includes at least the input action described in the input action of the system keyboard (systeffl keyb〇ard) 33. The servo architecture as described in the scope of the patent application, the above-mentioned at least includes the mouse (m 〇use) Input operation. = · If the servo architecture of item i in the scope of patent application, which includes at least voice input actions. The input of ^ is as the servo structure of the first scope of the patent application, which runs on the personal computer of the W oil system. If the application is dedicated to the second workstation, it is a portable computer-/ 、 中The output of the portable 37. analogue communication device driver described above includes the following steps: a method that receives at least one function operation of an application program; and uses related software to complete the function operation and software operation, otherwise it is in the After processing, the operation can be transmitted to the communication protocol. Converted into a communication protocol acceptable operation 38, such as the method in the scope of patent application No. 3 ?, the device driver device contains at least a virtual display driver: 10 analog communication Page 22 ^ 448 65 3 VI. Scope of patent application 39. For the method of the 37th scope of patent application, the above-mentioned analog communication device driver includes at least a virtual audio driver. 40. The method according to item 37 of the patent application, wherein the above-mentioned application program includes at least a graphical interface application program. 41. The method according to item 37 of the scope of patent application, wherein the above-mentioned application program includes at least a character interface application program. 42. The method of claim 37, wherein the above-mentioned applications include at least DOS applications. 43. The method of claim 37 in the scope of patent application, wherein the above-mentioned applications include at least Win32 / 16 applications. 44. The method of claim 37 in the scope of patent application, wherein the above-mentioned functional operations include at least graphic operations. 45. For item 37 of the scope of patent application, the above-mentioned functional operations include at least audio operations. 46. For the method of applying for the scope of patent No. 37, the above-mentioned communication protocol includes at least T, 120 graphic communication protocols. 448653 Shen Qi's patent scope is at least the method of which the above-mentioned communication protocol is 48. The method of operation is equal to the item No. .37, where the above is acceptable. An input method of an analog communication device driving device, the method is at least ^ & : Receiving control signals and data from a communication protocol; simulating an input / output port with related software, and putting the data into T; and using the analog interrupt signal to notify the control signal to let the upper-layer device interface read The method of taking the ^ number backup data in the input / output terminal σ to pick up the 49 items of 11: the profit range name, wherein the above-mentioned analog communication device has at least a virtual keyboard driver. The above simulation pass U