經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 442445 五、發明說明（/ ) 發明背景 本發明關於一種層合圓筒形玻璃纖維結構，以及一種 利用該結構的熱水器總成。 已知各種不同形態的熱水器總成，它們大部分係由鐵 所形成的，因此傾向於生銹。犧牲陽極僅爲延遲而非解決 生銹問題。 近來就克服生銹問題而言已經使用某些纖維加強的塑 膠材料，如南非專利82/6865中所揭示的熱水器。此型加 壓的熱水器通常表現重量與強度之間的折衷未完全令人滿 意。因此有需要一種防銹熱水器，其既輕且強，沒有過度 的成本。 發明槪述 本發明第一觀點提供一種層合圓筒形玻璃纖維結構， 其界定一中心軸及包括至少一定向纖維層，該纖維層具有 第一組單軸向纖維，以正交於軸線的方向延伸以便賦予箍 環強度，第二組單軸向纖維，以平行於軸線的方向延伸以 便賦予軸向強度，及至少一毗鄰的非定向織物層，層合至 定向織物層。 較佳地，非定向層係全軸向的，其中它展現實質上相 同的強度特性，與層之拉伸方向無關。 在本發明的一個形式中，定向纖維層包括一織造層， 其中第一和第二組纖維包括經向和緯向纖維，它們以 0-90°的組態織成一起。 在本發明另一形式中，第一和第二組纖維係未織成一 3 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） • I---1111111^^! (請先W讀背面之沒意事項再填寫本頁) t 訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 '442445 a? ___B7____ 五、發明說明（〕） 起，但是構成縫合在一起的個別層，具有一非織造非定向 層延伸其間。 定向織物層可夾於二非定向層之間。更佳地，數層， 典型上爲三非定向層，係與對應數目（典型上三層）的非 定向層以層合結構交替。 非定向層典型上包括短聘玻璃纖維蓆，而定向織物層 典型上包括織造織物蓆，該織物爲玻璃纖維布形式，具有 至少325gnT2的密度。 使用樹脂轉移模塑操作或手工層合程序使層互相層合 一起。在本發明之一形式中，樹脂係環氧乙烯酯樹脂。另 可選擇地，或此外，樹脂可包括異酞酸或類似的樹脂，其 典型上用於層合結構的外層，而環氧乙烯酯樹脂用於內層 〇 本發明延伸至一種熱水器總成，包括上述形態的層合 圓筒形玻璃纖維結構。 方便上，熱水器總成包括加壓的圓筒形內容器，內容 器一端設有配件裝配面，且包含數孔口，在製造期間至少 一個配件延伸經過孔口且以壓緊固定方式機械地鎖固於裝 配面’不會置於玻璃纖維中。 內容器有利包括一圓頂內容器頭部(其內具有配件裝配 面），一圓筒形身部’具有一開口端和一圓頂端，身部之開 口端藉由上述形態的層合圓筒形玻璃纖維結構接合頭部之 開口端。 層合的圓筒形玻璃纖維結構係未限制於熱水器中，而 4 本紙張尺度適用中固國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — — — — — — ——— — — 1^^·--I II I I 訂------!·^ C請先閱讀背面之注意事項再瑱寫本頁) A7 B7 442445 五、發明說明（多） 可用於任何其它遭受內壓的圓筒形結構中，如玻璃纖維管 中。 圖式之簡單說明 圖1顯示沿著圖6之1-1線所取熱水器總成之側視剖 視圖及本發明之玻璃纖維結構的形成部分： 圖2顯示沿著圖1之2-2線所取的部分剖視詳細圖 圖3顯示沿著圖1之3-3線所取的部分剖視詳細圖 圖4顯示沿著圖1之4-4線所取的部分剖視詳細圖 圖5顯示依箭頭5方向所取得圖1熱水器總成之頂視 圖：及 圖6顯示圖1之熱水器總成的頂視立體圖。 實施例之說明 首先參閱第1圖，一熱水器總成10包括一內容器12 '一外殼I4及一膨脹的聚胺甲酸酯泡沬材料16佔據內容 器I2之外表與外容器14之內表面之間的空隙。內容器12 係由一圓筒形體所形成，該圓筒形體具有一半球形端18及 一對置的部分半球形頭部20，該頭部20與第—及第二構 件裝配區22和24 —起形成，該裝配區各具有一平面台供 安裝熱水器構件，包括溫度和壓力閥26、出□管28、Λ口 管30及一加熱元件總成32。各構件係以壓緊固定方式使 用配件38和40機械地安裝於裝配區22和24，該配件38 和40係由耐熱性硬塑膠材料如玻璃加強的zytel®所射出 成形的。配件38和40具有八種樣式，如共同審理中的南 非專利申請案97/Π58及對應的國外申請案中所更詳細說 (靖先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I--I---訂---I I ί _^ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 442445 五、發明說明（4 ) 明者，其之細節併於本文中作參考。 現參閱圖2，內容器或桶槽之圓筒形體17係由多層層 合物41所形成。桶槽係藉樹脂轉移模塑法或手工層合法製 得，現將參照此圖更詳細說明它° 耐化學性玻璃纖維第一層係爲非織造32gm_2薄紗42 ，其位於圓筒形模型上’且以預催化的Derakane®環氧乙 烯酯樹脂濕化。使用1.5%至2.5%重量百分率的MEKP加 速劑，視周圍溫度狀態而定，在16°C以下使用2.5%，在 16°C以上使用1.5°/。。次一化學彈性薄紗層44係位於第一 層42上及被Derakane® 41145環氧乙烯酯樹脂所濕化。 使用輥子以確保所有的氣泡被輥出薄紗層外。短股玻璃纖 蓆46第一層具有450gm·2 (CSM 450)之密度，係置於第二 薄紗層44之表面上。接著爲短股玻璃纖維蓆48之 300gm·2 層，具有 300girT2 (CSM 3〇〇)之密度。層 46 和 48 皆爲全軸向的，其中玻璃纖維爲非織物，且展現實質上一 致的強度特性，與蓆所拉伸的軸向無關。在施予層48後， 織布第一層50係置於CSM 300層之上。織布50具有 325gm_2之密度，且係由玻璃纖維股所織成的。織布緯向纖 維係以平行於一與桶槽10之中心軸正交的平面方向延伸， 而經向纖維之行進方向係平行爲中心軸。緯向纖維因此提 供桶槽給予箍環強度，而經向纖維提供桶槽給予與桶槽之 主軸平行方向的軸向強度。 具有450gm'2(CSM450)密度的另一短股玻璃纖維蓆52 接著置於織造層50上，之後將具有325gnT2的織造玻璃纖 6 {請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂---------埃 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4現格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 442 4 4 5 A7 ____ B7____ 五、發明說明（5 ) 維布54置於CSM 450層52之表面上。此布之取向係與布 5〇的方向相同，具有經向纖維依與圓筒形熱水器之中心軸 正交的平面延伸，俾提供箍環強度給它》 在由模具移開之前，讓整個產生的層合結構41留置乾 燥2小時。層合結構41係供用於50、1〇〇、150或2001個 桶槽，其設計用於耐受約4〇OkPa的工作壓力。在lOOkPa 的桶槽情況，僅利用最初的四層42至48 〇 作爲較便宜的替代例’可用高熱扭變異酞酸樹脂而非 先前所提的Derakane®環氧乙烯酯樹脂(其係明顯較昂貴的) 來使最後三個外層50至54層合一起。 在又一替代性實施例中，以代號UNS-E所販售的 Saertex® BID布55之雙向複合物來代替層50、52和54。 此包括玻璃纖維之第一單向層50A，具有〇。定向的單軸平 行纖維及515gnf2的密度。具有300或400gnT2密度的第二 中間非織造短股層52A係夾於第一'層50A與第三層54A之 間，該第三層係爲相對第一層90。方向的單軸向平行玻璃 纖維股及具有315gm·2的密度。用聚酯縫紉來縫合整個結 構55。 參閱圖3，其顯示桶槽之頭部20的層合58結構。此 包括僅單一薄紗層42，接著爲CSM 450層46，其依次由 一具有密度爲4〇〇gnT2的斜紋層59所覆蓋，斜紋纖維之方 向爲相對頭部之於垂直軸"y”呈平行和垂直〇。-90。方向）。 斜紋層59之後接著爲CSM 450層60，其依次接著爲斜紋 和CSM 450交替層，如62至70所示。斜紋當作單片布置 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） • . J--— — — — — — —1^ I I-----^ils---^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 442445 a? ----B7 五、發明說明（6 ) 於頭部模型之圓和扁平表面上，不切割纖維。 一旦完成桶槽之頭部20和圓筒形身部12A，桶槽之開 口端72與頭部之開口端74藉由對接76而接合，其將會於 圖4中之剖面更詳細說明。接合步驟發生在所有的管件和 構件皆機械地鎖定位於頭部20內後。一旦頭部20與圓筒 形身部12A對齊後，薄紗條78及隨後的CSM 450、80、 84、88交替層和布粗紗82、86和90係使用上述的樹脂轉 移法置於接合處上，平行於主軸或對接76的平面。 在圖3和4所分別顯示頭部和接合疊合中，最後六層( 在頭部疊合的情況中）及最後四層(在接合叠合的情況中）可 同樣地使用熱扭變異酞酸樹脂以降低成本當作環氧乙烯酯 樹脂的替代物。 現參閱圖5和6，熱水器之外殻Η係由扁平的底部 92和扁平的頂部94所形成。熱水器之頭端設有一突出的 平台部96，其具有實質上平面的外表面。安裝孔1 28A、 98B、98C和98D係設於外殼14中以便用於容納溫度和壓 力閥26、出口管28用的出口接頭、電氣連接箱1〇〇和相 關的加熱元件總成32及入口管30用的連接器。各種不同 構件藉由管件38和40固定於內容器之內面22和24。面 22和24中可設有附加的孔102和104以便分別接納太陽 能加熱的入口和出口接頭。 I 0 —•I 丨！！ { 裴 i — ！！—11·--------埃 (請先閱讀背面之注惠事項再填寫本頁) 1 2 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐iPrinted by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 442445 V. Description of the Invention (/) Background of the Invention The present invention relates to a laminated cylindrical glass fiber structure and a water heater assembly using the structure. Various types of water heater assemblies are known. Most of them are made of iron and therefore tend to rust. The sacrificial anode is only a delay and not a solution to rust. Recently, certain fiber-reinforced plastic materials have been used in order to overcome the problem of rust, such as the water heater disclosed in South African Patent 82/6865. The trade-off between weight and strength that this pressurized water heater typically exhibits is not entirely satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need for a rust-proof water heater, which is light and strong without excessive cost. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the present invention provides a laminated cylindrical glass fiber structure, which defines a central axis and includes at least a certain direction fiber layer, the fiber layer having a first group of uniaxial fibers, orthogonal to the axis. Extending in a direction to impart strength to the hoop, a second group of uniaxial fibers extending in a direction parallel to the axis to impart axial strength, and at least one adjacent non-oriented fabric layer laminated to the oriented fabric layer. Preferably, the non-oriented layer is all-axial, in which it exhibits substantially the same strength characteristics regardless of the direction in which the layer is stretched. In one form of the invention, the oriented fiber layer includes a woven layer, wherein the first and second groups of fibers include warp and weft fibers that are woven together in a 0-90 ° configuration. In another form of the present invention, the first and second groups of fibers are not woven into a 3 paper size that is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) • I --- 1111111 ^^! (Please Read the unintentional matter on the back before filling in this page) t Order --------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs' 442445 a? ___B7____ V. Invention Description ()) but constitute Individual layers stitched together with a nonwoven non-oriented layer extending therebetween. The oriented fabric layer may be sandwiched between two non-oriented layers. More preferably, several layers, typically three non-oriented layers, alternate with a corresponding number (typically the upper three layers) of non-oriented layers in a laminated structure. The non-oriented layer typically includes a short fiberglass mat, while the oriented fabric layer typically includes a woven fabric mat, which is in the form of a fiberglass cloth and has a density of at least 325 gnT2. The layers are laminated to each other using a resin transfer molding operation or a manual lamination procedure. In one form of the present invention, the resin is a vinyl epoxy resin. Alternatively, or in addition, the resin may include isophthalic acid or similar resins, which are typically used for the outer layer of a laminated structure, and vinyl epoxy resin for the inner layer. The present invention extends to a water heater assembly, The laminated cylindrical glass fiber structure including the above-mentioned morphology. Conveniently, the water heater assembly includes a pressurized cylindrical inner container. One end of the inner container is provided with a fitting assembly surface and includes several orifices. At least one accessory extends through the orifice during the manufacturing process and is mechanically locked in a tightly fixed manner. 'Fixed to the assembly surface' will not be placed in fiberglass. The inner container advantageously includes a dome inner container head (with an assembly fitting surface therein), a cylindrical body portion having an open end and a rounded top end, and the open end of the body portion is made of laminated cylindrical glass fiber as described above. The structure engages the open end of the head. The laminated cylindrical glass fiber structure is not limited to water heaters, and 4 paper sizes are applicable to the China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) — — — — — — ——— — — 1 ^^ · --I II II Order ------! · ^ C Please read the notes on the back before writing this page) A7 B7 442445 V. Description of invention (multiple) Can be used for any other subject to internal pressure In a cylindrical structure, such as a glass fiber tube. Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 shows a side sectional view of the water heater assembly taken along the line 1-1 of FIG. 6 and the forming portion of the glass fiber structure of the present invention: FIG. 2 shows the place taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 Figure 3 shows a detailed sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1 Figure 4 shows a detailed sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1 Figure 4 shows a detailed sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 1 A top view of the water heater assembly of FIG. 1 is obtained in the direction of the arrow 5: and FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of the water heater assembly of FIG. Explanation of the embodiment First referring to FIG. 1, a water heater assembly 10 includes an inner container 12 ′, a shell I4 and an expanded polyurethane foam material 16 occupying the outer surface of the inner container I2 and the inner surface of the outer container 14 The gap between. The inner container 12 is formed by a cylindrical body having a hemispherical end 18 and a pair of partially hemispherical heads 20, the head 20 starting from the first and second component assembling areas 22 and 24. Formed, each of the assembly areas has a flat surface for installing a water heater component, including a temperature and pressure valve 26, an outlet pipe 28, a Λ mouth pipe 30, and a heating element assembly 32. The components are mechanically mounted on the assembly areas 22 and 24 using compression fittings 38 and 40, which are injection molded from heat-resistant hard plastic materials such as glass-reinforced zytel®. The accessories 38 and 40 have eight styles, as described in more detail in the joint South African patent application 97 / Π58 and the corresponding foreign application (Jingxian M read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) I-- I --- Order --- II ί _ ^ Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 442445 V. Description of Invention (4) The person who has the details, and its details are incorporated herein by reference. Referring now to FIG. 2, the cylindrical body 17 of the inner container or the tub is formed of a multilayer laminate 41. As shown in FIG. The barrel is made by the resin transfer molding method or the manual layer method. Now it will be explained in more detail with reference to this figure. The first layer of chemical resistance glass fiber is a non-woven 32gm_2 tulle 42, which is located on a cylindrical model. 'And wet with pre-catalyzed Derakane® epoxy vinyl resin. Use 1.5% to 2.5% by weight of MEKP accelerator, depending on the ambient temperature, use 2.5% below 16 ° C and 1.5 ° / above 16 ° C. . The next chemically elastic tulle layer 44 is located on the first layer 42 and is wetted with Derakane® 41145 epoxy vinyl resin. Use a roller to ensure that all air bubbles are rolled out of the tulle layer. The first layer of the short glass fiber mat 46 has a density of 450 gm · 2 (CSM 450) and is placed on the surface of the second tulle layer 44. This is followed by a 300 gm · 2 layer of short glass fiber mat 48 with a density of 300 girT2 (CSM 300). The layers 46 and 48 are all axial, in which the glass fiber is non-woven and exhibits substantially consistent strength characteristics regardless of the axial direction in which the mat is stretched. After the application of the layer 48, a first layer 50 of woven fabric is placed on top of the CSM 300 layer. The woven fabric 50 has a density of 325 gm_2 and is woven from glass fiber strands. The weft fibers of the woven fabric extend parallel to a plane direction orthogonal to the central axis of the tub 10, and the traveling direction of the warp fibers is parallel as the central axis. The weft fiber thus provides the bucket groove to give the hoop strength, and the warp fiber provides the bucket groove to give the axial strength parallel to the main axis of the bucket groove. Another short-strand fiberglass mat 52 with a density of 450gm'2 (CSM450) is then placed on the woven layer 50, and then the woven glass fiber with 325gnT2 is 6 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Pack- ------- Order --------- Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the standard of this paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 442 4 4 5 A7 ____ B7____ V. Description of the invention (5) The cloth 54 is placed on the surface of the CSM 450 layer 52. The orientation of this cloth is the same as that of cloth 50, with the warp fibers extending in a plane orthogonal to the central axis of the cylindrical water heater, and providing the hoop strength to it. Before removing it from the mold, let the whole The laminated structure 41 was left to dry for 2 hours. The laminated structure 41 is intended for 50, 100, 150 or 2001 barrels and is designed to withstand a working pressure of about 400 kPa. In the case of 100kPa barrels, only the first four layers of 42 to 48 are used as a cheaper alternative. 'High heat torsion variant phthalic acid resin can be used instead of the previously mentioned Derakane® epoxy vinyl resin (which is significantly more expensive) ) To laminate the last three outer layers 50 to 54 together. In yet another alternative embodiment, layers 50, 52, and 54 are replaced by a bidirectional composite of Saertex® BID cloth 55 sold under the designation UNS-E. This first unidirectional layer 50A including glass fibers has 0. Oriented uniaxial parallel fibers with a density of 515gnf2. A second intermediate nonwoven short layer 52A having a density of 300 or 400 gnT2 is sandwiched between the first layer 50A and the third layer 54A, and the third layer is opposite the first layer 90. The uniaxially oriented glass fiber strands were oriented in parallel and had a density of 315 gm · 2. Polyester sewing is used to sew the entire structure 55. Referring to FIG. 3, the laminated 58 structure of the head 20 of the tub is shown. This includes only a single tulle layer 42, followed by a CSM 450 layer 46, which in turn is covered by a twill layer 59 with a density of 400gnT2, the direction of the twill fibers is relative to the head on the vertical axis " y " It is parallel and perpendicular 0-90. Orientation). Twill layer 59 is followed by CSM 450 layer 60, which is followed by alternating layers of twill and CSM 450, as shown in 62 to 70. Twill is arranged as a single piece of 7 paper Dimensions are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) •. J --— — — — — — — 1 ^ I I ----- ^ ils --- ^ (Please read the Note for refilling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 442445 a? ---- B7 V. Description of the invention (6) Do not cut fibers on the round and flat surface of the head model. Once the barrel is completed The head 20 of the groove and the cylindrical body 12A, the open end 72 of the bucket groove and the open end 74 of the head are joined by butt 76, which will be explained in more detail in the cross section in FIG. 4. The joining step occurs at All the pipe fittings and components are mechanically locked behind the head 20. Once the head 20 is aligned with the cylindrical body 12A Later, the thin layer of tulle 78 and subsequent layers of CSM 450, 80, 84, 88 and cloth roving 82, 86 and 90 are placed on the joint using the resin transfer method described above, parallel to the plane of the main axis or butt 76. In the figure As shown in 3 and 4, respectively, in the head and joint stack, the last six layers (in the case of head stack) and the last four layers (in the case of head and stack) can be similarly used with heat-torsed variant phthalic acid resin. To reduce the cost as a substitute for epoxy vinyl resin. Referring now to Figures 5 and 6, the outer shell of the water heater is formed by a flat bottom 92 and a flat top 94. The head of the water heater is provided with a protruding platform portion 96, which has a substantially flat outer surface. Mounting holes 1 28A, 98B, 98C, and 98D are provided in the housing 14 for receiving temperature and pressure valves 26, outlet fittings for outlet pipes 28, and electrical connection boxes 10. 〇 and related heating element assemblies 32 and connectors for inlet pipe 30. Various components are fixed to the inner surfaces 22 and 24 of the inner container by pipe fittings 38 and 40. Additional holes 102 may be provided in the surfaces 22 and 24 And 104 to receive solar-heated inlet and outlet connections, respectively. Head. I 0 — • I 丨 !!! {裴 i — !!! —11 · -------- Eg (Please read the note on the back before filling out this page) 1 2 This paper size applies to China Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mmi