424 ί 53 :， Α7 4585twt'.tloc Ο 05 _B7__ 五、發明説明（ί ) 本發明是有關於一種雷達掃描轉換器（Radar Scan Converter ;簡稱RSC)，且特別是有關於一種使得輸入視訊 可直接重疊到個人電腦的螢幕上，而又不會破壞到現有畫 面上的圖文之雷達掃描轉換器及影像混合方法。 傳統的雷達顯示是呈現在一個圓形的映像管(簡稱CRT) 上，CRT螢幕上有一個旋轉的射束（beam)，此射束是隨著 天線而同步旋轉，目標(target)在射束上顯現出來’並維持 --會兒後自動消失，這種顯示裝置稱爲平面位置指示器 (Plan Position Indicator ;簡稱 PPI)。由於 PPI 是基於”磷” 成分的遲滯現象，而達到目標延遲消失的效果，以致於亮 度普遍不足，甚而要求使用環境的光線不可太亮。同時， 這種CRT的價格也特別昂貴。 爲了克服PPI的缺點，各種數位式掃描轉換器（Digital Scan Converter ;簡稱DSC)的方案便因應而生。DSC將射 束的半徑與角度轉換成TV顯示器上所對應的X與Y座 標。DSC也可參考電腦視訊記錄技術，例如多顏色顯示、 重疊視窗及文字疊加至顯示幕上的性能，以對雷達顯示進 行整合。 請參照第1圖，其繪示的是習知一種數位式掃描轉換器 (DSC)的功能方塊圖。如圖1所示，數位式掃描轉換器10 包括類比數位轉換器（A/D converter) 12、輻射式緩衝器 (radial buffer)14、減量濾波器（decimation filter)16、控制單 ^(control unit)l 8、座標轉換器(coordinate converter)20、圖 框緩衝器（frame buffer)22 '記憶/顯示時序產生器 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2! 0 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局負工消費合作社印製 4 §4153 ^ 45 8 5twf.doc/005 A7 B7 五、發明説明（y) (memory/display timing generator)24 與數位類比轉換器（D/A converter)26。雷達視訊（Radar video)經類比數位轉換器12 數位化後存入輻射式緩衝器14,之後減量濾波器16會依據 設定的顯示距離，對輻射式緩衝器14的資料進行減量處 .理。 AZ同步訊號（AZ Sync)係爲雷達的方位（Azimuth)資 訊，內含方位參考脈衝（Azimuth Reference Pulse ; ARP)及 方位轉變脈衝（Azimuth Change Pulse ; ACP)。天線旋轉時， 每圈會有4096 ACP和1 ARP，其中ARP是在天線旋轉到 正北方時出現。觸發訊號（Tngger)是雷達波發射的時刻，其 代表距離零點（range zero)。座標轉換器20根據AZ同步訊 號可計算出雷達視訊的極向（Polar)座標(R,0)，而後座標轉 換器20會再將之轉換成笛卡兒(Cartesian)座標(Χ,Υ)。 記憶/顯示時序產生器24以上述笛卡兒座標（Χ，Υ)爲位 址（address)，將減量處理後的資料存入圖框緩衝器22，同 時也負責圖框緩衝器22的讀取和TV同步訊號的產生。圖 框緩衝器22輸出是數位訊號，數位類比轉換器26將之轉 換成類比訊號後，和TV同步訊號同時送往TV顯示器顯 示。美國專利第 4,754,279、4,729,029、4,675,679、 4,434,422、4,412,220、4,220,969、4,065,770 與 4,002,827 號都是屬於這類DSC。 第〗圖屮之座標轉換器20是DSC的特色之一，傳統觀 念是將正弦（sine)和餘弦（cosine)函數建成查詢表（Look Up Table)，而（R,0)經此查詢表和乘法器可得到（X，Y)。美國專 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標皁（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •訂 銶 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 «4ί53 4 45S5twt'.doc/0 0 5 A 7 __B7 五、發明説明（）） 利第4,729,029號提出一種快速的方法，不需要費時的乘法 器，而改用加法器來實現。而後更有美國專利第4,697,1 85、 4,931,801、5,519,401、5,530,450、5,554,992 號提出一些針 對重寫（overwrite)和影像顯示不到俗稱黑洞（spoke)的解決 方案^ 此外，第1圖中的圖框緩衝器22是訊號流程的關鍵， 由於其記憶體的結構影響訊號的處理速度，美國專利第 4,220,969、4,5,770和4,002,827號對記憶體的結構都有 提出解決方案。' 隨著電子元件技術的日益進步，電腦的功能也愈來愈 強，再加上VME匯流排(bus)的興起，DSC和電腦工作站的 結合蔚成風氣。請參照第2圖，其繪示的是習知一種具有 類比式多工器（Analog MUX)之雷達掃描轉換器（RSC)的功 能方塊圖。 如第2圖所示，其組成結構類似於第1圖，美國專利第 5,4 1 8,535號提出的方法是，將DSC做成VME匯流排的介 面卡，同時DSC還增加重疊（overlay)功能，可將雷達視訊 和電腦丁.作站的圖像混合，而後再送往監視器。重疊的方 法是，數位類比轉換器3〇輸出的雷達視訊和電腦工作站32 的圖像都是送往多工器34 ’而彩色鍵比較器（c〇l〇r key comparator)%根據圖像的電壓準位來決定多工器34的開 關狀態。這時期的專利大多使用雷達掃描轉換器(RSC)這名 詞來表示丨:述裝置" 在現今ΐϋ腦多媒體時代，有許多專利提及如何將電視攝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（) Λ4規格（210Χ297公嫠） (請先閱讀背面之注-意事項存填寫本頁)424 ί 53:, Α7 4585twt'.tloc Ο 05 _B7__ 5. Description of the Invention (ί) The present invention relates to a radar scan converter (Radar Scan Converter; RSC for short), and in particular to a method for making input video directly Radar scan converter and image blending method that are superimposed on the screen of a personal computer without destroying the graphics on the existing screen. The traditional radar display is presented on a circular image tube (CRT for short). There is a rotating beam on the CRT screen. This beam is rotated synchronously with the antenna, and the target is in the beam. Appeared on the top and maintained-it will disappear automatically after a while, this kind of display device is called Plan Position Indicator (PPI for short). Because PPI is based on the hysteresis of the "phosphorus" component, and achieves the effect of delayed disappearance of the target, so that the brightness is generally insufficient, and even the light in the use environment is not required to be too bright. At the same time, such CRTs are particularly expensive. In order to overcome the shortcomings of PPI, various digital scan converter (DSC) schemes have been developed accordingly. DSC converts the beam radius and angle into the corresponding X and Y coordinates on the TV display. DSC can also refer to computer video recording technology, such as the performance of multi-color display, overlapping windows and text superimposed on the display screen to integrate radar display. Please refer to FIG. 1, which shows a functional block diagram of a conventional digital scan converter (DSC). As shown in FIG. 1, the digital scanning converter 10 includes an analog digital converter (A / D converter) 12, a radial buffer 14, a reduction filter 16, and a control unit. ) l 8. Coordinate converter 20, frame buffer 22 'memory / display timing generator This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2! 0 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order printed by the Consumer Goods Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 §4153 ^ 45 8 5twf.doc / 005 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (y) (memory / display timing generator) 24 and digital analog converter (D / A converter) 26. Radar video is digitized by the analog digital converter 12 and stored in the radiation buffer 14, and then the reduction filter 16 will reduce the data of the radiation buffer 14 according to the set display distance. AZ Sync is azimuth information of the radar, including azimuth reference pulse (ARP) and azimuth change pulse (ACP). When the antenna is rotated, there will be 4096 ACP and 1 ARP per turn, where ARP appears when the antenna is turned to the north. The trigger signal (Tngger) is the moment when the radar wave is emitted, and it represents the range zero. The coordinate converter 20 can calculate the polar coordinates (R, 0) of the radar video according to the AZ synchronization signal, and the rear coordinate converter 20 will convert them into Cartesian coordinates (X, Υ). The memory / display timing generator 24 uses the Cartesian coordinates (X, Υ) as the address, and stores the reduced data into the frame buffer 22, and is also responsible for reading the frame buffer 22 Generation with TV synchronization signal. The output of the frame buffer 22 is a digital signal. The digital analog converter 26 converts it into an analog signal and sends it to the TV display for display simultaneously with the TV synchronization signal. US Patent Nos. 4,754,279, 4,729,029, 4,675,679, 4,434,422, 4,412,220, 4,220,969, 4,065,770, and 4,002,827 all belong to this type of DSC. The coordinate converter 20 in Figure 屮 is one of the characteristics of DSC. The traditional concept is to build the sine and cosine functions into a Look Up Table, and (R, 0) The multiplier gives (X, Y). US special paper size applies to China National Standard Soap (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Property Bureau «4ί53 4 45S5twt'.doc / 0 0 5 A 7 __B7 V. Description of the Invention ()) Li No. 4,729,029 proposes a fast method that does not require a time-consuming multiplier and uses an adder instead. to realise. Then there are U.S. Patent Nos. 4,697,185, 4,931,801, 5,519,401, 5,530,450, 5,554,992 and some solutions for overwrite and images that are not commonly known as spokes ^ In addition, the frame in Figure 1 The buffer 22 is the key to the signal flow. Because its memory structure affects the signal processing speed, US Patent Nos. 4,220,969, 4,5,770, and 4,002,827 have proposed solutions to the memory structure. '' With the advancement of electronic component technology, the functions of computers have become stronger and stronger, coupled with the rise of VME buses, the combination of DSC and computer workstations has become popular. Please refer to Fig. 2, which shows a functional block diagram of a conventional radar scan converter (RSC) with an analog multiplexer (Analog MUX). As shown in Figure 2, its composition structure is similar to Figure 1. The method proposed in US Patent No. 5,4 1 8,535 is to make DSC into an interface card for VME bus, and DSC also adds an overlay function. , Can mix radar video and computer Ding Zuo station images, and then sent to the monitor. The overlapping method is that the radar video output from the digital analog converter 30 and the image of the computer workstation 32 are sent to the multiplexer 34 'and the color key comparator (c0lr key comparator)% is based on the image's The voltage level determines the switching state of the multiplexer 34. Most of the patents in this period were expressed by the term radar scanning converter (RSC). 丨: Describing the device " In the modern multimedia era, there are many patents mentioning how to adapt the TV paper size to the Chinese national standard () Λ4 specification. (210 × 297 public money) (Please read the note on the back-save the matter and fill in this page)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ^24153 . -*ί - A 7 4 5 8 5 1 w Γ· tl oc")。3 B7 五、發明説明（f) 影機的視訊和電腦圖像相互重疊的方法’而這些專利也都 是採用多工器來進行影像重疊。中華民國專利第264,548 號、美國專利第5,398,075和5,220,312號用的是類比式多 工器，故屬於類比式影像重疊方法，而中華民國專利第 .286,381號與美國專利第5,598,525號用的是數位式多工 器，故屬於數位式影像重疊方法。 類比式多工器是採用電流總和（current summing)方法， 內含高速開關元件。由於這種高速開關元件的阻抗具有非 線性的特性，故將會導致影像失真(distortion)的情形，而頻 寬的過窄，則又會造成影像模糊化及有污漬不淸楚的現 象。對於螢幕解析度是1280 XI024和垂直頻率60Hz而言， 像素頻率會是108MHz。10ns的開關延遲會造成影像位移 一個像素位置，故類比式多工器的開關頻率需達 MHz。因應螢幕解析度的增大或垂直頻率的提高，爲了防 止發生失真與雜訊現象，頻寬及線性度一定要提昇，但這 又將會增加電路的困難度及成本。 基於上述缺點，我們可考慮將第2圖的多工器34改用 數位式多工器，如第3圖所示，其繪示的是習知一種具有 數位式多工器之雷達掃描轉換器的功能方塊圖。在第3圖 中，數位類比轉換器40是放在數位式多工器42之後，而 Π.彩色鍵比較器44是根據數位圖像的彩色位元數（color bits)例如8、15、16或24位元，來決定多X器的開關狀態。 第3圖中之數位圖像將透過特徵連接器（feature connector ;末顯示）由工作站46傅往RSC 48。這類特徵連 本紙浪尺度適用中國囷家標準（CNS ) Λ4現格（210X297公；t ) (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 24153.-* Ί-A 7 4 5 8 5 1 w Γ · tl oc "). 3 B7 V. Description of the invention (f) The method of overlapping the video of the camera and the computer image ', and these patents also use a multiplexer to superimpose the image. Republic of China Patent No. 264,548, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,398,075 and 5,220,312 use analog multiplexers, so they are analog image overlay methods, while Republic of China Patent No. 286,381 and US Patent No. 5,598,525 use digital Multiplexer, so it belongs to digital image overlay method. The analog multiplexer uses a current summing method and contains a high-speed switching element. Due to the non-linear characteristics of the impedance of such high-speed switching elements, it will cause image distortion, and if the bandwidth is too narrow, it will cause image blurring and stains. For a screen resolution of 1280 XI024 and a vertical frequency of 60Hz, the pixel frequency will be 108MHz. The switching delay of 10ns will cause the image to shift by one pixel position, so the switching frequency of the analog multiplexer needs to reach MHz. In response to the increase of the screen resolution or the increase of the vertical frequency, in order to prevent distortion and noise, the bandwidth and linearity must be improved, but this will increase the difficulty and cost of the circuit. Based on the above disadvantages, we can consider changing the multiplexer 34 in Figure 2 to a digital multiplexer. As shown in Figure 3, it shows a conventional radar scan converter with a digital multiplexer. Function block diagram. In FIG. 3, the digital analog converter 40 is placed behind the digital multiplexer 42, and the Π. Color key comparator 44 is based on the number of color bits of the digital image, such as 8, 15, 16 Or 24-bit, to determine the switching state of the multi X device. The digital image in Figure 3 will be transmitted from the workstation 46 to the RSC 48 through the feature connector (not shown). This type of feature applies the Chinese paper standard (CNS) to the standard of Chinese paper (CNS) Λ4 (210X297); t) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
——L 訂 45S5twt'.doc/005 Λ’ -----ϋ__ i、發明説明（夂） 接器的頻率限制在45 MHz，不若類比訊號在工作站46與 RSC 48之間的傳送可高達1 35 MHz。 上述特徵連接器的使用還有另一層問題，因應不同廠牌 的視訊圖形顯示卡（Video Graphics Array Card ;簡稱VGA b)，數位圖像在特徵連接器的傳送可能會是8、15、16或 24位元格式，而且各個VGA卡上的圖像時脈的設定時間和 維持時間都不同。爲了減少相容性的問題，RSC卡還需將 數位圖像資料和時脈予以重新緩衝(rebuffer)和再生，但這 又增加了 RSC卡的成本及複雜性。 因此，依照前述諸多習知專利可知，現有的RSC都含 有圖框緩衝器、多工器、彩色鍵比較器和數位類比轉換器。 圖框緩衝器的相關電路有隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、位址暫 存器、讀取/寫入控制器和時序產生器等，其記憶體的結構 又影響著訊號的處理流程和速度，故電路較爲複雜。 至於影像重疊方面，若是採用類比式比較器和多工器， 多工器的反應時間不穩，導致時序的掌握不易。若是採用 數位式比較器和多工器，則繪圖影像的數位介面較爲複 雜。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 有鑒於此，本發明提出一種雷達掃描轉換器，包括類比 數位轉換器、輻射式緩衝器、減量濾波器、座標轉換器及 1疊處理器。類比數位轉換器接收類比型式之雷達視訊， 並將此類比塯式之雷達視訊轉換成數位型式之雷達視訊。 幅射式緩衝器用以接收上述數位型式之雷達視訊。減量撤 波器耦接輻射式緩衝器，用以依據設定的顯示距離對輻射 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > A4規格（210X297公釐） 4 5 K 5 twf. ci l A7 B7 五、發明説明（έ> ) 式緩衝器之雷達視訊進行減量處理。座標轉換器接收AZ 同步訊號亦即雷達視訊的方位資訊’用以計算出雷達視訊 的極向座標並將之轉換成笛卡兒座標。重疊處理器用以根 據座標轉換器所產生的直角座標去讀取視訊圖形顯示卡上 的顯示記億體，並隨即對讀取的資料進行判斷，若讀取的 資料無文字或圖形，則將減量濾波器所產生的資料寫入顯 示記憶體。 此外，本發明提出一種影像混合方法’用以將輸入視訊 例如雷達影像、+超音波影像等直接重疊到個人電腦的螢幕 上，並且不會破壞到現有畫面上的圖像。本發明之影像混 合方法，包括首先提供表示輸入視訊的方位資訊之一AZ同 步訊號°接著依據設定的顯示距離對輸入視訊進行減量處 理。之後依據此AZ同步訊號算出輸入視訊的極向座標。然 後將輸入視訊的極向座標轉換成笛卡兒座標。再來根據上 述笛〜^兒座標讀取個人電腦上之顯示記憶體。最後對顯示 記憶體之讀取資料進行判斷’若此讀取資料無文字或圖 形，則將輸入視訊寫入顯示記憶體。 因此，本發明提出了…種非常適用於雷達掃描轉換器的 影像混合方法，不同於傳統的雷達影像混合方法與相關的 雷達掃描轉換器架構。不僅可有效地解決習知所遇到之成 本增加及電路技術複雜的問題’而且可達到影像重疊的效 果，使得輸入視訊例如雷達影像與超音波影像等可直接重 #到個人電腦的螢幕上，同時也不會破壞到現有畫面上的 _像例如距離環、摘取目標、追蹤軌跡與符號等，另外更 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -9 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > 規格（2丨0X29?公釐) ^24 45S5tvvf.(.1oc/0 05 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（▽) 可省略掉習知之圖框緩衝器、記憶/顯示時序產生器和數位 類比轉換器，進而可達到節省成本花費的目的。 爲讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯 易懂，下文特舉較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說 明如下： 圖式之簡單說明： 第1圖繪示的是習知一種數位式掃描轉換器的功能方 塊圖； 第2圖繪示的是習知一種具有類比式多工器之雷達掃 描轉換器的功能方塊圖； 第3圖繪示的是習知一種具有數位式多工器之雷達掃 描轉換器的功能方塊圖； 第4圖繪示的是依照本發明一較佳實施例的一種雷達 掃描轉換器的功能方塊圖；以及 第5圖繪示的是第4圖之重疊處理器的功能方塊圖。 圖式之標號說明： 10 :數位式掃描轉換器 54 :輻射式緩衝器 61 :控制單元 圖框緩衝器 14 18 22 26 〗2、52 :類比數位轉換器 16、56 :減量濾波器 20、58 :座標轉換器 24:記憶/顯示時序產生器 30、40 :數位類比轉換器 32、46 :工作站 34、42 :多工器 36、44 :彩色鍵比較器 48、50 :雷達掃描轉換器 60 :黾#處埋器 62 :個人電腦 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) /\4说格（2!0Χ 297公釐） (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1 ,π :.M 1 53 1 4 585tur.doc/005 五、發明説明（《）——L order 45S5twt'.doc / 005 Λ '----- ϋ__ i. Description of the invention (夂) The frequency of the connector is limited to 45 MHz. If the analog signal is transmitted between workstation 46 and RSC 48, it can reach up to 1 35 MHz. There is another layer of problems with the use of the above-mentioned feature connector. Depending on the video graphics array card (VGA b) of different manufacturers, the transmission of digital images in the feature connector may be 8, 15, 16, or 24-bit format, and the setting time and maintaining time of the image clock on each VGA card are different. To reduce compatibility issues, RSC cards need to rebuffer and regenerate digital image data and clocks, but this adds to the cost and complexity of RSC cards. Therefore, according to the foregoing conventional patents, it is known that the existing RSCs include a frame buffer, a multiplexer, a color key comparator, and a digital analog converter. The related circuits of the frame buffer include random access memory (RAM), address register, read / write controller, and timing generator. The structure of the memory also affects the signal processing flow and speed. , So the circuit is more complicated. As for image overlap, if analog comparators and multiplexers are used, the response time of the multiplexer is unstable, which makes it difficult to grasp the timing. If a digital comparator and multiplexer are used, the digital interface of the drawing image is more complicated. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics In view of this, the present invention proposes a radar scanning converter, including an analog digital converter, a radiation buffer, a reduction filter, a coordinate converter, and a stack of processors. The analog-to-digital converter receives an analog-type radar video and converts such an analog-type radar video into a digital-type radar video. The radiation buffer is used for receiving the digital radar video. The decrementing decoupling device is coupled to the radiation type buffer, and is adapted to the Chinese standard (CNS > A4 size (210X297 mm)) for the paper size according to the set display distance. 4 5 K 5 twf. Ci l A7 B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The radar video of the (缓冲器 >) type buffer is reduced. The coordinate converter receives the AZ synchronization signal, that is, the position information of the radar video, to calculate the polar coordinates of the radar video and convert them into Cartesian coordinates The overlay processor is used to read the display memory on the video graphics card according to the rectangular coordinates generated by the coordinate converter, and then judge the read data. If the read data has no text or graphics, it will The data generated by the decrement filter is written into the display memory. In addition, the present invention proposes an image mixing method 'for superimposing input video such as radar image, + ultrasound image, etc. directly on the screen of a personal computer without destroying it To the image on the existing screen. The image mixing method of the present invention includes firstly providing an AZ synchronization signal, which is one of the orientation information representing the input video ° Decrease the input video according to the set display distance. Then calculate the polar coordinates of the input video based on this AZ synchronization signal. Then convert the polar coordinates of the input video into Cartesian coordinates. Then according to the above flute ~ ^ 儿The coordinates read the display memory on the personal computer. Finally, the read data of the display memory is judged. 'If the read data has no text or graphics, the input video is written into the display memory. Therefore, the present invention proposes ... This image blending method is very suitable for radar scan converters, which is different from the traditional radar image blending methods and related radar scan converter architectures. It can not only effectively solve the problems of increasing cost and complicated circuit technology encountered in the past ' Moreover, the effect of image overlap can be achieved, so that input video such as radar image and ultrasonic image can be directly re-imported onto the screen of the personal computer, and at the same time, it will not destroy the image on the existing screen, such as distance ring, extraction target, Track trajectories and symbols, etc. (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -9 Economy Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives This paper is printed in accordance with Chinese National Standards (CNS > Specifications (2 丨 0X29? Mm) ^ 24 45S5tvvf. (. 1oc / 0 05 A7 B7 Printed by Employee Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau V. Description of the invention (▽) The conventional frame buffer, memory / display timing generator and digital analog converter can be omitted, thereby achieving the purpose of saving costs. In order to achieve the above and other purposes, features, The advantages and advantages can be more obvious and easy to understand. The preferred embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and are described in detail as follows: A brief description of the drawings: Figure 1 shows a conventional digital scanning converter. Functional block diagram; Figure 2 shows a functional block diagram of a conventional radar scan converter with an analog multiplexer; Figure 3 shows a conventional radar scan converter with a digital multiplexer Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of a radar scan converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing functions of an overlapping processor of Fig. 4 Can block diagram. Description of drawing numbers: 10: Digital scan converter 54: Radial buffer 61: Control unit frame buffer 14 18 22 26 [2], 52: Analog digital converters 16, 56: Decrement filters 20, 58 : Coordinate converter 24: Memory / display timing generator 30, 40: Digital analog converter 32, 46: Work station 34, 42: Multiplexer 36, 44: Color key comparator 48, 50: Radar scan converter 60:处 # 处 沉 器 62: The paper size of the personal computer is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) / \ 4 grid (2! 0 × 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 1, π: .M 1 53 1 4 585tur.doc / 005 V. Description of the invention (")
64 :顯示記憶體 66 : X-先進先出堆疊 68 : Y-先進先出堆疊 70 : D-先進先出 堆疊 1 1 請 72 :狀態機器 73 ： PCI匯流排 先 閱 讀 74 :基底位址 76 ： X-解析度 背 Λ 78 :乘法器 80 ： 加法器 之 注- 意 1 82 : PCI匯流排仲裁器 84 ： 比較器 碩 1 I 再二 86 :閂鎖器 88 ： 彩色鍵暫存器 寫 本 實施例 頁 •w-· I I 請參照第4圖，其繪示的是依照本發明一較佳實施例的 -種雷達掃描轉換器的功能方塊圖。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 如第4圖所示，盡量利用個人電腦現有的環境並善用 PCI匯流排，影像的顯示和重疊是在現有視訊圖形顯示卡 (VGA卡）上進行，RSC介面卡50上有的只是類比數位轉換 器52、輻射式緩衝器54、減量濾波器56、座標轉換器58 和重疊處理器60。此外，RSC 50更包括一控制單元61， 接收一觸發訊號，用以控制上述類比數位轉換器52、輻射 式緩衝器54、減量濾波器56、座標轉換器58和重疊處理 器60的操作狀態，其中觸發訊號是雷達波發射的時刻，其 代表距離零點。 雷達視訊經類比數位轉換器52數位化後會被存入輻射 式緩衝器54,而後減量濾波器56依據設定的顯示距離對輻 射式緩衝器54的資料進行減量處理。AZ同步訊號是雷達 的方位資訊，經座標轉換器58內的計敷器（未顯示）可算出 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X 297公釐） ‘1153 ‘1153 4585twf doc/005 A7 B7 五、發明説明（f ) 雷達視訊的極向座標（R，e)，而後座標轉換器58再將之轉 換成笛卡兒座標（Χ,Υ)。重疊處理器60用以根據座標轉換 器58所產生的直角座標去讀取配置於個人電腦62中之顯 示介面卡(VGA卡）上的顯示記憶體64，隨即對讀取的資料 進行判斷，若該處無文字或圖形，則將減量濾波器56所產 生的資料寫入顯示記憶體64。 請同時參照第4圖及第5圖，第5圖繪示的是第4圖之 重疊處理器的功能方塊圖。 X-先進先出堆疊(簡稱X-FIFO)66和Y-先進先出堆疊 (簡稱Y-FIFO)68儲存有座標轉換器58產生的直角座標 (Χ,Υ)，以及D-先進先出堆疊(簡稱D-FIFO)70則儲存有減 量濾波器56產生的資料。狀態機器（State machme)72用以 負責時序的掌握和PCI匯流排73的請求(request)。 圖中的基底位址（base address)74是顯示記憶體64的起 始位址，而X-解析度（X-resolution)76是螢幕在X方向的解 析度（例如128〇)。X-FIFO 66和Y-FIFO 68存有的直角座標 (Χ,Υ)經乘法器78和加法器80後，可換算出顯示記憶體64 的位址。狀態機器72送出要求訊號/REQ給PCI匯流排仲 裁器82,待收到PCI匯流排仲裁器82的同意訊號/GNT後， 即可將位址經訊號線AD送出，同時訊號線CBE、/FRAME 和/IRDY會送出相關訊息以表示要進行記憶體讀取。狀態 機器7 2觀察訊號線/ D E V S E L和/T RD Y得知像素已呈現在 PCI應流排73的訊號線AD上，在此同時，閂鎖器（!atch)86 會鎖住訊號線AD上的圖像訊息，並將之送至比較器84中 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -φ64: Display memory 66: X-first-in-first-out stack 68: Y-first-in-first-out stack 70: D-first-in-first-out stack 1 72: State machine 73: PCI bus first read 74: Base address 76: X-resolution back Λ 78: Multiplier 80: Adder's note-Note 1 82: PCI bus arbiter 84: Comparator 1 I Second 86: Latcher 88: Color key register Write this embodiment Page • w- · II Please refer to FIG. 4, which shows a functional block diagram of a radar scan converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The consumer cooperation of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, as shown in Figure 4, is to make full use of the existing environment of the personal computer and make good use of the PCI bus. The image display and overlay are performed on the existing video graphics card (VGA card) The RSC interface card 50 has only an analog-to-digital converter 52, a radial buffer 54, a reduction filter 56, a coordinate converter 58, and an overlay processor 60. In addition, the RSC 50 further includes a control unit 61 that receives a trigger signal to control the operating states of the analog-to-digital converter 52, the radial buffer 54, the reduction filter 56, the coordinate converter 58, and the overlay processor 60. The trigger signal is the moment when the radar wave is transmitted, which represents the distance zero. The radar video is stored in the radiation buffer 54 after being digitized by the analog-to-digital converter 52, and the decrement filter 56 then decrements the data of the radiation buffer 54 according to the set display distance. The AZ synchronization signal is the position information of the radar. It can be calculated by the applicator (not shown) in the coordinate converter 58. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 mm) '1153' 1153 4585twf doc / 005 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (f) Polar coordinates (R, e) of the radar video, which are then converted into Cartesian coordinates (χ, Υ) by the back-to-back converter 58. The overlay processor 60 is used to read the display memory 64 on the display interface card (VGA card) arranged in the personal computer 62 according to the rectangular coordinates generated by the coordinate converter 58, and then judge the read data. If there is no text or graphics, the data generated by the reduction filter 56 is written into the display memory 64. Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 at the same time. Figure 5 shows the functional block diagram of the overlay processor in Figure 4. X-first-in-first-out stack (X-FIFO for short) 66 and Y-first-in-first-out stack (Y-FIFO for short) 68 store the rectangular coordinates (χ, Υ) generated by the coordinate converter 58 and D-first-in-first-out stack (D-FIFO for short) 70 stores the data generated by the decrement filter 56. The state machine (State machme) 72 is responsible for mastering the timing and the request of the PCI bus 73. The base address 74 in the figure is the starting address of the display memory 64, and the X-resolution 76 is the resolution of the screen in the X direction (e.g. 128). The right-angle coordinates (X, 存) stored in X-FIFO 66 and Y-FIFO 68 can be converted into the address of display memory 64 by multiplier 78 and adder 80. The state machine 72 sends a request signal / REQ to the PCI bus arbiter 82. After receiving the consent signal / GNT from the PCI bus arbiter 82, the address can be sent out via the signal line AD, and the signal lines CBE, / FRAME And / IRDY will send relevant messages to indicate that memory reading is to be performed. The state machine 7 2 observes the signal lines / DEVSEL and / T RD Y and learns that the pixels have been displayed on the signal line AD of the PCI bus 73. At the same time, the latch (! Atch) 86 will lock the signal line AD And send it to the comparator 84 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -φ
X 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準{ CNS ) Α4规格（210X297公楚） 4 15 3 ' 4 5 Η 51 w Γ. d <> c ·; 〇 Ο 5 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（/Ο 與彩色鍵暫存器88內的資料進行比對。隨即，狀態機器72 觀察比較器84的結果，若允許重疊，舉例來說，若爲一 256 色之調色盤，其中〇〜127色爲彩色，供不能被破壞重寫的 圖文使甩，而128〜255色爲灰階色，供可被重寫的雷達視 .訊使用，當閂鎖器86所送來的圖像訊息不包括在彩色鍵暫 存器88之彩色鍵範圍（〇〜〗27色）內時，則進行記憶體寫入 動作。 上述中，記憶體寫入和記憶體讀取的動作相似，狀態機 器72也是先送出要求訊號/REQ給PCI匯流排仲裁器82， 待收到PCI匯流排仲裁器82的同意訊號/GNT後，即可將 位址和資料經訊號線AD送出，同時訊號線CBE、/FRAME 和/IRDY會送出相關訊息以表示要進行記憶體寫入 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 重疊處理器60可直接對個人電腦62中之顯示介面卡 上的顯示記憶體64進行讀寫動作，每進行一次讀取/比較/ 寫入約需16個匯流排週期(1)115〇>^卜），相當於16\3〇115=0.5 /is。假若螢幕上供雷達視訊顯示的範圍是1024X 1024像 素，由於座標轉換器58是先行考量過重寫和塡補黑洞 (spoking filling)，則每圈掃描（scan)需顯示 3.14X512 X 5 1 2 = 823K像素，以致於每圏掃描期間，匯流排佔用的時間 是82 3 Κ X 0.5 " s =0.412秒η依此，可容許的最高掃描轉速 是 145rpm 〇 由於本裝置的重疊處理器60和電腦主機板上的CPU共 同使用PCI匯流排73，PCI匯流排73的使用權是另由匯流 排仲裁器82來裁決。每回重疊處理器60向仲裁器82提出 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > A4規格（2i0X297公釐〉 424153 _ 4 5 8 5 t w t. doc / 0 0 5 A 7 __B7 五、發明説明（// ) 要求，到匯流排仲裁器82回應（grant)需要3-10個週期，故 實測發現，每進行一次讀取/比較/寫入約需20-24個匯流排 週期，以致於每圈掃描期間，匯流排佔用的時間是823KX 26 X 30nS=0.6秒。依此，可容許的最高掃描轉速是10〇rpm。 目前PCI匯流排的頻率是33MHz，新近AGP埠愈漸普 及，使得本裝置對PCI匯流排的使用更寬裕，可容許的掃 描轉速可再提升。PCI匯流排的頻率將提升至66MHz，還 有尙在討論中的PCIX規格更將PCI匯流排的頻率提升至 133 MHz。如是，可容許的掃描轉速將可再提升。 因此，本發明不僅可達到影像重疊的效果，使得輸入視 訊例如雷達影像與超音波影像等可直接重疊到個人電腦的 螢幕上，而目_也不會破壞到現有畫面上的圖像例如距離環 (range nng)、摘取目標（plots)、追蹤軌跡（tracks)與符號 (symbols)等，更可省略掉習知之圖框緩衝器、記憶/顯示時 序產生器和數位類比轉換器，故可以解決先前習知所提及 的技術缺點與問題。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 綜上所述，本發明提出了一種非常適用於雷達掃描轉換 器的影像混合方法，不同於傳統的雷達影像混合方法與相 關的雷達掃描轉換器架構，使得輸入視訊可直接重疊到個 人電腦的螢幕上，而且又不會破壞到現有畫面上的圖像， 可有效地解決前述習知所遇到之成本增加及電路複雜的問 題。 雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限 定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（2〗0 X 297公釐） ^24153 4 585lvv i. doc/0 0 5 A7 B7 五、發明説明（/>) 範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範 圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者爲準。 請 先 閱 讀 背 Λ 之 注- 意 事 項* 再一 镇 寫 本 頁 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X 297公釐}X Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives. The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard {CNS) A4 (210X297). 4 15 3 '4 5 Η 51 w Γ. D < > c ·; 〇〇 5 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (/ 0 is compared with the data in the color key register 88. Then, the state machine 72 observes the result of the comparator 84. If overlap is allowed, for example, if it is a 256 color tone Color wheel, of which 〇 ~ 127 colors are for color and graphics which cannot be destroyed and rewritten, and 128 ~ 255 colors are for gray scale color, which can be used by radar video which can be rewritten. When the latch is 86 When the sent image information is not included in the color key range (0 ~ 〖27 colors) of the color key register 88, the memory writing operation is performed. In the above, the memory writing and the memory reading The operation is similar. The state machine 72 also sends the request signal / REQ to the PCI bus arbiter 82. After receiving the consent signal / GNT of the PCI bus arbiter 82, the address and data can be sent out via the signal line AD. , At the same time, the signal lines CBE, / FRAME and / IRDY will send relevant messages to indicate that Memories are written by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Employee Consumer Cooperative Printed Overlap Processor 60, which can directly read and write the display memory 64 on the display interface card in the personal computer 62, and perform read / compare / write every time It takes about 16 bus cycles (1) 115〇 (^^), which is equivalent to 16 \ 3〇115 = 0.5 / is. If the range for the radar video display on the screen is 1024X 1024 pixels, since the coordinate converter 58 has considered the rewriting and the filling filling in advance, the scan per circle should be displayed 3.14X512 X 5 1 2 = 823K Pixels, so that during each scan, the time occupied by the bus is 82 3 Κ X 0.5 " s = 0.412 seconds. Therefore, the maximum allowable scan speed is 145 rpm. ○ Due to the overlapped processor 60 and the host computer of this device The CPUs on the board commonly use the PCI bus 73, and the right to use the PCI bus 73 is determined by the bus arbiter 82. Each time the overlapping processor 60 proposes to the arbiter 82 that this paper size is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS > A4 specification (2i0X297 mm) 424153 _ 4 5 8 5 tw t. Doc / 0 0 5 A 7 __B7 V. Description of the invention (//) Request, it takes 3-10 cycles to the bus arbiter 82 response (grant), so the actual measurement found that each read / compare / write takes about 20-24 bus cycles, so that every During the circle scan, the time occupied by the bus is 823KX 26 X 30nS = 0.6 seconds. Based on this, the maximum allowable scan speed is 100rpm. The current frequency of the PCI bus is 33MHz, and the recent popularity of the AGP port makes this The device uses the PCI bus more abundantly, and the allowable scanning speed can be further increased. The frequency of the PCI bus will be increased to 66MHz, and the PCIX specification under discussion will further increase the frequency of the PCI bus to 133 MHz. If so, the allowable scanning speed can be increased again. Therefore, the present invention can not only achieve the effect of image overlap, so that input video such as radar image and ultrasonic image can be directly superimposed on the screen of a personal computer, but Will break The images on the existing screen, such as range nng, plots, tracks and symbols, can also omit the conventional frame buffer and memory / display timing generation. Converter and digital analog converter, so it can solve the technical disadvantages and problems mentioned in the conventional knowledge. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics In summary, the present invention proposes a very suitable for radar scan converter The image mixing method is different from the traditional radar image mixing method and related radar scan converter architecture, so that the input video can be directly superimposed on the screen of the personal computer without destroying the image on the existing screen, which can effectively Solve the problems of increased cost and complicated circuit encountered in the previous practice. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in this art will not depart from the spirit of the present invention. And this paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2〗 0 X 297 mm) ^ 24153 4 585lvv i. Doc / 0 0 5 A7 B7 V. Within the scope of (/ >), various modifications and retouching can be made. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the appended patent application. Please read the note of Λ-Notice * Write this page in Zaiyi Town, printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 mm)