4160 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消资合作社印製 五、發明説明（I ) 本發明涉及一種用於電氣負載的低切換電湧之電力控 制的方法和電路結構，該負載被分爲至少雨個部分負載， 其中爲了獲得所需要的加熱電力，這電氣負載在某一的電 力範圍內係大部份地均勻分佈在該等部份負載之間。 當電源系統上，例如公共的交流系統上的電氣負載變 化時，由於供電線路的阻抗，線路電壓出現變化。這些電 壓變化（也稱作閃爍(nicker))在某些頻率/電壓範圍內人 們係感受到干擾，因此必須根據標準IEC1000-3-3和 IEC1000-3-5將這些電壓變化保持在一個狹窄限度內。如果 必須經常開關例如加熱系統的電氣負載以達到良好的控制 特性時’每個時間單位中只有受限的負載變化可以被切換 。此係透過將全部負載分成單獨的、分離的並且不同時被 切換的部分負載、或者透過將全部負載分爲多個電力級的 方式加以達成。 德國專利第3,601，555 C2號案係說明一個控制元件， 該元件依據電力需要以分級方式電力切換一個電氣連續形 式的加熱元件，其中在一個包括多個系統全波的循環內’ 爲了電力控制，將或多或少的系統半波切換到至少一個加 熱元件上，並且在該循環內出現的正和負的半波數目係爲 相同的。因此，數種不同的控制信號模式係被儲存在一個 電子記憶體中，該模式係依據電力需要透過對應的系統半 波模式切換到一個電氣加熱元件，其中各個模式的每個控 制信號係透過一個半波或者數個連續的系統半波來切換到 該電氣加熱元件上。每個系統半波模式係被設計以使得其 ---------^------1T------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再.·.本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國囷家梂準（CNS > A4規格（210X297公釐） -16029 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局R工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（> ) 短時間的閃爍位準於干擾限度以下，並且該些系統半波模 式係根據電力分級，這些系統半波模式包括數目不同的脈 衝被切換。爲了切換一個包含多個系統半波模式的循環中 之中間電力級，具有不同負載的系統半波模式係連續地被 切換。根據專利說明書所實現的目標係爲所要的抗閃爍結 合一個靈敏的加熱電力控制係可透過訂定不同的系統半波 模式以及透過在固定的循環中處理該等系統半波模式來加 以達成，每個系統半波模式係被儲存在沒有直流電壓的控 制信號模式中。 德國專利第3,726,535 A1中揭示了一種用於電氣負載 之低切換電湧的電力控制方法，其中加熱負載被電氣地分 爲至少兩個輕負載(underload)，並且每個負載的輕負載能夠 選擇性地在串聯電路中的至少三個主電力級中交替地、單 獨或者並聯切換到一個交流系統。從其中一個主電力級開 始，在一個反復運行的至少兩個交流半波的循環中，每個 循環內至少一個半波期間，其被切換至下一較低的主電力 級。該處所使用的切換循環均具有六個半波的長度，這些 半波係根據電力需要而切換。 德國專利第10,504,470 A1中揭示了一個電氣連續形式 的加熱元件，加熱電力的分級係用一種已知的方法來加以 達成，其透過適當地遮去一般爲正弦的加熱電流之部分範 圍。.在零交越點時切換該加熱電流。在此種電氣連續形式 加熱元件中，全部加熱電流被分配到不同的加熱元件上’ 並且單獨的加熱元件都具有一個不同大小的額定加熱電力 (請先閱请背面之注意事項再ift尽頁) ： 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4规格（210X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 416029 A7 _____—_B7 五、發明説明（々） ^ 。借助於一個控制電路，各自的加熱電力被切換到盡可能 多的加熱元件上。以額定加熱電力的1/3步階（〇/3 ’ 1/3 ’ 2/3或者3/3)來對加熱電力分級。在六 個系統半波期間’加熱電力或者加熱電流係被切換到加熱 元件上’其中像已經在德國專利第3,726,535 A1中所公開 的’根據加熱電力來切換相對應數目的半波。因此當1/ 3電力時’切換第一個和第四個半波，當2/3電力時， 切換第二個、第三個和第四個和第五個半波，當3/3電 力時，切換所有的半波。爲了達成所要的電力，係連續地 切換個別的具有不同額定電力的加熱級，其中考慮到**當 下一個較高的加熱級被接到一個部分負載前，所有三個負 載都均勻地配置一個加熱級。 透過這些已經公開的負載分配方法，僅能直接切換一 個負載。透過部分負載之固定、按電力比例的連接以及一 個部分負載的調節之方式來分配該負載。在加熱系統之下 ，特別在涉及加熱空氣時，例如在熱空氣焊接設備中或者 其它的焊接設備和熱空氣設備中，上述分配方法導致在不 同負載範圍內有不同的溫度，因爲部分負載的電力輸出可 能高達1 0 0 %的不同。大幅的溫度與負載之差異係導致 材料應力和加熱元件的過早老化。 根據此技術現狀，電力級可透過控制個別的半波加以 實現，其中此種脈波模式控制可以根據閃爍速率的標準而 僅可用於大約2 _ 5KW內的負載。如果必須控制較大的 負載，那麼必需要大部分爲複雜和昂貴的電路。因爲—般 __6__ 張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公ϋ 裝 訂 線 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項w 冩本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消资合作社印製 ¢16029____^--— 五、發明説明（斗） 係根據電力要求，隨機地連續設定該些脈衝模式，所以在 系統中不能明確地判別出所期望的切換電湧負載。 因此，本發明的目的是提出一種控制負載的可能性’ 它能夠在多數部分負載的一個預先給定的規範內實現無問 爍的切換負載，其中在任何的電力要求下該些部分負載都 均勻地加載。 該目的係根據本發明透過一個具有主要申請專利範圍 項特徵的方法以及透過一個具有申請專利範圍第8項的特 徵之電路結構解決。該方法另外的實施例可以在以主要申 請專利範圍項爲基礎的依附項中獲悉。 在根據本發明的方法中，三個分離的脈衝模式序列A 、：8和(：係從三個連續的系統半波構成，上述系統半波構 成一個所謂的模式週期，其中該等脈衝模式序列係對應到 個別的系統半波，且其負半波係被整流。每個脈衝模式序 列A、B和C在一個預定的週期期間切換至少一個部分負 載，上述預定週期被稱PWM週期，其中根據每個PWM 週期脈衝的最大數目，每個脈衝模式A、B或者C最大係 切換額定電力的三分之一到部分負載，下面稱作脈衝模式 電力。因此，每個部分負載係根據全部電力要求而藉由一 個或者多個脈衝模式序列A、B和C來被切換，所以在1 〇0 %輸出的部分負載的額定電力之下，在整個PWM週 期內，，部分負載係接收每個脈衝模式序列的最大脈衝模式 電力。於是，個別的部分負載在1/3額定電力之下係接 收一個脈衝模式序列，2/3額定電力之下則接收兩個脈 _____7___ 本紙張尺度適用中國I家標準{ CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公廣1 ^ ---------^------ΐτ------.^ (讀先聞讀背面之注意事項存Ji+可s ) 416029_ 五、發明説明（<) A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 衝模式序列。另外，在一個預先選定的PWM週期期間內 ，各自的部分負載係根據全部電力要求’借助於對至少一 個脈衝模式序列作脈衝寬度調變（PWM)、且透過在這 個PWM週期期間各自的脈衝序列A、B或者C的脈衝的 數目而被切換。透過此種可以大致像是任何脈衝模式序列 一般地被執行之脈衝寬度調變，可以設定以上提到的1 / 3和2/3和3/3級之間的中間値。由於此種在三個脈 衝模式上的分配，所以在一個脈衝模式的一個PWM週期 內，三分之一的額定電力係被切換到個別的部分負載上。 然而，在每個脈衝的實際切換過程中，總是切換給部分負 載的完整的額定電力。切換總是在1/3的加倍系統頻率 下完成，而在一個脈衝模式序列之下1/3的半波頻率係 被切換。PWM週期和半波頻率在與該系統頻率同步化。 還可能以三的倍數繼續細分一個模式週期，但是基本原理 仍然相同並且可以被減到三。總之，透過較長的週期變化 ，降低了個別的部分負載的閃爍和溫度變動。 根據本發明的另一實施例，部分負載的切換級的數目 可以透過模式週期的數目來加以設定。因此，可以影響以 上提到的透過P WM產生的中間値的精確度。 根據另外特別較佳的實施例，脈衝模式調變係僅對一 個像是脈衝模式序列A的脈衝模式序列來加以執行，其中 該脈衝模式序列可以被切換到任一個部分負載上。當超過 此脈衝模式序列A、B和/或C的最大脈衝模式電力時， 下一個空閒的脈衝模式序列例如B或者C係以最大的脈衝 ____8_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS )厶4爽格（210X297公釐） ---------批衣------1T------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項Η 寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 41.6 d2 9__b7 ____ 五、發明説明（k ) ' 模式電力被切換，並且根據全部電力要求降低脈衝模式A 的脈衝的數目。此係被完成使得各自的脈衝模式序列具有 以上提到的部分負載之最大的脈衝模式電力（額定電力的 三分之一）’並且PWM係再度用該已經降低的脈衝模式 序列A執行。這允許電力的精密分級以及對於個別的部分 負載之分配。爲了在設定所要的電力時，將電力均勻分配 到個別的部分負載上，根據另一個特別較佳的實施例，將 被切換到另外一個部份負載上的下一個空閒的、脈衝模式 序列係以最大脈衝模式電力切換到該部分負載。在一個P WM週期內’將要被切換的電力已經被分配到不同的部分 負載上。 鑒於一個盡可能簡單的電路設計和一個盡可能小的閃 爍速率’爲了设疋所要的全部電力，根據另一實施例，循 環地交換脈衝模式序列和其至部分負載的連接。此係被完 成使得在一個脈衝模式序列A、B和C再度被配置連接到 最大的脈衝模式電力之前，首先所有的脈衝模式序列A、 B和C被配置了最大的脈衝模式電力。 爲了進一步改善閃燥速率，在接下來的PWM週期內 ’已經PWM調變後的脈衝模式序列A被分配給下一個、 還沒有被PWM調變的部分負載。因此，在脈衝模式序列 A中的P WΜ從一個部分負載被指定路徑到下一個部分負 載上1 ’因此在連續的PWM週期內每一個別的部分負載係 •接收至少部份的所要求電力。因此，在個別的部分負載之 間並沒有大幅的電力差異。此外，此種可能性係允許降低 -----ϋ I- I 1J 訂 I r IΪ1 r— ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再/ 本頁) 本紙乐尺度適财國_家梯华（CNS) Α4規格（21()><297公爱） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消资合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 並且可靠地遵循閃爍速率。 後者係透過根據另一實施例而特別進一步改進：PW 調變後的脈衝模式序列係連續地以循環交換被分配給個別 的部分負載，並且同時兩個相互連續的PWM週期的PW 調變的脈衝模式序列係在對稱中央之下，被配置在兩個P WM週期之間°這意味著例如在一個P WM週期開始時的 P W調變後的脈衝模式序列A在這個脈衝模式序列的末尾 係被安排在相對於這兩個P WM週期間的中間爲下一個p WM週期之鏡像。像以上已經提到的，在第一個PWM週 期內的脈衝模式序列A從一個部分負載改變成一下一個P WM週期內的下一個部分負載。此一直在兩個相互連續的 PWM週期間繼續，因此在偶數個部分負載之下，一個系 統週期在它結束負載連接後透過單獨的脈衝模式序列重新 從頭開始，從偶數個所使用的部分負載的數目得出；而在 奇數個部分負載之下，系統週期兩倍於部分負載的數目中 得出。此以一種特別的方式來避免不希望的閃爍，因爲沒 有將會對於系統電壓引起閃爍的切換動作執行於PW調變 的脈衝模式序列從一個部負載切換到下一個部分負載時。 僅有一個部分負載被切換成關閉’並且同時下一個部分負 載係被切換成導通。由於此種循環交換’相同的過程也用 接收最大脈衝模式電力的脈衝模式以及交替地分配給其之 部分負載加以進行。4160 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (I) The present invention relates to a method and circuit structure for power control of a low switching surge of an electrical load. In order to obtain the required heating power, this electrical load is mostly evenly distributed between these partial loads within a certain power range. When the electrical load on a power system, such as a public AC system, changes, the line voltage changes due to the impedance of the power supply line. These voltage changes (also known as nickels) are perceived as interference in certain frequency / voltage ranges. Therefore, these voltage changes must be kept within a narrow limit according to the standards IEC1000-3-3 and IEC1000-3-5. Inside. If, for example, the electrical load of a heating system must be switched frequently to achieve good control characteristics, only limited load changes can be switched in each time unit. This is achieved by dividing the entire load into separate, separate, and not switched partial loads at the same time, or by dividing the entire load into multiple power levels. German Patent No. 3,601,555 C2 describes a control element that switches power in an electrically continuous form in a hierarchical manner according to the power requirements, in a cycle that includes multiple systems full-wave. 'For power control, More or less system half-waves are switched to at least one heating element, and the number of positive and negative half-waves that appear in this cycle is the same. Therefore, several different control signal modes are stored in an electronic memory. This mode is switched to an electric heating element through the corresponding system half-wave mode according to the power needs. Each control signal of each mode is transmitted through a A half-wave or several consecutive system half-waves are switched to the electric heating element. Each system's half-wave mode is designed so that its --------- ^ ------ 1T ------ line (Please read the precautions on the back first ... ) This paper size applies to China's family standards (CNS > A4 size (210X297 mm) -16029 A7 B7 Printed by R Industrial Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of invention (>) Short-term blinking level Below the interference limit, and the system half-wave modes are graded according to power, these system half-wave modes include different numbers of pulses to be switched. In order to switch the intermediate power level in a cycle containing multiple system half-wave modes, there are different The system's half-wave mode of the load is continuously switched. The goal achieved according to the patent specification is to achieve the desired anti-flicker combined with a sensitive heating power control system. It can be set by different system half-wave modes and through a fixed cycle. These system half-wave modes are processed to achieve, each system half-wave mode is stored in a control signal mode without DC voltage. German Patent No. 3,726,535 A1 discloses a low-cut for electrical loads A power control method for a surge, in which a heating load is electrically divided into at least two light loads, and the light load of each load can be selectively alternated in at least three main power levels in a series circuit, Switch to an AC system separately or in parallel. Starting from one of the main power stages, in a cycle of at least two AC half-waves that are run repeatedly, it is switched to the next lower period during at least one half-wave in each cycle The main power stage. The switching cycles used here have a length of six half-waves. These half-waves are switched according to the needs of electricity. German Patent No. 10,504,470 A1 discloses an electrically continuous heating element, which classifies the heating power. This is achieved by a known method, by appropriately masking out a part of the generally sinusoidal heating current .. The heating current is switched at the zero crossing point. In this type of electrically continuous heating element, all The heating current is distributed to different heating elements' and the individual heating elements have a nominal heating of different sizes Electricity (please read the precautions on the back first, and then complete the ift page): This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 mm) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 416029 A7 _______B7 5 Explanation of the invention (々) ^. With the help of a control circuit, the respective heating power is switched to as many heating elements as possible. With the 1/3 step of the rated heating power (0/3 '1/3' 2 / 3 or 3/3) to classify the heating power. During the six system half-waves, the 'heating power or heating current is switched to the heating element', which is like the one disclosed in German Patent No. 3,726,535 A1, according to the heating power To switch the corresponding number of half-waves. So when 1/3 power is' switching the first and fourth half-waves, when 2/3 power is switching the second, third and fourth and fifth half-waves, when 3/3 power When switching, all half waves are switched. In order to achieve the required power, the individual heating stages with different rated power are continuously switched, taking into account that ** when the next higher heating stage is connected to a partial load, all three loads are evenly configured with a heating level. With these published load distribution methods, only one load can be switched directly. The load is distributed by means of fixed partial load, connection in proportion to power, and adjustment of a partial load. Under heating systems, especially when it comes to heated air, such as in hot air welding equipment or other welding equipment and hot air equipment, the above distribution method results in different temperatures in different load ranges because part of the load's electricity The output may differ by up to 100%. The large temperature and load difference results in material stress and premature aging of the heating element. According to the status quo of this technology, the power stage can be realized by controlling individual half-waves, where such pulse wave mode control can be used only for loads within approximately 2 _ 5 KW according to the standard of flicker rate. If large loads must be controlled, then most of the complex and expensive circuits must be required. Because—generally __6__ Zhang scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2 丨 0X297 public 装 binding line (please read the precautions on the back first 冩 this page) Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ¢ 16029 ____ ^ --- 5. Description of the invention (bucket) The pulse modes are set continuously and randomly according to the power requirements, so the desired switching surge load cannot be clearly identified in the system. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to propose A possibility to control the load 'It is able to realize the no-flicker switching load within a predetermined specification of most partial loads, wherein the partial loads are uniformly loaded under any power requirements. The purpose is based on this The invention is solved by a method having the characteristics of the main scope of patent application and by a circuit structure having the characteristics of the scope of patent application No. 8. Other embodiments of the method can be found in the dependent items based on the main scope of patent application. In the method according to the invention, three separate pulse pattern sequences A,: 8 and (: are from three consecutive The system half-wave is composed of the above-mentioned system half-waves, which constitute a so-called mode period, in which the pulse pattern sequences correspond to individual system half-waves, and their negative half-wave systems are rectified. C switches at least one part of the load during a predetermined period. The above-mentioned predetermined period is called a PWM period, and according to the maximum number of pulses in each PWM period, each pulse mode A, B, or C is switched by one-third of the rated power. One to a partial load is hereinafter referred to as pulse mode power. Therefore, each partial load is switched by one or more pulse mode sequences A, B, and C according to the total power requirement, so the output at 100% Under the rated power of the partial load, during the entire PWM cycle, the partial load receives the maximum pulse mode power of each pulse mode sequence. Therefore, the individual partial load receives a pulse mode sequence under the 1/3 rated power. Under two-thirds of rated power, two pulses are received _____7___ This paper size applies to China's I standard {CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 public broadcasting 1 ^ -------- -^ ------ ΐτ ------. ^ (Read the notes on the back to read Ji + 可 s) 416029_ V. Description of the invention (<) A7 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Cooperative Squeeze mode sequence. In addition, during a pre-selected PWM period, each part of the load is based on all power requirements' by means of pulse width modulation (PWM) of at least one pulse mode sequence, and through this PWM cycle The number of pulses in each pulse sequence A, B or C is switched during this period. Through this kind of pulse width modulation, which can be performed almost like any pulse pattern sequence, the above mentioned 1/3 and 2 can be set Intermediate trance between / 3 and 3/3 levels. Due to this distribution in three pulse modes, one-third of the rated power system is switched to individual partial loads within one PWM cycle of one pulse mode. However, during the actual switching of each pulse, it is always switched to the full rated power of the partial load. Switching is always done at 1/3 of the doubled system frequency, and 1/3 of the half-wave frequency is switched below a pulse pattern sequence. The PWM period and half-wave frequency are synchronized with the system frequency. It is also possible to continue to subdivide a model cycle by a multiple of three, but the basic principle is still the same and can be reduced to three. In short, through longer period changes, the flicker and temperature variation of individual partial loads are reduced. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the number of switching stages of the partial load can be set by the number of mode cycles. Therefore, the accuracy of the intermediate chirp generated by the P WM mentioned above can be affected. According to another particularly preferred embodiment, the pulse mode modulation is performed on only one pulse mode sequence like the pulse mode sequence A, wherein the pulse mode sequence can be switched to any partial load. When the maximum pulse mode power of this pulse mode sequence A, B, and / or C is exceeded, the next idle pulse mode sequence such as B or C is based on the maximum pulse ____8_ This paper standard applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) 4 Shuangge (210X297 mm) --------- Approve clothes ------ 1T ------ ^ (Please read the notes on the back first Η Write this page) Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Employee Consumption Cooperative 41.6 d2 9__b7 ____ V. Description of the Invention (k) 'Mode power is switched, and the number of pulses in pulse mode A is reduced according to all power requirements. This system is completed so that the respective pulse mode sequence has the above-mentioned maximum pulse mode power (one-third of the rated power) of the partial load and the PWM system is executed again with the reduced pulse mode sequence A. This allows precise grading of power and distribution of individual partial loads. In order to evenly distribute power to individual partial loads when setting the required power, according to another particularly preferred embodiment, the next idle, pulsed mode sequence that is switched to another partial load is based on Maximum pulse mode power is switched to this part of the load. In a P WM cycle, the power to be switched has been distributed to different partial loads. In view of a circuit design that is as simple as possible and a flicker rate that is as small as possible ', in order to set all the power required, according to another embodiment, the pulse pattern sequence and its connection to a partial load are exchanged cyclically. This system is completed so that all pulse mode sequences A, B, and C are configured with the maximum pulse mode power before a pulse mode sequence A, B, and C are again configured to be connected to the maximum pulse mode power. In order to further improve the flash rate, in the next PWM cycle, the pulse pattern sequence A that has been PWM-modulated is allocated to the next part of the load that has not yet been PWM-modulated. Therefore, P WM in the pulse pattern sequence A is assigned a path from one partial load to the next partial load 1 ′. Therefore, each individual partial load system in a continuous PWM cycle receives at least part of the required power. Therefore, there is no significant power difference between individual partial loads. In addition, this possibility is allowed to reduce ----- ϋ I- I 1J Order I r IΪ1 r— ^ (Please read the notes on the back before / this page) CNS) Α4 Specification (21 () > < 297 Public Love) Printed by A7 B7, Consumers' Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (1) and reliably follow the flicker rate. The latter is particularly further improved according to another embodiment: the sequence of PW modulated pulse patterns is continuously cyclically exchanged to the individual partial loads, and at the same time two PW modulated pulses of consecutive PWM cycles The pattern sequence is below the center of symmetry and is arranged between two P WM cycles. This means that, for example, the pulse pattern sequence A after PW modulation at the beginning of a P WM cycle is at the end of this pulse pattern sequence. Arranged in the middle of the two P WM cycle periods is a mirror image of the next p WM cycle. As already mentioned above, the pulse pattern sequence A in the first PWM cycle is changed from one partial load to the next partial load in the next P WM cycle. This has continued during two consecutive PWM cycles, so under an even number of partial loads, a system cycle restarts from the beginning through a separate pulse pattern sequence after it has terminated the load connection, starting from the even number of partial loads used Is obtained; and under an odd number of partial loads, the system cycle is twice the number of partial loads. This avoids undesired flicker in a special way, because there is no switching action that will cause flicker to the system voltage when the pulse mode sequence of the PW modulation is switched from one partial load to the next partial load. Only one partial load is switched off 'and at the same time the next partial load is switched on. Because of this cyclic exchange, the same process is also performed using a pulse mode that receives the maximum pulse mode power and a portion of the load that is alternately distributed to it.
根據本發明的電路結構具有一個從三個相互連續的系 統半波中產生三個分離的被整流的脈衝模式序列（A、B I---------私衣------、訂------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再ί 本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家捸準（CNS ) Α4规格（2〗〇Χ 297公釐） 416029 Λ7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印奴 五、發明説明（分） ' C )的模式產生器和控制每個部分負載的控制設備。至 少一個控制設備具有至少一個脈衝寬度調變產生器（PW Μ產生器）’該PWM產生器在一個預先給定的週期持續 時間（PWM週期）內根據全部電力要求產生各自的脈衝 模式序列A、Β和/或c的脈衝相應的數目，並且每個控 制設備具有相應數目的比較器，其中每個控制設備中PW Μ產生器和比較器的總數總計爲三個，並且每個PWM產 生器或者比較器最大切換額定電力的三分之一至部份負載 ，並且透過比較器且結合該模式產生器之下，脈衝模式序 列A、Β或C的其中之一在PWM週期持續時間內可以切 換最大數目的脈衝。此外，電路結構具有邏輯單元，該單 元用於根據全部電力要求在一個可預先給定的P WΜ週期 期間內，透過在這個PWM週期期間各自脈衝模式序列A 、B和/或C的脈衝數目，至少加載一個脈衝模式序列到 各自部分負載，並且該電路結構還具有一個啓動產生器和 比較器的控制元件。 因此本發明可在低切換電湧之下，控制複數個單相或 者三相的負載，其中由可連接的負載所引起的系統的電流 電湧負載透過可以預先精確地加以計算。透過對個別的切 換級和每時間單位脈衝的適當選擇，在考慮相應的閃爍標 準下，對於所給的應用狀況之負載要求相符的最佳化可以 安全地加以實現。電力係被均勻地分配在部分負載之間， 但對於每個新的電力級均不再必須產生一個新的控制方法 。部分負載不必同樣大小’而對於閃爍速率而言，同樣大 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ---------^------II------^ (讀先閱讀背面之注意事項κ"本頁) 416029 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（γ ) 小的部分負載是有益的。如果產生另外的部分負載，那麼 可以在少許的變化之下，將這些應用到整體的電路系統中 ，而不改變該方法的原理。基本原則也可以應用到三相的 負載（在星形或者三角形的連接方式）能夠改用的，其中 特別在三角形連接的負載時，必須以熟息此項技術者所熟 悉來避免系統的不平衡的方式考量到三相系統的特性。在 多個負載時，星形連接的負載在關於單相時則動作如單相 的負載。在使用一個適於兩個部分負載之電路結構時，對 於兩個單相負載或者對於三相的負載爲了低切換電湧控制 而可以使用這個電路結構。此種控制在（空氣）加熱器是 特別有利的，因爲全部負載被均勻地加熱，並且從一個部 分負載到下一個部分負載的空氣溫度沒有受到大的波動。 此外，由於均勻控制之微小的溫度差異，繞組受到一個較 小的應力。在高電力之下，對加熱繞組不必做如此高的要 求。 下面根據實施例結合所附的圖式詳細地說明本發明’ 該些圖式係顯示' 圖1基於系統頻率的脈衝模式分配； 圖2用於具有不同的電力要求之兩個負載的一個脈衝 模式； 圖3用於具有不同的電力要求，並且具有與圖2相比 不同.數目的每個P WΜ級的模式週期之三個負載的一個脈 衝模式； 圖4 ( a )比較級所要求的電力分配；（b )—個Ρ 12 ----穿-- C請先閱讀背面之注意事項*-. 馬本頁) *νβ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公嫠） A7 B7 416029 五、發明說明（） WM電路級的脈衝任務因數(duty factor)和（c )根據電力 要求將輸出電力分配到脈衝模式上；和 圖5用於兩個部份負載的一個電路結構。 圖1示出了脈波模式分配，具有一個交流系統W和分 配給交流系統半波的脈衝模式序列A、B、C。部分負載 係分別藉由這些脈衝模式序列A、B與C來加以控制。每 一個脈衝模式序列可以被分配一個或者多個部分負載，以 便於影響切換過程。在接下來的實施例中，三個系統半波 以及被指定給它們的個別脈衝模式序列A、B、C之脈衝 係構成一個模式週期。 圖2示出了脈衝模式在基本上兩個P WM週期內對於 具有兩個部分負載全部電力的8%、18%、33%、6 0 %和9 3 %之四個不同的負載級。在這個實施例中，每 PWM週期係建立八個切換級。在一個最大電力爲部分負 載的額定電力之3 3 % (= 1/3 )時，因而每個切換級 大約可以切換額定電力的4 %(33% + 8 = 4%)。此 外，每個PWM切換級的一個模式週期（=3個半波）係 被選擇。在一個PWM週期內可用的半波的數目從下面的 公式中得出： 切換級的數目*(每個切換級模式週期的數目*每個 模式週期之波的數目）。 在根據圖2的實施例中，在一個PWΜ週期內此係產 生2 4個半波，8 * ( 1 * 3 )。在實施例中，爲簡化起 見，每個半波均指定大寫字母A、Β或者C。因爲有兩個 負載並且因此有偶數個負載，所以一個全部週期係由兩個 13 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --------— I— ---- l· ---訂·!----!線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 416029 A7 B7 五、發明説明（l \ ) PWM週期所構成。在全部週期後，這個過程從頭再開始 。爲了解釋淸楚，在每個模式週期中係表示出藉由連接一 個用於各個部分負載的模式所獲得的電力增長。第二個模 式週期是第一個模式週期的鏡像，因此相應的對於第二個 模式週期，切換級値在接近第二個模式週期結束時係減少 。在此圖中，脈衝模式A、B或者C的各個脈衝之連接係 藉由X加以表示。 在該些實施例中，脈衝模式A仍然被P W調變，而其 它的脈衝模式在一個PWΜ週期內或者完全地切換成導通 或者完全的斷開。由於在PWM週期的全部長度內一個像 是例如Β之脈衝模式的連接到一個部分負載之緣故，在這 段時間內，部份負載係接收到額定電力的3 3 %。 爲了設定所要的電力要求，所要的電力必須被分配到 個別的部分負載上，因而只有一個被分配到部分負載上的 脈衝模式Α被脈衝寬度調變，而其它所有的脈衝模式在整 個PWM週期內均被連接。在一個具有1 8 %額定電力要 求的例子中，在第一個PWM週期內，借助於脈衝模式B ，此係產生第二個部份負載之完全連接，並且僅在第一個 切換級期間，借助於脈衝模A，係產生第一個部分負載之 連接。這總計給予3 7 %的電力，被分配到兩個負載（在 平均値），從而計算出大約18%的全部電力。在第一個 PW~M週期後，第二個部分負載係被配置該被PW調變後 的脈衝模式A，而第一個部分負載則被完全提供脈衝模式 B。此種循環交換以及在兩個連續的PWM週期之中間點 ---------裝------IT------^ (諳先閱讀背面之注意事項I 舄本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印奴 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準{ CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 416029 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（ 的鏡像對稱係用作降低閃燦連率，因爲在系統側並不可能 檢測出一個部分負載已被切換成斷開，而另—個部分負載 則被切換成導通，並且爲了連續加熱的目的，它也可用來 達成電力均勻的分配至該些部分負載。在第二個p WM週 期後，結束系統週期，並且此過程重頭再開始。在所有說 明的電力要求之例子中均實行這個原理° 在8%的電力要求中’在第—個PWM週期內只有第 一個部分負載接收到脈衝模式A。對於第二個部分負載的 改變則發生在第二個PWM週期內。全部電力總計爲1 6 %/2 = 8 %。 在3 3 %的電力要求中，在此實施例下，脈衝模式序 列C被完全地切換到第一個部分負載，並且脈衝模式序列 B被切換到第二個部分負載。在一個PWM週期的結束後 ，部分負載到脈衝模式序列的指定係如同圖中所示地改變 〇 在6 0 %的電力要求中，在第一個PWM週期期間， 第二個部分負載係完全地配置以脈衝模式序列A和脈衝模 式序列B，此得出6 Θ %的部分負載配置。第一個部分負 載係完全地配置以脈衝模式序列c ’並且在脈衝模式序列 A執行一個PWM，此產生第一個部分負載的2 配置 。對於第一個部分負載，這總共給出大約5 3 %，因此從 中得出一個大約60%(53%+66%)/2的全部負 載。在第一個P wΜ週期結束後，上述的切換鏡像和連接 的換向係被執行。在每個額外的PWM週期也同樣地執行 ____ 15__ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項*-舄本頁) •裝· 訂 416029 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（0 ) 之。 類似地，9 3 %的全部電力係從圖2中所示的脈衝模 式序列中得出。此後在第一個p WM週期期間，第二個部 分負載係被配置1 0 0 %，而第一個部分負載透過脈衝模 式序列B和C而配置6 6 %而透過P W調變後的脈衝模式 序列A配置2 0 %。此係產生對於全部負載大約9 3 % ( 1 8 6 %/2 )。 圖3與圖2相類似，其係顯示一個脈衝模式，但它具 有三個負載。此外，在這個實施例中，選擇每個切換級兩 個模式週期。此外，對於脈衝寬度調變的切換級同樣被設 定在兩個，因此產生每個切換級大約1 6 % ( 3 3 2 )。結果一個PWM週期具有2 * ( 2 * 3 ) = 1 2個半 波。在這個圖3中用於說明的實施例中，係選擇三種5 % 、4 5 %和8 3 %的電力要求。正如同以上，只有脈衝模 式序列A進行脈衝寬度調變，並且如上所述地切換，從第 一個PWΜ週期內一個部分負載、到下一個PWΜ週期內 的第二個負載上、並且然後在第三個週期內切換到第三個 部分負載上。在此同樣地，兩個相互連續的PWM週期的 脈衝模式序列之切換的脈衝係與這兩個相互連續的PWM 週期的中間點對稱，以便於得到對閃燦速率有利的切換値 。由於是奇數個負載數目，對於一個系統週期而言六個Ρ WM，週期是必要的，直到這個循環重頭再開始爲止。由於 模式週期的數目之選擇，對於最小的電力値必須切換一個 具有兩個脈衝的脈衝模式序列。在第一個PWM週期期間 16 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項""'本頁)The circuit structure according to the invention has a sequence of three separate rectified pulse patterns (A, B I --------- Private clothes ----- -、 Order ------ ^ (Please read the notes on the back first and then this page) This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) Α4 size (2〗 〇〇297 mm) 416029 Λ7 B7 Ministry of Economy Intellectual Property Council Consumer Consumption Cooperative Indus V. Invention Description (Sub) 'C) Mode generator and control equipment to control each partial load. At least one control device has at least one pulse width modulation generator (PW M generator) 'The PWM generator generates its own pulse pattern sequence A, according to all power requirements within a predetermined period duration (PWM period), The corresponding number of pulses of B and / or c, and each control device has a corresponding number of comparators, where the total number of PW M generators and comparators in each control device totals three, and each PWM generator or The comparator can switch one-third of the rated power to a part of the maximum load, and through the comparator and combined with the mode generator, one of the pulse pattern sequences A, B or C can switch the maximum during the duration of the PWM cycle. Number of pulses. In addition, the circuit structure has a logic unit for the number of pulses of the respective pulse pattern sequence A, B, and / or C during a PWM period during a predeterminable P WM period according to all power requirements, At least one pulse pattern sequence is loaded to the respective partial load, and the circuit structure also has a control element that starts the generator and the comparator. Therefore, the present invention can control a plurality of single-phase or three-phase loads under a low switching surge, in which the current of the system caused by a connectable load can be accurately calculated in advance. Through the appropriate selection of individual switching stages and pulses per time unit, and taking into account the corresponding flicker standards, the optimization of the load requirements for the given application conditions can be safely achieved. The power system is evenly distributed between the partial loads, but it is no longer necessary to generate a new control method for each new power stage. Part of the load does not have to be the same size, but the same for the flicker rate. 11 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) --------- ^ ------ II ------ ^ (Read the precautions on the back κ " this page) 416029 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (γ) A small part of the load is beneficial. If another partial load is generated, these can be applied to the overall circuit system with a small change without changing the principle of the method. The basic principle can also be applied to three-phase loads (in the star or delta connection mode), which can be used instead. Especially in the case of delta-connected loads, it must be familiar to those skilled in the art to avoid system imbalance. The method takes into account the characteristics of the three-phase system. In the case of multiple loads, a star-connected load acts as a single-phase load when it is related to a single phase. When using a circuit structure suitable for two partial loads, this circuit structure can be used for low switching surge control for two single-phase loads or for three-phase loads. This type of control is particularly advantageous for (air) heaters because the entire load is heated uniformly and the temperature of the air from one part load to the next is not subject to large fluctuations. In addition, the winding is subjected to a small amount of stress due to a slight temperature difference controlled uniformly. With high power, it is not necessary to make such high demands on the heating windings. In the following, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings according to the embodiments. 'These diagrams are shown.' Figure 1 Pulse mode allocation based on system frequency. Figure 2 One pulse mode for two loads with different power requirements. Figure 3 is for a pulsed mode with three loads with different power requirements and a different number compared to Figure 2. Number of mode cycles per P WM stage; Figure 4 (a) Power required by the comparison stage Allocation; (b) —One P 12 ---- wear-C Please read the notes on the back first *-. This page) * νβ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210X 297 cm) ) A7 B7 416029 V. Description of the invention () WM circuit-level pulse duty factor (duty factor) and (c) The output power is allocated to the pulse mode according to the power requirements; and Figure 5 is a circuit for two partial loads structure. Fig. 1 shows a pulse wave pattern distribution, having an AC system W and a sequence of pulse patterns A, B, C assigned to the half wave of the AC system. Partial load is controlled by these pulse pattern sequences A, B and C, respectively. Each pulse mode sequence can be assigned one or more partial loads to facilitate affecting the switching process. In the following embodiment, the three system half-waves and the pulse trains of the individual pulse pattern sequences A, B, and C assigned to them constitute a mode cycle. Figure 2 shows the pulse mode for four different load levels of 8%, 18%, 33%, 60% and 93% of the total power with two partial loads in basically two PWM cycles. In this embodiment, eight switching stages are established every PWM cycle. When a maximum power is 33% (= 1/3) of the rated power of a partial load, each switching stage can switch about 4% of the rated power (33% + 8 = 4%). In addition, one mode period (= 3 half waves) of each PWM switching stage is selected. The number of half-waves available in a PWM cycle is derived from the following formula: Number of switching stages * (number of mode cycles per switching stage * number of waves per mode cycle). In the embodiment according to Fig. 2, this line generates 24 half waves, 8 * (1 * 3) in one PWM cycle. In the embodiment, for simplicity, each half-wave is assigned an uppercase letter A, B, or C. Because there are two loads and therefore an even number of loads, one full cycle is made up of two 13 paper sizes that apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) --------- I — ---- l · --- Order ·! ----! Line (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 416029 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( l \) constituted by the PWM period. After all cycles, the process starts again from the beginning. To explain this, the power increase obtained by connecting a mode for each partial load is shown in each mode cycle. The second mode cycle is a mirror image of the first mode cycle, so correspondingly for the second mode cycle, the switching level 値 decreases towards the end of the second mode cycle. In this figure, the connection of each pulse of the pulse pattern A, B or C is indicated by X. In these embodiments, the pulse mode A is still modulated by the P W, while other pulse modes are either completely switched to on or completely off in a PWM cycle. Because a pulse mode like, for example, B is connected to a partial load over the entire length of the PWM cycle, during this time, the partial load receives 33% of the rated power. In order to set the required power requirements, the required power must be distributed to individual partial loads, so only one pulse mode A assigned to the partial load is modulated by the pulse width, and all other pulse modes are within the entire PWM cycle. Are all connected. In an example with 18% of the rated power requirement, in the first PWM cycle, with the help of pulse mode B, this is a full connection of the second partial load, and only during the first switching stage, With the help of pulse mode A, the first partial load connection is generated. This gives a total of 37% of the power, which is distributed to two loads (at average 値), which calculates about 18% of the total power. After the first PW ~ M cycle, the second partial load is configured with the pulse mode A modulated by the PW, and the first partial load is fully provided with the pulse mode B. This kind of cyclic exchange and at the midpoint between two consecutive PWM cycles -------------------------------- IT Page) The paper size of the Indian consumer slave cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is in accordance with the Chinese national standard {CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 416029 It is used to reduce the flash connection rate, because it is impossible to detect that one part of the load has been switched to disconnected on the system side, and the other part of the load has been switched to on, and it can also be used for continuous heating purposes. To achieve the even distribution of power to these partial loads. After the second p WM cycle, the system cycle is ended, and the process restarts. This principle is implemented in all the examples of power requirements described. In the power requirement, only the first partial load receives the pulse mode A in the first PWM cycle. The change in the second partial load occurs in the second PWM cycle. The total power is 16% / 2 = 8%. At 3 3% In this embodiment, in this embodiment, the pulse mode sequence C is completely switched to the first partial load, and the pulse mode sequence B is switched to the second partial load. After the end of one PWM cycle, the partial load The designation to the pulse mode sequence is changed as shown in the figure. In the 60% power requirement, during the first PWM cycle, the second partial load system is fully configured with the pulse mode sequence A and the pulse mode sequence. B, this results in a partial load configuration of 6 Θ%. The first partial load is fully configured in pulse mode sequence c 'and a PWM is performed in pulse mode sequence A, which results in a first partial load of 2 configuration. For The first partial load, which gives a total of about 53%, so a total load of about 60% (53% + 66%) / 2 is derived from it. After the end of the first P wM cycle, the above-mentioned switching mirror The connected commutation system is performed. The same is performed in every additional PWM cycle ____ 15__ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back first Item *-舄 This page) • Binding · Order 416029 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (0). Similarly, 93% of all electricity is generated from the electricity shown in Figure 2. It is derived from the pulse mode sequence. Thereafter during the first p WM cycle, the second partial load is configured with 100%, while the first partial load is configured with pulse mode sequences B and C and 66% through The pulse pattern sequence A after PW modulation is configured at 20%. This system generates approximately 93% (186% / 2) for the entire load. Figure 3 is similar to Figure 2 in that it shows a pulse mode, but it has three loads. Furthermore, in this embodiment, two mode cycles are selected per switching stage. In addition, the switching stages for pulse width modulation are also set at two, so each switching stage generates approximately 16% (3 3 2). As a result, one PWM cycle has 2 * (2 * 3) = 1 2 half-waves. In the embodiment used for illustration in FIG. 3, three kinds of 5%, 45, and 83% power requirements are selected. As above, only the pulse pattern sequence A is pulse width modulated and switched as described above, from a partial load in the first PWM cycle to a second load in the next PWM cycle, and then at the first Switch to the third partial load in three cycles. Here again, the pulse system of the switching of the two consecutive PWM cycle pulse pattern sequences is symmetrical to the middle point of the two consecutive PWM cycles, so as to obtain a switch that is beneficial to the flash rate 値. Because it is an odd number of loads, six P WMs are necessary for one system cycle, and the cycle is necessary until the cycle starts again. Due to the choice of the number of mode cycles, a pulse mode sequence with two pulses must be switched for the smallest power. During the first PWM cycle 16 (Please read the note on the back first " " this page)
L -s Τ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS Μ4規格（210Χ 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 416029 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（ ，其它的脈衝模式序列B和C保持斷開，因此脈衝模式序 列A在部分負載1上佔有了大約1 6 %的電力，而在其它 兩個部分負載上，餘下的脈衝模式序列則佔用〇 %電力。 從而得出平均値大約5 %。L -s Τ This paper size applies to the Chinese national standard (CNS M4 specification (210 × 297 mm)) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 416029 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (, other pulse pattern sequences B and C are maintained Off, so pulse pattern sequence A occupies about 16% of the power on part load 1, and on the other two part loads, the remaining pulse pattern sequence occupies 0% of power. This gives an average 値 of about 5% .
在4 5 %電力要求時的情況與之類似，其中在第一個 PWM週期內，第一個部分負載被配置完整的脈衝模式序 列A，即在這種情況下，於此處並沒有PWM。在一個P WM週期內，第二個部分負載完全配置以脈衝模式序列A 和B，並且第三個部分負載完全配置以脈衝模式序列C。 此產生第一個部分負載的3 3%配置，第二個部分負載的 6 7 %，第三個部分負載的3 3 %，對於此三個部分負載 產生大約全部値的4 4%。在第一個PWM週期後，如同 以上多次重複提到的，再次實現循環交換和關於兩個相互 連續的PWM週期的中間點的鏡像。然而，由於脈衝模式 序列的完全配置的緣故，在這裡鏡像不能淸楚地如具有5 %電力要求的例子一般地顯露出來。在第二個PWM週期 內，脈衝模式序列A被切換到第二個部分負載，而開始時 被切換到第三個部分負載的脈衝模式序列C現在則被切換 到第一個部分負載。於是，原先被切換到第二個部份負載 的脈衝模式序列A與B，現在被切換到第三個部分負載。 此種循環交換係從一個P WΜ週期繼續到下一個P WΜ週 期I 於是，圖3中8 3 %電力要求係從在第一個PWM週 期內脈衝模式序列Β和C配置6 6 %給第一個部分負載， ___17___ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） ---------^------,玎------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項*5¾本頁) 416029 A7 B7 五、發明説明（\ <) 並且1 6%用於P W調變脈衝模式序列A，由脈衝模式序 列A和C配置1 0 〇 %給第二個部分負載並且提供6 6 % 給第三個部分負載而得出。此產生2 4 8 %的總額（（6 6%+16%)+1〇〇%+66%)，當分配到三個負 載時（248%/3)大約爲83%。在接下來的週期內 ，再次在部分負載之間實行脈衝模式序列的循環交換。在 六個PWM週期後，結束一個系統週期。 爲了實現根據本發明的方法，所要求的電力分配到比 較級（比較器），並且個別的比較器總是被分成均勻的電 力級，且在1 0 0 %電力內保持爲作動的。比較器的數目 係依負載的分配而定，其中從下面的等式中得出比較器的 數目： 比較器的數目=3 * (部分負載的數目）一公。 圖4 a係顯示一個圖表說明分配到五個比較器上的所 要求的電力L A，在兩個部分負載時，上述比較器爲必需 的。明顯看出比較器I係被切換在1 7 %，在全部電力要 求中保持連接。對於其它的比較器Π、m、IV、V而言情 況相類似。 圖4 b顯示說明對於電力要求L A作爲一個例子’對 於具有同樣的雨個負載的一個P WM切換級的脈衝任務因 數T。一個與系統頻率同步且具有下面特性的PWM係被 應甩： 1 解析度和最小的離散步階係爲系統頻率的2/3 1 18 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（2〖OX297公釐) 03 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項«舄本頁) *-<, Γ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 416029 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4) 2 固定的週期長度是系統頻率之3的整數除數； 3 該週期和系統頻率同步； 4 P WM係與一個模式（A、B或者C )連結； 5 選擇的或者首先連接偶數個P WΜ週期並且然後 斷開，並且接著在奇數個PWM週期內首先驅動 斷開的組件，而接著驅動切換的組件，或反之亦 然。因此在切換的組件與斷開的組件之間的脈衝 任務因數係相同於偶數或者奇數的PWM週期， 如同圖2和3中所示與以上所說明的； 6 PWM的脈衝任務因數（調變）係依被控制的部 分負載數目而定。如果使用多個分離的被控制的 電力控制器，那麼如同具有兩個負載的圖中所示 的，此產生：電力要求一 3 *電力控制器的數目 的脈衝任務因數。 圖4 b顯示在1 7 %的電力要求下，脈衝任務因數是 1 0 0%，即在這個電力中，另一個脈衝模式序列完全切 換到一個部分負載。 圖5顯示用於兩個負載L 1和L 2的一個控制電路的 設計之方塊圖，上述負載係例如運作像是在雙向三極體之 邏流體(thyristors，未顯示出)上作爲電力控制器。量取交流 系統的系統頻率，並且透過一個脈衝形成器1將加倍的系 統頻.率輸出到一個模式產生器2，並且將2/3系統頻率 輸出到P WM產生器3。根據圖4 a的比較器K I至K V 係與PWM產生器並聯》因此，數字4表示連接在1/3 本紙乐尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐} ----------^------.ΤΓ------0 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項五¾本頁) 416029 A7 _ B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（q) 電力的比較器Κ π，數字5表示連接在2/3電力的比較 器K IV，數字6表示連接在1 / 6電力的比較器K I，數 字7表示連接在1/2電力的比較器K m，數字8表示連 接在5/6電力的比較器KV。PWM產生器3的輸出和 模式產生器2的輸出A—起被提供給一個AND元件9， 其中PWΜ產生器3產生脈衝模式序列A。用參考符號4 表示的比較器Κ ΠΙ的輸出和模式產生器2在輸出B上輸出 的脈衝模式序列B被一起提供給AND元件1 〇，並且用 參考符號5表示的比較器Κ IV的輸出和模式產生器2在輸 出C上輸出的脈衝模式序列C被一起提供給A N D元件1 1。該些A N D元件的輸出和0 R元件1 5的輸出邏輯耦 合，並且並行輸出到一個AND元件1 8或者2 0。此情 況係類似於用參考符號6、7和8表示的比較器Κ I、K 瓜和Κ IV，它們和脈衝模式序列C、A和B共同被提供給 AND元件12、13或者14 β這個A N D元件1 2、 1 3、1 4的輸出被提供給〇R元件1 6並且它的輸出被 並行輸出到AND元件1 9和2 1。爲了實現上述循環交 換，一個每兩個PWM週期改變一次的PWΜ產生器3的 信號被輸出到一個反相器級1 7，並且它的輸出信號被輸 出到A N D元件1 9和2 0。另外，由P WM產生器3輸 出的信號在沒有反相的情況下被提供給AND元件18和 2 1.。A N D元件1 8和1 9的輸出係透過〇 R元件2 2 而連結，並且AND元件2 0和21的輸出透過OR元件 2 3而連結，並且各自的輸出信號被提供給—個相應的用 ____20_ ^^尺度適用中國國家梯率（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） " (請先閱讀背面之注意事項炎爲本頁) 裝.The situation is similar at 45% power requirement, where in the first PWM cycle, the first partial load is configured with a complete pulse mode sequence A, that is, in this case, there is no PWM here. Within one PWM period, the second partial load is fully configured in pulse mode sequence A and B, and the third partial load is fully configured in pulse mode sequence C. This results in a 33% configuration of the first partial load, 67% of the second partial load, and 33% of the third partial load. For these three partial loads, approximately 4% of the total load is generated. After the first PWM cycle, as mentioned above repeatedly, the cyclic exchange and the mirroring of the intermediate points of two mutually consecutive PWM cycles are realized again. However, due to the full configuration of the pulse pattern sequence, the mirror image cannot be shown here as clearly as the example with a 5% power requirement. In the second PWM cycle, pulse mode sequence A is switched to the second partial load, and pulse mode sequence C, which was initially switched to the third partial load, is now switched to the first partial load. As a result, the pulse pattern sequences A and B, which were switched to the second partial load, are now switched to the third partial load. This cyclic exchange system continues from one P WM cycle to the next P WM cycle I. Thus, 83% of the power requirements in Figure 3 are allocated from the pulse pattern sequences B and C to 66% in the first PWM cycle. Partial load, ___17___ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) --------- ^ ------, 玎 ------ line (please First read the notes on the back * 5¾ This page) 416029 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (\ <) And 16.6% is used for PW modulation pulse pattern sequence A, which is configured by pulse pattern sequence A and C with 100% This is derived from the second partial load and providing 66% to the third partial load. This results in a total of 248% ((66% + 16%) + 100% + 66%), which is approximately 83% when allocated to three loads (248% / 3). In the next cycle, a cyclic exchange of pulse pattern sequences is performed again between the partial loads. After six PWM cycles, one system cycle ends. In order to implement the method according to the present invention, the required power is distributed to a comparison stage (comparator), and the individual comparators are always divided into uniform power stages and remain active within 100% of the power. The number of comparators depends on the load distribution, where the number of comparators is obtained from the following equation: The number of comparators = 3 * (the number of partial loads) is one common. Figure 4a shows a diagram illustrating the required power L A distributed to the five comparators, which are required for two partial loads. It is clear that the comparator I system is switched at 17% and remains connected during all power requirements. The situation is similar for the other comparators Π, m, IV, and V. Fig. 4b shows the impulse task factor T for the power requirement L A as an example 'for a P WM switching stage with the same rain load. A PWM system that is synchronized with the system frequency and has the following characteristics should be dumped: 1 The resolution and the smallest discrete step system are 2/3 of the system frequency. 1 18 This paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2 〖 OX297 mm) 03 (Please read the note on the back «舄 this page) *-<, Γ Printed by the Employees 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 416029 A7 B7 V. Invention Explanation (4) 2 The fixed period length is an integer divisor of 3 of the system frequency; 3 The period is synchronized with the system frequency; 4 P WM is connected to a mode (A, B or C); 5 Selected or first connected even number PWM cycles and then turn off, and then drive the switched-off components first, and then the switched components, or vice versa, for an odd number of PWM cycles. The pulse task factor between the switched and disconnected components is therefore the same as the even or odd PWM period, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 and explained above; 6 The pulse task factor (modulation) of the PWM It depends on the number of partial loads to be controlled. If multiple separate controlled power controllers are used, as shown in the diagram with two loads, this results in: power requirements-a pulse task factor of 3 * number of power controllers. Figure 4b shows that under the 17% power requirement, the impulse task factor is 100%, that is, in this power, another pulse mode sequence is completely switched to a partial load. Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the design of a control circuit for two loads L1 and L2, which, for example, operate as a power controller on a bidirectional triode thyristors (not shown) . Measure the system frequency of the AC system, and output the doubled system frequency through a pulse generator 1 to a pattern generator 2, and output 2/3 of the system frequency to the PWM generator 3. According to Figure 4a, the comparators KI to KV are connected in parallel with the PWM generator. "Therefore, the number 4 indicates that it is connected to 1/3. The paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ------ ---- ^ ------. ΤΓ ------ 0 (Please read the precautions on the back of this page 5 ¾ this page) 416029 A7 _ B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Explanation (q) Power comparator κ π, number 5 means comparator K IV connected to 2/3 power, number 6 means comparator KI connected to 1/6 power, and number 7 means power connected to 1/2 power. Comparator K m, the number 8 indicates the comparator KV connected to 5/6 power. The output of the PWM generator 3 and the output of the pattern generator 2 are provided to an AND element 9 together, where the PWM generator 3 generates a pulse The pattern sequence A. The output of the comparator K1 indicated by the reference symbol 4 and the pulse pattern sequence B output by the pattern generator 2 at the output B are provided together to the AND element 10, and the comparator K indicated by the reference symbol 5 The output of the IV and the pulse pattern sequence C output by the pattern generator 2 on the output C are supplied to the AND element 1 1 together. The outputs of these AND elements are logically coupled to the outputs of the 0 R elements 15 and output to an AND element 18 or 20 in parallel. This situation is similar to the comparators K I, denoted by reference symbols 6, 7 and 8. K and K IV, which are provided to the AND element 12, 13 or 14 together with the pulse pattern sequences C, A and B. The output of this AND element 1 2, 1 3, 1 4 is provided to the OR element 16 and Its output is output to the AND elements 19 and 21 in parallel. In order to achieve the above-mentioned cyclic exchange, the signal of a PWM generator 3 that changes every two PWM cycles is output to an inverter stage 1 7 and its The output signals are output to the AND elements 19 and 20. In addition, the signal output by the P WM generator 3 is supplied to the AND elements 18 and 2 without being inverted. 1. of the AND elements 1 8 and 19 The output is connected through the OR element 2 2, and the outputs of the AND elements 20 and 21 are connected through the OR element 23, and the respective output signals are provided to a corresponding __20_ ^^ scale applicable to the Chinese national ladder Rate (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) " (Please read the back Yan precautions for the page) installed.
，1T 線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明) 於各個負載的負載控制器。借助於控制元件2 4，該電力 要求被提供給P WM產生器3或者比較器4至8並且它們 被相應的啓動。 像已經結合圖2和3說明的，僅對脈衝模式序列A執 行P WM調變，並且和A N D元件9耦合。在電力要求大 於1 7 %，具有參考符號6的比較器K I係被啓動，並且 切換模式序列C。直到下一個比較器連接之前，現在再次 透過P WΜ產生器3和脈衝模式序列A—起進行了脈衝寬 度調變。在電力要求大於3 3 %，啓動用參考符號4表示 的比較器Κ Π，因此切換脈衝模式B。對於所有連續的中 間範圍，如同以上提到的，使用脈衝模式A執行PWM， 並且用參考符號7表示的比較器ΚΙΠ在電力要求大於5 0 %時被啓動，以便於切換脈衝模式序列A ;用參考數字5 表示的比較器KIV在電力要求大於6 7%時被啓動，以便 於切換脈衝模式序列C，用參考數字8表示的比較器KIV 在電力要求大於8 3 %時被啓動，以便於切換脈衝模式序 列B。 圖4 c顯示兩個不同的控制途徑I和Π的電力要求L A和輸出電力A L，在圖5中以虛線表示的，其中控制途 徑I由比較器6、7和8構成，控制途徑Π由PWM產生 器3和比較器4、5構成。圖4 c顯示根據電力要求將輸 出電力分配到脈衝模式上。 從此實施例中淸楚看出在控制負載時一般得出下面的 系統： _21__ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標ϋ"〇Ν5_) Μ規格（210X 297公釐) " I--------^.------ΐτ------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項膏 舄本頁) 416029 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印奴 A7 B7 五、發明説明（d) 1、 必須有和將要控制的負載一樣多的控制途徑。 2、 第一個控制途徑係由兩個比較器和一個PWM所 構成。 3、 每一個額外的控制途徑由三個比較器所構成。 4、 每一個比較器與PWM均被指定給一個脈衝模式 〇 5、 對於一個PWM週期，每個控制途徑係被指定給 一個負載。在下一個PWM週期時，下一個部分負載的控 制係進一步被切換。 6、 PWM僅連結到一個脈衝模式，在此亦即是A。 7、 一個連續的脈衝模式係被指定給每一個另外的控 制途徑（例如控制途徑Π :脈波模式B ;控制途徑瓜：脈 衝模式C :控制途徑IV :脈衝模式A ;控制途徑V :脈衝 模式B;……）。 8、 在分配脈衝模式到每個控制後’繼續進行第一個 控制途徑。其目標是爲配置三個脈衝模式A、B、C給每 個控制途徑。 9、 該些比較器係如同結合圖4 a中所述的一樣被分 級，並且像脈衝模式一樣以上升的順序分配到控制途徑。 該些比較器係被連結到脈衝模式’在增長的電力要求時， 是一直用一種脈衝模式中能以順序A、B、C、A、B、 C'A……的方式切換。 藉由本發明，在遵守相應的閃爍的標準下，可以切換 —個在大約2 KW的電力範圍內的多個負載。電路的設計 ( CNS ) Tmjfi 21 〇>< 297^·* ) 裝 訂 線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項策 舄本頁) A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7 五、發明説明（/3) 越簡單，可供PWM使用之在一個PWM週期內預先提供 的切換級越少。在一個實施例中，實現一個具有3 2個切 換級的PW並且每個切換級有一個脈衝模式。在具有兩個 部分負載之下，此產生具有9 6個半波的一個PWM週期 和一個具有1 9 2個半波的系統週期。 裝 訂 線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項s"本頁) 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4煶格（2丨0X297公釐）, 1T line Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention) Load controller for each load. By means of the control element 24, this power requirement is supplied to the PWM generator 3 or the comparators 4 to 8 and they are activated accordingly. As already explained in connection with Figs. 2 and 3, the P WM modulation is performed only on the pulse pattern sequence A and is coupled to the A N D element 9. When the power requirement is greater than 17%, the comparator K I with reference symbol 6 is activated and the mode sequence C is switched. Until the next comparator is connected, the pulse width modulation is now performed again through the P WM generator 3 and the pulse pattern sequence A together. When the power requirement is greater than 3 3%, the comparator K Π indicated by the reference symbol 4 is started, and therefore the pulse mode B is switched. For all consecutive intermediate ranges, as mentioned above, the pulse mode A is used to perform the PWM, and the comparator KI, denoted by the reference symbol 7, is activated when the power requirement is greater than 50% in order to switch the pulse mode sequence A; use The comparator KIV indicated by reference numeral 5 is activated when the power requirement is greater than 6 7% to facilitate switching of the pulse mode sequence C, and the comparator KIV indicated by reference numeral 8 is activated when the power requirement is greater than 83% to facilitate the switching Pulse pattern sequence B. Figure 4c shows the power requirements LA and output power AL of two different control paths I and Π, which are indicated by dashed lines in Figure 5, where control path I is composed of comparators 6, 7 and 8, and control path Π is PWM The generator 3 and the comparators 4 and 5 are configured. Figure 4c shows the distribution of the output power to the pulse mode according to the power requirements. It is clear from this embodiment that the following system is generally obtained when controlling the load: _21__ This paper size is applicable to the Chinese national standard " 〇Ν5_) Μ specifications (210X 297 mm) " I ------- -^ .------ ΐτ ------ line (please read the notes on the back first to paste this page) 416029 Employees' Cooperative Consumers Cooperative Indo A7 B7 of the Ministry of Economy Intellectual Property Bureau V. Description of Invention (d) 1. There must be as many control paths as there are loads to be controlled. 2. The first control path is composed of two comparators and a PWM. 3. Each additional control path consists of three comparators. 4. Each comparator and PWM are assigned to a pulse mode. 5. For a PWM period, each control path is assigned to a load. At the next PWM cycle, the control system for the next part load is further switched. 6. PWM is only connected to one pulse mode, which is also A in this case. 7. A continuous pulse mode is assigned to each other control path (for example, control path Π: pulse wave mode B; control path: pulse mode C: control path IV: pulse mode A; control path V: pulse mode B; ...). 8. After assigning the pulse mode to each control ', continue to the first control path. The goal is to configure three pulse modes A, B, and C for each control channel. 9. The comparators are staged as described in conjunction with Figure 4a, and are assigned to the control path in ascending order like the pulse mode. These comparators are connected to the pulse mode '. When the power demand is increasing, the pulse mode can be switched in the order of A, B, C, A, B, C'A ... in a pulse mode. With the present invention, multiple loads in the power range of approximately 2 KW can be switched while complying with the corresponding blinking standards. Circuit design (CNS) Tmjfi 21 〇 > < 297 ^ · *) Gutter (please read the precautions on the back of this page first) A7 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs / 3) The simpler it is, the fewer switching stages available in advance for one PWM cycle can be used by the PWM. In one embodiment, a PW with 32 switching stages is implemented and each switching stage has a pulse mode. With two partial loads, this results in a PWM period with 96 half-waves and a system period with 192 half-waves. Binding line (please read the precautions on the back page first) The paper size of this paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 grid (2 丨 0X297 mm)