TW409183B - The method and the device for measuring the inclination angle of powder/grain material stack - Google Patents

Abstract

Put one sensor for projecting the detected light on one lateral l of the circular cone stack having the powder/grain material stacked on one horizontal plane, and the sensor is receiving the light reflected from the illumination point from the sensor light, to detect the distance of the powder/grain material stack having the optical axis with horizontal sensor light. When the sensor is moving in the horizontal direction of the light axis relative to the sensor light, the distance of the measuring point of the run line to each plurality of the powder/grain material stack of the moving road path alone the facing sensor and arranged with angle space and is horizontally detected. The above-mentioned step is proceeded when each time the sensor is vertically moving a predetermined distance. Among each section of the steps, the point that is most in proximity with the sensor has been taken out, to determine the function of the linear approaching all the taken out points from the least square method. Then, the angle of that linear relating to one horizontal plane is being calculated.

Description

Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standard Wheat Bureau of Jingyi Department 409183 Λ7 ____ B7 V. Description of the invention (1) The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the inclination angle of the free surface of a pile of powdery or granular materials. Generally 'in the process of planning and designing a powdered or granular material, in the quality control of powdered or granular material, or in a similar operation', it is necessary to treat the powdered or granular material. There is a clear control of the fluid and jet characteristics of the material. These characteristics are evaluated based on the values of different properties, such as the repose angle and spatula angle that exist when powdery or granular materials are piled up. The conventional angle of repose and spade angle are measured by placing an indexer on the free surface of a pile of powdery or granular material, and reading the scale on the indexer. However, in the above measurement method, when the free surface of the powdery or granular material pile is uneven, the indexer can be placed in more than one method. This means that the measurement results reflect how the measurer performs and evaluates the measurement, and therefore different measurers often get different measurement results from the same measurement test piece. In addition, determining the proper way to place the indexer is time consuming, and therefore the entire measurement Testing takes an excessive amount of time. The object of the present invention is to measure the inclination angle 'of the free surface of a pile of powdery or granular material to remove the difference in measurement results obtained by different measurers, and to reduce the time and effort required for measurement. To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, a method for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material includes: a first step, the A sensor that emits sensor light is placed on one side, and the sensor measures the distance to the point by receiving the light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensor light. The sensor measures 4 paper sizes applicable to China. Standard Engine (CNS) / \ 4 Regulations (2 丨 0X297) ™ --- (Please read the precautions below and fill out this page) Pack 1

W1T Ministry of Central Zhangzhun Bureau, Shellfish Consumer Cooperation, it prints 409183 A7 ------- One ~~ _____ ^ 1,7 V. Description of the Invention (2) A ™ ^ sensor faces the opening through which the light is illuminated. The method of placing the free surface of the powdery or granular material stack and sensing the optical axis in a horizontal direction is run. A second step is to move the sensor in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the optical axis to Detect the distance of each measurement point along a line advancing on the free surface facing the movement path of the sensor, the measurement points are arranged at an angular interval along the line in a horizontal direction, and horizontally It starts from one end in the direction and ends at the other end of the line; a third step, each time the sensor is moved in the vertical direction a certain distance, and each time the sensor is moved in this way, the second step is performed; a fourth step, Take the measurement point closest to the sensor in each segment of the second step, and determine a function of a straight line that approaches all the measurement points by the least square method; and a fifth step, calculated in the fourth step The straight line determined in the middle is related to the tilt angle of a horizontal plane. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material includes: a first step, placing a shot on a cone pile of powdery or granular material stacked on a horizontal plane A sensor that senses light, and the sensor measures the distance to the point by receiving light reflected from a point illuminated by the sensed light, and the sensor faces the powdery or granular material with the opening through which the light irradiates. The method of placing the free surface of the stack and sensing the optical axis in a vertical direction is placed; a second step is to move the sensor in a horizontal direction in a vertical plane including the apex of the powder or granular material stack To detect the distance to each measurement point along the ridge line of the powder or granular material pile, the measurement points are arranged at an angular interval along the ridge line in a horizontal direction, in the horizontal direction Starting from one end and ending at the other end of the line; a third step, the least square method is used to determine a straight line approaching the curve of all measurement points (Please fill in this page for matters) Install ------ Order --- 409183 A7 Ji? 5. Description of the invention (3) function; and a fourth step, calculating the inclination angle of the straight line relative to a horizontal plane determined in the third step. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material includes a first step consisting of a pile of powdery or granular material stacked on a small clock supported horizontally. -A sensor that emits sensing light is placed on the side, and the sensor measures the distance to the point by receiving the amount of light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensing light, and the sensor faces the powder with the opening through which the sensing light is illuminated. The free surface of the pile of granular or granular materials and the optical axis of the sensing light are placed in a horizontal direction; a second step is to move the sensor in the vertical direction to detect each of a plurality of The distance of the measurement points of the line advancing on the free surface facing the movement path of the sensor, the measurement points are arranged at an angular interval along the line in a vertical direction; a third step is determined by the least square method A function of a straight line approaching a curve of all measurement points; and a fourth step 'calculates the angle of the straight line determined in the third step with respect to a horizontal plane. According to another aspect of the present invention, a device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material has: a horizontal plane in which the powdery or granular material is piled up in a pile; a sensor placed on a horizontal plane to pile up One side of the cone-shaped pile of powdery or granular material emits sensing light in a horizontal direction toward the free surface of the powdery or granular material, and is measured by receiving light reflected from a point illuminated by the sensed light. The distance of the point; a mobile device that moves the sensor in vertical and horizontal directions perpendicular to the optical axis of the sensing light; and a control device that controls the mobile device and processes data obtained from the sensor. In this device, each time the sensor moves a certain distance in the vertical direction, and each time it senses 6 paper sizes, it applies to China National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specification (2ΙΟχ.2 [· Π. 公 ίί ,, 1- -------- Installation ------ Order (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Shell Standard Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Printed by the Shell Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs絜 409183 A7 ______ B7 V. Description of the Invention (4) — When the sensor is moved in this way, the sensor is moved in the horizontal direction to detect each of a plurality of free surfaces along the movement path facing the sensor The step of measuring the distance of a line going up, the measurement points are arranged at an angular interval along the line in a horizontal direction, starting at one end in the horizontal direction and ending at the other end of the line: so in each section of the step The measurement point closest to the sensor is taken out and the function of a straight line approaching the curve of all the measurement points is obtained by the least square method; in order to calculate the inclination angle of a straight line determined by this decision with respect to a horizontal plane. Another aspect of the invention, a measure of powder or The device for the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material has: a horizontal plane on which a pile of powdery or granular material is piled up, a sensor, placed on a cone pile of powdery or granular material piled up on a horizontal surface, The free surface of the material is radiated with sensing light in the vertical direction, and the distance to that point is measured by receiving the light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensed light; a movement of H, in—including a pile of powdery or granular material Move the sensor in the horizontal direction in the vertical plane of the vertex; and a control device, control the mobile device and process the data obtained from the sensor. In this device, the J device is moved in the horizontal direction to extract Measure the distance to each measurement point along the ridgeline of the powder or granular material pile. The measurement points are arranged at an angular interval along the ridgeline in a horizontal direction, so it approaches all quantities = points. The function of the straight line of the curve is obtained by the least square method to calculate the angle of the determined straight line relative to a horizontal plane. According to another aspect of the present invention, a device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material has: First level support Small clock;-sensor, placed on the side of the pile of powdery or granular materials stacked on the small clock, facing powdery or t ------ ΐτ. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page) 7 ----------------- 409183 A7 H7 V. Description of the invention (5) Radiation sensing light in the horizontal direction of the free surface of the granular material stack, and The light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensing light measures the distance to the point; a mobile device moves the sensor in a vertical direction; and a control device 'controls the mobile device and processes the data obtained from the sensor " In this device, the sensor is moved in a vertical direction to detect the distances of each of a plurality of measurement points along a line advancing on a free surface facing the movement path of the sensor. The vertical line is arranged along the line at angular intervals, so the function of the straight line approaching the curve of all measurement points is obtained by the least square method to calculate the angle of the determined straight line relative to a horizontal plane. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material includes: a first step of placing a radiation sensation toward the powdery or granular material stacked in a conical pile on a horizontal plane; A photometric sensor 'and the sensor measures the distance from a pile of powdery or granular material at a measurement starting position by receiving light reflected from a point illuminated by the sensing light, where the measurement starting position is The sensing light irradiates an arbitrary point on the powdery or granular material pile from a non-vertical first direction; a second step, at least one exists between the arbitrary point and the powdery or granular material pile and the first In one direction and a plane parallel to the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the sensing light is moved in the second direction while measuring the distance from the sensor to the powdery or granular material pile to Find the point with the smallest distance on the pile of granular or granular material; a third step 'in a vertical plane including a point selected from the found minimum distance point and parallel to the first direction, in a direction perpendicular to the first direction Move the sensing light 'to detect Measuring points on a plurality of powdery or granular material piles; and a fourth step 'calculating from the position of the plurality of measuring points nearly 8 books & Zhang scales applicable to the Chinese national standard apple (CNS said dry ( 2 \ Ox2 ~ ^ Y)-n-II-I 111 I In ffc, — ^ 1--1 ^^ 1 · 1 J ^ i I --5 (锖 Please read the notes on the back before filling in this I) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 7 409183 V. Description of the Invention (6) ~~~ The straight line that appears to be related to the angle of a horizontal plane. Ui--I- ·-I--I 11--I -, li ^ 1 --- _ _ 丁 -5 W- (Jing first read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Standards and Technology, Shellfish Consumption Cooperative, Indian Innu According to the present invention, A viewpoint 'A device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material has: a table with a horizontal surface; a sensor, which is placed on the horizontal surface of the table in a cone-shaped pile of powdery or coarse material. Side, in a substantially horizontal first direction, the sensing light is radiated toward the powdery or granular material stack, and the powder is detected by receiving light reflected from a point illuminated by the sensing light. Distance of a pile of granular or granular material, a moving device, in a second direction that is horizontal and perpendicular to the first direction, and in a vertical plane that includes the optical axis of the sensing light, perpendicular to the first direction A third party moves the sensor upwards; and a control device that controls the mobile device and processes the data obtained from the sensor. In this device, the sensor is placed on the sensing light and irradiated on the powder or granular material stack After one-point measurement start position, a first step, the sensor moves a predetermined distance in a second direction on a substantially horizontal plane each time, and each time the sensor moves in a powder or grain The position of the spot illuminated by the sensing light on the pile of powdery material is detected to be in the pile of powdery or granular material in the distance from the sensor to the pile of powdery or granular material in a substantially horizontal plane. Find the point with the smallest distance; a second step, when the first step is performed, each time the sensor moves a predetermined distance in the third direction; a third step, the position in the second direction of the sensor Point from minimum distance in second direction The position of the selected point overlaps as the point with the smallest distance from the sensor to the pile of powdery or granular material on a substantially horizontal plane, and each time the sensor moves in a third direction in a certain direction The distance, the position of the measuring point illuminated by the sensing light on the powder or granular material stack is detected, and a fourth step has been performed. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 叱 Grid (210x 2M7 * V) Λ7 409183 137 I *-I —- — — —. V. Description of the invention (7) The line is obtained by approximating the positions of a plurality of measurement points detected in the third step to calculate a straight line correlation At a horizontal plane; the above steps are performed. ^^ 1 If ^ ir ^ m [i ^^ i ^^^ 1 »nl '^^^ 1 1- ^^^ 1 ---- I TJ -0 f · (Please read the notes on the back before filling (Another page) Printed by the Central Bureau of Work and Consumer Cooperatives in accordance with another aspect of the present invention. A device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material has: a sample stage with a rectangular upper surface (Small stage of a sample stage); a large bucket placed under the small shovel, on which piles of powdery or granular materials are piled up; a first moving device that moves the large bucket vertically; a sensor, perpendicular to The spatula emits sensing light in a first direction in the length direction, and detects light or granules by receiving light reflected from a point irradiated by sensing light on a pile of powdery or granular material stacked on a sample stage. The distance of the pile of material, a second moving device for moving the sensor in the length direction of the spatula and in a second direction perpendicular to the length direction of the spatula and the first direction; a vibrator having a joint to the spatula A base, an electromagnet placed on the base and integrally formed therewith, and a base and an electromagnet The weight can be placed vertically and at least partially made of magnetic metal. When the electromagnet is supplied with current, the weight is attracted by the electromagnet. When the current to the electromagnet is interrupted, the weight falls. Transmitting a vibration to the spatula on the substrate; and a control device that controls the first and second moving devices and the vibrator and processes data obtained from the sensor. In this device, the controller automatically controls and executes with a predetermined number of steps and a predetermined time. 'The first step is to move the large bucket near the spatula with a pile of powdery or granular material piled down. Two steps, each time the sensor moves to a predetermined position, 'detects the position of the point illuminated by the sensing light on the powder or granular material stack; a third step, the vibration is transmitted to the small shovel by the vibrator, 10 paper size laijin_zhuan 4) ------------- Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs " 409183 Λ7 R7 V. Description of the invention (8) and the first Four steps' Calculate the spatula angle of the pile of powdery or granular material from the plurality of positions obtained in the second step. Other objects and features of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description, and embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Brief description of the drawings: Fig. 1 is a front view of a measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure and measurement principle of a sensor; Figs. 3A and 3B illustrate the first How the measuring device in Figure 1 performs the measurement; Figure 4 is a side view of the vibrator used in the measuring device in Figure 1; Figure 5 is a spatula angle measurement using the measuring device in Figure 1 Side view of the unit; Figure 6 shows the curve passing the point closest to the sensor and a graph of a straight line approaching the curve; Figure 7 is a measurement result showing the placement angle of different powdery or granular materials Graphs; FIG. 8 is a graph showing the measurement results of the spatula angle of different powdery or granular materials; FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the measurement method of the second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is the present invention Front view of the measurement device of the third embodiment; FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate how the measurement device of FIG. 10 performs measurement; FIG. 12 is a side view illustrating how the measurement device of FIG. 10 performs measurement ; Figures 13A to 13C show how the line is approximated by the measurement data. 11------------ I ··, —---------— ------- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) / \ 4 worry (210X 297); (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in (This page) $,-'° Printed by the Central Standards Bureau Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives of Manchu District ^ 409183 A7 ______ B7 V. Description of the invention (9) Figure; Figure 14) shows how the measuring device of Figure ι〇 is performed Diagram of measurement; Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the vibration unit in the measuring device of Figure 10; Figure 16A is a cut-away view of how the funnel is supported in the measuring device of Figure 1; Figure 16B shows a diagram of the problems that occur when the funnel is supported as shown in Figure 16A; Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the vibrator used in the measuring device of Figure 10; Figures 18A to 18C illustrate the How the measuring device in Figure 10 measures the spatula angle; Figure 19 is a diagram of the display of the computer in the measuring device of Figure 10 * Figure 20 is the computer in the measuring device of Figure 10 Figure 21 shows another display of the computer in the measuring device of No. 10 囷. Figure 22 shows the measurement of No. 10 The figure of another display of the centered computer is shown, and FIG. 23 is a plan view of the operation / display panel in the measuring device of FIG. 10. Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 12 This paper The scale applies to the Chinese standard rate grid (210 X 297 / > ^. ^ -----------------. —I ^ i ^^^ 1 .-1-1 I-i. ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 \, (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Behr Consumer Cooperative, 409183 Λ? _____ »7 5 2. Description of the invention (10) The first one: A measuring device i showing seven properties that can measure the basic elements that determine the flow and spray characteristics of powdery or granular materials, among which the seven properties are the angle of repose, condensation, and spatula Angle, condensation, collapse angle, dispersion, and difference angle. The device 1 has at its lower left corner a power switch 2 for turning the power on and off. The device 1 has a measuring area on the right side, and a transparent cover 3 made of artificial resin is provided in front of the measuring area. In the above-mentioned measurement area, a vibration unit 4 for measuring the angle of repose by vibrating to screen powdery or granular materials is provided. The vibration unit 4 is mounted on a vibration base 'and has a measuring funnel 6, a sieve 7 placed on the measuring funnel 6, and a sieve press 8 arranged on the sieve 7. . Above the vibration unit 4, a sample supply funnel 9 for supplying a powdery or granular material sample is provided. The sieve press 8 is used to temporarily store the powdery or granular material from the sample supply funnel 9. The screen press 8 has the same shape as the screen 7 but has no mesh. The vibration base 5 extends on a plane perpendicular to the plane drawn in FIG. 1 and is supported at one end by the body of the device 1. At the bottom of the vibration base 5, a shock absorber (not shown) is bonded to an electromagnet (not shown) attached to the body of the device 1, and a buffer material is provided therein, so it is supplied to the electromagnet by being turned on and off. Current, the vibration substrate 5 vibrates vertically. The device 1 has an enlarged adjusting handle 10 to adjust the vibration of the vibration base 5. A measuring base 11 is formed on the bottom surface of the measuring area, and a measuring base 11 is provided thereon (not shown) to place a rectangular large barrel 12. Inside the rectangular vat 12, as shown in Fig. 1, a circular static angle measuring table 13, a volume specific gravity measuring unit (not shown), and a guide apparent specific gravity (looseness / tightness) measurement are placed. Cup (not shown) round 13 This paper size applies to the Chinese national standard (C'NS > 210 × 29ΐ '> Γ «* ") First (read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Binding. Order · ^ 09183 A7 m 5. Description of the invention (11) " ~~ '---------- 2 pieces 14,-vibrator 20 (described later in Fig. 4) and others. The corner measuring table 13 has a horizontal top surface. In order to measure the angle of the spatula, an angle measurement unit 21 (to be described later, see Fig. 5) is used instead of the static angle measurement—h-n .ί—-II--.--^ ― —-- I-I --I (Please read the precautions on the back before 4'This page) ', 13 and guide 14 to place. The measuring cup is moved vertically by a rod µ. On the left side of the placement portion of the stationary angle measurement table 13 and the spatula angle measurement unit 21, a sensor 16 is placed. The sensor 16 is attached to a movable block 17. The movable block 17 is driven by an actuator 18 in a horizontal direction (hereinafter referred to as the X direction) and a vertical direction (hereinafter referred to as the Z direction) perpendicular to the plane drawn in FIG. ) Move on. As shown in Fig. 2, the sensor 16 is composed of a light irradiation device i6a and a light sensing device 16b. A light irradiation diode or a semiconductor laser device can be used as the light irradiation device 16a. The light from the light irradiation device 16a is collected at the lens 16c, and then irradiated through a light irradiation opening 16ci in the horizontal direction (right side of the i-th figure) as the sensing light, and then hits a target w to be placed thereon. Form a light spot. The part of the light scattered and reflected by the target W enters the sensor 16 'through a light receiving opening 16e and then irradiates the light sensing device 1GB through a light receiving lens 16f to form a light spot thereon. This causes the sensor 16 to detect the position of a point on the target w illuminated by the sensing light. The optical axis direction of the sensed light will hereinafter be referred to as the γ direction. The sensor used in this embodiment is a "model Z4M-W100RA" laser displacement sensor manufactured by Japan CMOS Corporation. The measurement range provided by this sensor is 100 ± 40mm, which means it cannot detect points outside this range. As shown in Figure 3A, the sensor 16 is 14 away from the front edge of the table 13. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ 乜 (Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Industry β Industrial Consumer Cooperatives 409183 A1 A7 _ H7 V. Description of the invention (12) ~~~~ — 95mm and the table is 80mm wide. Other measuring members and other elements arranged near the table 13 are placed outside the measuring range of the sensor 16, so the sensor 16 Except for the powdery or granular material pile p on the table 13, nothing can be detected 'and therefore a correct measurement result can be obtained. Of course it is possible to use a sensor other than the type described above. As shown in Figure 1 The 'measurement device 1' has a computer 19, a sensor 16, an actuator 18, and other components that control the measurement area at the upper left. The computer 19 is provided with operation keys on a touch panel, and an LCD panel. Figure 4 shows the vibrator 20 * used to measure the depression angle. The vibrator 20 has a post 23 vertically mounted on the top surface of the base plate 22 and a round weight 24 with a perforation 24a in the center. The round weight 24 is placed on the substrate 22 and the post 23 passes through the perforation 24a. Raised by hand The object 24 reaches the top of the column 23, and then the weight 24 is freely dropped and transmits a vibration to the substrate 22. Fig. 5 shows a spatula angle measuring unit, which has a vertical installation on a substrate (not shown) Column 25, a small bell 26 extending in the longitudinal direction of FIG. 5 and attached to one end of the column 25, and a round weight 27 with a perforation 27a in the center, the round weight 27 is placed on the spatula 26 and the column 25 Through the perforation 27a. Lift the weight 27 to the top of the column 25, and then release it. The weight 27 falls freely and transmits a vibration to the spatula 26. The spatula angle measurement unit 21 is placed in the following manner: formed in a pile of powder or granules The sample stage 26a of the free end of the spatula 26 of the material P is located in the rectangular vat 12. With the structure as described above, the measuring device 丨 operates as follows. First, how to measure the angle of repose will be explained. 15 This paper scale applies to China ¥ Ί --------- " ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 ϋ ^ — ^^^ 1 1. ^ ilf ^^^ 1 TJ Γ 'vs (谙 Please read the notes on the back to fill in &Quot; This page j Printed by the staff of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by the cooperative 409183 Ai _______ B1 V. Description of the invention (13) First, the amount The device 1 is in a static angle measurement mode by operation of an operation key provided on the computer 19. Then, the 'lid 3 is opened, and the static angle measurement table 13 is located in the rectangular vat 12 and directly below the measurement funnel 6. In the case where the depression angle is also measured, the vibrator is also placed in the rectangular vat 12 'close to the stationary angle measurement table 13. Then' a sample of powdery or granular material is supplied to the sample supply funnel 9, so its stack On the screen 7 of the vibration unit 4. Then 'the lid 3 is closed, and the vibration unit 5 starts to vibrate by the operation of the operation keys provided on the computer 19, which causes the powdery or granular material to fall into the mesh of the sieve 7, and starts to measure at the static angle measuring table 13 Stacked on the top surface. When the powdery or granular material forms a conical pile on the table 13, the vibration of the vibration unit 4 is stopped by the operation of the operation keys provided on the computer 19. Secondly, when the request to start the measurement of the rest angle is issued from the operation key of the computer 19, the actuator 18 moves the sensor 16 to the bottom edge of the free surface facing the pile of powdery or granular material stacked on the table 13. -Point position on one end of the, and then the actuator 18 horizontally moves the sensor 16 to a position facing one point on the other end of the bottom edge of the pile of powdery or granular material. When the sensor 16 moves, it irradiates a laser beam to continuously detect each of a plurality of horizontal free surfaces along a moving path of the powder or granular material stack P facing the sensor 16 The distance of the measurement points arranged on the forward line. These measurement points are arranged along the above line segment from one end to the other end of the line as small as possible and arranged at angular intervals as ΔX (see Figure 3A). The measurement results are stored in the memory of the computer 19. Secondly, the actuator 18 moves the sensor 16 vertically upward by a distance ΔΥ. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) 8-4 gauge (210χ 2 叼). &Quot; — ~~ JH ^^^ 1 131- 1 I. ^ — ^ 1 — ^^ 1 I -1 1, -I ^^^ 1 -I- I 5 »-0 (Jing first read the notes on the back before filling out this " ') 409183 A7 --- _B1 V. Description of the invention (14) 16, and then the actuator 18 moves the sensor 16 β horizontally in a direction relative to the above direction. There, the sensor 6 detects each of the plurality of edges in the above-mentioned manner. The distance of the measurement points arranged in a line on the free surface of the powder or granular material pile ρ facing the movement path of the sensor 16. This step of horizontally moving the sensor 16 to detect the position of a point on the free surface of the powdery or granular material pile ρ is repeated every time the sensor 16 is moved vertically by a distance Δγ; that is, This step is performed at different heights over the entire height of the powdery or granular material stack ρ. Next, the computer 19 takes out the point 'closest to the sensor 16 in each of the above-mentioned steps and then determines the function of a straight line of the curve approaching all the taken-out points by the method of least squares. Specifically, as shown in Figure 6, when these points are plotted on a graph, where the distance to the sensor is taken as the horizontal axis and the smallest distance to these points is taken as the vertical axis, a solid line is drawn. And almost straight curve. The computer 19 determines the function of the straight line L that tends to a solid curve by the method of least squares, determines the angle of this straight line L with respect to a horizontal plane, and displays on the display unit the angle of inclination of the free surface of the powder or granular material stack P Calculate the angle. Printed by the Central Procurement Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Goods Cooperatives ^^ 1 — ^^ 1 H ^^^ 1 ——- I- ^^^ 1 tn ^ i HI-I. (Fill in this page) When the depression angle is measured next, the measurement device enters the depression angle measurement mode by operating the computer 19 operation keys. Then, the weight 24 of the vibrator 20 is lifted to the top of the column 23 and then released to fall on the base plate 22, and thereby a vibration is transmitted to the rectangular vat 12. This was repeated three times. This results in the pile P of powdery or granular material piled on the table 13 being dented, as a result of a small inclination of the free surface of the pile. When the command to start the measurement is input from the operation key, the inclination angle of the free surface of the powder or granular material pile P passes the 17 national paper standard (CNS) ΛΑ 圯 格 (2i0x 297 cm). 409183 A7 --- __ _B7, description of the invention (15)-The same procedure for still angle measurement is calculated, and the calculated angle is displayed on the display unit as a depression angle. When the difference angle is next measured, the measuring device enters the difference angle measurement mode. Then, the difference between the depression angle and the rest angle stored in the memory is calculated 'and displayed on the display unit as the difference angle. Fig. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the inclination angle (angle of repose) derived several times from the complete state of each different pile of powdery or granular material. As the chart shows, it is possible to obtain measurement results with virtually no change. According to the present invention, instead of conventionally placing an indexer on the free surface of a powdery or granular material, the inclination angle is calculated by a fully established least square method. Therefore, the measurement result is not affected by how the measurement is performed, and it is always the same regardless of who performs the measurement. In addition, the method of the present invention does not include the difficult operation of the above-mentioned indexer, and therefore it can be measured without spending too much effort and time (for example, a measurement of the present invention takes about 10 seconds, while the conventional method requires (About 20 to 30 seconds). Next 'will explain how to measure the spatula angle. Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Central Bureau of Standards and Consumers' Cooperatives I -------------------------------- (read the precautions on the back first and then fill in this page) First, the measuring device is set by The operation key of the computer 19 is in the spatula angle measurement mode. ≫ Then 'cover 3 is opened, and as shown in FIG. 5, the spatula angle measurement unit 21 is placed in the rectangular vat 12 and the measurement area. Between the back walls. Then, using the lifter 5, the rectangular vat 2 is lifted to a position where it is in contact with the bottom surface of the sample stage 26 a of the spatula 26. Then, for example, using a tablespoon, a pile of powdery or granular material 1 > samples are stacked on the sample port stage 26a to form a pile thereon, and the rectangular vat 2 is moved downward with a lifter 15. 18 This paper music standard is universal Chinese storehouse standard (CNS) A4im ~ (2) 〇x ~ 291 ^ if] A7 409183 V. Description of the invention (16) When the measurement start request is issued from the operation key, the actuator 18 moves obliquely The sensor 16 goes to a position above the sample stage 26a of the spatula 26, and then the actuator 18 moves the sensor 16 vertically downwards. When the sensor 16 moves, it irradiates a laser beam to continuously The distances of each of a plurality of measurement points that are vertically aligned along a line that runs on the free surface of the powdery or granular village material pile p and faces the movement path of the sensor 16 are detected. These measurement points Are arranged at angular intervals along the above-mentioned line segments. The detection distance is stored in the memory of the computer 19. Then the computer calculates a function of a straight line that tends to pass through these points through the same procedure as above, and calculates this line relative to a horizontal plane Angle, and store it in memory. Secondly, 'Computer 19 moves sensor a — a predetermined distance in the length direction of spatula 26, and then moves sensor 16 vertically upwards, and then calculates the powder through the same previous procedure. Or granular material The inclination angle of the surface, and then store the calculated angle in the memory. After that, the 'computer 19 moves the sensor 16 in the length direction of the spatula 26 by a predetermined distance, and then moves the sensor 16 vertically downwards and then calculates the powder Or the inclination angle of the free surface of the granular material pile p. Then the computer 19 calculates the average of the plurality of inclination angles obtained, and displays the calculated value as the small clock angle before the depression on the display unit. The measurer operates by operation The key stores this angle in the memory. Note that the tilt angle can only be measured in one position, but calculating the average of a plurality of tilt angles measured at different positions as described above facilitates high measurement accuracy. Second, the measurement The person lifts a heavy object 27 to the top of the column 25, and then lets it fall to transmit a vibration to the spatula 26 (only once). This results in a stack of 19 on the spatula. The scale of China applies to the Chinese National Standard (2) 10 × 2 ^ Τ; > ΐ '*) " ----------------- l · ------- install ------ order'-(诮 read the precautions on the back before filling (This page) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives Poly 409183 A7 - * ------ - B7 V. invention is described in (17) ~ 'product of powdered or granular material pile p recess, and then the presence of a small inclination angle of the free surface. When the measurement start request is issued from the operation key, the tilt angle is measured at three different positions on the powder or granular material stack P through the same procedure as before, and the measurement angle is displayed on the display unit as Spatula angle after depression. When the tilt angle is stored by the operation of the operation keys, the average of the spatula angles before and after the depression is calculated and displayed on the display unit. Fig. 8 is a graph showing a small clock angle measurement result derived from the reformed state of each different powder or granular material pile several times. Note "Type 8" represents a standard sample defined by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard), which is mainly made of powdery or granular material obtained from the loam layer in Kanto, Japan. As shown in this chart, it may be obtained Measurement results with virtually no variation. This measurement device 1 is suitable for measuring conventional structures other than the rest angle and the spatula angle, and therefore will not be described when designing and using those structures. Second, the present invention The second embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 9, in this embodiment, the sensor 16 is placed on the pile of powdery or granular material p stacked on the stationary angle measuring table 13, so the sensor The detector 16 radiates the sensing light vertically downward to detect the distance to the irradiation point on the free surface of the powdery or granular material pile P. The computer 9 is at a vertex TP including the powdery or granular material pile P The horizontal movement of the sensor 16 in the vertical plane of The distance of the measuring point is calculated by the same procedure as above. These stipples The paper size (Zhongguan 丨 m eNS) (诮 Please read the notes on the back before filling in this I)

20 409183 A7 B7 _ V. Description of the invention (18) A function of the straight line of the line, calculate the angle of this straight line with respect to a horizontal plane, and store the angle of the inclination angle of the free surface of the powder or granular material pile P in the memory . The same procedure of operation is also performed on the opposite side of the vertex TP to calculate the angle of a straight line close to a horizontal plane passing through a plurality of measurement points along the ridge line R2 with respect to a horizontal plane, and the obtained angle is stored in the memory Body. The 'computer 19 then calculates the average of the two inclination angles, and displays the inclination angle as the powdery or granular material pile P on the display unit. Note that the tilt angle can be measured only on one side of the apex of the powder or granular material pile, but measuring the tilt angle on both sides of the apex as described above, and then averaging can get high measurement accuracy. Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Note that in the following description, elements mentioned in the previous embodiment will not be described. As shown in FIG. 10, in the measurement device 101 of the present embodiment, the rectangular bucket 12 is supported and moved vertically by a cam 31 connected to the lifting motor 30, and a vibrator 41 Installed on rectangular bucket 12 β When the specific gravity (looseness / tightness) is measured, the guide 14 supporting the static angle measuring table 13 is used to support a measuring cup instead of the table 13 (not shown) When the spatula angle is measured, the table 13, the guide 14, and the vibrator 41 are removed, and an alternative spatula angle measurement unit 21 is installed. In the spatula angle measurement unit 21, a spatula 26 is fixed to a column 25 via a jig 28, and a vibrator 51 is fixed on the spatula 26. The vibrator 51 has the same structure as the vibrator 41, and therefore, a two-purpose A single vibrator. In the vibrating unit 4, the 'vibration base' has a measuring funnel 6 inserted through 21 This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) Λ 4 (210X291 ^ T ------ ~-II- -II 'J ^--_____T -¾.,-° •-(" Read the precautions on the back before filling in the Qin page) The Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy Yinju A7 ^ 09183 V. Description of the invention (19) Hole 5a. The measuring funnel 6 and sieve 7 are positioned on the vibration base 5 by a spacer 33. The vibration base 5 is vertically mounted thereon and has a thread on the top. Column 36 (not shown), so screw the post 36 and nut 35 tightly, and measure the funnel 6 'spacer 33, sieve 7, sieve press 8 on the vibrating base 5 and a sieve press rod It is held between 34. The measuring device 101 having the above-mentioned structure is operated in the following manner to measure the angle of repose. In FIG. 10, a powdery or granular material supplied from the sample supply funnel 9 is vibrated by the vibration base 5. And through the mesh of the sieve 7. Then the fine particles fall from the measuring funnel 6 to a point on the table 13 and form a cone-shaped pile of powdery or granular material. By the operation key of the computer 19, the sensor μ Positioning with its X-direction position substantially coincident with the X-direction position at the center of the table and its Z-direction position above the pile of powdery or granular material p 9 The movement of the sensor 16 will be described below with reference to Figures 11A and 1B Note that the dash-dot-dot line represents the contour line. In powder or granular materials The measurement is also performed when the X-direction position of the vertex q0 of the stack P is not at the same point as the center of the table 13. Therefore, the same procedure for measurement is used regardless of whether it is in common or not. The sensor 16 at the first position of the granular material stack p moves downward until it reaches the position where the sensing light A1 starts to shine on the powdery or granular material stack P and stops there (measurement start position). In the figure In the middle, the point p10 represents the point at which the sensing light A1 starts to reach the powdery or granular material pile p. The computer 19 determines the position of the point p0 based on the distance data supplied from the sensor 16 and the position data supplied from the actuator 18 . Second, every time I feel 22. Zhang scale is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) ρΓ] ---------- -------- I--Curtain -------(Please read the note y on the back before reading (Fill in this page)

* -B Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Duyin Dun 409183 A7 ---------- B7 V. Invention Description (20) Tester 16 Move a predetermined distance Δχ in the X direction, and detect each position ρ1 丨 to ρ13 of the powder or granular material stack P irradiated, and the point closest to the sensor 16 (as shown in Fig. 10) The position data of ρ12) is stored. Next, the 'sensor 16 is moved upward by a predetermined distance Δζ' and then the same method described above, the position of each point ρ20 to ρ24 is detected, and the position data of the point ρ22 closest to the sensor 16 is stored. Then, similarly, the sensor 16 is moved upward by a predetermined distance Δζ, the position of each point ρ30 to ρ32 is detected, and the position data of the point ρ3, which is closest to the sensor 丨 6, is staggered. Secondly, 'in the same way as above, the sensor 16 moves up a predetermined distance ΔZ'. Each time the sensor 16 moves a predetermined distance Δχ in the X direction, the sensor 16 attempts to detect the presence of powder or granular material. Irradiated point on heap p. However, 'this time, as shown in Fig. 11B, the sensing light passes over the powdery or granular material pile P, and therefore the computer 19 confirms that no object is measured at this height' and performs the next procedure of operation. The upward movement of the sensor 16 may be repeated as described above until the powdery or granular material pile P starts to be irradiated, or it may be repeated a predetermined number of times. Secondly, among the points (pl2, p22, and ρ31) spaced a certain distance from each other and closest to the sensor 16 in one of the horizontal planes, a point (p31) is selected, and the sensor 16 is moved to a point at that point The same position in the X direction and a predetermined position in the Z direction. The removal of a point is achieved, for example, by selecting the highest point " This is convenient, because in the situation shown in Figure 11A, the vertex of the cone or pile of powdery or granular material p is deviated, the more the point is, the more the X The smaller the direction deviation. However, 23 --- III— I m. -I ·-I -'- w ^-I- ii! ^^ 1 X »ΛΛ *, -5¾ (谙 Please read the notes on the back before filling this page j Paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) ΛΟ.ί #, () 409183 A7 ——— — B 7 V. Description of the invention (2 " — " " It may also choose the second highest point, especially when the highest When the data of the point is abnormal. Also in the occasion shown in FIG. 12, the ridge line of the vertical section of the powder or granular material pile p is a curve, and the inclination angle is measured in a predetermined range F, It may select the point closest to (but not inside) the defined range F (such as P42 in Figure 11). These removal methods can be programmed in the measuring device, or they can be appropriately operated by the operator on the measuring device. Secondly, each time the sensor 16 moves a certain distance Δζι, the point irradiated on a single vertical plane of the powdery or granular material stack P ... is detected to the position of pd, approaching the point passing these points The function of the straight line of the curve is calculated and the angle (the angle of rest) of the approaching straight line with respect to the horizontal plane is calculated. Detect the position of point pa to pd once and calculate the average of the angle of repose. This will improve the measurement accuracy. Printed by the Central Standards Bureau Shellfish Consumer Cooperative «^^ 1 1-I ^^^ 1 m-. ^^^ 1 II— I 1 ^ 1, -0 (read the precautions on the back and then fill in this page) The function of the approximation to a straight line is determined by the least square method as described in the previous embodiment. It can be achieved by the following two methods: U) As shown in Section 13A ',' the function of the curve η approaching the passing point pa to pd is calculated by the method of least squares', and then the curve η and the predetermined range of Where the upper and lower limits UD and LD intersect, calculate the line mi passing through the intersection points qa and ⑪, or (2) As shown in FIG. 13B, calculate the area SO that minimizes the curve n and the upper and lower limits UD and LD of the LD envelope. Line m2. The approaching straight line can be calculated by any other method. The set range can be from the lowest to the highest point of the measurement range 'or from the lowest to the highest point of the powder or granular material pile β On the other hand, by setting the measurement The valid range of the data is possible (from LZ to UZ and from L Υ to UY), it may calculate a convergence Include a straight line m3 of measurement point data such as pe outside the valid range. This helps to ensure that the Chinese National Standards (CNS) (2I0X2 < ^ > ^) is not applicable to 24 paper standards. Employee Consumption Cooperative Stamp A7 B7 5. Invention Description (22) Correct calculation affected by abnormal data or data outside the desired range. It may also set a valid range in advance, and thereby prevent the sensor from moving out of the valid range, or Prevent data outside the valid range from being stored. Note that in Figs. 13A to 13C, the position in the γ direction is taken as the horizontal axis, and the position in the z direction is taken as the vertical axis. As shown in FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B, 'the angle of rest calculated thus is taken at a slope angle of a steep slope from the vertex q0 to the point of the powdery or granular material pile P and from the powdery or granular material pile The median value between the inclination angle of the slower slope of the vertex q of p to the point of p. This value may be different each time a powdery or granular material pile P is formed. Accordingly, in order to achieve a correct measurement , The powdery or granular material pile p must be formed more than once, and the angle of repose is measured each time to calculate the average. According to the method used in the first embodiment, the approaching straight line is based on the points p 2, p 22, P 31, pn and The position data of pm is calculated, and the intermediate value between the steeper slope inclination angle and the slower slope inclination negative is taken out. The first embodiment requires a sufficiently large data area for storing the data of the detection points. Data can be stored for all points on the lowest horizontal plane (see Figure 11A) that represents the maximum measurement range. However, processing large amounts of data like this takes too much time, such as moving the sensor 16 to the detection position and converting Data to computer 19 and other operations. Ground 'in this embodiment' the measurement start point ρ10 is placed on the upper part of the powdery or granular material pile P, and therefore each time the sensor 16 moves a predetermined distance ΔX in the χ direction, the point detected Placed outside the upper part of the pile of powdery or granular material P. This helps reduce the number of measuring points and thereby reduce the amount 25 This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 gauge (2Κ) χ 297ϋ; 1 (Please read the precautions on the back of the pin before filling out this page) Installation-Ding _ -0 409183 A7 ---_____ B7 V. Description of the invention (23) The time required for the test and also help reduce the area required for data storage. In this embodiment, the “first position above the pile of powdery or granular material” sensor 16 first moves downward while it irradiates the sensing light, and then the sensor 16 starts to illuminate the pile of powdery or granular material The position of p is taken as the measurement start point. This allows the sensor 16 to be automatically positioned at the measurement start position, and thus helps facilitate measurement operations. As described above, the sensor 16 first moves downward from its starting position To pick the measurement start point pl0〇 However, after that the measurement device does not Correctly determine whether the sensor 16 is moved in the X positive or X negative direction. According to this, the sensor 16 first moves in one direction, and if the powdery or granular material pile p is not detected in that direction, then The sensor 16 moves in the opposite direction. This includes unnecessary movement of the sensor 16. In order to overcome these inconveniences, as shown in FIG. 14, the sensor 16 is first positioned at a predetermined distance XO from the center of the table 13, Then move down to detect the measurement start point (P10), and then move in a predetermined χ direction to perform the measurement. This helps to remove unnecessary movement of the sensor and thereby reduce the measurement time. In the embodiment, the measurement start point (pl0) is automatically detected. However, it can also be printed by a full-scale Central Bureau of Standardization, Shellfisher Consumer Cooperative, which may also illuminate a point on the powdery or granular material stack p with a sensing light. The sensor 16 is manually positioned at the position, and this position is used as a measurement starting point. " In the present embodiment, the measuring device 16 irradiates the sensing light in the horizontal direction 'however' in order to achieve the detection of the measuring point including the point closest to the sensor 16 in the present embodiment, the light is sensed and It is not necessary to illuminate in a horizontal direction. '--I · — ^ 1 11 I- i ^ nn I— (" Read the notes on the back first and fill in this page) The paper size applies to the Chinese national standard (CNS 丨26 409183 A7 ________ B7 V. Description of the invention (24), but as long as it may be in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the sensor 16 and in a vertical plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the sensor 16 Move the sensor 16 in the direction to detect a point on the powdery or granular material stack p illuminated by the sensing light ', and as long as the light of the sensing Is 16 is not perpendicular, it can be irradiated in any direction. Next, the' measuring funnel ' How to be supported in the vibrating unit 4 (see Fig. 10) to form a pile of powdery or granular material will be explained. As shown in Fig. 15 'the measuring funnel 6 is inserted into the perforation 5a of the vibrating substrate 5' and The largest diameter portion 6b is engaged with the countersunk hole 33a formed in the spacer ring 33. The spacer ring 33 is perpendicular to the The post 36 mounted on the vibrating base 5 is engaged and thereby horizontally positioned. The spacer ring 33 and the screen 7 and other parts are positioned by being pressed by the upper nut 35, and a screen press 34 (see (Picture 1〇). After printing by the consumer cooperation of the Central Bureau of Standards, H! — ^ Ϋ ^^^ 1-I l ^ i ^ it > ^^^ 1 ^^ 4, ve (谙 Please read the note on the back first) (Please fill in this page again.) In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16A, the portion 6a of the measuring funnel 6 engaged with the perforation 5a of the vibration base 5 is formed by the low claw portion of the measuring funnel 6, It has a smaller diameter than the perforation 5a. This usually causes the measurement funnel 6 to be placed off-center. In this case, when a powdery or granular material falls on the table 13, a pile of p is formed, as shown in Figure 16B The pile p has a conical shape with eccentric vertices and a contour line indicated by S. Therefore, different inclination angles between the maximum inclination obtained from the point pa and the minimum inclination obtained from the point pb can be obtained according to the position of the vertex. This results in a change in the measured value. In this embodiment, it has the structure as described above, and the measuring funnel is vertical on the vibration base 5 by the spacer ring 33. And level are correctly positioned. This makes it possible to form a 27 i paper with a minimum distance from the center of its base to the vertex projected on the base 21 基底 κ 297 & --------------- ~-409183 A7 H7 printed by " -Ministry of Central Standards and Mobilization Bureau Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives V. Description of the invention (25) ~~ Powdery or granular material pile P is possible, and therefore a correct cone pile is obtained. This helps increase Measure accuracy and eliminate changes caused by repeated measurements. Next, in the measurement of the depression angle, a vibrator 41 for transmitting a vibration to the powdery or granular material pile P will be described. With the vibrator 20 (see Fig. 4) of the first embodiment, the operator manually operates the weight, and thus the gap between the column 23 and the perforation 24a of the weight 24 tilts the weight 24. Although the operator expects the weight to fall freely, the operator may unconsciously push the weight downward. Therefore, it is difficult to make the weight 24 and the base 22 impact in a fixed manner to obtain a stable vibration, and therefore the measurement result As shown in FIG. 17, in this embodiment, the vibrator 41 has an electromagnet 45 fixed to an upper cover 42, and the electromagnet 45 has a perforation 45 & Move the shaft 44. The bottom end of the movable shaft 44 is fixed to a weight 46. The upper cover 42 has a hole 42a formed in an upper portion thereof, and a compression spring 47 is inserted into the hole 42a, so the compression spring 47 presses down a cover 48, and a movable shaft 44 is installed in the cover 48. The moving stroke D of the movable shaft material and the weight 46 are defined by the bottom surface of the electromagnet 45 and the base surface of the bottom cover 43. The bottom cover 43 is fixed to the upper cover 42, and its base surface has a cushioning material 49 like rubber as a lining. The vibrator 41 having the structure as described above and placed on the rectangular vat 12 (see Fig. 10) operates as follows. When the electromagnet 45 has a current supply, the weight flap is attracted upwards, and when the current supply is interrupted, the weight 46 falls on the buffer material 49, and thereby transmits a vibration to the table 13 connected to the rectangular vat 12, resulting in The pile of powdery or granular material is sunken. With the conventional hand-lifting weight, 28 paper scales are just 7 t— C, please read the notes on the back and fill in this page) I-'? 1 -----409183 A7 A7 __ B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (26) The method of transmitting vibration is then released by letting it fall, this electromagnetically controlled operation method allows operation from outside the measuring device 101, and therefore provides a high degree of affinity to the operator 'and makes the transmission A stable impact is possible. Therefore, this method helps reduce the change caused by repeated measurement of the depression angle. The compression spring 47 is provided to immediately detach the movable shaft 44 and the weight 46 from the electromagnet 45 after the current to the electromagnet 45 is interrupted. This helps prevent the movable shaft 44 and the weight 46 from being temporarily attracted by the electromagnet 45 after the current interruption of the electromagnet 45. The cushioning material 49 prevents the irregular vibration from being transmitted to the powder or granules by the springback movement of the falling weight. Like material pile P. Second, how to measure the spatula angle will be explained. In FIG. 10, the guide 14, the table 13, and the vibrator 41 are removed from the rectangular tub 12, and replaced with a spatula angle measuring unit 21 and installed. Secondly, the lifting motor 30 is rotated by the action of the cam 31, so the rectangular bucket 12 is lifted to a predetermined position near the small shovel 26. Then, the powdery or granular material is supplied from the vibration unit 4 and stacked on the rectangular vat 12 to form a powdery or granular material stack w as shown in Fig. 18A. By " · Ministry of Standards and Technology Bureau of the People's Republic of China, Zhenggong Consumer Cooperatives—1 ^ · --- 1 ^^^ 1 rl ^ ii ^^ 1. Shi ^ I n II—i I 、 -0 (诮 Read the back first (Notes on this page are refilled on this page) Secondly, the lifting motor 30 is rotated by the cam 31, so the rectangular bucket 12 moves downward. Then, as shown in Fig. 18B and Fig., The powdery or granular material pile P2 is formed on the spatula 26. Note that Figure 8C is a left side view of the spade 26 in Figure 18B. The sensor 16 is placed on the left-hand side 'of Fig. 18C and irradiates the sensing light in the Y direction. First, the sensors 16 are moved from top to bottom. Then, when the sensor irradiates the sensing light toward the powdery or granular material pile P2, it moves a predetermined amount in the Z direction for a predetermined number of times.... &Quot; " ". The paper scale is applicable to China National Standard Apple (cNS) Bawei 1 (2ϊ〇χϋη -------------- ---- 1 ~ 1 ~ Off-line consumer cooperation seal of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs " 409183 A7 ______ B7 ____ 5. Description of the invention (27) Distance, so every time the sensor moves this way, the measurement point is detected. From the position data of the measurement point, an approaching straight line is calculated, and then this approaching The inclination angle of a straight line about a horizontal line (small shovel angle before depression) is calculated. In order to increase the measurement accuracy, it may also move the sensor 16 in the X direction to measure the inclination angle more than once and calculate the average. Here, the approaching straight line is calculated by the same method as the aforementioned measurement of the rest angle. Secondly, by the action of the vibrator 51 having the same structure as the vibrator 41 shown in FIG. Or the granular material pile P2 is depressed, and after that, after the depression, the same procedure as described above is used. The spatula angle is measured, and the spatula angle before and after the depression is averaged. In the measurement device of this embodiment, the spatula angle measurement can be performed by electromagnetic control, and the rectangular vat 12 and the vibrator 51 are thereby driven. The lifting motor therefore "the entire operating procedure starts with the lowering of the rectangular vat 12 and ends with the measurement of the small key angle" can be performed completely automatically. This helps reduce the time and effort required to perform the measurement. The fixing method transmits a vibration to the powdery or granular material stack p on the small shovel 26, which can measure the small shovel angle after the depression with a high measurement of a positive medium. In this embodiment, a panel computer (panel e〇mputer) is used. 19), which has an operation unit that can be operated by an operator, a display unit that displays a setting mode and ongoing operations, and a control unit that controls the vibrator 41, the actuator 18, and other π pieces and processes measurement data. Therefore, the measuring device I " is of medium size, and it can be installed with a large-sized operation / display unit with a sigma-shaped user interface as shown in Figs. 19 to 22, without wasting available space and even for the first time. The user's operation will not cause difficulties. 30 ϋ I ---- I 1--1- I.-I I- I!! 1. I--li-" b (Please read the back first (Notes to fill in this poverty) This paper rule; (CNS) (210x2 ^^^ · 409183 A7 __—___ B7 V. Description of the invention (28) ~ In the first embodiment, the computer is like the 23rd round The operation / display unit is shown. The operator uses the function key 91A provided on the operation unit 91 to select the measurement mode or other, and looks at the display unit 92. Before starting the measurement, the function key 91A and the number keys 91B are used to select and enter the amount. Test conditions and others. In addition, if necessary, the operator can use the control switch 91 (: request to print data, start tapping the motor, pile up powdery or granular materials and others. The operation / display unit shown in Figure 23 provides a Operator interactive interface. However, because this is a text-based user interface, the user must confirm and understand the markup, such as those measurement types that appear on the unit before selecting and entering anything. Operate this operation / display unit It takes a lot of time. Especially for the first-time user, when taking a measurement, it is necessary to use a manual and so on to check the information appearing on the display unit 92 and the position to choose, so it will take a lot of time to perform the measurement. Printed by Zhuzhu Co., Ltd.

--------- ¾ ------— 11 (诮 Read the precautions on the back before filling in the 100C. Conversely, in this embodiment, the panel computer The easy-to-use method displays the attention points, instructions and other data on the panel, so the user can choose the measurement type and measurement conditions based on visual judgment by looking at the panel before starting the measurement. After the measurement, the angle of repose and depression The angular measurement results are displayed on the panel. This ensures that the user can easily get started even if the first operation is performed, and the measurement can be performed as soon as possible. Figure 19 shows a screen showing how the necessary components are installed, and Figure 20 shows The status setting screen, FIG. 21 shows a screen showing a warning during the measurement, and FIG. 21 shows a screen showing the measurement result. Although the present invention is disclosed as above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to be limited. The present invention, anyone skilled in this art, will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention. 31 This paper is suitable for you _-you ----------------------- 409183 A7 B7 5 , Invention description (29) and scope, when it can be modified and retouched, The scope of protection shall be determined by the scope of the attached patent application. The consumer cooperation of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China 枉 ^^^ 1 II 丨-— ^ 1 ^ — ^ 1.-I ^ — ^ 1 1 sv -V5 I * (Please read the precautions on the reverse side first: S page) 32 This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNTS) / \ 4 specifications (210X29? 公 #)

Claims (1)

409183 AK B8 CS D8 VI. Patent application range 1. A method for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material, comprising: a first step, a cone pile of powdery or granular material stacked on a horizontal plane A sensor that emits sensing light is placed on one side of the sensor, and the sensor receives light reflected from a point illuminated by the sensing light, and measures the distance to the point. The sensor passes the sensing light through The opening is placed facing the free surface of the powdery or granular material stack and the optical axis of the sensing light is placed in a horizontal direction; a second step is moved in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the optical axis The sensor detects the distance of each measurement point along a line advancing on a free surface facing the movement path of the sensor, and the measurement points are along a horizontal direction. The lines are arranged at angular intervals, starting from one end in the horizontal direction and ending at the other end of the line; a third step 'each time the sensor is moved a predetermined distance in a vertical direction, and each time the sensor When the measuring device is moved in this way, A fourth step, taking out the measurement points closest to the sensor in each segment of the second step, and determining a straight line approaching the curved line of all the measurement points by a least square method A function; and a fifth step of calculating a tilt angle of a straight line determined in the fourth step with respect to a horizontal plane. 2. —A method of measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material, comprising: a first step 'placing a radiation-sensing light sensor on a cone pile of powdery or granular material stacked on a horizontal plane And the sensor measures the distance to the point by receiving light reflected from a point illuminated by the sensing light, and the sensor faces the powdery or granular shape with an opening through which the sensing light is irradiated 33 This MΓ sheet scale is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS M4 specification (210X297 mm)--,-. ---_ installed ------ order -------- line (please read and read the back first) Please note that this page is to be completed on this page) The Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives _ System Printed by the Central Consumers Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives 409183 Λ, CS _---- D8 _ 1 1 ·-· m ·. .. Γ ^ Μ ·· Ι · Ι 6. The free surface of the patent-pending material stack and the optical axis of the sensing light are placed in a vertical direction; a second step, including the powder Or the horizontal direction in the vertical plane of the apex of the granular material pile, to detect each of a plurality of The distance of the measurement points of the ridge line of the pile of granular or granular material. The measurement points are arranged at an angular interval along the ridge line in a horizontal direction. A second step is determined by a least square method. A function of the straight line of the curve passing through the measurement points; and a fourth step, calculating the inclination angle of the straight line related to a horizontal plane determined in the third step. 3. Measurement as described in item 2 of the scope of patent application A method of inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material, wherein the second to fourth steps are performed on each two opposite sides of the pile of powdery or granular material to calculate an average of the two inclination angles obtained. 4 A method for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material, comprising: a first step, placing a side of the pile of powdery or granular material supported on a horizontally supported spatula with a radiation sensing light And the sensor measures a distance from the point reflected by the light received from the point illuminated by the sensing light to the point, and the sensor faces the powder or granule with an opening through which the sensing light is irradiated Free surface of the material-like material stack and the optical axis of the sensing light is at It is placed in a horizontal direction; a second step 'moves the sensor in a vertical direction to measure each of a plurality of free surfaces along a moving path facing the sensor The distance of the measuring points of the forward line. The measuring points are in a vertical direction. The 34 scales are applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS) Α4ϋ 210 × 29ϋ1, 丨 ^ --- 「丨 ^ 丨 装 '- ---- Order; ------- line (please read the note on the back before filling this X) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 409183, .u B8 CS ___ D8 VI. Apply for a patent Range— " ~~ 5 ^ The lines are arranged at angular intervals; a third step, a least square method determines a function of a straight line approaching the curve passing through the measurement points; and a fourth step 'calculation The straight line determined in this third step is related to the angle of a horizontal plane. 5_ The method for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material as described in item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second to fourth steps are on each of a plurality of parts along the length of the spade Proceed to calculate the average of the plurality of tilt angles obtained. 6 · —A device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material, including: a horizontal plane 'stacking powdery or granular material in a pile; a sensor' placed on the horizontal surface of the powdery or granular material One side of the cone-shaped pile of the material, 'radiates sensing light in a horizontal direction toward the free surface of the powdery or granular material', and measures the amount of light reaching the point by receiving light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensed light. Distance; a mobile device 'moves in vertical and horizontal directions perpendicular to the optical axis of the sensing light. The sensor; and a control device that controls the mobile device and processes data obtained from the sensor, wherein the Each time the sensor moves a predetermined distance in a vertical direction, and each time the sensor moves in this way, the sensor is moved in a horizontal direction 'to detect each of a plurality of Step of measuring the distance of a measuring point of a line advancing along the free path of the powdery or granular material to the path of the sensor 'The measuring points are along the line at an angle of 35 in a horizontal direction- --- ^ ------ install ------- ir; ------- line ( First read the notes on the back and then fill out this page) This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (21 () x297 public directors) D8 6. The patent application range is arranged at intervals of 'starting at one end in a horizontal direction and ending at the other end of the line', so the measurement points closest to the sensor in each step of this step are taken out 'and tend to The function of the straight line of the curve near all the measurement points is obtained by a least square method; to calculate the angle of the determined straight line relative to a horizontal plane. 7. A device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material, comprising: a horizontal plane, piled up powdery or granular material in a pile; a sensor 'placed on the horizontal surface of the piled powdery or granular material Above the cone-shaped material pile, the sensing light is radiated in a direction perpendicular to the free surface of the powdery or granular material pile, and the light reflected to the point by receiving the light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensed light is measured. Distance; a moving device that moves the sensor in a horizontal direction of a vertical plane including the apex of the powdery or granular material pile; and a control device that controls the moving device and processes the obtained from the sensor Data, wherein the sensor moves in a horizontal direction to detect the distance of each of a plurality of measurement points along the ridge line of the powdery or granular material pile, and the measurement points are at a horizontal level Arranged at angular intervals along the ridge in the direction, a function of a straight line approaching a curve passing through the measurement points is obtained by a least square method to calculate the angle of the determined straight line relative to a horizontal plane. 8_ The device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material as described in item 7 of the scope of patent application, wherein the sensor moves in a horizontal direction to detect each of a plurality of powdery or granular materials Or the distance between the measurement points of the ridge line of the granular material pile, etc. 36 -------- 丨 installation ------ ir, —, J ---- line (please read the back of K first) Please pay attention to this page and fill in this page again) This paper is in accordance with the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 father 297 mm ~ Λ Β Β8 CS D8 409183 'The scope of the patent application measurement point is along the ridge in a horizontal direction The lines are arranged at angular intervals, so the function of the straight line approaching the curve passing through the measurement points is obtained by a least square method. The step of calculating the determined straight line relative to the angle of a horizontal plane is in the powdery or granular form. The apex of the material pile is performed on each two opposite sides to calculate the average of the two inclination angles. 9. A device for measuring the inclination angle of a powder or granular material pile, comprising: a small shovel, supported horizontally; Sensor placed on one side of the pile of powdery or granular material stacked on the spatula, facing the powdery or granular material The free surface of the material stack emits sensing light in the horizontal direction, and measures the distance to the point by receiving light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensing light; a moving device that moves the sensor in a vertical direction : And a control device 'controls the mobile device and processes the data obtained from the sensor, wherein the sensor moves in a vertical direction to detect each of a plurality of ~ facing the sensor The distance of the measurement points of the line advancing on the free surface of the movement path. The measurement points are arranged at an angular interval along the line in a vertical direction, so it approaches the straight line of the curve passing through the measurement points. The function is obtained by the least square method to calculate the angle of the determined straight line relative to a horizontal plane. 10. The device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material as described in item 9 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the sense The sensor is movable along a length along the spatula, so the sensor is moved in a vertical direction to detect each of a plurality of 37 (CNS) from the secret (2ι {) χ297 公 董- -1 I ---- install ------ ir --- Ί ---- Line (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the staff of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Co-operative Society 409183 AS Βί < CS D8 II ι · ιι II ~ " ____ VI. Patent Application Range ~-The amount of line that travels on the free surface facing the movement path of the sensor (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The distance of the measurement points, where the measurement points are perpendicular Arranged at angular intervals along the line in the direction, so the function of a straight line approaching the curve passing through the measurement points is obtained by the -least-square method to calculate the step of the determined straight line related to a horizontal & angle The township performs 'on multiple injuries along the length of the small bell' to calculate the average of the multiple tilt angles obtained. 11_ A method of measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material includes: a first step of placing a sensor that emits light toward the powdery or granular material stacked in a cone on a horizontal plane, and The sensor receives the light reflected by a point irradiated by the sensing light, and detects the distance to a pile of powdery or granular material at a measurement start position, where the measurement start position is from the sensing light. A non-vertical first direction irradiates an arbitrary point on the powdery or granular material pile; the consumer consumer cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy prints a second step, at least one of which exists at the arbitrary point and the powdery or Between the apexes of the pile of granular material and the first direction and a second side perpendicular to the first direction. In a parallel plane, the sensing light is moved in the second direction while measuring from the sensing The distance from the device to the powdery or granular material pile to find the smallest one ft in the distance of the powdery or granular material pile, a second step 'a point including a point selected from the found minimum distance point And parallel to the first direction Moving the sensing light in a direction perpendicular to the first direction to detect a plurality of measurement points on the powdery or granular material stack; and ) Domain ^ (2 dedication and publication) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 409183 λ, B8 CS ----- DS 'Scope of patent application ~-Fourth step' Calculates the angle of a straight line related to a horizontal plane by approximating a straight line from the position of the measurement point. 12. The method for measuring the inclination angle of a powder or pellet pile as described in item (u) of the scope of the patent application, wherein the sensing light shines on a point of an intersecting line, and on the granular material, there is a substantially After passing through the center surface of the horizontal plane and the point, the sensing light moves downward until the powdery or granular material starts to be illuminated by the sensing light, so the position of the sensor at this time is used as the measurement start position. ° 13_—A device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material, including: a table 'with a horizontal plane; a sensor placed on the horizontal surface of the table in a cone-shaped pile of powdery or granular material One side emits sensing light toward the powdery or granular material stack in a substantially horizontal first direction, and the powdery or granular material is detected by receiving light reflected from a point illuminated by the sensing light. The distance of the pile of granular material, a mobile device 'in a second direction that is horizontal and perpendicular to the first direction and a third party that is perpendicular to the first direction in a vertical plane including the optical axis of the sensing light Moving the sensor upwards; and a control device 'controls the mobile device and processes data obtained from the sensor, where' the sensor is placed on the sensor light to irradiate the powder or granular material pile After the one-point measurement start position, the first-step, each time the 39 ----: -------- install --------------- ^ ----- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 、. Standards for financial reasons due to national regulations (CNS) (il〇X297 ^ ^ The consumer cooperation of the China Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China Du printed 409183 Ah B8 C8 ___ D8 1 — ~ — «· ._-„ 一 墨 __ VI. The patent application sensor is in a substantially horizontal plane Moving a predetermined distance in the second direction, and each time the sensor moves, the position of the spot illuminated by the sensing light on the powdery or granular material stack is detected to detect the The smallest distance between the device and the pile of powdery or granular material on the pile of powdery or granular material and on the substantially horizontal plane;-the second step 'when the first step is performed , Each time the sensor moves a predetermined distance in the third direction; a third step, the position of the sensor in the second direction overlaps with the position of a point selected from the minimum distance point in the second direction 'Where the minimum distance point is the smallest distance from the sensor to the pile of powdery or granular material on a substantially horizontal plane, and each time the sensor moves a predetermined distance in the third direction , On the pile of powdery or granular material The position of the measurement point of the photometric irradiation is detected, and in a fourth step, a line is obtained by approximating the positions of the plurality of measurement points detected in the third step to calculate the line's correlation with a horizontal plane. The above steps are performed. 14. The device for measuring the inclination and angle of a powder or granular material stack as described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the control device may be a panel computer, which is on a panel An interactive screen is displayed and the screen is processed and changed in response to a user's operation. 15. The device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material as described in item 13 of the scope of patent application, wherein the sensor In the second direction, it is positioned at a certain position relative to the center of the table, and in the third direction, it is positioned in the powder or 40 paper sizes. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) is applicable. IIII! I t pack-I! I-I order-(J-n H. line (please read the precautions on the back and fill in this butter)) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 409183 ΛΚ BS cs _ DS 6. The scope of the patent application " A certain distance above the granular material, and the sensor moves down while illuminating the sensing light, so the position where the powder or granular material starts to be illuminated by the sensing light is taken as The measurement start position 16. The device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material as described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, further comprising: a vibrator 'a substrate is attached to the table, and one is placed on the substrate The electromagnet above, and a weight which is placed between the base and the electromagnet and is vertically movable and partially made of a magnetic material, wherein when the electromagnet has a current supply, the weight is The electromagnet is attracted 'and when the current to the electromagnet is interrupted, the weight falls on the substrate and thereby transmits a vibration to the table. 17. The device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material as described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, further comprising: a funnel 'allows the powdery or granular material to substantially fall on the table from above To form a pile of powdery or granular material thereon; a substrate with a perforation having a diameter smaller than the maximum diameter of the funnel to support the funnel through the perforation; and a ring member on the substrate And there is a caliber that engages with the large direct control part with a funnel, wherein the funnel is positioned on the substrate by the caliber formed in the ring member. Ϊ8. A kind of measuring powder or granular material stack The device with a tilt angle includes: a small shovel 'has a sample stage with a rectangular upper surface; 41 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -------! 1¾- -----, 玎 ^-rr ---- line (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 409183 AK B8 C8 m VI. Apply for a patent Fanyuan a large bucket 'Place in the small shovel Next, the powdery or granular material pile is stacked thereon; a first Moving device to move the vat vertically; a sensor 'radiates sensing light in a first direction perpendicular to the length direction of the spatula' and receives from a pile of powdery or granular material stacked on the sample stage The light reflected from the point illuminated by the sensing light on the surface detects the distance to the powdery or granular material pile; a second moving device 'in the length direction of the spatula and a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the spatula and the first The sensor is moved in one direction and a second direction; a vibrator, a base attached to the small clock, an electromagnet placed on the base and integrally formed therewith, and a base and the electromagnet When the electromagnet is supplied with a current, the weight is attracted by the electromagnet 'when the current to the electromagnet is interrupted', the weight is generated by falling on the substrate A vibration; and a control device that controls the first and second mobile devices and the vibrator and processes data obtained from the sensor, wherein the controller automatically controls with a predetermined number of steps and a predetermined time Perform, a first step, a large bucket placed near the small shovel and having a pile of the powdery or granular material pile is moved downwards-a second step, each time the sensor moves to a predetermined position, detecting the The position of the spot on the powder or granular material illuminated by the sensing light; a third step, transmitting a vibration to the spatula by the vibrator, and a fourth step, from a plurality of The position data obtained in the step calculates the 42 paper sizes of the powdery or granular material stack. The Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇297297) is applied. ----: --- ^-I -pack ------ Order; ------- line (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 409183 K 8 S 8 A BCD Range small shovel angle 19. 19. The device for measuring the inclination angle of a pile of powdery or granular material as described in item 18 of the scope of patent application, which enables the control device to be a panel computer that displays interaction on a panel Screen, and processes and changes the screen in response to a user's operation. ----; --- ^ --- Install-(Please read the notes on the back before filling in this f) The paper size printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is printed in accordance with China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm)