A 7 B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 發明背景 1 .發明領域 本發明偽關於一種材料試驗機器，並特別是關於一種 材料試驗機器，其具有垂直設置在相對兩侧之一對箱形 柱，分別旋轉配置在該對柱中之一對螺旋捍，安‘置在該 對柱間之一十字頭，以使十字頭分別在其相對端部經過. 螺帽與該對螺旋捍銜接，及分別附著至十字頭及此機器 穩定部之夾頭，以使該對螺旋桿旋轉造成十字頭移動以 賦予一拉力負載或其他相似負載至由夾頭所夾持之一試 件。 2 .先前技術說明 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 材料試驗，特別是由施加拉力負載或壓力負載至一試 件之靜態材料試驗是藉一如第9圖所示之材料試驗機器 執行。在第9圖中，該材料試驗機器具有提供在相對側 之箱形（橫斷面為U形）之一對柱M,分別旋轉配置在該 對柱Μ中之螺旋桿S,安置在該對柱Μ間之一十字頭K, 十字頭Κ分別在其相對端部經由螺帽Ν與螺旋桿S,銜 接。第9画是局部剖面之視圖以致該對柱中只有右邊之 柱的内部以剖面顯示。當該對螺旋桿S被驅動旋轉時， 該十字頭Κ位移俾便向上向下移動以産生一拉力負載或 相似負載，至一夾持在一對夾頭Υ和Υ間之一試件ΤΡ, 二夾頭Υ分別附箸至十字頭Κ及機器台D ，藉以試驗該 試件ΤΡ之抗張強度或其他類似強度。LS則是用於檢測負 載值之一測力器。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 在此類材料試驗機器中，該對柱Μ之每一傾應儘可能 成為像一箱形，因為各痼螺旋遭塵埃或外物侵入是令人 厭惡的及因為試驗操作人員之手部等被螺旋部絆住是危 險的。因為無論如何都需安置十字頭Κ於二柱Μ之間以 使十字頭Κ分別以其相對端部銜接於螺旋捍S，該對柱 Μ之相對表面（内部表面）有開放空間，以使每一個柱Μ 有ϋ形之剖面。為了防備塵埃或外物侵入及為了安全之 處置，一對摺疊皮（bellows)Z和Ζ,作用如同保護遮斷 器者是安置在空間内如第9圖所示。由於安置該摺蠱皮 Z和Z,使十字頭K之上下位移變得安全，而防備塵埃 或外物侵入及為了安全之處置得以實現。 雖然在習知材料試驗機器中類此之摺昼皮Z和Z是作 為防備塵埃或外物侵入及為了安全之處置，但引起下述 之一項問題。 該問題是摺疊皮Z和Z是用紙，橡膠，或其他相似物 製造，以使其是可折璺的。因此摺疊皮Z和Z之強度甚 弱，以致摺昼皮Z和Z可能變形，而手部或試驗操作工 具在當手或工具意外侵入或插入至該摺顰皮Z和Z時， 可能危險地碰觸螺旋桿。此外當十字頭K或試驗中向上 向下移動時，摺疊皮Z和Z之一可能極端擴張因而彎曲。 當類此彎曲重覆多次時，摺壘皮Z和Z在彎曲位置之折 蠱部可能發生破裂。此外在十字頭K移動至上方或下方 位準時，摺蠱皮Z和Z擴張或收縮，但摺蠱皮Z和Z有 一預定之厚度以致十字頭K之蓮動量（行程）是受折簦部 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) m nn n^— tn· ml tm-"V nn ft^m n^n ml I n\ n 1^1^1 B^i^— » ,-. Λ 条 、νβ· rw 五、發明説明（3 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 題 決 材形該該該成夾對旋形 桿 處 相蓋 物以 問 解 種箱在與和造由相螺.箱 旋 側 互狀 外， 之 能 一對置別頭而一之沿諸 螺 内。使板 有險 短 其 由一安分字轉至頭是在 當 之縫俾使 仍危 縮 ， 是之，部十旋載字蓋閉 在 桿狹為以 ，之 被 器 現側桿端該因負十狀封 頭 旋諸置， 器内 程 機 實對旋對於捍之在板別 字 螺過配部 機間 行 驗 之相螺相箸旋似成諸分 十 近穿是間 驗空 效 試 標在對之附螺相形中此 是 鄰別其空 試之 有 料 目供一頭別對或別其因 佳 及分，如 料間 之 材 述提之字分該載分及， 最 .上可部， 材蓋 K 種 上直中十及使負是，部 ， 部俾架間 述狀-頭 一 ，垂柱該，致力部側間 中。端為框其間上板5 字 供 態括對使接，拉間内空 器動對置對於空之一 -十 提 型包該並銜頭一空之過 機移相配一間一態任 起 是 一其在頭而夾生中桿穿 驗下之蓋有空單型與 引 標 第，置宇帽之産其旋別 試上頭狀具一該一頭 故 目。之成配十螺部以，螺分。料作字板頭單過第字 。 一題明達轉個過定移件近.便桿材時十使字一穿明十 制 之問發器旋 一經穩位試鄰俥旋之轉在以十成可發在 限述明諸本機別之桿一之之及，螺述旋是縫是形俾本入 之簡發之據驗分間旋之頭持之置之上動佳狹佳以為據進 度明本述根試，柱螺器字夾上配中在驅最成最對置根能 厚發 上 料柱對對機十頭側桿柱 被 形 相配 可 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 致假如在外物放置於十字頭與板狀蓋之間之狀態而試驗 機器仍繼續驅動，就會發生機械破裂或傷人之事故。 要消除該類危險，根據本發明之第二型態，因此提供 一種材料試驗機器，其包括垂直提供在相對側之一對箱 形柱，分別旋轉配置在該對柱中之一對螺旋桿，安置在 該對柱間之一値十字頭，以使該十字頭之相對端部分別 經過螺帽與該對螺旋擇銜接，及分別附箸於該十宇頭和 該機器之一穩定部之夾頭，致使該對螺旋桿因旋轉而造 成十字頭之位移以産生一拉力負載或相似負載至一由 夾頭夾持之試件，其中空間部是分别形成在十字頭之相 對側上及鄰近螺旋桿之内側處，且其中諸板狀蓋是沿 螺旋桿配置俾可分別穿透空間部，因此分別封閉在諸箱 形柱中之螺旋桿，至少有一値板狀蓋是提供為俾可在螺 旋桿之方向位移以使該試驗機器之驅動可反應一板狀蓋 之位移而停止。 根據本發明第三型態之材料試驗機器，最佳是每一値 空間部是形成為俥可有一寬的界限。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -· 根據本發明第二型態之材料試驗機器，最佳是諸狹縫 是形成為通過十字頭而在其相對端部上及鄰近螺旋桿之 内側，以使板狀蓋配置為俥可分別穿過諸狹縫。 根據本發明第二型態之材料試驗機器，最佳是提供用 於檢測最少一個板狀蓋之位移之檢測設備，以使該試驗 機器之驅動可反應來自檢測設備之信號而停止。 根據本發明第二型態之材料試驗機器，最佳是提供鎖 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨Ο X 297公釐） 五、發明説明（5 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 狀板，停 之 組 之 組 之 組 之 之 面 板個備而 器 之 器 之 器 •之 構 器 剖 個一設號 機 分 機 分 機 分 機 機 部 一 少測信 驗 部 驗 部 驗 部 測 驗 局 少至檢之 試 體 試 體 試 體 檢 試 之 至該之置 料 主 料 主 料 主 之 料 態 該定移裝 材 之 材。之 材 之 中 材。組 定鎖位測 之 C器 之圖器 之 C器 器 之圓之 鎖於蓋檢 態圖機 態視機 態圖機 機 態視器 便由狀自 型‘視驗 型前驗 型視驗 驗 型前機 俾測板來 Γ前試 一之試 二前試. 試 二之驗 ,檢個應 第之料 第面料 第之料 料 第面試 上於一反 明面材 明剖材 明面材 材 明剖料 蓋用少可 發剖之 發部之 發剖之 之 發部材 狀供最動 本部圖 本局圖 本部圖 圖 本局知 板提致驅 據局 1 據之 3 據局 5 5 據之習 個及導之 根之第 根態第 根之第 第 根態一 一 ，而器 示態示 示組示 示態示 示 示組示 少頭頭機 明顯組顯。顯之顯。顯組顯。顯 顯之顯 至字字驗 說是之是圔是例是圖是之是圖是 是例是 。 於十十試 單圔例圖視圖施圔視圖例圖視圖 。圖施圖圖 備該至該 簡 1 施 2 透 3 實 4 透 5 施 6 透 7 圖 8 實 9 視 設至蓋使。示第實第之第一第之第實第之第視第一第前 定蓋狀以止圖 一 態 另 態 一 態 透 另 之 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)A 7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention 1. Field of the invention The present invention relates to a material testing machine, and in particular to a material testing machine, which has a pair of box columns vertically arranged on opposite sides, respectively. A pair of spiral guards arranged in the pair of columns is rotated, and a cross head is placed between the pair of pillars so that the cross heads pass at their opposite ends respectively. The nut is connected to the pair of spiral guards and is attached separately To the crosshead and the chuck of the machine's stable part, so that the rotation of the pair of screw rods causes the crosshead to move to impart a tensile load or other similar load to a test piece held by the chuck. 2. Previous technical description Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Material testing, especially static material testing by applying tensile or compressive load to a test piece is borrowed The material testing machine is executed as shown in FIG. 9. In FIG. 9, the material testing machine has a pair of columns M provided in a box shape (a U-shaped cross section) on opposite sides, and the spiral rods S arranged in the pair of columns M are respectively rotated and disposed in the pair. One of the crossheads K and K of the crossheads K is connected to the screw rod S via the nut N at the opposite ends. Drawing 9 is a partial section view so that only the right side of the pair of columns is shown in section. When the pair of screw rods S are driven to rotate, the crosshead K displacement 俾 moves up and down to generate a tensile load or a similar load, to a test piece TP held between one pair of chucks Υ and Υ, Two chucks are attached to the crosshead K and the machine table D, respectively, so as to test the tensile strength or other similar strength of the test specimen TP. The LS is one of the dynamometers used to detect load values. This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) In this type of material testing machine, each pair of columns M The tilt should be as box-shaped as possible, because the invasion of each spiral by dust or foreign objects is disgusting, and it is dangerous because the hand of the test operator is caught by the spiral. Because in any case, the crosshead K needs to be placed between the two pillars M so that the crosshead K is connected to the spiral guard S with its opposite ends, respectively, the opposite surfaces (inner surfaces) of the pair of pillars M have open spaces so that each A column M has a cross section. In order to prevent the invasion of dust or foreign objects and for safe disposal, a pair of folded skins Z and Z, which acts as a protective circuit breaker, are placed in the space as shown in Figure 9. Due to the placement of the zigzag skin Z and Z, the crosshead K is displaced up and down safely, and the prevention of intrusion of dust or foreign objects and the disposal for safety are realized. Although the Z- and Z-like skins in conventional materials testing machines are used to prevent the intrusion of dust or foreign objects and to dispose of them safely, they cause one of the following problems. The problem is that the folds Z and Z are made of paper, rubber, or the like to make them foldable. Therefore, the strength of the folding leather Z and Z is so weak that the folding leather Z and Z may be deformed, and the hand or the test operation tool may be dangerous when a hand or a tool accidentally penetrates or is inserted into the folding leather Z and Z. Touch the screw. In addition, when the crosshead K or the test head is moved up and down, one of the folding skins Z and Z may be extremely expanded and bent. When this kind of bending is repeated many times, the folds of the folding skin Z and Z in the bending position may rupture. In addition, when the crosshead K is moved to the upper or lower position, the folding heads Z and Z expand or contract, but the folding heads Z and Z have a predetermined thickness so that the lotus momentum (stroke) of the crosshead K is the original part of the folding head. Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) m nn n ^ — tn · ml tm- " V nn ft ^ mn ^ n ml I n \ n 1 ^ 1 ^ 1 B ^ i ^ — »,-. Λ, νβ · rw V. Description of the invention (3 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The cover of the pair of rotating rods is used to cover the seed box and the screw. The box is on the side of the screw. The two sides of the box can be placed on the other side of the screw. The turn from one fen to the head is in the middle of the seam so that it is still shrinking. Yes, the part ten spin-loading word cover is closed in the narrow pole, and the end of the side of the quilt should be rotated with a negative ten-shaped head. Various settings, the actual internal counter-rotation of the machine is to protect the phase-in-phase inspection between the machine and the board, and it seems that the helical spirals are inseparable. In the form of the snail, this is the material next to its empty test for one pair or other reasons and points. If the material in the material room is mentioned, the word is divided and the most. The upper part, the material Cover K kinds of straight up and middle ten, and the negative is, the part, the part of the frame is described in the shape-the first one, the vertical column should be dedicated to the side of the part. The space inside the machine is opposite to the space one-ten mentions the package and the title is passed. The space is matched. The position is either a head and a middle pole. The cover is empty. The model and the index number, the Zhiyu cap produced by its spin-on test with a head and a head. It is equipped with ten screw parts, with screw points. The material is written on the head of the word. One over-determined moving piece is near. When the pole is made of rods, the ten-pointer will pass through the ten-pointer, and once it is in position, it will test the rotation of the neighbor. As far as it is concerned, the spiral screw is stitched in the form of a simple hairpin, and the head of the spinner is held on top of each other. It is considered that the root test of this statement is based on the progress. Drive the most right The thick hair feeding column can be matched to the ten side rods of the machine (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) If the test machine continues to be driven in the state where a foreign object is placed between the crosshead and the plate-shaped cover, a mechanical rupture or injury will occur. To eliminate this type of danger, according to According to a second aspect of the present invention, a material testing machine is provided, which includes a pair of box-shaped columns vertically provided on opposite sides, and a pair of spiral rods arranged in the pair of columns are respectively rotated and arranged between the pair of columns. A crosshead was pushed so that the opposite ends of the crosshead were connected with the pair of spirals through a nut, and the chucks attached to the Shiyu head and one of the stability parts of the machine, respectively. The rotation causes the displacement of the crosshead to generate a tensile load or a similar load to a test piece held by the collet, wherein the space portions are formed on the opposite sides of the crosshead and adjacent to the inside of the screw rod, respectively, and its The plate-shaped covers are arranged along the spiral rods and can penetrate the space portions respectively, so the spiral rods are respectively enclosed in box-shaped columns. At least one of the plate-shaped covers is provided so that they can be displaced in the direction of the spiral rods so that the The driving of the test machine can be stopped in response to the displacement of a plate-shaped cover. According to the third aspect of the material testing machine of the present invention, it is preferable that each space portion is formed so that the space may have a wide boundary. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the notes on the back before filling this page)-· According to the second type of material testing machine of the present invention, the slits are preferably formed to pass through the crosshead On its opposite end and adjacent to the inside of the screw rod, the plate-shaped cover is configured so that the slits can pass through the slits, respectively. According to the second type of material testing machine of the present invention, it is preferable to provide a testing device for detecting the displacement of at least one plate-shaped cover, so that the driving of the testing machine can stop in response to a signal from the testing device. According to the second type of material testing machine of the present invention, it is best to provide the paper size of the lock paper which is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (2 丨 〇 X 297 mm). 5. Description of the invention (5 A7 B7 Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs) Bureau Consumer Consumption Cooperative Printed Plates, Stopped Groups, Groups, Groups, Panels, Devices, Devices, and Devices • Structures are divided into a number extension, extension extension, extension extension, and inspection department. The inspection department has as few as the test body, the test body, the test body, the material state, the material state, the material of the fixed transfer material, the material, and the group. Of the device, the circle of the device, the lock of the circle of the device, the state of the machine, the state of the machine, the state of the machine, and the state of the machine Γ Before the first test, before the second test. After the second test, check the first material, the first material, the first material, and the second material on the interview. The hair section of the hair section The hair section of the hair section The map of this bureau The map of this bureau The map of this bureau knows to drive the bureau 1 according to the bureau 3 according to the bureau 5 5 the basis of the root state of the guide and the root state of the root state one by one, and the device shows the group Show the state show the show group show the little head machine is obviously group display. The obvious display. The display group display. The obvious display is to the word. It is true that the example is the picture is the picture is the picture is the example is. Test single example view view, example view view, illustration view, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, illustration, or illustration. The first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, and the front cover are fixed, and the picture is different (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 最佳實施例説明 第1圔是相似於第9圖之一視匾，其顯示根據本發明 第一型態之材料試驗機器之實施例之組態。在第1圖之 材料試驗機器中，一對螺旋桿2是分別旋轉配置在一對 箱形（剖面為ϋ形）柱1之内部，而柱1是分別垂直提供 在相對側。一値十字頭3安置在該對柱1之間，以致十 字頭3在其相對端分別經由螺帽4與螺旋桿2銜接。一 對夾頭5和5分別附著在十字頭3和機台6上，以使一 試件7能夾持在夾頭5和5之間。該對螺旋桿2被驅動 旋轉而造成十字頭3上下移動以産生一拉力負載或相似 負載至夾持在夾頭之試件7，因此可試驗試件7之抗拉 •強度或類似者。參考數字8指示一測力器以檢測負載值 。十字頭3是造形為與箱形相似，如先前技術之相同方 法，但是1貫穿孔3Η形成在十字頭3之縱向中央部致使 上方夾頭5之上方之端部是經過貫穿孔3Η連接至測力器 8以便檢測試件7上之負載。參考數字9則指示一軛鐵。 上面述説之組態沒有與第9圔中之習知材料試驗機器 不同之處，但是本發明之本實施例是與習知材料試驗機 器不同，其中狹縫3S是形成在十字頭3之相對側上及鄰 近螺旋桿’2之内側及其中板狀蓋10是固定至柱1俥使分 別穿過沿螺旋桿2之狹縫3S(左柱之内部未顯示）。在 此使用之術語「鄰近内側J意指「分別是二螺旋桿2之内 側和鄰近之内側」。最佳是狹縫3 S設在U形柱1之個別 自由側被密封之位置。若每一狹縫3 S是太接近於相當乏 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) \裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 一個螺旋桿2 ,則狹缝3 S與螺帽4間之距離被減小而使 機械強度降低以致發生類如破裂等等問題。所以此距離 是設定為計入該環境之狀況之適宜值。螺旋桿2則是形 成為俾便分別以板狀蓋10而被封閉在箱形柱1中。此封 閉並不是完全氣密的封閉，以致於間隙産生在板狀蓋1 0 與柱1之間，但是螺旋捍2實質上是分別封閉在柱1之 内部。 在十字頭3内的毎一狹縫3S之形狀是如第2圖所示， 其中透視顯示第1圖實施例之主體部分。亦即狹縫是提 供為俾可伸展在垂直於十字頭3之縱長方向之方向，致 使形成為能插入狹縫3S之板狀蓋10可通過狹縫3S*»十字 頭3及蓋10是提供為俾可保留一不變距離於其間以便即 使在試驗時十字頭位移在前後方向之情況亦不會互相接 觸。實際上，雖然板狀蓋10之提供，十字頭3仍能上下 移動〇板狀蓋10不僅作為防備塵埃或外物侵入及用於安 全之處置，但亦防止手部或試驗操作工具意外的侵入或 插入至摺壘皮中之類似問題。所以在習知情況中之摺疊 皮彎曲之問題得以解決。更加十字頭3能在機台6與軛 鐵9間上下移動，以使其有效行程較習知實例&為加大。 在此狹縫3S形成之實施例中，出現一利益，即，十字 頭3仍能造形如一箱形以獲得大的機械強度，優良的外 觀等等。 第3圖顯示根據本發明第一型態之g —實施例或第1 圖之變更。第3圖之此項實施例是與第1圖和第2圖之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X29I7公釐） -丨 ΊΊ〇ΐ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、1Τ α A7 B7 五、發明説明（8 ) 實施例不同，其中十字頭3之形狀是有變更。即，第3 圖中之十字頭3不是像笫1圖和第2圖中顯示之矩形實 體之形狀，而是十字頭3由一對十字頭框架3P構成，此 框架是配置為俾可伸延在第3圖中之前後方向及為俾可 互相相對以使在該對十字頭框架3 p間形成有一空間。板 狀蓋1 1即穿過此空間。當然，一測力器8是設置為俾可 安置橫過該對十字頭框架3p，因而能檢測負載。第4圖 是相似於第3圖之一視圖，透視顯示第3圔之主體部分 之組態。在板狀蓋1 1通過十字頭框架3 p間之空間之該組 態是不僅有用於減小十字頭3之重量並較上述狹縫組態 更易於加工及裝配，而且即使在試驗中多少會發生之十 字頭3之橫向振動之情況，在十字頭3與每一板狀蓋11 間亦沒有接觸。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 雖然根據本發明第一型態之材料試驗機器具有如上述 關於在圖中所示之實施例之特徵，其他利用此特徵之變 更亦可包含在本發明第一型態之範圍内。例如，圖示之 實施例顯示諸柱是垂直提供之情況，以使十字頭3上下 移動。但是，實際上本發明能施用於諸柱是水平配置之 試驗機器中。本發明能不僅施用於一種抗拉強度試驗機 器，而且施用於一種抗壓強度試驗機器。此外，本發 明能施用於諸柱是垂直提供在機台上之情況。此外，最 佳是該板狀蓋是按強度之觀點由金屬材料或合成樹脂材 料形成。但該板狀蓋亦可由紙質材料或橡膠材料形成。 此外樹脂材料亦可提供為一透明材料，以使能觀察其内 -10-本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） A 7 B7 五、發明説明（9 ) 部。本發明之第一型態都包含這些變更。 第5圖是顯示根據本發明第二型態之材料試驗機器之 一實施例之組態之部分剖面之前視圖。 相似於本發明之第一型態，根據本發明第二型態之此 實施例之材料試驗機器中，一對螺旋桿2是分別可旋轉 的配置在分別垂直提供在相對側之一對箱形（在水平面之 剖面為U形）柱1中。一個十字頭3是安置在該對柱1之 間，以使十字頭3之相對端分別經過螺帽4與螺旋桿2 銜接。一對夾頭5和5是分別附著在十字頭3和機台6 上，以使一試件7能在夾頭5和5之間夾持。該對螺旋 桿2被驅動旋轉以造成十字頭3上下移動以賦予一拉力 負載或其他類似負載至由夾頭夾持之試件7,因此可試驗 試件7之抗拉強度或其他類似強度。參考數字8偽指示 一用於檢測負載值之測力器。十字頭3則是造形為似一 矩形實體並有一貫穿孔（未顯示）形成在十字頭3之縱長 中央部。上方夾頭5之上端部是經過該貫穿孔連接至測 力器8以便檢測試件7上之負載。參考數字9則指示一 軛鐵·。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在根據本發明第二型態之本實施例中，如第5圔所示 ,寬界限空間部3 K是分別形成在十字頭3之相對端側及 鄰近螺旋桿2之内部側，以及板狀蓋3 0是沿螺旋桿2配 置以穿過寬界限空間部3K(左柱内部未顯示）俾使其可分 別相關於柱1而上下移動，在此使用之術語「鄰近内側」 意指「分別是二螺旋桿2之内側和鄰近之内側，.最佳為 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 五、發明説明（10 A7 B7 倒的 由應 自對 別近 個鄰 之太 柱3K 之部 形間 U 空 成限 面界 剖寬 在個 供一 提每 是若 K 3 0 部置 間位 空之 限封 界密 寛被 4 如 帽類 螺起 3^· n "弓 部致 端以 之低 rfv 3K降 部被 間度 空強 限械 界機 寬得 此使 則 ， -小 時減 一 被 之離 2 距 桿之 旋間 螺之 適箱 為在 定閉 設封 而其 境將 環30 該蓋 慮狀 考板 是由 離為 距成 該形 以別 所分 0是 題 2 問桿 之旋 等螺 等。 裂值 破宜 産封 隙的 間質 有實 致是 以別 閉分 封 2 密桿 氣旋 的螺 美但 完 ， 是間 不之 閉 1 封柱 此與 ο ο 3 中蓋 之狀 1 板 柱在 形生 其之 ο » no 歡蓋 特狀 要板 重是 一 別 有持 具。 例動 施移 實下 之上 態使 型為 二置 β S ο _ 酉 部明是 内發30 之本蓋 1 ’狀 柱外板 在此該 閉 是 是 端 方 下 及 方 上 個1 每 例間 Β(之 12台 和機 2 與 1 S 體苗 Μ表 本形 性π 彈Γ 及之 形30 安 會 可 或 簧 0Ρ 51 縮 壓 如 置 配 3 迫 蓋強 狀被 板能 於可 置 2 間I )¾5ί η 彈簧 旋彈 螺旋 如螺 和 被 5 而第 動如 移是 下即 上 。 之止 30停 蓋而 狀號 板信 應此 反於 可基 號能 信態 一 肋 I -julu log 0 鹱 簧驗 彈試 伸使 拉以 如出 置輸 和頭 5 I 1 字 釘十 螺於 定關 固相 藉在 別位 分定 是其 皆使 14俾 和 ， 3 ο 1 3 件蓋 構狀 定板 鎖値,1 示每 所至 圖著 (諳先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝— 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 上 置 位3'0, 部縫 下狹 和之 部中 - ο 上 3 第 如 螺 定 固 和 板 在 成 形 過 穿 附之蓋 16. 3 狀 圖 示 蓋 狀 板 在 別 分 並 後 之 示釘 顯螺 細定 詳固 未與 然別 雖分 冒 0 ¢. 接螺 銜使 紋以 螺為 18成 和形 17是 構18 機和 帽17 螺構 與機 上帽 側螺 面此 表， 蓋 狀 板 S. ο 與 3 成缝 造狹 而沿 接能 銜14 紋和 螺13 16件 和構 5 7 -1 定 鎖 加 更 0 觸 接 性 彈 之 移 時 開 鬆 6 1Α 和 5 1Χ 釘 螺 定 固 在 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐）. n^i I —^ϋ a m· TJ n an I ^^^1 l\ n an I a 、·!+ r - ^ A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明 ( 11 ) 丨 動 9 以 使 鎖 定 構 件 1 3和 14 能 固 定 在 所 要 之 位 置 〇 J I 在 上 述 之 組 態 中 3 不 僅 當 在 試 驗 j.-frr* 兀 成 後 十 字 頭 3 移 動 1 1 較 預 定 量 更 大 時 ί 十 字 頭 3 靠 近 鎖 定 構 件 1 3 » 而 且 當 十 /-~Ν 請 1 先 1 字 頭 3 移 動 更 大 時 板 狀 蓋 3 0抗 拒 螺 旋 彈 簧 1 2 A和1 2 Β之 閱 讀 1 3tm W 性 力 而 移 動 〇 此 移 動 是 由 一 檢 測 她 機 構 SK 測 出 〇 第 7 圖 背 ώ 1 之 詳 細 顯 示 檢 測 機 構 SK之 組 態 0 如 第 7 圖 所 示 9 具 有 光 線 注 意 1 ψ 發 射 部 2 0和 光 線 接 收部 2 1 之 U 形 框 架 是 固 定 至 板 狀 蓋 30 項 f Γ 之 後 表 面 〇 配 置 在 機 台 6 上 之 座 2 3上 提 供 有 Μ Η 2 2以 ，填 寫 本 裝 插 入 U 形 框 架 1 9之 中 〇 在 顯 示 於 第 7 圖 之 狀 態 中 » 遮 檔 頁 ·—^ I 被 執 行 以 使 •firr 難 信 號 光 線 接 收 部 2 1 發 出 〇 當 板 狀 蓋 30反 1 1 抗 螺 旋 3Ut> 簧 1 2 A和1 2 B之 性 力 而 移 動 時 » 該 遮 檔 狀 態 被 1 | 消 除 以 使 板 狀 蓋 30 之 移 動 被 測 出 〇 1 訂 此 外 > 例 如 當 外 物 放 置 在 板 狀 蓋 3 0 與 十 字 頭 3 之 螺 帽 1 4 之 間 時 此 十 字 頭 3 是 與 板 狀 蓋 30 整 個 一 起 以 使 該 板 1 I 狀 蓋 3 0 是 由 十 字 頭 3 之 操 作 而 移 動 〇 同 樣 在 此 情 況 中 9 1 I 光 線 接 收 部 2 1 輸 出 一 檢 測 倍 號 〇 I Λ 雖 然 第 5 圔 顯 示 在 十 字 頭 3 中 提 供 有 寬 界 限 空 間 3Κ之 I 情 況 該 寛 界 限 空 間 部 並 非 —‘ 定 需 要 形 成 在 十 字 頭 3 上 1 1 > 而 亦 可 提 供 狹 縫 > 只 要 此 狹 縫 僅 有 允 許 板 狀 蓋 3 0 能 分 1 1 別 穿 過 該 狹 縫 之 面 積 即 可 〇 在 此 情 況 中 如 第 8 圖 所 示 » -【 狹 縫 3S 是 提 供 為 使 其 伸 延 在 垂 直 於 十 字 頭 3 之 縱 長 方 向 1 ,Γ 之 方 向 i 以 使 形 成 為 能 插 入 狹 縫 3 S 之 板 狀 蓋 3 0可 通 過 狹 1 I 縫 3 S 〇 十 字 頭 3 與 蓋 3 0 是 提 供 為 使 其 間 保 持 恆 定 距 離 1 j 以 使 其 不 互 相 > 即 使 在 試 驗 中 » 十 字 頭 在 前 後 方 向 1 -1 3- 1 1 1 1 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210父297公釐） A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印絮 五、發明説明 ( 12 ) i 位 移 時 亦 然 〇 當 然 9 十 字 頭 3 不 受 板 狀 蓋 3 0之 設 置 的 影 1 I 繼 而 可 上 下 移 動 〇 板 狀 蓋 30不 僅 作 為 防 備 塵 埃 或 外 物 之 1 1 侵 入 及 用 於 安 全 之 處 置 9 而 且 防 止 手 或 試 驗 操 作 工 具 侵 請 1 I 先 入 或 插 入 摺 鲞 皮 之 意 外 發 生 〇 所 以 在 習 知 情 況 中 之 摺 璺 閱 讀 I 皮 彎 曲 之 問 題 得 以 解 決 〇 更 加 十 字 頭 3 能 在 機 台 6 與 軛 背 1 之 1, 鐵 9 之 間 上 下. 移 動 » 以 使 有 效 行 程 能 較 習 知 實 例 者 更 為 注 意 重 1 A 增 大 0 在 此 實 施 例 中 有 該 狹 縫 3S形 成 9 可 使 起 十 字 頭 3 爭 項 号1 f u 仍 能 成 形 為 二 矩 形 實 體 以 獲 得 大 的 機 械 強 度 9 良 好 的 外 寫 本 裝 I 觀 等 等 之 利 益 〇 頁 -—✓ I 同 樣 在 此 實 施 例 中 板 狀 蓋 30 是 配 置 為 能 上 下 移 動 〇 1 即 9 在 板 狀 蓋 30 之 下 方 端 穿 過 機 台 6 時 9 每 一 個 板 狀 蓋 1 1 3 0 之 上 方 端 部 穿 過 軛 鐵 9 之 下 方 表 面 〇 在 此 情 況 中 9 機 1 訂 1 台 6 之 貫 穿 孔 之 大 小 是 造 成 為 儘 可 能 接 近 於 板 狀 蓋 3 0 之 大 小 ， 以 減 小 在 機 台 6 與 板 狀 蓋 3 0 間 之 距 離 〇 此 外 9 T 1 1 形 板 3 0 T形成在板狀蓋3 0之個別端部。 螺旋彈簧2 4和2 5 1 I 是 分 別 間 置 在 T 形 板 30 T與軛鐵9 之間及在T 形板3 0 T 與 機 台 6 之 間 〇 所 以 板 狀 蓋 3 0 是 被 推 動 為 上 下 彈 性 移 動 〇 1 此 外 9 徹 動 開 關 2 6和 2 7 是 分 別 配 置 在 軛 鐵 9 及 機 台 6 上 I 9 俾 使 面 對 T 形 板 3 0 To 在上述組態中， 板狀蓋3 〇隨十 1 1 . 字 頭 3 之 蓮 動 而 上 下 移 動 9 例 如 當 一 外 物 放 置 在 十 字 頭 I 3 與 板 狀 蓋 30 間 之 間 隙 時 > 微 動 開 關 2 6 (2 7 ) 立 即 操 作 以 輸 出 一 信 m 以 使 提 供 在 機 台 6 之 驅 動 機 構 能 緊 急 停 止 以 1 1 防 止 神 機 器 之 破 壞 9 受 傷 等 等 〇 即 使 在 操 作 作 出 一 錯 誤 操 作 之 情 況 下 > 使 她 或 他 的 手 或 工 具 放 置 在 十 字 頭 3 與 1 I -1 4- 1 1 1 1 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） A 7 B7 五、發明説明（U ) 板狀蓋30之間，試驗亦能立刻安全地停止。„ 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 雖然根據本發明第二型態之材料試驗機器具有如上述 之有關解說於圖示中之實施例說明之持歡，使用此特歡 之其他變更亦可包含在本發明第二型態之範圍内。持別 是本發明第二型態之特徵是形成在十字頭中之空間部。 此空間部可具有在寬界限空間之大小與狹縫之大小間之 中度大小。例如，每一値空間造形均像一三角形，可使 用一狹縫作為其底邊。此外在第5圖中，鎖定構件，如 鎖定設備，傺配置以使板狀蓋反應十字頭3之不正常蓮 動而得到位移。但是在此實例中，鎖定構件之造形不限 制於如圖示中所圖說之板狀造形。例如，鎖定構件之功 能可給予鎖定設備之固定螺絲。此外，檢測設備，用於 檢測板狀蓋之運動者，在採用於描述之實施例中並不限 於該光學檢測設備或微動開關。例如檢測設備可形成如 一開開機構，其中試驗機器之驅動電路（由一電子電路 構成）是反應板狀蓋之位移而打開/關閉。此外，亦在 此實例中，鎖定構件是配置如圔說之實施例，鎖定構件 可以是固定的，其是以一方法附著以使鎖定構件之附著 位置在圖説之實施例中是可改變的。即使在鎖定構件之 附著位置能改變之實例中，可提供多個孔洞以代替提供 在圖説實施例之板狀蓋中之狹縫。此外，圖説實施例顯 示垂直提供之柱之實例以使十字頭3上下移動。但是， 當然，本發明亦能施用於水平配置之柱之試驗機器中。 此外，本發明不僅能施用於抗拉強度試驗機器，亦能施 -1 5 -本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（l4 ) 用於抗壓強度試驗機器。此外，本發明能施用於在機台 上垂直提供之柱之實例。此外，最佳是以強度觀點用金 屬材料或合成樹脂材料以形成板狀蓋，但此板狀蓋亦可 自紙質材料或橡膠材料形成。此外此樹脂材料可提供為 一透明材料，以使能觀察其内部。本發明之第二型態包 含全部這些變更。 根據本發明之第一型態之材料試驗機器中，如上 述，習知材料試驗機器中之摺疊皮之問題已解決。即， 所提供的保護螺旋捍之蓋具有足夠之強度以使該蓋即使 在手或試驗操作工具意外侵入或插入蓋時，亦不會變形 。所以以手或工具接觸螺旋桿並不會有危險。更加没有 在習知材料試驗機器中發生之摺疊皮摺疊之問題。再加 因為沒有用於造成十字頭上下蓮動所間置之摺疊皮，十 字頭能在機台與軛鐵之間上下移動，以使十字頭之有效 行程能較習知實例者更大。 此外根據本發明之第二型態之材料試驗機.器，板狀蓋 是形成為除了有發明第一型態之特性外並可位移，而試 驗機器之驅動可反應板狀蓋位移之檢出而被停止，因之 限制十字頭之運動量。所以除了根據本發明第一型態之 組態之作用外，根據本發明第二型態之組態更具有在當 外物間置在板狀蓋與十字頭之間所發生之異常情勢時， 能由停止試驗機器之驅動而獲致安全及試驗機器之破裂 防止之利益。 -1 6 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS )八4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm). Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. A7 B7. 5. Description of the invention (6) Description of the best embodiment. 1) is similar to Figure 9 A plaque showing the configuration of an embodiment of a material testing machine according to the first form of the present invention. In the material testing machine shown in Fig. 1, a pair of screw rods 2 are rotatably disposed inside a pair of box-shaped (ϋ-shaped cross-section) columns 1, and the columns 1 are provided vertically on opposite sides, respectively. A crosshead 3 is disposed between the pair of posts 1 so that the crosshead 3 is engaged with the screw rod 2 via the nut 4 at its opposite ends, respectively. A pair of chucks 5 and 5 are attached to the crosshead 3 and the machine table 6, respectively, so that a test piece 7 can be held between the chucks 5 and 5. The pair of screw rods 2 are driven to rotate and cause the crosshead 3 to move up and down to generate a tensile load or similar load to the test piece 7 held in the chuck, so the tensile strength or similarity of the test piece 7 can be tested. The reference number 8 indicates a load cell to detect the load value. The crosshead 3 is shaped similar to the box shape, as in the previous method, but 1 through-hole 3Η is formed in the longitudinal central portion of the crosshead 3 so that the upper end of the upper chuck 5 is connected to the measurement through the through-hole 3Η. The force tester 8 is used to detect the load on the test piece 7. Reference numeral 9 indicates a yoke. The above-mentioned configuration is not different from the conventional material testing machine in item 9), but this embodiment of the present invention is different from the conventional material testing machine, in which the slit 3S is formed opposite to the crosshead 3 The plate-shaped cover 10 on the side and adjacent to the spiral rod '2 and its middle is fixed to the column 1 so as to pass through the slits 3S along the spiral rod 2 respectively (the interior of the left column is not shown). As used herein, the term "adjacent inner side J" means "inner side and adjacent inner side of the two screw rods 2, respectively". Preferably, the slits 3S are provided at positions where the respective free sides of the U-shaped column 1 are sealed. If each slit 3 S is too close to the rather scarce paper size, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm) applies (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Bureau of Standards Bureau A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) A spiral rod 2 reduces the distance between the slit 3 S and the nut 4 and reduces the mechanical strength so that problems such as cracks and the like occur. Therefore, this distance is set to a suitable value taking into account the conditions of the environment. The screw rods 2 are formed in a box shape and are enclosed in box-shaped columns 1 with plate-shaped covers 10, respectively. This closure is not completely air-tight, so that a gap is created between the plate-shaped cover 10 and the column 1, but the spiral guards 2 are essentially closed inside the column 1, respectively. The shape of the first slit 3S in the crosshead 3 is as shown in FIG. 2, where the main part of the embodiment of FIG. 1 is shown in perspective. That is, the slit is provided so as to be stretchable in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cross head 3, so that the plate-shaped cover 10 formed to be inserted into the slit 3S can pass through the slit 3S * »the cross head 3 and the cover 10 is It is provided to keep a constant distance between them so that they will not touch each other even if the crosshead is displaced in the front-to-back direction during the test. In fact, although the plate-shaped cover 10 is provided, the crosshead 3 can still move up and down. The plate-shaped cover 10 not only prevents intrusion of dust or foreign objects and is used for safe disposal, but also prevents accidental intrusion of hands or test operating tools. Or a similar problem inserted into the folding base. Therefore, the problem of bending the folded skin in the conventional case is solved. Furthermore, the crosshead 3 can be moved up and down between the machine 6 and the yoke 9 so that its effective stroke is larger than the conventional example & In the embodiment in which the slit 3S is formed, there is an advantage that the crosshead 3 can still be shaped like a box to obtain a large mechanical strength, an excellent appearance, and the like. Fig. 3 shows a modification of the g-embodiment or the first form according to the first form of the present invention. The example in Figure 3 is the same as the paper size in Figures 1 and 2 as applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X29I7 mm)-丨 ΊΊ〇ΐ (Please read the notes on the back before filling This page), 1T α A7 B7 5. Invention description (8) The embodiment is different, in which the shape of the crosshead 3 is changed. That is, the crosshead 3 in FIG. 3 is not shaped like a rectangular entity shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, but the crosshead 3 is composed of a pair of crosshead frames 3P, and the frame is configured to extend in The front and back directions in FIG. 3 and 俾 can be opposed to each other so that a space is formed between the pair of cross head frames 3 p. The plate-shaped cover 11 passes through this space. Of course, a load cell 8 is provided so as to be able to be placed across the pair of crosshead frames 3p, so that the load can be detected. Fig. 4 is a view similar to that of Fig. 3, showing the configuration of the main part of Fig. 3 in perspective. The configuration between the plate-shaped cover 11 and the crosshead frame 3 p is not only used to reduce the weight of the crosshead 3 but is easier to process and assemble than the above-mentioned slit configuration, and it will be used more or less during the test. In the case of the lateral vibration of the crosshead 3, there is no contact between the crosshead 3 and each plate-shaped cover 11. Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Although the material testing machine according to the first form of the present invention has the features described above regarding the embodiment shown in the figure, Other changes utilizing this feature may also be included in the scope of the first aspect of the present invention. For example, the illustrated embodiment shows a case where the columns are provided vertically to move the crosshead 3 up and down. However, in practice, the present invention can be applied to a test machine in which the columns are arranged horizontally. The present invention can be applied not only to a tensile strength testing machine, but also to a compressive strength testing machine. In addition, the present invention can be applied to a case where the columns are provided vertically on the machine. Further, it is preferable that the plate-shaped cover is formed of a metal material or a synthetic resin material from the viewpoint of strength. However, the plate-shaped cover may be formed of a paper material or a rubber material. In addition, the resin material can also be provided as a transparent material so that it can be observed -10- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) A 7 B7 5. The description of the invention (9). The first aspect of the present invention includes these changes. Fig. 5 is a partial front view showing a configuration of an embodiment of a material testing machine according to a second form of the present invention. Similar to the first form of the present invention, in the material testing machine of this embodiment according to the second form of the present invention, a pair of screw rods 2 are respectively rotatable and arranged in a pair of box shapes provided vertically on opposite sides, respectively. (U-shaped cross section in horizontal plane). A cross head 3 is arranged between the pair of posts 1 so that the opposite ends of the cross head 3 are connected with the screw rod 2 through the nut 4 respectively. A pair of chucks 5 and 5 are respectively attached to the cross head 3 and the machine table 6 so that a test piece 7 can be clamped between the chucks 5 and 5. The pair of spiral rods 2 are driven to rotate to cause the crosshead 3 to move up and down to impart a tensile load or other similar load to the test piece 7 held by the chuck, so the tensile strength or other similar strength of the test piece 7 can be tested. Reference numeral 8 pseudo-indicator A dynamometer for detecting a load value. The crosshead 3 is shaped like a rectangular solid and has a through hole (not shown) formed in the longitudinal central portion of the crosshead 3. The upper end of the upper chuck 5 is connected to the load cell 8 through the through hole to detect the load on the test piece 7. Reference numeral 9 indicates a yoke. Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) In this embodiment of the second form of the invention, as shown in Figure 5 (a), the wide-space department 3 K It is formed on the opposite end side of the cross head 3 and the inner side adjacent to the screw rod 2, and the plate-shaped cover 30 is arranged along the screw rod 2 to pass through the wide boundary space portion 3K (not shown inside the left column). Can be moved up and down in relation to the column 1, respectively. The term "adjacent inside" used herein means "the inside of the two spiral rods 2 and the inside of the adjacent, respectively. The best standard for this paper is the application of the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210X297mm) V. Description of the invention (10 A7 B7 The inverted U-shaped space limit section of the section 3K which should be opposite to the nearest neighboring pillar 3K. 0 part of the space is bounded by the limit of the bounds. 4 such as the caps are screwed up 3 ^. N " the bow is as low as rfv 3K. The lower part is widened by the space of the air force limit machine. ， -Minus one hour away from the distance 2 Sealing the situation will ring 30. The cover-like test board is separated from the distance into the shape and divided by 0. Question 2 is the rotation of the rod and other screws. The crack value should be produced. It ’s closed and closed. It ’s beautiful but complete. It ’s closed. It ’s closed. It ’s closed. Ο ο 3 The shape of the middle cover. 1 The column is in shape. »No One does not have a holder. For example, move the upper surface to make the shape of two β S ο _ 酉 Department Ming 30 is the internal cover of the 30 '1'-shaped column outer plate should be closed here and 1 on each side of the case B (of the 12 units and the machine 2 and 1 S body seed M surface shape π bomb Γ and the shape of 30 Anhui Ke or spring 0P 51 compression, if equipped with 3 forced cover The board can be placed in two rooms. I) ¾5ί η Springs, springs, spirals, such as snails and quilts, and the first move, such as the bottom, are up. The stop of the cover is 30, and the letter board letter should respond to the letter letter. One rib I -julu log 0 The test spring stretch test of the spring makes the pull such as the loser and the head 5 I 1 studs ten snails in the fixed phase. It all makes 14 俾 and 3 ο 1 3 pieces of cover configuration fixed plate lock 値, 1 shows each picture (谙 Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Equipment — Staff Consumption of Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs The cooperative prints the upper position 3'0, the lower part is narrow and the middle of the part-ο upper 3 The snail is fixed and the plate is over-molded and the cover is attached. The display of the nails shows the details of the screw, but it does n’t matter if you do n’t take the risk of 0 ¢. Connect the screw to make the pattern 18% and the shape 17 is the structure 18 and the cap 17 The structure of the screw and the side of the cap on the machine. The cover plate S. ο is narrow with 3 stitches and can be connected along the 14 lines and screws 13 16 pieces and structure 5 7 -1 fixed lock plus 0 open when the contact spring is moved 6 1Α and 5 1 × nail screw It is fixed to the standard of this paper. It applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm). N ^ i I — ^ ϋ am · TJ n an I ^^^ 1 l \ n an I a 、 ·! + R- ^ A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (11) 丨 Move 9 to lock the members 1 3 and 14 It can be fixed in the desired position. JI In the above configuration 3 Not only when the crosshead 3 moves 1 1 after the test j.-frr * is completed, the crosshead 3 is closer to the locking member 1 3 » When ten /-~ N please 1 first 1 prefix 3 when the plate-shaped cover 3 moves larger 0 resists the coil spring 1 2 A and 1 2 Β reads 1 3tm W and moves by sexual force. This movement is by a mechanism that detects her SK measured the details of the detection mechanism in the back of Figure 7. Figure 7 shows the configuration of the SK. 0 As shown in Figure 9 9 with light attention 1 ψ emitting part 2 0 and light receiving part 2 1 The U-shaped frame is fixed to the board The rear surface of the shape cover 30 items f Γ is provided on the seat 2 on the machine 6 and is provided with M Η 22 to fill in the installation and inserted into the U-shaped frame 19. In the state shown in FIG. 7 » Masking page · — ^ I is executed Make the firr difficult signal light receiving unit 2 1 send out. When the plate-shaped cover 30 moves against the force of the anti-helix 3 Ut > springs 1 2 A and 1 2 B »The shielding state is removed by 1 | The movement of the shape cover 30 is measured. For example, when a foreign object is placed between the plate shape cover 30 and the nut 1 4 of the cross head 3, the cross head 3 is integrated with the plate cover 30 as a whole. Let the plate 1 I-shaped cover 3 0 be moved by the operation of the crosshead 3. Also in this case, 9 1 I the light receiving section 2 1 outputs a detection magnification number 〇I Λ Although the fifth 圔 is displayed in the crosshead 3 I provided with a wide margin space 3K The margin space portion is not— 'Must be formed on the cross head 3 1 > but a slit > can also be provided as long as this slit only allows the plate-like cover 3 0 can Point 1 1 Don't pass through the area of the slit. In this case, as shown in Fig. 8--[Slit 3S is provided so that it extends in a direction i perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 1 and Γ of the crosshead 3 so as to form a plate shape capable of inserting the slit 3 S The cover 3 0 can pass through the narrow 1 I slit 3 S 〇 cross head 3 and cover 3 0 are provided to maintain a constant distance 1 j so that they are not mutually mutually> even in the test »cross head in front and back direction 1 -1 3 -1 1 1 1 This paper size applies to Chinese National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210 mm 297 mm) A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (12) i Of course, it is also true 9 The crosshead 3 is not affected by the setting of the plate-shaped cover 3 0 1 I can then be moved up and down. The plate-shaped cover 30 not only serves as protection against dust or foreign objects 1 1 intrusion and safe disposal 9 but also prevents hand or test operation Tool invasion 1 I first enter or The accident of folding the leather occurred. So the problem of reading the leather in the known situation I was solved. The crosshead 3 can be moved up and down between the machine 6 and the yoke back 1, 1 and iron 9. Move » In order to make the effective stroke more noticeable than those who are familiar with the example, 1 A is increased to 0. In this embodiment, the slit 3S is formed to 9 so that the cross head 3 and the number 1 fu can still be formed into two rectangular entities. Gain great mechanical strength 9 Good external cover I view benefits etc. Page--✓ I Also in this embodiment, the plate-shaped cover 30 is configured to be able to move up and down 〇 1 is 9 below the plate-shaped cover 30 The end passes through the machine at 6: 9. The upper end of each plate-shaped cover 1 1 3 0 passes through the lower surface of the yoke 9. In this case, the size of the through hole of the machine 1 ordered 1 machine 6 is to be exhausted. May be close to plate cover 3 0 Small, to reduce the small machine 6 from 9 T 1 1 T-shaped plate 30 is formed from the square addition of 30 individual end 3 0 of the cover and the plate-shaped cover plate. The coil springs 2 4 and 2 5 1 I are interposed between the T-shaped plate 30 T and the yoke 9 and between the T-shaped plate 3 0 T and the machine 6 respectively. Therefore, the plate-shaped cover 3 0 is pushed as Elastic movement up and down 〇 In addition, 9 on and off switches 2 6 and 2 7 are respectively arranged on the yoke 9 and the machine 6 I 9 so as to face the T-shaped plate 3 0 To In the above configuration, the plate-shaped cover 3 〇 Move up and down with ten 1 1. The movement of the prefix 3 9 For example, when a foreign object is placed in the gap between the cross head I 3 and the plate-shaped cover 30 > Micro switch 2 6 (2 7) Operate immediately to output a Letter m so that the drive mechanism provided on the machine 6 can be stopped urgently to prevent the damage of the God machine 9 injury and so on 〇 even if the operation makes an incorrect operation > place her or his hand or tool on Cross head 3 and 1 I -1 4- 1 1 1 1 This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 size (210X297 mm) A 7 B7 5 2. Description of the invention (U) Between the plate-shaped cover 30, the test can be stopped safely immediately. „Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Although the material testing machine according to the second type of the invention has the above-mentioned examples explained in the illustrations As for holding the Huan, other changes using this special Huan can also be included in the scope of the second form of the present invention. The difference is that the second form of the present invention is characterized by a space portion formed in the cross head. This space portion may be It has a moderate size between the size of the wide boundary space and the size of the slit. For example, each space is shaped like a triangle, and a slit can be used as its bottom edge. In addition, in Figure 5, the locking member, For example, the locking device is configured so that the plate-shaped cover is displaced in response to abnormal movement of the crosshead 3. However, in this example, the shape of the locking member is not limited to the shape of the plate as illustrated in the figure. For example, The function of the locking member can be given to the fixing screw of the locking device. In addition, the detection device for detecting the movement of the plate-shaped cover is not limited to the optical detection device in the embodiment described in the description Or a micro switch. For example, the detection device can be formed as an opening mechanism, in which the drive circuit (consisting of an electronic circuit) of the test machine is opened / closed in response to the displacement of the plate-shaped cover. In addition, also in this example, the locking member is The configuration is as described in the embodiment, the locking member may be fixed, which is attached in a way so that the attachment position of the locking member is changeable in the illustrated embodiment. Even in the example where the attachment position of the locking member can be changed In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of holes may be provided instead of the slits provided in the plate-shaped cover of the illustrated embodiment. In addition, the illustrated embodiment shows an example of a vertically provided post to move the crosshead 3 up and down. However, of course, the present invention also It can be applied to the testing machine of horizontally arranged column. In addition, the invention can be applied not only to the tensile strength testing machine, but also to 1-5-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) ) Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (l4) Used for compressive strength testing machines. In addition, the invention can be applied to An example of a column provided vertically on the machine. In addition, it is best to use a metal material or a synthetic resin material to form a plate-shaped cover from the viewpoint of strength, but the plate-shaped cover can also be formed from a paper material or a rubber material. The resin material may be provided as a transparent material so that the inside thereof can be observed. The second form of the present invention includes all of these changes. Among the material testing machines according to the first form of the present invention, as described above, the conventional material testing machine is known. The problem of folding leather has been solved. That is, the cover provided with the protection screw has sufficient strength so that the cover will not deform even when a hand or a test operation tool accidentally intrudes or is inserted into the cover. There is no danger when the tool contacts the screw rod. There is no problem of folding the folding skin in the conventional material testing machine. In addition, because there is no folding skin that is used to cause the cross head to move up and down, the cross head can The machine and the yoke move up and down, so that the effective travel of the crosshead can be larger than those who are familiar with examples. In addition, according to the second type of material testing machine of the present invention, the plate-shaped cover is formed to be displaceable in addition to the characteristics of the first type of the invention, and the driving of the testing machine can reflect the detection of the displacement of the plate-shaped cover. It was stopped because of this, limiting the amount of crosshead movement. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the configuration according to the first form of the present invention, the configuration according to the second form of the present invention has an abnormal situation that occurs when a foreign object is interposed between the plate-shaped cover and the cross head. The benefits of safety and prevention of breakage of the test machine can be obtained by stopping the drive of the test machine. -1 6-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) 8-4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)