TW398092B - Battery cathode - Google Patents

Abstract

A cathode (12) that includes manganese dioxide and relatively small particles of nonsynthetic, nonexpanded graphite is disclosed. The graphite particles can have an average particle size of less than 20 microns. The cathode (12) can be used in an electrochemical cell, such as a battery (10).

Description

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economics This invention relates to batteries; batteries such as alkaline batteries are commonly used as energy sources. Generally speaking, alkaline batteries have a cathode, an electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The cathode is typically composed of manganese dioxide, carbon particles and a binder. The anode is formed of a gel including zinc particles. Is the separator usually placed between the cathode and anode? The electrolyte dispersed throughout the battery can be a hydroxide solution:

The present invention relates to batteries such as alkaline batteries which have a cathode which includes manganese dioxide and relatively small non-synthesized, unexpanded graphite particles. These batteries have good performance characteristics. For example, the battery has a high energy output at a high discharge rate. For example, the discharge rate is equal to the capacity of the battery (in amp-hours) at least discharged within 1 hour. · Batteries have a variety of industry standard sizes such as AA 丨 AAA, AAAA, .C or D. "Non-synthetic graphite particles" means that the particles are prepared using the industrial or laboratory graphitization process. "Unexpanded graphite particles" means graphite particles that have not been prepared by industrial or laboratory particle expansion processes. In aspect ', the present invention relates to a cathode comprising a bell dioxide and non-synthesized, unstitched graphite particles having an average particle size of less than about 200 m. -Particle size is measured by a HELIOS analyzer. For a specific graphite particle sample, the average particle size is the particle size with a smaller particle size at half the volume of the sample. In another aspect, the present invention is characterized in that an electrochemical cell includes a cathode'-anode and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode. The cathode includes graphite particles swollen by non-composite filaments with an average diameter of less than about Congmi.

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Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (3) " ~ Chejia battery is an alkaline battery which contains a relatively small non-synthetic unexpanded graphite particle made of manganese dioxide A cathode composed of a selective binder and a reference material is shown with reference to the drawings. A battery 10 has a cathode 12, an anode 14, a spacer 16. ", and an outer wall 18 which contacts the outer diameter of the cathode 12 and the insulation layer%. 10 steps-includes an anode collector 20. It can enter the anode 14 through the seal 22. The upper end of the anode collector 20 is connected to the negative end cap 24, which serves as the negative external terminal of the battery 10. The layer 26 also Can be made of non-conductive materials such as heat-shrinkable plastic. In addition, the electrolyte is dispersed throughout the battery 10 °. If the graphite particles placed on the cathode 12 are too large, the conductivity of the cathode 12 is not low enough. But if the graphite particles are too small, the cathode 12 Compared with dense i, the amount of electrolyte and cathode 12 is reduced: the efficiency of battery 10 is reduced? Therefore, the graphite particles of cathode 12 preferably have an average particle size of at most 20 microns, more preferably about 2 microns to about 12 microns, and most preferably about 5 microns. Micron to about 9 microns For example, if you use a Sympatee heli0s analyzer to measure? Some specific factory orders, graphite particles are used to measure unswelled non-synthetic graphite particles with an average particle size of about 7 microns. Graphite particles are obtained, for example, from Brazilian Nadal

Grafite (Itapecirica, MG Brazil). / The amount of graphite particles inside the cathode 12 needs to be sufficient to improve the total V rate of the cathode 12 and at the same time minimize the impact on the energy of the battery 10, preferably the cathode 12 is about 4 wt% to about 10 wt% graphite particles, More preferred is about 5 to about 9 weight percent graphite particles and most preferred is 6 to about 8 weight percent graphite particles. The range of these weight percentages corresponds to the time when the electrolyte is not dispersed at the cathode 12. The paper size is suitable for household standards (CNS) A4 (210X297 male sauce) ~--(〇)-

I A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (4) The cathode 12 can be a single material pellet. In addition, the cathode 12 can be composed of multiple cathode pellets stacked on top of each other? In either case, cathode pellets can be manufactured by first mixing manganese dioxide, graphite particles, and a selective binder. As for a specific example in which more than one pellet is used: the mixture is compressed to form pellets. 1. The pellets are fitted into the interior of the battery 10 using a standard method. For example, in a method, a central rod is placed in the central cavity of the battery 10: then the topmost pellet is pressurized with a punch: when using this method The interior of the wall 18 may have one or more upright ridges, the ridges being spaced from each other around the circumference of the wall 18. These ridges assist in maintaining the positioning of the cathode 12 within the battery 10. 'In the specific example where the cathode 12 is made of a single pellet, the powder can be placed directly inside the battery 10. The clamping ring is set to position • The pin is squeezed through the ring to make the powder dense and form the cathode 12 ,. In some specific examples, a layer of conductive material may be disposed between the wall 18 and the cathode 12. This layer can be provided along the inner surface of the wall 丨 8: along the outer peripheral surface of the cathode 12 or both. A typical conductive layer is made of carbonaceous material. These materials include LB 丨 00 (Timcai), ECCOCat 257 (wR Grace & Co.), Electrodag 10 (Acheson Industries, Inc.), and Ichip U2 ( Acheson) and EB005 (Acheson). The application method of the conductive layer is disclosed in, for example, Canadian Patent No. i, 263,697, and is described herein for reference. The use of a conductive layer, in particular Itech 109 or EB005, between the wall 18 and the cathode 12 can reduce the pressure used when forming the cathode 12 inside the battery 10. In this way, when the cathode 12 is formed inside the battery 10: the porosity of the cathode 12 can become quite large without causing the pellets to be crushed or cracked. However, if the porosity of the cathode i 2 is too low, it is dispersed in the cathode 12 Insufficient amount of electrolyte, causing the paper size of this paper to be suitable for Guancai County (CNS) A4 specifications (21Gx297)-(Please read the precautions on the back first to write this page)-Ordering line • m 11 m · Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Central Standards Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperative A7 __ B7_ V. Description of the Invention (5), 10 Reduced efficiency * In some specific examples, the porosity of the cathode 12 is from about 21/0 to about 28%, and more preferably from about 25% to about 27% and preferably about 26%. Inside the cathode 12, any form of manganese dioxide conventionally used in batteries can be used. Distributors of silicon dioxide include Kerr McGee, Co., Broken Hill Proprietary * Chem Metals, Co. > Tosoh · Delta · Manganese 'Mitsui Chemical Co., Ltd. and JMC. In some specific examples, the manganese dioxide content of the cathode 12 is about 8.9 g to about 9.8 g. In these specific examples, The cathode 12 preferably contains about 93 grams to about 9.8 grams of manganese dioxide, and more preferably about 9.4 grams About 9.65 grams of manganese dioxide, and most preferably about 9 45 grams to about 9.6 grams of manganese dioxide. Other specific examples of the cathode 12 preferably include about 4 grams to about 3-4 grams of manganese dioxide, and more preferably about 4.05 grams to About 4.25 grams of manganese dioxide and preferably about 41 grams to about 4.2 grams of manganese dioxide. In some specific examples, the cathode 12 also contains a binder. Examples of the binder of the cathode 12 include polyethylene powder polypropylene amide Class: Portland cement and fluorocarbon resins such as PVDF and PTFE 'In some specific examples, the cathode 2 includes a polyethylene binder sold under the trade name coathylene HA-1681 (Hoescht)? When the cathode When 12 includes a binder, the binder preferably accounts for less than about 1% by weight of the cathode 12, more preferably accounts for about 0.005 to about 0.05% by weight of the cathode 12, and most preferably accounts for about 0.3% by weight of the cathode 12. The weight percentage corresponds to when the electrolyte is not dispersed in the cathode 12. The cathode 12 includes other additives. Examples of additives are disclosed in US Patent 5,342,712, and are described herein for reference: In some specific examples, the cathode u preferably includes about 0.2 To about 2% by weight titanium dioxide and more preferably about 08% dioxide This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 male shame)-installed-(Read the first note and read the back notes ^: write this page),-° \ / • ........ 1-. V. Description of the Invention (6 Titanium, the anode 14 may be any of the standard phrases used for battery anodes # ㈣ &. Pole 14 is made of zinc gel, which includes zinc metal particles, coagulant, and small amount of additives such as gas generation inhibitors. If the porosity of the anode 14 is too high: the internal zinc content of the battery 10 will decrease, thereby reducing the energy capacity of the battery 10. However, if the porosity of the anode 14 is too low, the amount of electrolyte dispersed in the anode U is insufficient. Therefore, in some specific examples, the anode 14 preferably contains about 2 grams to about 1 gram of zinc particles per cubic centimeter of the anode volume. The anode volume is about 21 cubic centimeters to about 2. cubic zinc particles and preferably about 2.15 grams to about 2.3 grams of zinc particles per cubic centimeter of anode volume. In a specific example, the anode 14 preferably contains about 37 grams to about 425 grams of particles, more preferably about 3.8 to about 4.15 grams of zinc particles, and most preferably about 3.9 grams to about 4.05 grams of zinc particles. In specific examples, the anodes 1-4 preferably contain about 15 grams to about 19 grams of zinc particles, more preferably about 55 to about 0.05 grams of zinc particles, and most preferably about 165 grams to about 1.75 grams of zinc particles. In the right dry specific example, the anode 14 preferably contains about 64% to about %% by weight zinc particles, 'more preferably about 66% to about 74% by weight zinc particles T and most preferably about 68% to about 72% by weight These weight percentages of zinc particles correspond to the percentage when the electrolyte is dispersed in the anode 14. Useful gelling agents for the anode 14 include polyacrylics, grafted starch materials, 'polyacrylic acids', polyacrylic acid salts, retarded methyl cellulose, or combinations thereof. Examples of polyacrylic acid include CarboPoll (94) (BF Goodrich) and '" This paper is suitable for use with Chinese national standards, invention description (7) Poligel 4P (3V) An example of a starch material that is grafted is Waterlock A22l (Fruit Processing Company, Iowa: Muscatine). An example of a polyacrylate is CL15 (Union Colloid Corporation). In the specific example, the anode 14 preferably includes about 0.2 to about 1% by weight total gelling agent, more preferably about 0.4 to about 0-7% by weight total gelling agent. Agent and optimally about 0.5 to about 0.6% by weight of total gelling agent. This reset percentage corresponds to the percentage when the electrolyte is dispersed in the anode 14. Gas generation inhibitors can be inorganic materials such as bismuth, tin, lead and Indium * In addition, gas generation inhibitors can be organic compounds such as phosphates, ionic surfactants or non-ionic surfactants: Examples of ionic surfactants are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent 4,777,100, and are described herein with reference to for reference. The spacer 16 may have any conventional design for battery spacers. In some specific examples, the spacer 16 is composed of two layers of non-woven non-film material and one layer is disposed along the surface of the other layer. In these specific examples, the separator preferably does not contain a film layer or an adhesive between the non-woven and non-film layers. 16 "volume of cut and separator paper is provided with battery at the same time. The basis weight of each layer of non-woven non-return material is about 54 g / m2, the thickness is about 5.4 mils when dry, and about 10 mils when wet Ear. — In the specific example, the non-woven non-membrane material is the parent material of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, cellulose fiber and PVA binder. · Non-woven non-membrane material usually does not contain fillers such as inorganic particles. Other specific examples In the 'separator 16 includes-a layer of celophan (cenophar outer layer and-layer of non-woven material. The spacer 16 also includes another layer of non-woven material. The Luofang layer can be a field transfer cathode 12 or an anode ... The woven layer contains about 24% by weight and about 18 to about 22% by weight of spirulin and trace amounts of interfacial activity A7 --------- B7 V. Description of the invention (8)-^-Agent *. These non-woven materials are available from PDM under the trade name PA36. The electrolyte dispersed throughout battery 10 can be any electrolyte commonly used in batteries. A typical electrolyte is an aqueous hydroxide solution. The aqueous hydroxide solution includes, for example, hydroxide Potassium solution and gas-oxidized steel solution '. In some specific examples, the electrolyte is gaseous oxygen containing about 33 to about 38% by weight of hydroxide. In some embodiments, the battery 10 preferably contains about 34 to about 39 grams of electrolyte, more preferably about 3.45 to about 3.65 grams of electrolyte, and most preferably about 35 to about 36 grams of electrolyte. In other specific examples, the battery 10 preferably includes about 16 to about 19 grams of electrolytic solution, more preferably about 1.65 to about 1.85 grams of electrolytic solution, and most preferably about 17 to about ^ grams of electrolytic solution. The weight ratio is about 2 2 to about 2.9} The weight ratio of zinc particles to the electrolytic solution is about 0.9 to about 125 'In some specific examples, the weight ratio of manganese dioxide to the electrolytic solution is about 25 to about 29, zinc The weight ratio of particles to the electrolyte is about 1.1 to about 25. In other specific examples, the weight ratio of manganese dioxide to the electrolyte is about 2.5 to about 2.65. The weight ratio of zinc particles to the electrolyte is about 0.9 to about 1.2. These weight ratios are based on the electrolyte content dispersed throughout the anode, cathode, and separator. The battery can be ΑΑ or ΑΑΑ battery, which is based on cc optical test, 1 watt continuous test, half watt continuous test, pulse test Good results were verified during half-watt rin test and / or quarter-watt rm test. These tests are explained later. The battery 10 may be an AA battery having good performance according to the cc optical test (described later in detail). For example, when discharged to volts according to the cc optical test, the aa battery may emit at least about 150 pulses, at least about 175 pulses, at least Approx. 185 pulses

This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297mm) _ Q Pack-(Please read the notes on the back first ^^: Write this page) Order printed by the Central Consumers Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Description of the invention (9 A7 B7 printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs or at least about 200 pulses. When discharged to 0.8 volts according to the cc optical test, the AA battery can emit at least about 35 pulses, at least about 375 Pulse: at least about 385 pulses or at least about 400 pulses. Battery 10 can be an AA battery with excellent performance according to 1 watt continuous test (described later)? For example, when discharged to 1 volt according to 1 watt continuous test, aa The battery can provide at least about 0.6 hours, at least about 0.65 hours, at least about 0.7 hours, or at least about 0.75 hours. When discharged to 0.8 volts according to a continuous test of i watts, .AA batteries can provide at least About 095 hours, · at least about 1 hour, at least about 1.05 hours, or at least about 1.1 hours. T Battery 10 can be an AA battery with excellent performance according to the pulse test (described later in detail): for example, when When discharged to 1 volt according to the pulse test, AA batteries can provide at least about 1.6 hours: at least about 175 hours: at least about 2 hours or at least about 2.15 hours. When discharged to 0.8 volts according to the pulse test, AA batteries can provide at least about 2.75 hours, at least about 3 hours , At least about 3.25 hours or at least about 3.3 hours .. Battery 10 may be an AA battery with excellent performance according to the half-watt rm test (described later). For example, when discharged to hl volts according to the half-watt rm test, aa batteries Can provide at least about 1.5 hours, at least about 2 hours, at least about 25 hours, or at least about 2.65 hours'. When discharged to 0.99 volts according to a half-watt rm test, AA batteries can provide at least about 2.9 hours, at least About 3 hours, at least about 3 25 hours or at least about 3.4 hours. The battery 10 may be an AAA battery with excellent performance according to a half-watt continuous test (described later in detail). For example, when the battery is discharged to a voltage according to a half-watt continuous test , The AA battery can provide at least about 0 65 hours: at least about 07 hours, at least

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12-Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 ^-~~ * ~~ __ Β7 V. Description of the invention (10) '' -----, 75], hour or at least about 0.8 hour. * When discharged according to a half-watt continuous test, a voltaic battery can provide at least about 09 hours, at least about 0% J, when ‘’ at least about 1 hour or at least about 1.05 hours. The battery 10 can be an A battery with excellent performance according to the pulse test (described later in detail). For example, when discharged to 1 volt according to the pulse test, AAA battery = provided to J for about 0.35 hours, at least about 0.4 Hours, at least about 045 hours or up to about 0.5 hours. ‘When discharged to 0.9 volts according to a pulse test, the AAA battery can provide at least about 0.6 hours: at least about 07 hours, at least about 075 hours, or at least about 0.8 hours. Can the battery 10 be an AAA battery with excellent performance according to the half-watt r m test (detailed later)? For example, when the battery is discharged to 0.1 V according to the half-watt claw test: the battery can provide at least about 0_4 hours, at least about 045 hours, at least about 05 hours, or at least about 0.55 hours. When discharged to 0.9 volts according to the half-watt rm test: AAA batteries can provide at least about 0.9 hours, at least about 0% hours, at least about 1 hour, or at least about 1 hour Battery 10 can be based on a quarter An Erm test (detailed later) AAA battery with excellent performance. For example, when discharging to a quarter-watt rm test to 1.1 volts? AAA batteries can provide at least about 2 hours; at least about 2 "hours''at least about 2.2 hours or at least about 23 hours. AAA batteries can provide at least about 3 ·! Hours., At least about 3-25 hours, · at least about 3.4 hours or at least about 35 hours when discharged to 0.9 volts according to a quarter Erm test. Example I ': AA battery was prepared with the following components: the cathode includes about 9-487 grams of kerosene dioxide (Kerr-McGee, Co.), about 0.806 grams of non-synthetic, unexpanded graphite. Specification f 210X297). ~~-(Please read the precautions on the back first \ ^! §Write this page) • Binding. Ordering and Invention Description (η) Has an average particle size of about 7 microns (Brazilian NaeiGnai) And about 0.3% by weight of Coxillin HA_1681. The anode includes approximately 3,976 grams of particles, approximately 50 ppm of zinc-based surfactant_5] 〇, Rh_ puiuien and about 0.5% by weight of the total gelling agent (Carbobo and 仏 ... cathode pores The anode has a porosity of about 2.173 grams of zinc per cubic centimeter. The anode second separator has a two-layer structure. Each layer is made of a non-woven material that includes about 57% by weight of PVA (in 6 mm is about 0.05 denier), about 3 g by weight of snail fiber (about 6 mm! · 5 denier) and about 3% by weight of pva binder. The thickness of each layer is about 5_4 mils and wet Is about 10 mils? The basis weight of each layer is about 54 g / m 2? The separator does not contain a binder and each layer is substantially free of filler. The battery also includes about 3.598 grams of potassium hydroxide (about 35.5% by weight potassium hydroxide). ) Aqueous solution: EB005 (Aches〇n) thin film coating is placed between the outer wall of the battery and the outer periphery of the cathode .. AA batteries are stored at about 20.rc to about 22 · Γς: temperature calendar for 5 days. AA batteries are based on the following procedures Storage. _ ·· 'Each battery is visually inspected for leaks or material damage and marked to make the entire test plan Hold the battery. The battery is oriented to the side of the holding tray so the batteries do not make physical contact with each other. The holding tray is made of heat-resistant and electrolyte-resistant. The tray is stored under ambient conditions and then placed in a preheated The f tray in the chamber is placed at least about 5 cm (2 inches) between the wall of the chamber and above or below the trays. The test sequence shown in the table below is repeated for 14 days, 24 hours. A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) Table 1 Cycle numbering time (hours) Temperature (± 2 ° C) — 1 6.0 from 28 to 25 2 4.5 from 25 to 34 3 2.0 from 34 to 43 4 1.0 from 43 to 48 5 1.0 from 48 to 55 " 6 1.0 from 55 to 48 7 1.0 from 48 to 43 8 3.0 from 43 to 32 9 4.5 / 24.0 (1) from 32 to 28

(Please read the precautions on the back V-mounting-W write this page first) The tray is removed from the chamber. Visually check the battery for leaks or material damage. The following tests were then performed on each AA battery. Each test is performed at a temperature of about 20.1 ° C to about 22.1 ° C. The AA battery is discharged at an open circuit voltage of about 1.6 volts under constant and constant current conditions of L0-seconds per minute. After 1 hour per day (cc optical test), AA batteries reach 1 volt after 203 pulses, and AA batteries undergo 443 pulses. After reaching 0.8 volts. A A battery is continuously discharged at an open circuit voltage of about 1.6 volts at 1 watt (1 watt continuous test). The .AA battery reached 1 volt after about 0.75 hours; and 0.8 volts after about 1,000 hours. The AA battery is continuously discharged with an open circuit voltage of about 1.6 volts (pulse test) alternately between 1 watt (3 second pulse) and 0.1 watt (7 second pulse): AA battery reaches 1 volt 'and about 3.72 after about 2.16 hours After 0.8 hours, it reached 0.8 volts. The AA battery was discharged at an open circuit voltage of about 1.6 volts at 0.5 watts for 15 minutes per hour (half watt rm test). , About 1.87 hours after the AA battery reaches 1 volt, and contract 8 printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economics-5 printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economics A7 ---___ B7 V. Description of the invention (13) < 0.9 volts after 3-34 hours. > ijmi Preparation of AAA battery '. The cathode 12 includes approximately 4.155 grams of manganese dioxide (Kerr McGee, Co.) '... approximately 0.353 grams of non-synthesized, unexpanded graphite having an average particle size of approximately 7 microns (Brazilian Nacional de Grafite) and approximately 0.3 weight % Cocillin HA-1681 Anode 14 includes approximately 1.668 grams of zinc particles and approximately 0.05% by weight of total gelling agent (Carbobo 940 and A221): cathode porosity is approximately 26.0 / 〇, anode porosity is approximately 2.266 grams Zn / cm3 anode 14. The separator consists of two layers of non-woven material. 'Separator is a two-layer structure, each layer is made of non-woven material and includes about 57% by weight of 乂 eight binder (about 0.5 denier at 6 mm) about 30 reset ° / 0 cellulose fibers ( At 6 mm is about 1.5 denier) and about 13 weight. / ^ 乂 八 Binding agent. The thickness of each layer is about 5.4 mm when dry and about 0 mm when wet. The basis weight of each floor is about 54 g / m2. The separator is free of binders, and each layer is substantially free of fillers. The battery also includes about .72 g of potassium hydroxide (about 35.5% by weight) in water. ΕΒ005 film coating,: f is placed between the outer wall of the battery and the outer periphery of the cathode. AAA batteries are stored as described in Example 1. Each aaa battery was discharged from an open circuit voltage of about 16 volts. The test was performed in the temperature range described in the example. AAA batteries are continuously discharged in half watts with an open circuit voltage of about 1 to 6 volts ("half watt continuous test"). AAA batteries reach 1 volt in about 0.76 hours and 0.8 volts in about 0.96 hours. Using the pulse test, it takes about 0.55 hours for the AAA battery to reach 1 volt. And about 0.84 hours to reach 0.8 volt. Use half-watt rm test '· AAA battery takes about 0.57 hours to reach 1 volt. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) 16 (Please read the precautions on the back first to write this page). · Order A7 B7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (14), and reach 0.8 volts in about 1.08 hours? AAA batteries are discharged at 0.25 watts with an open circuit voltage of about 1.6 volts for 15 minutes per hour ("Quarter Watt rm test"). AAA batteries reach 1.1 volts after about 2.4 hours and 0.9 volts after about 3.65 hours:

Example III AA batteries were prepared with the following components. The cathode includes about 9.11 grams of manganese dioxide (Delta: Tosoh 40:60 weight mixture). About 0.810 grams of non-synthetic unexpanded graphite has an average particle size of about 7 microns (Brazilian Nacional de Grafite) and about 0.8 weight % Titanium Dioxide (Kronos). The anode includes approximately 3.89 grams of zinc particles, approximately 0.88% by weight total gelling agent (3V and CL 15) and approximately 50 ppm surfactant (RM510, Rhone Poulence): the cathode porosity is approximately 23%. The anode is about 2.173 grams of zinc per cubic centimeter. Insulation paper consists of a layer of non-woven material (PA36 A, PDM), a layer of PA36C, and a layer of xylofan (thickness 1 mil). , Selofang is adjacent to the cathode, and non-woven PA36A layer is adjacent to the anode. The battery also contains about 3.62¾ potassium hydroxide (about 35.5% by weight potassium hydroxide) in water. EB005 (Acheson) thin coating is provided between the outer wall of the battery and the outer periphery of the cathode. The AA battery was stored at a temperature of about 20.1 to about 22 ° j. For about 5 days according to Example 1. Then perform the following tests on each aa battery? Each test is performed at a temperature of about 20.TC to about 22.rc. AA batteries are discharged according to the cc optical test. The aa battery reaches 1 volt after 180 pulses, and 0.8 volt after 347 pulses. A A battery is discharged according to 1 watt continuous test. .a a battery reached 1 volt after about 0.57 hours and 0.8 volt after about 0.80 hours. This paper is suitable for financial and family care standards (CNS), 8 and 4 threats (210X297). 17 (Please read the precautions on the reverse side before writing this page) Binding. Order A7 B7 39803 ^ ~~ ___ ____ 5. Description of the invention ( 15) The AA battery is continuously discharged from the open circuit voltage according to the pulse test. The AA battery reached 1 volt in about 1.76 hours and 0.8 volt in about 3.11 hours. AA batteries are discharged according to the half-watt rm test ^ AA batteries reach 1 volt after about 1.66 hours and 0.9 volts after about 3.05 hours. Other specific examples are covered by the scope of patent application. Comparison of component numbers 10… Battery 12… Cathode, 14… Anode '16… Separator 18… Outer wall 20… Anode collector 22 ··· Seal 24 · * 1 End cap 26 ··· Insulation. (Please read the back first Precautions written on this page)

This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X2.97 mm) 18

Claims (1)

Α · An electrochemical cell, comprising: a cathode; an anode; and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode includes-oxidized fibrous; and non-synthetic and unexpanded graphite The particles have an average particle size of less than about 20 microns. 2. The electrochemical cell as claimed in the patent No. W, wherein the non-synthesized unexpanded graphite particles have an average particle diameter of about 2 μm to about Η μm 3. The electrochemical cell as described in item 1 of the scope of the applied patent The non-synthesized unexpanded graphite particles have an average particle size from about 5 microns to about 9 microns. ^ • The electrochemical cell according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the cathode contains at most about 100% non-synthesized unsynthesized Expanded graphite particles. 5 · If the scope of patent application is the first! The electrochemical cell is an experimental battery. 6. If the oldest electrochemical cell in the scope of the patent application, the electrochemical cell is selected from the group consisting of AA batteries, AAA batteries, AAAA batteries, .c Battery and D battery. 7. The electrochemical cell according to item 丨 of the application, wherein the separator comprises a non-woven non-membrane material and a second non-woven non-membrane holding material arranged along the first material table 398092 Application% patent scope ν ° 8 · The electrochemical cell according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the cathode has a porosity of about 21% to about 28%. , 9 · If the scope of patent application is the first! The electrochemical cell of item 4, wherein the anode comprises zinc particles and the porosity of the anode is from about 2 grams of zinc particles to about 2.45 grams of zinc particles per cubic centimeter of anode volume. 1 · If you apply for an electrochemical cell under item i of the patent scope? It further includes an electrolyte solution, wherein the weight ratio of manganese oxide to the electrolyte solution is from about 22 to about 2.90, 11. According to the electrochemical cell of the scope of application for patent application item 1, further comprising a solution: wherein the The anode contains zinc particles and the amount ratio of zinc particles to the electrolyte is from about 0.9 to about 1.25. 12 · —a cathode comprising: monoxide; and .. W non-synthetic and unexpanded graphite particles, having an average particle size of less than about 20 microns 13. A cathode as claimed in claim 12 Wherein the non-synthetic and unexpanded graphite particles have an average particle diameter of about 2 microns to about 12 microns. For example, the cathode of claim 12, wherein the non-synthetic and unexpanded graphite particles have an average particle diameter of about 5 to about 9 microns. 15. The cathode of claim 12, wherein the cathode contains up to 10% by weight of non-synthesized and unexpanded graphite particles. 16. The cathode according to item 12 of the patent application scope, wherein the cathode has a pore electric weight: 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 1 leftover equipment 丨! (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). II-i ϋ · 20-398092 A8 B8 C8 D8 The scope of patent application for printing by employees' consumer cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ranges from approximately 21% to approximately 28% , I This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 21