A7 ___B7 , 五、發明説明（1 ) 〔發明所屬之技術領域〕 本發明係關於一種在地下構造物有大量之漏水發生時 ’爲了要止水而倂用凍結工法之止水工法，以及使用該方 法之止水裝置。 〔以往之技術〕 以往’在隧道’地下坑道及地下室等之混凝土地下構 造物中，因構造物外部之地下水爲經過混凝土壁之龜裂， 混凝土工程之瑕疵及混凝土構造物之接頭等而漏出於地下 坑道內及地下室內等之情形較多，因此有影響到土木工程 之問題存在，又在構造物完成後之漏水處遠成問題。.. 〔發明所欲解決之課題〕 經濟部中央瞟隼局員工消費合泎江印裝 爲了應付該種漏水的對策，本發明者曾發明如專利第 1832764號及第2777249號之各說明書內所 示之混凝土地下構造物之止水工法，並實施。該等發明之 摘要爲，將經壁內側面開口之貫穿孔而噴出之噴出口之漏 水，先予以堵塞噴水口而暫停之後，將水泥混合液以3〜 5 k g f /平方公分之壓力從噴出口注入貫穿孔內，用壁 外側之地下水之壓力使水泥混合液對漏水部壁外側面壓接 ，形成在壁外面擴開的水泥凝固層來止水爲其特徵。該止 水工法爲對2 0 0公升/分鐘左右之漏水即可有效地止水 ，但超過該漏水量的水從1 0 0 m m以上的大口徑之開口 部噴出的狀態時，難以從開口部抗著噴出水之壓力而注入 -4- (讀先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7 , 五、發明説明（2 ) 水泥混合液。 〔用以解決課題之手段〕 於是’發明者爲，在該等大規模的混凝土壁之漏水時 ’將以往強化地基，遮水等所使用的凍結工法適用於混凝 土壁之止水 '，暫時凍結如上述大規模的漏水，在該期間內 從其他的注入孔注入水泥混合液注入於漏水部壁外側面， 以實行上述之止水。也就是說，第一次處理爲，在混凝土 壁之有漏水之大口徑開口部之週邊，以預定間隔在混凝土 壁上鑽多數貫穿的凍結材注入孔，從該注入孔注入凍結材 來凍結從開口部漏出的湧水或噴出水。 . 其次.，第二次處理爲，凍結開口部之湧水或噴出水之 後，在前述凍結材注入孔之間，貫穿混凝土壁而鑽新的止 水材注入孔，在凍結部融解之前，從止水材注入孔注入止 水材，使壁背面之流水部硬化。於是，開口部之湧水或噴 出水之凍結部分融化時，開口部之背面爲因止水材之硬化 而封閉，消除湧水或噴出水。之後，用混凝土等塡充開口 部之湧水或噴出水之凍結部分融化所形成之凹部，表面處 理混凝土內壁面而完成止水工程。 止水材是以下述之方法實行之。即第一步驟爲，經前 述之貫穿孔對混凝土壁外側之凍結土壤中或水中，以3〜 5 K g f /平方公分之壓力，注入將以比水較濃的水泥混 入率之水泥與水之混合液，用微細的水泥粒子來堵塞混凝 土壁之徵細的龜裂，接著，第二步驟爲，逐漸地增加水泥 (讀先M讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)： ，裝· -訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210 X 2町公釐） -5- 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 A7 __B7____ 五、發明説明（3 ) 混合液之水泥混入率，將水泥混合液經前述注入孔注入一 直到向混凝土壁內側之漏水停止爲止，然後，第三步驟爲 ，向混凝土壁內側面之漏水停止之後，對注入水泥混合液 中混入凝固劑而在漏水部混凝土壁外側設水泥凝固層來完 成開口部周邊之止水。 注入止水材時，使用具有對應注入孔之口徑之變化而 能夠擴徑的部分之調節式注入管或塡料管。也就是說，與 混凝土壁厚略相等長度之空心管之一端，連結有藉由分歧 部而成爲叉形狀之兩支短管，該等之先端部分別設有閥。 叉形狀之短管內之一支係用以注入水泥混合液，另一支係 用以混入凝固劑。空心管之另一端外側，安裝有對應注入 孔之口徑之變化而擴徑之由柔軟性材所成的膨出部，用適 當手段予以膨張以便在壓入注入材時防止注入管脫離注入 孔之同時，互相緊密地嵌合藉以防止注入材從注入孔之內 壁與注入管之間漏出。要從孔拔出注入管時，即縮小該膨 出部而脫離注入孔之內壁，可容易拔出注入管。 本發明之構成爲如上述，因此，當地下構造物發生大 量之漏水時，從該漏水部分之周圍注入凍結材而暫時停止 漏水，配合凍結的部分之融解而注入水泥混合液及凝固液 的關係，可實行有效的止水施工。又，上述止水工法使用 之水泥混合液及凝固液之注入管爲在某些範圍內對不同口 徑之注入孔使用同一徑的注入管來可實行迅速且正確的注 入作業。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210 X297公釐） (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝. 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 〔實施例〕 第1圖及第2圖中顯示本發明之凍結止水工法之槪念 圖。第1圖係從正面看混凝土壁之漏水部位之圖，欲將有 漏水之混凝土壁之大口徑之開口部1予以止水時，第一處 理爲在圍繞開口部1之圓周上，互相以約4 0公分間隔開 多數的孔，形成貫穿混凝土壁而達外部之小口徑孔2。小 口徑孔2之口徑爲3Omm至5Omm。插入注入管3於 小口徑孔2內而固定之後，注入凍結劑。 凍結方法係將液體氮等之冷媒流入注入管內，直接吹 向混凝土壁外之土壤使其短期間凍結，或將氟利昂氣體等 之冷媒予以循環之同時冷卻成爲-2 0〜3 0度C之氯化 鈣溶液用泵經小口徑孔2而送進混凝土壁外部之地基內， 將圍繞開口部1之部分從混凝土壁外部向內部予以凍結。 第2圖之斜線部分係表示凍結後之開口部1及小口徑孔2 。第3圖顯示本發明之凍結止水工法所使用之注入管之一 實施例。注入管3係具有相當於混凝土壁厚度之長度之空 心管4之一端，安裝分歧成爲叉形狀之短管5，5，在各 短管5分別安裝開閉管路之閥6。空心管之分叉部分之內 側形成有其外面刻設螺紋之大徑之螺紋部7，在該部分安 裝其長度略等於螺紋部長度之螺帽8。在空心管4之中央 部分，有嵌合其內徑稍爲大於空心管外徑之軸環9。軸環 9係迴轉分歧部分之螺帽8而可向空心管之軸方向移動自 如。注入管3爲如第4圖所示，有對小口徑孔插入5〜 10公分之長度即可。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） I---------^装-- (#先閔讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) >11 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 A 7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) 空心管4之先端部分，嵌裝具有嵌合於空心管4外面 之中央孔與所需要外徑之橡膠筒1 0。橡膠筒1 0之內端 部係藉由開孔圓板狀之墊片1 1而擋接於軸環9之先端部 之同時，橡膠同1 0之外v而部爲’由螺合於刻設在空心管 之先端部分之螺紋部1 2之螺帽1 3所固定以防止其脫離 空心管。準備數種其外徑爲空心管4之外徑之1 . 5倍至 2倍左右之橡膠筒1 〇。 將選擇其外徑稍爲小於小口徑孔2內徑的橡膠筒1 〇 ，並用螺帽1 3安裝在空心管4之先端部分之注入管3插 入於小口徑孔內。將注入管3插入於小口徑孔內之後，迴 轉露出於孔外側之管之分歧部分內側之螺帽，使軸瓌.向空 心管之軸方向移動，藉由墊片將橡膠筒向軸方向押壓。於 是，橡膠筒1 0爲向軸方向壓迫，其結果向圓周方向膨出 而緊密地接觸於小口徑孔2之內壁面，將注入管穩定地固 定於小口徑孔2內之同時，密'封小口徑孔2與注入管3之 間，停止湧水，噴出水等之同時，防止所注入之凍結劑等 之漏出。 第二次處理爲，凍結開口部1之湧水或噴出水之後， 在凍結劑注入用小口徑孔2之列之間’再鑽貫穿混凝土壁 外側之多數止水材注入用之小口徑孔1 4，在凍結部分融 解之前，從該小口徑孔1 4注入止水材。注入止水材時使 用注入管3，以前述之作業順序固定注入管3於小口徑孔 1 4內之後開始注入止水材。 注入止水材爲，最初用3〜5Kg f/平方公分之壓 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公座） _ 〇 _ I--------裝------、打------β Jil. /—' (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部f夬標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7. _B7____ 五、發明説明（6 ) 力，注入以比水較濃的水泥混入率來.混合水與水泥之水泥 注入液，用微細的水泥粒子來堵塞從混凝土壁外側向內之 龜裂之第1步驟，及將水泥混合液之水泥混入率階段性地 逐漸增加，使水泥混合液經貫穿孔而注入於混凝土壁外側 直到混凝土壁內側之漏水停止爲止之第2步驟，及混凝土 壁內面之漏水停止之後，將凝固劑混入注入水泥混合液中 來在漏水部混凝土壁外側形成水泥凝固層而完成漏水之止 水。第4圖中顯示在混凝土壁外側形成水泥凝固層，漏水 停止之狀態之混凝土壁之剖面。 本發明之構成爲如上述，倂用凍結工法之同時階段性 地實行止水工法的結果，可有效地停止1 0 0 m m以上大 口徑孔之大量漏水。其所使用之機材也是使用以往慣甩之 地基之凍結工法機材，又，止水材之注入管也準備標準的 注入管，只準備數種符合注入用小口徑孔之外徑之由橡膠 筒所成之膨出部即可賓行對使用各種規模之注入孔之凍結 止水施工，經濟而實用。 〔圖式之簡單說明〕 第1圖係顯示本發明之凍結止水工法的槪念圖，從正 面看混凝土壁之漏水部位之第一次處理狀態。 第2圖係顯示從正面看混凝土壁之漏水部位之第二次 處理狀態。 第3圖係顯示本發明之凍結止水工法所使用的注入管 之一實施例之示意圖。. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐) ~ 一— (请先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _棄· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 第4圖係顯示在混凝土壁外側形成水泥凝固層，漏水 停止之狀態之混凝土壁之剖面圖。 〔圖號之說明〕 1 ...開口部 2 ...小口徑孔 3 ...注入管 4 ...空心管 5 ...短管 6…閥· 7 ...螺紋部 8...螺帽 .9…軸環 1 ◦…橡膠筒 1 1…墊片 1 2 ...螺紋部 1 3 ...螺帽 1 4 ...小口徑孔 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） --------^---A------IT------ //iv .. (請克Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -10-A7 ___B7, V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a water-stopping method using a freezing method to stop water when a large amount of water leakage occurs in an underground structure, and the use of the method Method of water stop device. [Previous technology] In the past, in underground concrete structures such as underground tunnels and basements in tunnels, the groundwater outside the structure was cracked through concrete walls, defects in concrete engineering, and joints in concrete structures. There are many situations in underground tunnels and underground chambers, so there are problems affecting civil engineering, and the leakage of water after the completion of the structure is far from a problem. .. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to cope with this kind of leakage, the inventor of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has used the Hejiang River Printing Co., Ltd. to cope with this kind of water leakage countermeasures. The hydraulic engineering method for concrete underground structures shown below is implemented. The abstract of these inventions is that the leakage of the spray outlet that is sprayed through the through hole opened on the inner side of the wall is first blocked and suspended, and then the cement mixture is discharged from the spray outlet at a pressure of 3 to 5 kgf / cm2. It is injected into the through hole, and the pressure of the ground water outside the wall causes the cement mixed liquid to press against the outer side of the wall of the leaking part to form a cement solidified layer that expands outside the wall to stop water. This water stopping method can effectively stop water leakage at about 200 liters / minute, but when the water exceeding the leakage amount is ejected from a large-diameter opening of 100 mm or more, it is difficult to pass through the opening. Injection against the pressure of squirting water -4- (Read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Employees of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ___B7 printed by the consumer cooperative, V. Description of the invention (2) Cement mixture. [Means to solve the problem] Therefore, 'the inventor applied the freezing method used to strengthen the foundation and cover the water to the concrete wall to stop the water when the large-scale concrete wall leaks', and temporarily frozen it In the case of the large-scale water leakage described above, during this period, the cement mixture liquid is injected from other injection holes to the outer surface of the wall of the water leakage portion, so as to implement the above-mentioned water stop. That is, the first treatment is to drill a large number of through-holes of frozen material injection holes on the concrete wall at predetermined intervals around the large-diameter openings of the concrete wall that leak, and inject frozen materials from the injection holes to freeze the frozen material. Gushing or spouting water leaking from the opening. Secondly, the second treatment is to freeze the gushing or spouting water at the opening, and then drill a new water-stopper injection hole through the concrete wall between the frozen material injection holes. Before the frozen portion melts, The water stopper injection hole injects the water stopper to harden the water flowing part on the back of the wall. Then, when the gushing water or the frozen part of the spouted water of the opening part is melted, the back surface of the opening part is closed due to the hardening of the water stop material to eliminate the gushing or spouted water. After that, the concavities formed by the melting of the gushing water in the openings or the frozen part of the spouted water with concrete, etc. are melted, and the inner wall surface of the concrete is treated to complete the water-stopping project. The water stop material is implemented in the following manner. That is, the first step is to inject the cement and water into the frozen soil outside the concrete wall or the water at a pressure of 3 to 5 Kgf / cm2 through the aforementioned through hole. The mixed liquid uses fine cement particles to block the cracks in the concrete wall. Then, the second step is to gradually increase the cement (read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page): This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 X 2 mm) -5- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 __B7____ 5. Description of the invention (3) Cement mixing rate of mixed liquid, The cement mixture is injected through the above-mentioned injection hole until the water leakage to the inside of the concrete wall stops. Then, the third step is to stop the water leakage to the inside surface of the concrete wall, and then mix the coagulant into the injected cement mixture to form the water leakage part. A cement solidified layer is set on the outside of the concrete wall to complete the water stop around the opening. When injecting a water stopper, an adjustable type injection pipe or a material pipe having a portion that can be expanded in accordance with a change in the diameter of the injection hole is used. That is, one end of a hollow tube having a length approximately equal to the thickness of the concrete wall is connected to two short tubes that are formed into a fork shape by a branching portion, and a valve is provided at each of the ends. One branch in the fork-shaped short tube is used to inject the cement mixture, and the other branch is used to mix the coagulant. On the outside of the other end of the hollow tube, a bulged portion made of a flexible material that expands in accordance with the change in the diameter of the injection hole is installed and expanded by appropriate means to prevent the injection tube from escaping from the injection hole when it is pressed into the injection material. At the same time, they are closely fitted to each other to prevent the injection material from leaking from the inner wall of the injection hole and the injection tube. When the injection tube is to be pulled out from the hole, the bulged portion is reduced to be separated from the inner wall of the injection hole, and the injection tube can be easily pulled out. The structure of the present invention is as described above. Therefore, when a large amount of water leaks occur in the substructure, the frozen material is injected from around the leaked part to temporarily stop the leakage. The relationship between the cement mixture and the solidified liquid is injected in accordance with the melting of the frozen part. , Can implement effective water stop construction. In addition, the injection pipe of the cement mixed liquid and the coagulation liquid used in the above-mentioned water stopping method uses a same diameter injection pipe for injection holes of different diameters within a certain range to perform rapid and accurate injection operations. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 X297 mm) (please read the notes on the back before filling out this page). Packing. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) [Embodiment] Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a schematic diagram of the freezing and water stopping method of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a view of a leaking portion of a concrete wall viewed from the front. When the large-diameter opening portion 1 of the leaking concrete wall is to be water-stopped, the first treatment is to surround each other on the circumference of the opening portion 1 with about A number of holes separated by 40 cm form a small-diameter hole 2 that penetrates the concrete wall to the outside. The diameter of the small-diameter hole 2 is 30mm to 50mm. The injection tube 3 is inserted into the small-diameter hole 2 and fixed, and then a refrigerant is injected. The freezing method is to flow the refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen into the injection pipe and directly blow it to the soil outside the concrete wall to freeze it for a short period of time, or to cool the refrigerant such as Freon gas while circulating to -20 to 30 degrees C. The calcium chloride solution is pumped into the foundation outside the concrete wall through the small-diameter hole 2 by a pump, and the part surrounding the opening 1 is frozen from the outside to the inside of the concrete wall. The hatched part in FIG. 2 shows the opening 1 and the small-diameter hole 2 after freezing. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an injection pipe used in the freezing and water stopping method of the present invention. The injection pipe 3 is one end of a hollow pipe 4 having a length corresponding to the thickness of the concrete wall, and short pipes 5 and 5 branching into a fork shape are installed, and valves 6 for opening and closing pipes are respectively installed on the short pipes 5. On the inner side of the bifurcated portion of the hollow tube, a threaded portion 7 with a large diameter of a thread engraved on the outside is formed, and a nut 8 having a length slightly equal to the length of the threaded portion is installed in this portion. In the central portion of the hollow tube 4, a collar 9 is fitted, the inner diameter of which is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow tube. The collar 9 is a nut 8 which rotates at the branching part and can move freely in the axial direction of the hollow tube. As shown in FIG. 4, the injection tube 3 may be inserted into a small-diameter hole by a length of 5 to 10 cm. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) I --------- ^ pack-(#Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) > 11 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A 7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5) The leading end of the hollow tube 4 is embedded with a central hole fitted into the outer surface of the hollow tube 4 and a rubber cylinder with the required outer diameter 1 0 . The inner end of the rubber cylinder 10 is blocked by the opening end of the circular disc-shaped gasket 11 at the same time as the end of the collar 9 while the rubber is the same as the v outside 10 and the part is formed by screwing A nut 13 is provided on the threaded portion 12 of the hollow pipe at the front end portion to prevent it from detaching from the hollow pipe. Several kinds of rubber cylinders 10 having an outer diameter of about 1.5 to 2 times the outer diameter of the hollow tube 4 are prepared. The rubber tube 10 whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the small-diameter hole 2 is selected, and the injection pipe 3 installed at the front end portion of the hollow pipe 4 with a nut 13 is inserted into the small-diameter hole. After inserting the injection tube 3 into the small-diameter hole, turn the nut on the inside of the divergent part of the tube exposed outside the hole to make the shaft 瓌. Move the shaft in the direction of the hollow tube and press the rubber tube in the direction of the shaft with a gasket Pressure. As a result, the rubber tube 10 is pressed in the axial direction, and as a result, it bulges in the circumferential direction and tightly contacts the inner wall surface of the small-diameter hole 2, while the injection tube is stably fixed in the small-diameter hole 2, and is tightly sealed. Between the small-diameter hole 2 and the injection pipe 3, stop the gushing water, spray water and the like, and prevent leakage of the injected refrigerant and the like. The second treatment is to freeze the gushing or spouting water in the opening 1 and then drill the small-diameter holes 1 for the injection of most water-stopping materials that pass through the outside of the concrete wall between the rows of the small-diameter holes 2 for freezing agent injection. 4. Before the frozen part is thawed, inject the water-proof material from the small-diameter hole 14. When the water stopper is injected, the injection pipe 3 is used, and the water stopper is started after the injection pipe 3 is fixed in the small-diameter hole 14 according to the aforementioned operation sequence. The water-stopper is injected into the paper. The original paper size is 3 ~ 5Kg f / cm². The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 seat). _ 〇_ I -------- install --- ---, hit ------ β Jil. /-'(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumers' Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs f 夬 Standard Bureau A7. _B7____ V. Description of Invention (6 ) To inject the cement with a heavier concentration of cement than water. The cement injection solution of mixed water and cement, the first step of plugging the cracks from the outside of the concrete wall inward with fine cement particles, and the cement mixture The cement mixing rate is gradually increased step by step, so that the cement mixture is injected into the outside of the concrete wall through the through hole until the water leakage inside the concrete wall stops, and after the water leakage inside the concrete wall stops, the coagulant is mixed in It is injected into the cement mixture to form a cement solidified layer on the outside of the concrete wall of the leaking part to complete the water-stopping of the leak. Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a concrete wall in a state where a solidified layer of cement is formed on the outside of the concrete wall and water leakage has stopped. The structure of the present invention is as described above. As a result of applying the freezing method while implementing the water stopping method in stages, it can effectively stop a large amount of water leakage of a large aperture of 100 mm or more. The equipment used is also the freezing method of the conventionally used ground foundation, and the injection pipe of the water stop material is also prepared as a standard injection pipe. Only a few kinds of rubber pipes that meet the outer diameter of the small-diameter holes for injection are prepared. The finished bulging section can be used for freezing and water stopping construction using injection holes of various sizes, which is economical and practical. [Brief description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the freezing and water stopping method of the present invention. The first treatment state of the water leakage portion of the concrete wall is seen from the front. Figure 2 shows the second treatment state of the leaking part of the concrete wall as viewed from the front. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of an injection pipe used in the freezing and water stopping method of the present invention. . This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) ~ 1 — (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) _Abandoned · Ordered by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Du printed A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (7) Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete wall in which a solidified layer of cement is formed on the outside of the concrete wall and water leakage is stopped. [Explanation of drawing number] 1 ... opening 2 ... small-diameter hole 3 ... injection tube 4 ... hollow tube 5 ... short tube 6 ... valve · 7 ... threaded portion 8. .Nuts.9 ... Collar 1 ◦ ... Rubber tube 1 1 ... Gasket 1 2 ... Threaded part 1 3 ... Nut 1 4 ... Small diameter hole This paper is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) -------- ^ --- A ------ IT ------ // iv .. (Please read the notes on the back and fill in this Page) -10-