TW311157B - Concrete monocoque building construction - Google Patents

Abstract

A technique for forming an insulated monocoque concrete shell house, in which the house structure is built using foamed plastic interlocking and noninterlocking blocks in a manner similar to that in which a log cabin is built using logs. Once the structure is built, openings can be manually cut with ease into the wall of the structure to accommodate windows and doors. The inner and outer surfaces of the foamed plastic block structure, as well as, part of the foundation adjacent to the walls of the structure are sprayed with concrete forming a concrete monocoque shell house.

Description

I5V A7 B7 printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention The present invention is a technology for manufacturing concrete hard shell houses. It uses foamed plastic interlocking and non-interlocking bricks on concrete. A building structure is formed on the foundation * then * a layer of concrete is sprayed to form a hard shell building structure with a body structure. Building houses in many poor countries is beyond the capabilities of most people. To make housing easier to own in these countries • Low-cost housing construction technology is needed. A variety of lower-cost housing construction technologies have been developed. One technique uses a flexible membrane to support the bracket. Then one or more layers of foam are formed on the flexible film to price it and provide a substrate to support the heavier layers. Then, the foam layer is sprayed with concrete to form a structural shell. The problem with this technique is that it is difficult to perform detailed work. For example, to form an opening for accommodating a window, the window frame structure must be designed and constructed with the opening, and the flexible membrane must be propped up accordingly so as not to obstruct the opening. Another technique uses stackable plastic bricks, much like hollow bricks, hollow with openings at the edges to provide ducts into the hollow center. Once stacked to form a building structure • Bricks are filled with M concrete, which constitutes the main structure of the building. Using this technology is also difficult to carry out detailed engineering. For example, once the bricks are in place, the openings for the windows cannot be formed without rearranging the bricks. In addition, special bricks must be used around the opening to prevent concrete from flowing to the opening when the concrete is filled. Other technologies use bricks to form the substrate structure of the house, on which a male mesh is applied. Then, cement or mortar is sprayed onto the fibrous male net to form a cell structure house. If you want to use this technology to form details, such as windows, the format of the format of the format is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specifications (210X297mm) I i I 1,-^ order (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this Page) 3ii 10 丨 3ii 10 丨 Printed Α7 Β7 by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy V. Description of the invention (2) The mouth must be formed on the base material * and must also be formed on the Touwei website. The common problem of all these technologies is that once the basic structure of the house is completed, it is not easy to modify. For example, it is impossible to redesign and rebuild the basic structure without spending a lot of time to form additional windows. These modifications bring additional costs to the building. Another problem with these technologies is that they do not provide sufficient insulation. If the cost of heating is too high * low-cost housing is undesirable. Therefore, there is a need for a low-cost house-building technology that allows detailed work (for example, cutting away parts and openings) to be easily achieved with little or no increase in house cost. In addition, the technology must include steps to adequately insulate the house to reduce the energy used to heat the house. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a low-cost technique for forming a single insulated concrete rigid hard room. To form a house, form a concrete foundation with a ledge. Ledges span the periphery of the foundation and define the outer planar shape of the house. The outer wall of the house is built on ledges. The structural system of the house is constructed in a similar way to the construction of log cabins using round logs by using foam plastic interlocking and non-interlocking bricks. The walls of the house are constructed with bricks selected from the following: double-locked bricks * single-locked bricks, slab bricks, mixed bricks, double rectangular pin bricks, and pin supporting bricks. Each wall is interlocked with the adjacent wall. The roof is constructed using foamed plastic tiles, and the tiles are interconnected using the groove and tenon method. The roof is constructed from tiles selected from the following: corner edge tiles, triangular tiles, curved rectangular tiles and semi-rectangular tiles, and combinations thereof. As for the interface between the top and the wall, use an interface board selected from the following: interface-1, interface-2, interface-3, interface-4 board. The anchor rod buried in the foundation can also be used in this paper. The standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2 丨 0X 297mm) m-ml —HI— mt * n · — ftn ^ i Is one ^ (please first (Read the notes on the back and fill in this page) A7 B7

3ili5V V. Description of the invention (3) To anchor the interface board and wall tiles to hold the foundation. (Please read the precautions on the back first and then fill out this page.) The door and window openings are easy to be cut by the structure on site. Hydropower hardware pipes are also easily buried in bricks through long slot cuts on the brick outer surface. Then, the inner and / or outer surfaces of the structure made of foamed plastic bricks and the foundation adjacent to the wall of the structure are coated with M concrete to form a single body hard shell structure. Concrete can also be applied with a hand-operated trowel. Concrete contains polymer adhesives to assist adhesion to foamed plastics and foundations; it also contains short fibers to increase the flexural and compressive strength, toughness, fatigue strength and crack resistance of concrete. Once solidified, the concrete becomes a single-body hard-shell housing structure; and the foamed plastic with excellent insulation properties is sandwiched between the concrete • Insulation-a body structure. Brief description of the diagrams Figure 1 Equal angle release single lock brick sister • Including slab bricks, military lock bricks and double lock bricks Tip support brick; Figure 3 isometrically illustrates three cross sections Α, Β and C used to form a single locking brick or a single adhesive brick; Printed by the Ministry of Economy Central Standards Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative Society Figure 4 Kanming interface-1, interface- 2, the end view of the interface-3 * interface-4 board, and the top view of the straight line and corner interface-2 board, interface-4 board; Figure 5 is the isometric view of the inverted V-shaped roof assembly; Figure 6 Isometric view of semi-circular roof assembly; Figure 7_ is a top view and an end view of a concrete foundation with a square ledge; Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of a wall with an anchorage behind the tension; This paper size applies China National Standards (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau employee consumer cooperatives Α7 Β7 V. Description of invention (4) Figure 8B Figure 8B Sectional view of the wall with anchor rod; Figure 9 Isometric view of a square roof constructed on a concrete foundation using a single locking brick group; 10A is a plan view of a part of a single-locked brick interlocking with a semi-double-locked brick or slab brick at the bottom height of the interface between the forming wall and the foundation; FIG. 10B is a full single-locked brick or double at the bottom height of the interface between the forming wall and the foundation Plan view of a part of a single-locked brick interlocking with a locking brick; Figure 1QC is a plan view of a part of a supporting brick that engages with a half-tip brick at the bottom height of the interface between the forming wall and the foundation; The plan view of the partial tip supporting brick with the full height brick at the bottom height; Figure 11 isometric view of the square roof built on the concrete foundation with a single bonded brick group; Figure 12 is the top view of the grooved foundation , And a side view of a double-locked brick and a single-locked brick designed to engage a slotted foundation; Figure 13 is a plan view of a double-locked brick that engages a slotted foundation; Figure 14 is supported by an interface board Isometric view of the double inverted V-shaped top; Figure 15 is an isometric view of two bricks with a B section interlocking with each other. Detailed description of preferred examples of hip joints The present invention is a technology for constructing houses with insulation, low cost, concrete hard shell and single body construction. Using different shapes of foamed plastic bricks, M builds the structure of the house on the concrete foundation in a similar way to the construction of a log house using logs. Once the structure is completed, the inner and outer surfaces of the foamed plastic brick structure and part of the foundation are coated with M concrete to form a concrete hard house. The paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X 297 mm ) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). Pack. Order

3iliSV A7 B7 — -..............- _— V. Description of the invention (5) Ο The wall is typically formed of any one of six different shapes of foamed plastic bricks. For illustration • The six brick shapes are marked as double lock brick 10, slab brick 12, military lock brick U · concrete brick 16, double rectangular tip brick 18, and tip support brick 20 (also known as support brick) 2 picture). The bricks are of equal thickness, for example 2.5 CB. These bricks can be manufactured by using portable compactors. In addition, if necessary, Yi M can cut manually to change the shape and interface with other bricks or foundations. Easy M glue, screw or pin cloth or buckle. In addition, foamed plastic bricks are used as insulation materials. Except the tip support bricks, the height of each brick is equal. The typical height is about 60 cn. The height of the supporting brick is about twice that of other bricks. The bricks vary in length. The length, height or thickness of the brick is not of particular importance for the description of the specific examples of the present invention. Although the brick is continuous, it can be formed by the combination of any one of three discrete forming sections. For description, the three shaped sections are labeled A section 22, B section 24, and C section 30 (Figure 3). The eight section 22 is rectangular. The B section 24 has a horizontally oblique T shape, in which the length of the T-beam bottom 26 is equal to or slightly greater than the thickness of the brick, and the length of the T-beam 28 is equal to the height of the brick. Section 30 of C is a rectangle printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy. Its height is less than the height of the rectangle A, and its length is approximately half of its thickness. From the cross-section, there are B-section cross-section cantilevers from the height direction of each A-section. The longitudinal sleeve lines of all three sections are aligned. The interface between the A and B sections forms an upper groove 32 and a lower groove 34. In this way, the double lock brick has four concave backs, two 8 (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297mm)

The A7 __B7_ printed explanation (,) on the upper and lower parts of the employee consumer cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Development of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is indented. The length of each groove is equal to the length of the foot of the B section, so, as previously discussed • equal to or slightly longer than the thickness of the brick. These grooves can interlock the bricks. Each brick with a B section can be interlocked with another brick with a B section. For example, two double lock bricks can be interlocked with each other. To interlock the bricks, place one block vertically and the other, so the lower groove of the upper brick slides on the foot 26 of the B section of the lower brick. At the same time • The upper two grooves slide on a part of the B section foot of the upper brick. At this time, the two bricks can be interlocked as shown in Picture 15. Brick 12 (Figure 1) is a rectangular brick. It consists only of section A. The single lock brick 14 (Figure 1) includes an A cross section and a B cross section is a cantilevered side of the A cross section in the height direction. In short, the single lock brick is similar to the double lock brick but contains only one B section. The hybrid brick 16 (Figure 2) is composed of three cross sections, one A cross section and the B cross section and C cross section each being cantilevered by two opposite height directions of the A section. All three sections are aligned along the central longitudinal axis. The C section forms a rectangular tip 36 that extends beyond the rectangular A section. The double-rectangular tip brick 18 (Figure 2) includes an A-section and a C-section cantilever from the height side of each A-section. Once again, the longitudinal sleeve lines of all three sections are aligned. The tip support brick 20 (Figure 2) is composed of four-sided B-sections. The foot end of each B section is adjacent to the foot end of another section to form a brick, which is symmetrical about the longitudinal (horizontal) central axis and its vertical midglaze as the axis. The upper end 33 of the brick has another recess, the lower end 35 has a groove, and the center has an opening 37. The opening 37 is shaped to match the rectangular tip (C section) of the mixed brick or double rectangular tip brick. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CN'S) A4 specification (210X 297mm) II Muyi II ^ -order (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 B7 i. Description of the invention (7) Sectional shape. When two supporting bricks are stacked, the lower recess of the upper supporting brick and the upper groove of the lower supporting brick also form a matching pin opening. The tip support bricks are designed to support mixed bricks and double rectangular tip bricks (hereinafter referred to as "tip bricks" rectangular tip (C section). To provide support, one support brick is placed on the vertical tip brick. The tip of the first tip brick 3 6 Insert the groove 33, 35 or opening 37 of the support brick until the A section of the tip brick adjoins the support brick. When this phenomenon occurs, the tip penetrates half of the thickness of the support brick. The tip of the second tip brick starts from the first The opposite side of a tip brick * is inserted into the groove or opening of the support tip brick until the A section of the second tip brick adjoins the support brick * and its tip adjoins the tip of the first tip brick. However, preferably, the wall system is selected from a group consisting of only double-locked bricks, slab bricks, or military-locked bricks, or a group consisting of only mixed bricks, double-rectangular tip bricks, and tip support bricks. Construction. For narrative purposes, the front group of bricks is called a single-locked brick sister, and the rear group is called a single-bonded brick group. In this way, the wall formed by the squat of a M-locked brick group is called a single-locked wall, and M single-bonded brick The wall formed by the bricks of the group is called a single glued wall. Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The interface board (preferably made of foamed plastic) is used to provide a device that is attached to the roof to the wall. The interface board is a special cross-sectional shape, and its length is horizontal The length of the span. The interface board can be used as a roof support and provide water gutters to control the rainwater from flowing down the roof. The interface board can have four preferred cross-sectional shapes, marked as interface-1, 40; interface-2, 42; interface- 3, 44; or Interface-4, 46 (Figure 4). The four interface plates all have a rectangular cross-sectional shape. The Interface-1 plate has a false lower groove 48 and an upper groove 50 aligned with the vertical axis as the sleeve. The upper groove (here, the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297 mm) 10 311 · * ϊ. Α7 Β7 Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy V. The invention description (8) is "Top groove" is designed to engage the roof. The bottom groove (referred to here as the r-wall groove ") is designed to slide over and engage the wall. In addition • The rounded groove 52 on the upper surface serves as a gutter Along the length of the interface board, the top groove forms a top groove 54, the wall groove forms a wall groove 55, and the eaves The groove forms an eaves 56. The interface-2 plate has the same cross-section as the interface-1 plate and contains a smaller groove 58 on its upper surface • opposite the gutter groove on the other side of the top groove. This small groove (referred to here as the "lamp groove") is designed as a lamp groove 60 to accommodate a light source of an electric lamp, such as a * fluorescent light bulb. The interface-3 board and the interface-4 board are used for two roof sections. The interface with a single wall surface. The interface-3 plate has a rectangular cross section, and there are two top recesses 50. The vertical sleeve of the center of the K brick on the upper surface is axisymmetric. The vertical axis of the center of the upper surface of the K center is the axis. Groove groove. On the lower surface *, the vertical axis of the center is the wall groove 48. The interface-4 plate has a cross section similar to the interface-3 plate, and there are two lamp grooves 58 each located in the top concave One side of the groove is adjacent to the brick edge. In an alternative specific example, the interface board does not contain gutter grooves or gutters. For narration * The interface board used along the length of the wall is called a linear interface board 62,162. To accommodate the corner (wall crossing), the interface plate may have any of the aforementioned cross-sections on the grooves formed along at least three adjacent edges along its length and along its width. These interface boards are called corner interface boards 64,164. The roof profile is preferably one of two shapes: inverted V-shaped 70 (figure 5) or semi-cylindrical 72 (picture 6). The inverted V-shaped top is formed by a rectangular tile 74 having an angled edge 76. Each angled edge has a tenon 78 or a bead 80, and the tenon of one tile edge can be connected to the other tile edge to form an inverted V shape. The semi-crown-shaped roof is formed by a curved rectangular tile with a slot 84 along one of its longitudinal edges and the Chinese national standard (CN'S) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) II n II n I | I 1 order (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) 11 A7 B7 printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs --------; ---- V. Description of the invention (9) The tenon 86 on the other edge, therefore, the tenon of one tile can be engaged with the other and the multiple curved tiles can be joined to form a semi-cylindrical roof 72. In an alternative embodiment, the * semi-cylindrical top may be formed by a single semi-cylindrical block. In another specific example, the roof may be a quarter circle instead of a semicircle. To close the end of the inverted V-shaped top, a triangular tile 88 (Figure 5) can be used. In a similar manner, the semi-circular tile 90 (Figure 6) can be used to close the top end of the semi-crown shape. A quarter round tile can be used to close the quarter dome end. If you want to use foamed plastic bricks to build a house structure, form a foundation 92 * The foundation has a horizontal strip 94 near its periphery (Figure 7). In other words, the horizontal bar produces a “step” on the foundation. Here, the foundation thickness increases step by step * to form a thicker section. 9 The periphery is a thinner peripheral section 98. The surrounding horizontal bar defines the plane shape of the house. In an alternative specific example, a foundation without horizontal stripes is formed. The threaded galvanized anchor rod 100 (Figures 8A and 8B) is built into a thin section around the foundation and the distance from the bar is approximately equal to half the thickness of the brick. Threaded rods are built into the foundation to surround the foundation periphery and are spaced apart from each other. Since the building structure system is made of foamed plastic bricks, the vertical (in the height direction) drilling 107 penetrates through the thickness of the bricks to penetrate the threaded rod. Here, a number of specific examples of the present invention relating to the construction of square houses are described. However, it is obvious to those in the industry that these specific examples are applicable to any type of house with vertical walls. To build a square house with a single locked wall • First, the foundation 92 has horizontal stripes 94 (Figure 9). A double lock brick 110 is cut in half along its longitudinal axis. The half brick with the groove on the upper edge is placed against the horizontal bar in the height direction, so one of its B sections protrudes beyond the horizontal bar. Secondly, the paper size of the non-protruding B section of the brick is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 12 IIII —Cloth II — * Order (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 -_____ B7_ printed by the Staff Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards V. Invention description (ίο) The B section of a complete single-lock brick 114 is vertically engaged so that the two bricks are interlocked. The lower half of the T-shaped beam of the B-section of the single-lock brick to prevent this from interfering with the horizontal strip * is blocked (Figure 10A). When the two bricks are interlocked, they can provide support to each other. Secondly, a brick is cut along its longitudinal and central axis. Then, the half brick 112 is adjacent to the half-lock double-lock brick and the horizontal bar. Finally, the half of the single lock brick 115 adjoins the half of the brick and the horizontal strip, and its groove is located on its upper edge. The length of the bricks is such that when all three combined ballasts rest on the crossbar, the B-section 24 of the double-lock brick and the single-lock brick protrude beyond the crossbar on its individual side. These three pieces form the bottom surface of the first wall 410. The bottom surface of the second wall 42 0 parallel to the first wall is formed using the same set of half bricks, but the order is reversed. The bottom of the third wall 430 (vertical first and second walls) is constructed using a complete double-lock brick 210, a complete slab brick 212, a complete military lock brick 215, and a half military lock brick 214. The first three assembled rails rest on the foundation bar, so that the complete double-locked bricks on the third wall interlock the half-locked single-lock bricks on the first wall * and the complete military-locked bricks on the third wall interlock the half-locked double-lock on the second wall End brick. The half military lock brick 214 is set vertically and slides under the cross section of double lock brick B that interlocks the entire double lock brick (Figure 1QB). The bottom surface of the fourth wall 440 (parallel third wall) is constructed in the same way as the third wall but the brick order is reversed. Secondly, the whole block is used to construct the next height of the first and second walls, but the sequence is opposite to its bottom surface. The third and fourth walls adopt the same method. Once the wall structure is high enough • The last layer of the third and fourth walls 450 must be built in half pieces, so that the height of the four walls is equal. The interlocking between the bricks provides lateral support to the wall. Further support comes from staggering the sequence of bricks used in the same wall. This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard Falcon (CMS) A4 specification (210X297mm) 13) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Employee's Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed I A7 B7 'Invention Note (11) It should be noted that the wall surface can also be constructed using different combinations of single locking bricks. For example, the height of each layer of the wall can include two longer double-lock bricks and two military-lock bricks that are interlocked with the double-lock bricks. In an alternative specific example, a single-bonded brick is used to construct the same square house. * Contains mixed bricks * Double rectangular tip bricks, and tip support bricks. To build the bottom of the first wall, use a half-half mixed brick and a half-rectangular tip brick cut in half along the longitudinal and central axis. The lower half of the T-shaped beam of the B section under the tip support bricks 120, 121 is cut. In this way, the vertical foundation can be arranged with a thinner cross section to form a lower groove 134 with horizontal bars 34 (FIG. 10C). The first brick of the bottom wall of the first wall 51Q uses half of the mixed brick 116 to lean against the foundation horizontal bar in the height direction, and its B cross-section protrudes beyond the horizontal bar (Figure 11). The lower part of the first tip supporting brick 120 is removed, and the vertical mixed brick is set up and leaned against the horizontal bar, so that the tip of the half mixed brick (C section 136) passes through the bottom groove 134 of the tip supporting brick formed by the horizontal bar 1QC chart). Then, the half-half double-rectangular tip brick 118 is set to hold the horizontal bar, and one of the tips passes through the first tip supporting brick from the opposite side, adjacent to the mixed brick side. The second integral tip support brick 121M vertically matches the other tip of the double rectangular tip brick in the same manner as the first tip support brick 120. Finally, fit the other half of the mixed brick 117, and its tip passes through and is adjacent to the second tip support brick, and is adjacent to the tip of the double rectangular tip brick. The length of the brick is selected so that the second hybrid brick B cross-section 24 also protrudes beyond the horizontal bar (Figure 11). Note that it is also possible to use multiple double-sided tip bricks with a shorter length with additional support tip bricks. The same procedure is adopted when building the bottom of the second wall 52Q. The third wall is formed by using a whole block of mixed bricks and double rectangular tip bricks. However, the tip support brick 220 > This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) 14 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

, TT Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Seal A7 B7 V. Description of invention (l2) 221 Part of the lower part must be removed so that it can flatten the foundation. At the same time provide support for the tip brick (Figure 10D). The B-section 24 of the protruding hybrid brick forming the third wall is interlocked with the B-section 24 of the protruding hybrid brick for the first and second walls. Interlocking provides lateral support to the wall. Further support is provided by the tip support bricks. Follow the same procedure to build the fourth wall 540. The height of the remaining layers of the wall is a whole building. However, as in the previous specific example, the last layer of bricks 55Q forming the third and fourth walls must be cut in half to maintain the same height as the first and second walls. Another alternative embodiment also uses a single locking brick. However, the foundation has no horizontal stripes, but has grooves 330 around the periphery (Figure 12). The difference between this specific example and another specific example of the single lock brick is that the bottom surface of the wall is constructed using a single block and part of the double lock brick 310 and the single lock brick 314. Half of the lower A cross section and half of the bottom cross section of some bricks are removed. The bottom surface of these bricks is arranged as the lower flat 32 5 flat foundation, while the B-section T-shaped beams 32 8 are combined with the interlocking foundation groove 330 (Figure 13). At the same time, the groove on the upper surface of the brick provides the basis for interlocking with other bricks in the group. The next step in the three specific examples is to bury the roof interface board or interface board and select the appropriate roof. Since each side wall can support Junyi's roof, the interface-2 interface board 42 is used (Figure 4). (Interface-1 bricks can also be used). Interface -2 plate engages the wall with a groove 55 (figure 5). Depending on the length of the wall surface * A single or multiple interface-2 plates 62 can be used to span the length of each wall surface. When the rounded gutter groove 52 is provided on the wall surface, it is located outside the room wall, and the lamp groove 58 is located inside the room wall (Figure 5). The corner interface-2 plate 64 has grooves across its full length, and the half width is fitted on the wall forming the corner (circle 14). The groove of such a plate spans its full length and at least its half width. This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) 15 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Binding · Order A7 B7 Printed by the Employees Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Invention Explanation (13) The opening 351 was drilled vertically through the top groove of the interface plate to allow the threaded anchor stalk to pass through it (Figure 8B). Once the interface board is in place, the mesh bar 353 is inserted into the lower part of the upper top ditch 50 and engages 354 vertically to the anchor bar. Then, the lower part of the top recess is filled with concrete and covered with steel bars * to form a concrete tie beam 355. Once the concrete has set, the nut 354 bolts to the protruding galvanized rod. When the nut is bolted to the plated bar, the nut forces the interface board to buckle the brick and tie the brick downward to the foundation. In the alternative example, two sets of galvanized screws are used to form the back tension anchor rod. Each back tension anchor rod is formed using two rods, each rod from each group and having opposite threads. The anchor rod 100K from the first group is built in the same way as the previous concrete example. The first set of rods is shorter, and it penetrates part of the wall height through vertically aligned holes 107 (drilled in the wall tiles). As mentioned earlier, hole 1Q7 spans the wall and passes through the top groove of the interface plate. The rods of the second group have a stop bolted to one end, such as a nut 354. The second group of anchor rods 101 is installed through the wall hole of the top trench and to the lower wall brick. As in the previous specific example, the reinforcing bar 3 53 is inserted in the lower part of the top trench and closes the end of the stop of the vertical rod. Then, the concrete tie beam 355 is formed at the lower part of the top trench that seals the reinforcing bar 353 and adjoins the lower surface of the stopper 359. Once all poles are installed, the poles of the first group are aligned with the poles of the second group. However, the length of the rod makes a gap 360 between the aligned rods. A screw 362 with threads on each end is used to engage the free ends of each pair of threaded rods. The internal thread at one end of the turnbuckle is opposite to the internal thread at its end. The thread at one end matches the thread of the first sister rod, and the thread at its end matches the thread of the second sister rod. In this way, when the turnbuckle rotates in one direction, it is bolted to the pair of rods to force them to face each other, so that the stop of the second set of rods engages the concrete tie beam of the top trench, forcing the interface board to block the wall brick and the foundation, The compressive force generated inside the brick forces the wall brick to anchor down to the local paper music standard. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) is applicable 16 (please read the precautions on the back and fill in this page)

Printed by the Industrial and Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5 'Instructions for Invention (14) Base ° In an alternative specific example where no anchor rod is used, the bottom wall brick is bonded to the foundation. In another specific example, an anchor rod is used to bond the bottom brick to the foundation. Next install the roof. For illustrative purposes * Describe the inverted V-shaped roof * has an inclined V-shaped side forming an inverted V-shape, and a triangular vertical side 88 closed roof on both sides (Figures 5 and 14). The inclined side is formed by multiple sets of angular edge tiles 74 interlocking with each other using tenon-type connections. The edges of the corner edge tiles are at an angle, so when one tile matches the tenon of another tile, the two tile edges form a vertical interface 375. The angle of the tile edges and the length of the tiles are selected so that when the tiles are matched, the two opposing edges are spaced from each other and thus engage the top groove 50 of the interface plate. One end of the corner edge tile is connected to form an inverted V-shaped top, and the other end engages the top groove of the interface plate between the first and second face walls. For this purpose, the edge is cut or planed around the vertical plane 377 (Figures 5 and 8B). This allows the tiles to slide into the top groove 50 of the vertical wall. The edge of the roof rests on the concrete tie beam 355 in the roof ditch. If necessary, the edge must be drilled with an opening 380 to accommodate the protruding anchor rod. Once the V-shape is in place, the bottom edge of the triangular tile 88 slides into the top groove of the third wall interface plate. The fourth wall is the same. The triangle tile itself consists of multiple tiles adjoining each other to form a triangle tile. The triangular tiles match the inverted V-shaped top edge surface 75 to close the roof, as shown in the 14th Mole. If a semi-cylindrical roof is used, a semi-circular tile 90 is used instead of a triangular tile 88, as shown in Figure 6. When the roof is in place, drill a small opening 382 on the outer surface of the roof at the proximal end of the interface board. These small openings provide a path for the concrete tie beams from the outer roof to the inside of the interface trench. Then, the concrete is sprayed through the opening to bond the roof to the concrete tie beam. Once the structure of the house is built using foamed plastic monuments, the paper standard of foamed plastics is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297mm) ~ (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A7 B7 printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Instructions for invention (15) Cut out doors and windows. Cut grooves on the outer surface of the brick to embed the hydropower pipe in the brick. Secondly, M concrete is sprayed on the inner and outer surfaces of the foamed plastic bricks. The horizontal surface at the proximal end of the wall is also sprayed with M concrete to form a continuous layer with the sprayed layer on the wall surface. Can be painted military calendar or multiple layers. However, it is better to spray multiple layers of thin concrete, where each layer can partially solidify before applying the next layer to reduce slump. The typical thin layer is about 8.0 mm thick. In the alternative specific example • The concrete layer is applied using a trowel. The sprayed concrete contains polymer, which acts as an adhesive to assist the concrete to adhere to the foamed plastic brick, and also contains short fibers to keep the concrete cohesive. The adhesive properties of the polymer also help to reduce slump. Preferably, polymer-portland cement concrete (also known as polymer modified concrete) is used. Basically, it is ordinary Portland cement concrete and polymer or military body is added during the mixing process. Short fibers are also added during the mixing process. Fibers can be made of mesh, plastic, glass and natural (cellulose) and other materials. They are available in a variety of shapes (round, flat, curled and deformed) and inconsistent, typically 1.0-8.0 cn thick and 0.005-0.75 mB long. Steel Valvi can significantly improve the flexural strength, impact strength, toughness, fatigue strength, and crack resistance of concrete. The aggregate of concrete is sand without coarse gravel. Thermoplastic and elastomer latex can be used. Epoxy resins and other polymers can also be used. Generally speaking, latex can improve the ductility of concrete and mortar * adhesion * adhesion strength, resistance to atmospheric anion intrusion, shear adhesion, and tensile and flexural strength. Latex modified concrete (LMC) can also be used. LMC also has excellent freeze-thaw properties, abrasiveness, and impact resistance. Some LMC materials are also resistant to certain acids, alkalis and paper standards. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ ·! Specifications (210X297mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), ys

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UI5V A7 __B7_ V. Description of the invention (i6) Organic solvent. -Once the concrete has solidified • Form a concrete hard shell house. Then • Lamp 384 can be added to the lamp groove 58 of the interface board (Figure 8A and 8B). Note that the description here is for a square house with no inner walls and only a single roof for illustrative purposes only. The technology can be used to construct other shapes of houses with or without inner walls. For example, if the house has an inner wall, a double roof can be used, as shown in Figure 14. In this case, the inner wall may be fitted with the interface-3 or interface-4 interface plate 162 having two top grooves. The trenches engage and support one end of each roof, while the other end is supported by the outer wall. In addition, flat or other roofs can also be used. The roof may be a roof formed by a single tile or multiple tiles. Only a few of the preferred specific examples are described here. Skilled persons in the industry and technology related to the present invention will understand the substitutions and changes within the scope of the described invention without departing from the principle, essence or scope of the present invention. For example, other shapes of interlocking blocks can also be used. For example, blocks with rounded or other shaped grooves instead of rectangular grooves can also be used. Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 1.--~ I n ^^^ 1 -I ml mn I, [9J (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). Among other specific examples, a certain These walls enable the construction of prefabricated foamed plastic inserts instead of plastic blocks. Then, concrete is applied to the panel or block by coating or other methods. Some prefabricated panels may be pre-applied with a layer of concrete on their outer surface. When using this type of embedding, only a layer of concrete needs to be applied to its outer surface by M spraying or other methods. This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297mm) 19 V. Description of the invention (17) A7 B7 Component labeling printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 10 ... Double lock brick 52 ... Rounded groove 12... Plate brick 54... Top ditch 14. _ .. single lock brick 55. _ .. wall ditch 16.. .. mixed brick 58. .. Groove 18. · .. double-rectangular tip brick 60 · · .. lamp trough 20... Tip support brick 62, 162-straight line B 22. .. A section 64-164 ---- Corner B-24 · _ .. B section 70... Inverted V-shaped 26 .. •. Bottom 72... Semi-cylindrical 28... Crossbeam 74... Rectangular tile 30... .C section 75 · .. inverted V-shaped top edge surface 32. .. upper groove 76, · .. angled edge 33, 35 ---- groove 78 · ·. Tenon 34 .. .. Groove 80... Groove 36... Rectangular tip 84 .. • groove 37 .. • opening 86... Tenon 40... Interface -1 * 4 0 88. .. triangle Tile 88 42 ... Interface-2 Interface Board 42 90 ... Semi-circular tile 44 ... Interface-3, 4 4 92 ... Foundation 46 ... Interface-4, 46 94 .. .. horizontal bar 48. .. wall concave building 96 ... section 50 ... top concave 98.... Peripheral cross-section I--........ I -......----I ·--IH,--1---1- J---one aJ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 20 V. Description of invention (18 A7 B7 Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs System 101 ---- Anchor rod 107____hole 110 ---- Double lock brick 112 ---- Slab brick 115 ---- Single lock brick 116 ---- Half block mixed brick 117--Half block mixed Brick 118—half double rectangular tip bricks 120, 121 ---- tip supporting brick 134 ---- bottom groove 136____C section 210 ---- complete double lock brick 212 ---- complete brick 214-- -Half-block single-lock brick 215-Complete single-lock brick 2 2 0, 221-Tip support brick 310-Double-lock brick 314-Single-lock brick 32 5 ____ Lower edge 330 --- -Groove 351-Opening 353-Reinforcement 354 .... Nut 35 5-Concrete tie beam 359 .. 360 .. 362 .. 375 .. 377 .. 382 .. 384 .. 410. . 420 .. 440 .. 510 .. 52 0 .. 540 .. ..stops .. clearance screw vertical interface vertical plane small opening lamp first wall second wall fourth wall first wall second wall first Four walls 550 .... The last layer of scrap paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210XW7mm) 21 ^^ 1 · ί ml n ^ im ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 1. , n ^ imn. ^ nn ^ in ^ i A V, vs (please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

Claims (1)

311157 VI. Patent application scope A8 B8 C8 D8 Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1. ~ Concrete single-body structure hard-shell houses, including:-a concrete foundation; multiple blocks supported by the foundation form a house structure Series; and a layer of concrete layer on the inner and outer surfaces of the structure formed by the block, and connected to the foundation at the proximal end of the block to form a double hard shell structure. 2. For a concrete single-body structure hard shell house as claimed in item 1 of the patent scope, the block system is made of foamed plastic. 3. For a concrete single-body structure hard shell house as claimed in item 1 of the patent scope, where the foundation includes a block extending horizontally around the periphery of the foundation for support and interface of the foundation. 4. For a concrete single-body structure hard-shell house as claimed in item 1 of the patent scope, the block system at the interface with the foundation is bonded to the foundation. 5. For a concrete single-body structure hard-shell house as claimed in item 1 of the patent scope, the block system forming the wall anchors the foundation. 6. For a concrete single-body structure hard shell house under item 5 of the scope of patent application, it also includes multiple double rod rear tension anchor rods for anchoring the block. 7. A concrete single-body structure hard shell house, including: a concrete foundation; a layer of foamed plastic foam, which has an inner surface and an outer surface defining at least a plurality of walls and a roof of the house; and a layer of concrete intertwined layer The inner surface and outer surface of the plastic foam layer are continuous to the foundation adjacent to the building wall, forming a self-supporting rigid structure. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order A! This paper size is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS M4 specification (210X 297mm) 22 Printed by A8 B8 C8 D8 in the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Scope of patent application 8. A kind of concrete single-body structure rigid house, including: a foundation; multiple pre-formed foamed plastic blocks * to form a house structure with walls and roof, wherein the blocks are layered to form walls, And one layer of each wall surface interlocks one layer adjacent to the wall surface, and a layer of concrete forms a self-supporting structure on the inner and outer surfaces of the foamed plastic block forming the wall and roof, and on the foundation of the adjacent block Type concrete hard shell structure 9. A method of forming a single body structure concrete hard shell house • Including the following steps: forming a concrete foundation; using multiple foam blocks to build a house structure on the foundation; and applying a concrete layer to cover the house The inner and outer surfaces of the structure and part of the foundation close to the block form a concrete double-hard shell structure 10. The method of forming a single-body structure concrete hard shell house as claimed in item 9 of the patent scope, wherein the step of forming a concrete foundation includes the step of forming a horizontal strip around the foundation for the support and the interface of the foundation. For example, the method of forming a single-body structure concrete hard shell house in the scope of patent application item 9 includes the step of overlapping the block interface with the foundation to the foundation. 12. For example, forming the single-body structure concrete in the patent scope item 9 The method of the hard shell house * It also includes anchoring the foamed plastic block on the foundation. This paper standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -23-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this Page). Installation. Order A8 B8 C8 D8 to apply for patent scope. 13. For example, the method of forming a single body structure concrete hard shell house in item 9 of the scope of patent application includes the construction of each wall in sequence with its walls The step of one layer height, where the layer height of non-adjacent walls is built first, followed by the construction of one layer height of other walls. The method of forming a single-body structure concrete hard shell house according to item 9, wherein the step of applying a layer of concrete includes the step of spraying K concrete layer. 15. A method of forming a single-body structure concrete hard shell house includes the following steps: Form a concrete foundation; use multiple foamed blocks on the foundation to build a house type, the block system is selected from a plastic block that interlocks with each other in the vertical direction; Μ and part of the foundation close to the block, the concrete layer and the foundation interface are each used to form a concrete double hard shell house structure. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) i. Order the consumption of employees of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by cooperatives. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (2ί〇Χ297 company director)