經濟部中央揉隼局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明（1 發明之技術範圍 本發明係關於電動發電機，特別係關於無電刷直流電馬 達（BDCMs)及更別係關於爲碟型結構之無電刷直流電馬達 〇 發明背景 電動發電機（馬達或發電機）無電刷直流電馬達勝過以前 技藝有槽電框馬達之優點係包括： 無整流器一非以滑動接點承載有效電流， 毋須鳴合—無重復鐵結構以優先吸引磁極， 重量輕（非鋼片結構）， 結構簡單，可有較大空隙，及 高效率（例如，在繞組中感應低）。 大多數無電刷直流電馬達之結構係爲鄰近（並排）圓柱形 表面樣式；在其間，以徑向方向操作之磁力相互作用提供 扭力。有…些馬建之結構係呈礫裂，而非園}形之相對長形 炎；係因碟型可作特別應用之故。已知碟型馬達係採用 無刷直流堪動替代扇塊式銅整流器》在該等馬達中，數個 獨互之磁鐵係安裝至軟鋼軛之上及電樞係以三明治方式夹 於磁鐵與第二软鋼軛之間。 需要有一改良之具有扁平碟型之經濟有效馬達。 發明標的 本發明之標的係提供一種改良碟型電馬達，或至少提供 大眾一種選擇。 發明詳細説明 ——装------ίτ - 1； 广请先βιί背¢之法意事項戽填寫本萸)Printed by Beigong Consumer Cooperative of Central Falcon Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of invention (1. Technical scope of the invention This invention relates to motor generators, in particular to brushless DC motors (BDCMs) and more particularly to the structure of a dish type Brushless DC motors. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The advantages of motor generators (motors or generators) brushless DC motors over the prior art slotted electric frame motors include: No rectifiers or non-sliding contacts to carry effective current, no need to tune- Non-repetitive iron structure to attract magnetic poles preferentially, light weight (non-steel sheet structure), simple structure, can have large gaps, and high efficiency (for example, low induction in windings). The structure of most brushless DC motors is Adjacent (side-by-side) cylindrical surface patterns; in between, magnetic interactions operating in the radial direction provide torsion. There are ... some Ma Jian's structures are gravel, rather than a relatively long shape of the shape of the circle; due to the dish type For the purpose of special application. It is known that the disc-type motor adopts brushless DC to replace the fan-type copper rectifier. In these motors, several independent The magnet is installed on the soft steel yoke and the armature is sandwiched between the magnet and the second soft steel yoke. There is a need for an improved cost-effective motor with a flat disc type. The subject of the present invention is to provide a Improve the disc-type electric motor, or at least provide the public with a choice. Detailed description of the invention——Equipment ———— ίτ-1;
經濟部中央搮準局負工消费合作社印製 SG9673 五、發明説明（ 本發明係提供一種碟型無刷直流電馬達，該馬達具有碟 型靜子及碟型轉子安裳於中央轴之上，·轉 於平行於靜子且具有^之平面，面對靜予之轉予表= 或之内係具有複數永久磁極，該靜子具有由其支律之複數 繞線極；*中’菘靜子係由塑膠製成，而轉予也係由塑膠 製成，·該«靜子碟之第-表面上具有環㈣，以固定由 -個或多個不連續通電之軟性磁鐵構成之環形通路； 膠靜子碟之第二表面上係具有複數指形件以支撑導電^ ，該塑膠轉子碟包括並支撺軟磁鐵背板及具有支#並安接 於該背板上之環形磁鐵；這樣，環形磁鐵即面對塑膠靜子 碟具有導電繞組之部份；該環形磁鐵係具有於環形磁鐵周 圍區域内磁化之4至64永久磁極’自一永久磁極至其都近 永久磁極之磁通路徑係穿過與導電繞組相交之區域，而後 進入該軟磁鐵環，然後再穿過與導電繞组相 進入該鄰近之永久磁極；大部份該導電繞組級 角方式與幾乎全部之磁通路徑相交。 ..... 本發明之其他特性可由申請專利範圍及其説明明瞭。 圖式 本發明之所有概念係以其新概念考量，並由以範例參考 後附圖式之下述説明明暸之；其中該囷式爲： 圖1係最佳碟型馬達用第一轉子表面及該馬達用磁鐵之 説明； 圖2係用圖1所示轉子，包括繞組之靜子表面説明；磁接 係以要置方式配置； 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家標率（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐 ---------—装------,η------i . .- / (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 A7 ____ B7 五、發明( 3 ) " ~ --— 圏3係本發明轉子及靜子之半徑截面圖； 圖4係沿圖3中A-A，平面截取之包括磁鐵排列以說明根 據本發明馬達之轉子及靜子磁通與繞組之截面圖； 圖5係説明以前技藝與圖4所示之比較，位於繞組後方無 環形件存在及磁通線未以導磁環形件“拉過，，繞組： 圖6係用於三相八極馬達靜子之塑膠成形之詳細說明， 尺寸皆爲英寸； 圖7係用於三相八極馬達之塑膠模製件之圖形説明； 囷8係用於三相八極馬達之塑膠靜子截面圖·該模製件 係線圈支架，也係環形件之支律件；尺寸皆爲英寸。 本發明最佳型別係碟型無電刷直流馬達；該馬達具有確 型靜子及碟型轉子安裝在中央軸上。靜子碟及轉子碟皆用 塑膠製作；塑膠製靜子碟在其第一表面上具有環形腔以固 定由一或多部份不連續通電之與:磁鐵構成之環形件。在本 發明塑膠製靜子碟第二表面上也包括複數徑向指形件以支 律導電繞組--標準型爲漆包銅線。 "不連續通電••之意義係環形件之磁性材料可有效地不承 -載運動中磁極所產生之大量電流（渦流）。軟鐵即該不連續 性材料範例之一，另一最佳範例係以螺旋與相當緊密方式 纏繞之變壓器用鐵芯片製成之鐵帶。該鐵帶毋霞塗施學緣 材料以防止電流直接跨越鄰近g辑成之空隙，其原因係在 鄰近圈間發展之低壓電壓時，其氧化層幾乎足夠絕緣，但 在某些情況下，係需要絕緣層。 依此方式纏繞之大量鐵帶或鐵線係各向異性電導體--藉 _ -6- 本紙法尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210犬297公釐） ----- I - I n - m n - - I n T In--- I— 1 :. I ,ir Λ^、T-.. . I ^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 A7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 - —--—— p * 五、發明説明（4 ) — 此導體可在一軸向或在一平面肀作良好之導電，以及爲 最好幾乎垂直於磁通及繞组方向。 Λ ' 該塑膠轉子係包括並支律一軟磁鐵背板，以及—環形嵫 鐵支律並安裝於該背板之上；這樣，環形磁鐵之—表命可 面對該靜子具有導電繞組之部份。該環形磁鐵係由在其^ 圍區域磁化之4-64永久磁極構成，最佳型別係由8極，即 四北極（Ν)及四南極（S)構成。 自一永久磁極至其鄰近永久磁極之磁路通徑係自—場極 穿過與導電繞組相交之區域而進入該軟磁材料（以鋼帶爲 最佳）製成之環形件，而後返回跨過該與導電繞組相交之 區域至鄰近之永久磁極；此一設計特性係大部份之導電繞 组與大部份之磁通徑可幾乎成直角相交。 下述無刷直流馬達（BDCM)實例中，其發展之扭力係跨 過在轉動中之永久磁鐵與固定排列已激勵繞組間之平面。 該馬達包括兩疊在一起之碟--固定於安裝件（未示出）之靜 子201及另一可繞中心軸303旋轉之轉子ιοί，該軸係安裝 於軸承1 〇6，3 02上。通常係有導電繞組2〇5 (在此實例中 係用銅線缠繞）之排列，該繞组係由三部份（202，203， 204)組成並置於靜子/固定碟之一表面上及永久磁極（如 103 ’ 104)係在轉子一表面上之環形磁鐵磁化區域中建立 之。該丨固定繞組|之配置係避免需要以擦拭作用傳遞電力。 雖然可用更多或少數相位，但爲簡單及成本低，無電刷直 流馬達（BDCM)以用三相驅動爲最佳。 環形磁鐵 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ 297公釐） -----------(*^— I ---- Τ _ _ _ _ I _ 良 U3 、一*4 f { f請先聞讀背面之注意事if再填寫本頁} A7 B7 309673 五、發明説明（ (請先閱1*背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 用磁性硬磁鐵製成之環形磁鐵係支撑並安裝於該轉子之 教鋼背板上；這樣，該環形磁鐵即面對具有導電繞組之靜 子。"陶瓷8 "係最佳之磁鐵合成材料》雖本發明之低成本 無電刷直流馬達（BDCM)係具有8磁極（見圖1 )，但極數可 自4至6 4。例如，超過2 0極以上時，最好係用於直徑較大 之馬達，如供以低速風扇空調之馬達。 永久磁極係在環繞環形磁鐵表面區域内磁化。磁極係以 所產生之磁通幾乎平行於馬達旋轉抽線之方式排列。各磁 鐵之極係呈如圖1 (103，104)所示圓形截頂扇形之形狀， 8 -極馬達之各扇形面之斜邊間所成之角爲45度。其他極 間之角度係以極數而定’一般而言係等於36〇度/極數。磁 鐵以已磁化爲最佳；這樣，安裝妥之磁鐵表面即爲北極或 南極，如圖1所示之8 -極磁鐵。 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 一磁化環形磁鐵時，必然在極中央中間部份留下少量無故 邊界材料。如使該少量材料消除雙布幫助；因如各極能在 有效密合空間内時，即能迫使大量磁力線自磁鐵趨向繞組 伸„生.·.趣'伤’這樣可增強馬.達效率。如磁力線朝向側邊或 越過磁鐵表面，即不能與繞組相交β極數多時會有使邊界 材料量昇高之趨勢。圖5中之以前技藝範例係說明磁力線 如何能在次優先設計中返回環形磁鐵表面上另—磁極而從 不與馬達繞組203所佔之區域5〇2相交。 最佳係轉子製模包括圓周唇以固定磁鐵，該磁鐵係抵於 大致扁平之軟鋼板101 ;該軟鋼板係供完成一磁極與其鄰 極間之磁路（如圖4所示）。可選擇具有返轉凸緣之軟鋼製 309673 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局男工消費合作社印装 五、發明説明（6 ) 而非塑膠模製之板，以助防止磁鐵受向心力而移位。可·遠 擇用黏著劑固定環形磁鐵於該鋼板上。軟鋼板係以安装於 馬達之旋轉驅動轴303上爲最佳。在旋轉時，轉子與磁鐵 一同旋轉會產生可觀之角動量；故安裝之裝置，即使在溫 度昇高超載情況下，仍能固定環形磁鐵在其位置不動。 轉子與靜子間之空隙係以1 mm至〇·2 mm爲最佳3此空 隙係大於感應馬達常用之空隙，及可供製造裕度以及允許 游陳或磨損。該空隙可以軸承106之特殊配置替代之，抽 承106可爲套筒或滾子軸承以使轉子與靜子沿軸線方向作 變量分離。即使在操作循環中也能増加之空隙係具有減低 馬達搞合之效果。 靜子 本發明之模製塑膠靜子係具有兩種用途。第一種用途堡 支律繞組及作線圈架之用；且在操作中，繞組中電流產 抵抗磁通之反作用扭力時，變形最小3繞组係支撑於靜子 一表面上，該表面接近於轉子磁鐵。第二種用途係在其反 面支撑拉動磁通通過繞組（見下述"磁路"）之软低損耗磁悻 材料之環形件。静子2 01係以硬非導電材料製作爲最佳。 最佳之靜子係塑膠模製靜子，其具有開口以使自動或手 動操作在幅射狀分離之繞組上繞線，及以圓周方式繞過静 子直至達繞组阻抗所需圈數爲止。就8 _極馬 i J逆而s，繞聋且 在分離處之旋轉半徑係约爲45度。另一方式係繞組可〆 印刷線路或密封嵌入材料方式製作。圖2係以單圈繞於= 子之三相203 (粗線），204(虛線），及202(細線）説明/ -9- 木紙張尺度適用中國國家樣隼（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝. 訂 經濟部中央橾準局負工消費合作社印装 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) — 圖3係説明以密封材料如206嵌入或保護之，，密封繞組,， 。該繞組可密封於如環氧樹脂，聚氨酯或矽橡膠之防火塑 膠材料（如304 )之堅硬基體中。一般而言，於硬架外倒繞 線係更方便於製作與散熱。設計供電氣使用及示少能讨熱 之任何一種產品（如，，R YNITE " ( Du Pont公司之商標））可 選作繞組架之用。繞組可用黏著劑（舉例而言）固定於表面 上之溝槽中，或蟪繞於線圈架上（見圖6及圖7)。 架材料係以具有低導磁率爲最佳，即相對於空氣而言， 應爲低於20(設空氣之導磁率爲1);及其厚度應至少足以 部份分離於由繞組接近任何感應或磁性物質產生之磁場， 以（a)’肖除因磁滞及;尚流所產生之損失，及（匕）消除因不必 要之高繞組感應所產生之損失。（本設計之無刷碟型直流 馬達之特別優點係具有相當低之繞組感應受可n頻率藤 動之上。 磁路 此型馬達之最佳選擇係繞組之後方使用軟磁性材料之吸 引層或背板’以吸引或引導更多之磁力線以更垂直方向通 過繞組’同時不因繞组感應而產生顯著之反效果。該吸引 層即下述之環形件。 扭力（Nm/Amp)係增加約70% ^電感約爲全然無鐵芯馬 達之兩倍，及在一範例中，其電感係每繞組320微享。（相 反地’傳統馬達之繞組，即安裝於電樞扇形區具有鐵心感 應線圈之繞組係具有高電感…可能係範例之十倍或更高） •10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4说格（2IOX 297公釐 I-------丨裴------訂------7 A /' {请先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明説明（8 ) 圖4及圖5係碟型馬達之正切截面’而圖3係其徑向截面 。應注意，圖3之環形件係呈狭盒形狀，其原因在該截面 係以橫過多個帶之螺旋圈切割之故；而圖4之層305係呈 寬盒形狀，其原因在該截面係以約沿帶長切割之故。 圖4係説明具有吸引層之範例（400 )中，磁通線之可能方 向，及提供無吸引層之以前技藝範例（圖5 )。應注意圖4 中A-A·標示之平生四邊形係代表沿圖3中A-A，線段截取 之平面》吸引層305係贅助自磁極1 02抽出磁通線408，於 通過嵌入（至少應固定）低導磁率基體206中之繞组205， 204，203後，再進入磁極1 〇2。仔細考量磁通線與在區域 502 (圖5中無吸引層之以前技藝範例）中鄰近截取之繞組 間之角會發現很多磁通線係以曲線通卞過繞組區（如其達 到繞組時）。結果扭力與旋轉之最佳方向形成角度。該 種馬遠之效果係低於圖4所示包括使磁通線更垂直於旋轉 方向之吸引層型別之馬達。 吸引層會經歷並包括自磁極吸引更多磁通後自轉子之各 磁極對移動磁場並引導該磁通通過繞組及其本身》所以， 最佳吸引層具有之磁力特性應包括使用中具低飽和危險， 低磁滯損失，及低渦流（有些國家稱之爲Foucah流）。各 種••軟"磁性物質皆可滿足此等特性。 軟鐵係可適用，但其導磁率不如下述之選擇優良，而且 其成本也係重要因素。 如圖3中3 0 5所示最佳之吸引層係自接近靜子中心之外側 ，在其本身纏繞之鐵帶緊密螺旋截面（如錄音卡帶之盤捲） -11 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4规格（2I0X297公釐） ---------------.-ST------^· (請先聞靖背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 303673 A 7 B7 經濟·那中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（9 ) 。最佳之鋼係變壓器鋼疊片，該鋼疊片可包括薄絕緣層。 螺旋可藉簡單之繞組操作自動纏繞。靜子模具可包括凹部 以使螺旋壓入配合及固定於距馬達繞組之可控距離處。 選擇之鋼線圈數會佔據相當之空間，或於模製時使磁鐵 壓模於塑膠基體之中；這樣，即可牢牢固定及消除磁致伸 縮雜音。吸引層可形成靜子之基礎材料，但需具有足夠之 固有強度。在使用時’吸引層中應具有足夠之磁鐵，以防 止吸引層之飽和。轉子之磁鐵層1 〇丨係供完成如圖4所示 磁路之用，及該層僅係經歷靜磁場β因此，此層較吸引層 軟及軟鋼係最佳之材料；特別於受離心力時爲然。磁通較 磁鐵窄之吸引層自繞組端電流流向無關產生有用扭力之處 "集中"或引開。就繞組電感而言，此可減少繞組之有效長 度。 繞組 導電繞組之、姓〜列.丄通常係成三組（2 〇 2，2 Q.3，2..0 4 )，且 .置於靜子/固疋碟之一表面上’及在轉子一表面之環形磁 鐵上’以特別磁化區域建立永久磁極（如1 〇 3，1 〇 4排列）。 固定繞組之配置係在避免所需擦拭接觸方式之傳遞電力。 雖然可用更多或少數相位，但爲簡單及成本低，無刷直流 馬達（BDCM)以用三相驅動爲最佳。 最佳之馬達繞組係繞成三相位之構型，可視繞組之激勵 方法而連接成星形或二角構型’或保持三個各自獨立之繞 組。雖然可採用其他如用片材沖壓_或印刷線路之配製技藝 ’繞組仍以用銅線纏繞爲最佳》—最佳之繞組構型係如圖 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榇準（CNS M4規格（210X297公釐） (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝· *vaPrinted SG9673 by the Consumer Labor Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (The present invention provides a disc-shaped brushless DC motor with a disc-shaped stator and a disc-shaped rotor mounted on the central shaft. In the plane parallel to the stator and with ^, facing the table of Jingyu = or within it has a complex permanent magnetic pole, the stator has a complex winding pole by its rule; * 中 '菘 静 子 is made of plastic The transfer is also made of plastic. The first surface of the «static disc has a ring ㈣ to fix a ring-shaped passage made of one or more discontinuously energized soft magnets; the first part of the plastic static disc The two surfaces are provided with a plurality of fingers to support the conductive ^, the plastic rotor disc includes and supports a soft magnet back plate and a ring magnet having a support # and attached to the back plate; in this way, the ring magnet faces the plastic The stator disk has a part of the conductive winding; the ring magnet has 4 to 64 permanent magnetic poles magnetized in the area around the ring magnet. The magnetic flux path from a permanent magnetic pole to all of them near the permanent magnetic pole passes through the intersection with the conductive winding region , And then enter the soft magnet ring, and then pass through the conductive winding phase to enter the adjacent permanent magnetic pole; most of the conductive winding stage angle method intersects almost all the magnetic flux paths ..... Other characteristics can be understood by the scope of the patent application and its description. Drawings All the concepts of the present invention are considered by their new concepts, and are explained by the following description of the drawings after referring to examples; where the formula is: Figure 1 The description of the surface of the first rotor for the best disc motor and the magnet used for the motor; Figure 2 is the description of the rotor surface shown in Figure 1, including the stator surface of the winding; the magnetic connection is configured in the required way; Standard rate (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297mm ---------- installed --------, η ------ i ..- / (Please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again) A7 ____ B7 made by the consumer cooperation of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy V. Inventions (3) " ~ --- 圏 3 is the radius cross-sectional view of the rotor and stator of the present invention; Figure 4 is along Figure 3 Medium AA, plane cut includes magnet arrangement to illustrate the rotor and stator flux of the motor according to the invention Cross-sectional view with the winding; Figure 5 illustrates the comparison of the previous technique with that shown in Figure 4, there is no ring member behind the winding and the magnetic flux line is not drawn by the magnetic ring, the winding: Figure 6 is used for three The detailed description of the plastic molding of the stator of the eight-phase eight-pole motor is in inches; Figure 7 is a graphic illustration of the plastic molded parts used in the three-phase eight-pole motor; Fig. 8 is the section of the plastic stator for the three-phase eight-pole motor Figure · The molded part is a coil support and also a ring-shaped support; the dimensions are all in inches. The best type of the present invention is a disc-type brushless DC motor; the motor has a fixed stator and a disc-shaped rotor installed in On the central shaft. Both the stator disc and the rotor disc are made of plastic; the plastic stator disc has an annular cavity on its first surface to fix an annular member composed of one or more discontinuously energized magnets. The second surface of the plastic stator disc of the present invention also includes a plurality of radial fingers to support conductive windings with a standard-the standard type is enamelled copper wire. " Discontinuous power supply •• The meaning is that the magnetic material of the ring can effectively not bear the large amount of current (eddy current) generated by the magnetic pole during the movement. Soft iron is one of the examples of the discontinuous material, and another best example is an iron tape made of iron chips for transformers wound in a spiral and a very tight manner. The iron belt is not coated with a scholarly material to prevent current from directly crossing the gap formed by the adjacent g. The reason is that when the low voltage developed between the adjacent circles, the oxide layer is almost enough to insulate, but in some cases, insulation is required Floor. A large number of iron tape or iron wire anisotropic electrical conductors wound in this way-borrow _ -6- This paper method standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 dogs 297 mm) ----- I- I n-mn--I n T In --- I— 1:. I, ir Λ ^, T- .. I ^ (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) A7 A7 Central Standard of Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives — p * V. Description of the invention (4) — This conductor can make good electrical conductivity in one axis or on a plane, and is preferably almost perpendicular to the magnetic flux and winding Group direction. Λ 'The plastic rotor includes a soft magnet backplate with a parallel support and a ring-shaped iron support and is installed on the backplate; in this way, the ring magnet's surface can face the part of the stator that has a conductive winding Copies. The ring magnet is composed of 4-64 permanent magnetic poles magnetized in the surrounding area, and the best type is composed of 8 poles, that is, four north poles (N) and four south poles (S). The path of the magnetic path from a permanent magnetic pole to its adjacent permanent magnetic pole is from the field pole through the area that intersects the conductive winding and enters the ring made of soft magnetic material (preferably steel belt), and then returns across The area that intersects the conductive winding to the adjacent permanent magnetic pole; this design feature is that most of the conductive winding and most of the magnetic flux paths can almost intersect at right angles. In the following example of a brushless DC motor (BDCM), the torque developed is across the plane between the rotating permanent magnet and the fixedly arranged excited windings. The motor includes two stacked discs-a stator 201 fixed to a mounting member (not shown) and another rotor rotatably rotatable about a central axis 303, which is mounted on bearings 106, 302. Usually there is an arrangement of conductive windings 2〇5 (in this example wound with copper wire), the winding is composed of three parts (202, 203, 204) and placed on the surface of one of the stator / stationary disc and Permanent magnetic poles (such as 103'104) are established in the magnetized area of a ring magnet on a rotor surface. This 丨 fixed winding | configuration avoids the need to transfer power by wiping action. Although more or fewer phases are available, for simplicity and low cost, brushless DC motors (BDCM) are best driven by three phases. The size of the ring magnet is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ 297 mm) ----------- (* ^ — I ---- Τ _ _ _ _ I _ Liang U3, 1 * 4 f {fPlease read the notes on the back if and then fill in this page} A7 B7 309673 V. Description of the invention ((Please read 1 * Notes on the back before filling in this page) Made of magnetic hard magnet The ring magnet is supported and installed on the steel back plate of the rotor; in this way, the ring magnet faces the stator with conductive winding. &Quot; Ceramic 8 " is the best magnet composite material. Although the low cost of the present invention The brushless DC motor (BDCM) has 8 magnetic poles (see Figure 1), but the number of poles can be from 4 to 64. For example, when it exceeds 20 poles, it is best to use it for a motor with a larger diameter. The motor of low-speed fan air conditioner. The permanent magnetic poles are magnetized in the area around the surface of the ring magnet. The magnetic poles are arranged in such a way that the generated magnetic flux is almost parallel to the motor rotation. The poles of each magnet are shown in Figure 1 (103, 104 ) The shape of the circular truncated sector shown, the angle formed between the oblique sides of each sector of the 8-pole motor is 45 degrees The angle between the other poles is determined by the number of poles' Generally speaking, it is equal to 360 ° / pole number. The magnet is the best to be magnetized; in this way, the surface of the magnet installed is the north or south pole, as shown in Figure 1 Part 8-Pole Magnet. When printing a magnetized ring magnet in the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau Consumer Cooperative, a small amount of unexplained boundary material must be left in the middle of the pole center. If this small amount of material is eliminated, double cloth helps; for each When the pole can be in an effective close space, it can force a large number of magnetic lines of force from the magnet to the winding to extend ... "interesting" This can enhance the horse's efficiency. If the magnetic line of force faces the side or crosses the surface of the magnet, it cannot be When the winding intersects with a large number of beta poles, there will be a tendency to increase the amount of boundary material. The previous art example in Figure 5 illustrates how the magnetic field lines can return to the surface of the ring magnet in the second-priority design-the magnetic pole never contacts the motor winding 203 The area occupied by 502 intersects. Preferably, the rotor mold includes a circumferential lip to fix the magnet against the generally flat soft steel plate 101; the soft steel plate is used to complete the magnetization between a magnetic pole and its adjacent pole (As shown in Figure 4). Can choose mild steel with reversing flange 309673 A7 B7 Central Ministry of Economic Affairs Bureau of Male Workers Consumer Cooperative Printed 5. Invention description (6) instead of plastic molded board to help prevent The magnet is displaced by centripetal force. It is possible to use an adhesive to fix the ring magnet on the steel plate. The soft steel plate is best to be installed on the rotary drive shaft 303 of the motor. During rotation, the rotor and the magnet rotate together. Appreciable angular momentum; therefore, the installed device can still fix the ring magnet in its position even when the temperature is increased and overloaded. The gap between the rotor and the stator is 1 mm to 0. 2 mm is the best. 3 This gap It is larger than the gap commonly used for induction motors, and provides manufacturing margin and allows for aging or wear. The gap can be replaced by a special configuration of the bearing 106, and the pump 106 can be a sleeve or a roller bearing to separate the rotor and the stator in a variable direction along the axis. Even in the operation cycle, the increase of the gap has the effect of reducing the motor engagement. The stator The molded plastic stator of the present invention has two uses. The first application is the fortified winding and the use of the bobbin; and in operation, when the current generated in the winding resists the torsional force of the magnetic flux, the minimum deformation 3 The winding is supported on the surface of the stator, which is close to the rotor magnet. The second purpose is to support on its reverse side a ring of soft low-loss magneto-thin material that pulls magnetic flux through the winding (see " magnetic circuit " below). The Jingzi 2 01 series is made of hard non-conductive materials. The best stator is a plastic molded stator with openings to allow automatic or manual operation to be wound on radiatingly separated windings, and to bypass the stator in a circumferential manner until the required number of turns of the winding impedance is reached. For 8 _ pole horse i J instead of s, the radius of rotation around the deaf and at the separation point is about 45 degrees. Another way is that the winding can be made by printed wiring or sealed embedded material. Figure 2 illustrates the three-phase 203 (thick line), 204 (dashed line), and 202 (thin line) with a single winding around the sub-frame. / -9- Wooden paper scale applies to the China National Falcon (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page)-Packing. Order A7 B7 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Preservation and Consumer Cooperatives. 5. Description of the invention (7) — Figure 3 illustrates the use of sealing material such as 206 for embedding Or protect it. Seal the winding. The winding can be sealed in a hard matrix such as epoxy, polyurethane or silicone rubber fireproof plastic material (such as 304). Generally speaking, the reverse winding wire is more It is convenient for production and heat dissipation. Any product designed to use power supply gas and show less heat (for example, R YNITE " (trademark of Du Pont)) can be used as a winding frame. The winding can be used as an adhesive (for example In terms of) fixed in the groove on the surface, or wound around the coil bobbin (see Figure 6 and Figure 7). The frame material is best to have a low permeability, that is, relative to air, it should be low At 20 (assume the permeability of air is 1); and its thickness should be at least enough to separate For the magnetic field generated by the winding approaching any induction or magnetic substance, (a) 'remove the loss due to hysteresis and still current, and (dagger) eliminate the loss due to unnecessary high winding induction. The special advantage of the brushless disc type DC motor of this design is that it has a relatively low winding induction and can be moved at a frequency of n frequency. The best choice for this type of motor is the use of an attractive layer or back of soft magnetic material behind the winding The plate 'attracts or guides more lines of magnetic force through the winding in a more vertical direction' and at the same time does not produce a significant reverse effect due to the induction of the winding. The attraction layer is the following ring. The torque (Nm / Amp) is increased by about 70 % ^ The inductance is about twice that of a completely ironless motor, and in one example, the inductance is 320 micro-shares per winding. (Conversely, the winding of a traditional motor is installed in the armature sector with an iron core induction coil The winding system has high inductance ... may be ten times or more than the example) • 10- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 said grid (2IOX 297mm I ------- 丨 Pei --- --- Subscribe ------ 7 A / '{Please read the back (Notes and fill in this page) A7 ___B7_ printed by the Employees ’Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standard Falcon Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (8) Figure 4 and Figure 5 are the tangential cross-sections of the disc-type motor 'and Figure 3 is its radial cross-section. Note that the ring-shaped member of FIG. 3 is in the shape of a narrow box, and the reason is that the cross-section is cut with a spiral ring crossing multiple bands; and the layer 305 of FIG. It is about cutting along the tape length. Figure 4 illustrates the possible direction of the magnetic flux line in the example with the attraction layer (400), and the prior art example without the attraction layer (Figure 5). It should be noted that AA in Figure 4 The marked life-like quadrilateral represents the plane taken along line AA in FIG. 3. The attractive layer 305 assists in extracting the magnetic flux line 408 from the magnetic pole 102, and inserts (at least should be fixed) the winding in the low permeability base 206 After 205, 204, 203, enter the magnetic pole 102. Careful consideration of the angle between the magnetic flux lines and the adjacently intercepted windings in the area 502 (the prior art example without the attraction layer in Figure 5) will reveal that many magnetic flux lines pass through the winding area in a curve (such as when it reaches the winding). As a result, the torque and the best direction of rotation form an angle. The effect of this kind of horse far is lower than the motor shown in Fig. 4 including the attraction layer type which makes the magnetic flux line more perpendicular to the rotation direction. The attracting layer will experience and include attracting more magnetic flux from the magnetic pole. Each magnetic pole pair of the rotor moves the magnetic field and guides the magnetic flux through the winding and itself. Therefore, the magnetic characteristics of the best attracting layer should include low saturation during use. Danger, low hysteresis loss, and low eddy current (referred to as Foucah flow in some countries). All kinds of •• soft " magnetic substances can satisfy these characteristics. The soft iron system is applicable, but its magnetic permeability is not as good as the selection below, and its cost is also an important factor. As shown in Figure 3, the best attraction layer is from the outside of the center of the stator, and the tight spiral section of the iron tape wrapped around itself (such as the coil of the recording cassette) -11-This paper size is suitable for China Standard Falcon (CNS) A4 specification (2I0X297mm) ---------------.- ST ------ ^ · (please listen to the precautions on the back of Jing Jing before filling in this Page) 303673 A 7 B7 Economy · The Central Bureau of Standards and Staff's Consumer Cooperative Printed 5. Instructions for Invention (9). The best steel is a transformer steel lamination, which may include a thin insulating layer. The spiral can be automatically wound by a simple winding operation. The stator mold may include recesses to press fit and fix the spiral at a controllable distance from the motor windings. The number of steel coils selected will occupy a considerable space, or the magnet will be pressed into the plastic matrix during molding; in this way, the magnetic expansion and contraction noise can be firmly fixed and eliminated. The attraction layer can form the basic material of the stator, but it must have sufficient inherent strength. In use, the attraction layer should have sufficient magnets to prevent saturation of the attraction layer. The magnet layer 1 of the rotor is used to complete the magnetic circuit as shown in Figure 4, and this layer is only subjected to the static magnetic field β. Therefore, this layer is the best material for the soft layer and soft steel than the attraction layer; especially when subjected to centrifugal force For sure. The attracting layer with a narrower magnetic flux than the magnet flows from the winding end to a place where no useful torsion occurs " concentration " In terms of winding inductance, this reduces the effective length of the winding. Winding Conductive winding, surname ~ column. 丄 are usually divided into three groups (2 〇2, 2 Q.3, 2..0 4), and placed on the surface of one of the stator / solid dish and the rotor one On the ring magnet on the surface, permanent magnet poles are established with special magnetized areas (such as 1 〇3, 1 〇4 arrangement). The configuration of the fixed winding is to avoid the transmission of power in the required wiping contact mode. Although more or a few phases are available, for simplicity and low cost, a three-phase drive is best for brushless DC motors (BDCM). The optimal motor winding is wound in a three-phase configuration, which can be connected in a star or two-corner configuration depending on the winding excitation method or to maintain three independent windings. Although other techniques such as sheet stamping or printed circuit preparation techniques can be used, winding is still best with copper wire winding-the best winding configuration is shown in Figure-12- CNS M4 specification (210X297mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page).
A 經濟部中央樣準局負工消费合作社印製 A7 ________ B7 _____五、發明説明（10 ) 2所示，根據203之花瓣形狀（以一相位之一圈表示之）’ 其中沿半徑經過之任何已激勵之繞組部份會產生可與自磁 極射出之磁通相交之磁場，以及内外周邊（如206 )係相連 接。假設三相位，各相位之繞組係偏置120 /極數度。在圖 4中，202 ’ 203，及204係説明繞組進行中之三相位--斧 .相位以五個成一組代表線截面之圏表示。 下述係參照圖6及圖8説明8 -極馬達靜子繞组之 "RYNITE"模製支架。如前述，使用支架可使線圈以機具 纏繞，以使線圈露於空氣中（使其冷卻）；這樣，即能比線 圈密封與不易擴散歐姆損失及/或渦流損失產生之熱量而 獲得更多之功率。..而且，製漆時所用材料少，蜂馬達價廉 ..... 〜、-.... .且重量輕β 圖6中係自背後説明支架之一部份。環形吸引層係置於 腔606中；可遮蓋支架之各24指形件601—部份。指形件 係突出以供繞组纏繞之用。導線係佔據肋間之空隙，而非 佔據如在602處之中間部份。該中間部份可作鼓動空氣冷 卻流體通路用之裝置。（圖5及圖8中挺例之尺寸皆係英寸） 〇 圖8所示係沿圖6下方線段Α-Α'截取之完整支架截面圖 。該支架係以軸線802爲中心作徑向對稱。繞組應自突出 部份601 (外方）繞向602 (内方）。前述以305說明之吸引層 (包括盤纏之帶）係位在空間606之中。繞組與吸引層分離 約1_5 mm。吸引層以安裝在另一塑膠碟上爲最佳，線圈 支架可固定於該碟上及該碟係包括一對球軸承或相似者， ____- 13-_ 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家榡车（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐) ~ ' — -HI n - -I I n I I 1^1 m n n I »^1 T I I I n n 0¾ ，v8-,.—. (讀先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ________B7__ 五、發明説明（11 ) 以支律轉子軸及使其自由旋轉。該另一碟即圖7中701所 示之蓋板。在圖中另一側提供馬達軸軸承106用之外殼。 蓋板係包括通風孔707及安裝孔706 ;也包括進手孔705以 供無電刷直流電馬達（BDCMs)採用霍爾效應感應器感測旋 轉時之用。.711包括作導線終蟑用之塑膠衮出件。 爲使用以建立扭力之繞组激勵依序進行，最好係具有固 態開關之控制器。該控制器通常係用於無電刷直流馬達系 統及熟悉此相關技藝者，以及藉霍爾效應或磁力感應器， 光學感應器可同步於旋轉位置：恨以感應在無激勵繞組運 動時產生之反電動勢爲最佳。包括追蹤之各種應用可使用 如霍爾效應之磁力感應器。^係説明供三具磁力感應器 安裝之槽縫503，504，505。ή/係説明在蓋板中之進手 槽縫705。此係説明適於6 0設定時之感應器配置，感應器 可置於適於120設定時之槽缝中。 外殼 雖然此型馬達可如洗衣機一樣係具有一體成形之外殼， 但以具有可抵柷外物之獨立外殼爲最佳，因此圓柱形馬達 之結構可使靜子與轉子間具有相當大之空隙，以及具有如 洗滌機操作中不能超過之游隙。 範例馬達之詳述 轉子係包括直徑約115 mm之鋼背板，及在其"磁力表面 -鄰近銅線繞组之表面--載有刻印8 _極之8 H級锶鐵環^ 磁鐵。該磁鐵可在工廠内或黏妥後激勵。 繞組係以0.63 mm漆包銅線，每椏]2圈，共96圈方式 -14 -_ 本“浪尺度適用中國國家標隼（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公廣）"'-- --------.—家------ΐτ------^ ^ (请先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央揉隼局貝工消費合作社印製 A 7 ---______B7_ 五、發明説明（12 ) — -一·— 纏繞之三相位繞組，線間電阻爲32〇微歐姆。繞組係採全 遮蓋技術，也可採用半遮蓋技術。 ° ” 一範例馬達中之吸引層係包括呈錶用發條形式緊密盤旋 之碎鋼帶。該帶寬5 ，厚0.4靜及長吟3〇圈。盤旋 .之外毯爲1〇6 m m，及内徑爲7 5 mm。#前述绩組特徵以 及馬達性能詳細説明--反電動勢係每千轉9伏及耘力係數 爲每安培0.086 Nm--知磁場係實用之磁場。 ..... ....... 優點 根據本發明之碟型無電刷直流馬達，包括在靜子中之鐵 背或吸引層’之優點（但不僅限於此）係： (1 )更佳之扭力係數’使已知一定量之永久磁性物質產 生有更多磁通’及磁通以更垂直之方向與繞組相交 ，更大之效益，需少量繞組用導線即得—（定之扭力 係數；已知一定量之永久磁性物質； (2)更谷易構造，係因靜子及繞組皆有（至少可選擇）堅 硬之金屬基座：及 (3 )較具有磁性物質環繞繞組之馬達更具電氣特性。 工業利益 本實例之工業利益係包括最價廉及有效率，馬達因係開 放式結構及組件少而容易組合，以及易操作。 暸解實例後’精於此技藝者可在本發明範圍以内作更進 一步之變化。 最後應暸解，在不超越本發明範圍下，可對前述作各種 其他替換或修改。 _- 15- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家梂準（CNS ) Α4規格（210 X 297公釐） ' ' (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} -裝A Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Samples, and Consumer Cooperatives A7 ________ B7 _____ V. Description of the invention (10) 2 According to the shape of the petals of 203 (represented by a circle of one phase) 'which passes along the radius Any excited winding part will generate a magnetic field that can intersect the magnetic flux emitted from the magnetic pole, and the inner and outer periphery (such as 206) are connected. Assuming three phases, the windings of each phase are offset by 120 per pole degree. In Fig. 4, 202 '203, and 204 illustrate the three phases of the winding in progress-the axe. The phases are represented by five coils representing a line cross section. The " RYNITE " molded bracket of the 8-pole motor stator winding will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 8. As mentioned above, the use of a bracket allows the coil to be wound with a tool to expose the coil to the air (to cool it); in this way, more heat can be obtained than the heat generated by the coil seal and the non-diffusible ohmic loss and / or eddy current loss power. .. Moreover, the materials used in the paint are less, the bee motor is cheap ..... ~, -.... and light weight β. Figure 6 shows part of the bracket from the back. The ring-shaped attraction layer is placed in the cavity 606; it can cover each part of the 24 fingers 601 of the bracket. The fingers protrude for winding. The wire occupies the space between the ribs, not the middle part as at 602. The middle part can be used as a device for agitating the air cooling fluid passage. (The sizes of the examples in Figures 5 and 8 are in inches.) Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the complete bracket taken along the line A-A 'at the bottom of Figure 6. The bracket is radially symmetrical about the axis 802. The winding should be wound from the protruding part 601 (outside) to 602 (inside). The aforementioned attraction layer (including the coiled belt) described at 305 is located in the space 606. The winding is separated from the attraction layer by approximately 1_5 mm. The attraction layer is best to be installed on another plastic disc. The coil bracket can be fixed on the disc and the disc system includes a pair of ball bearings or the like. ____- 13-_ This paper wave standard is applicable to China National Car (CNS) ) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) ~ '— -HI n--II n II 1 ^ 1 mnn I »^ 1 TIII nn 0¾, v8-, .—. (Read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) A7 ________B7__ printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy V. Description of the invention (11) The rotor shaft is controlled and free to rotate. The other dish is the cover shown at 701 in FIG. 7. A housing for the motor shaft bearing 106 is provided on the other side of the figure. The cover plate includes ventilation holes 707 and mounting holes 706; it also includes access holes 705 for brushless DC motors (BDCMs) using Hall effect sensors to sense rotation. .711 includes a plastic gang out used as a wire end cockroach. In order to use the winding excitation to establish the torque in sequence, it is best to have a controller with solid state switches. The controller is usually used in brushless DC motor systems and those who are familiar with this related art, and by the Hall effect or magnetic sensor, the optical sensor can be synchronized with the rotation position: hate to sense the reverse generated when the winding is not excited. The electromotive force is the best. Various applications including tracking can use magnetic sensors such as the Hall effect. ^ Describes the slots 503, 504, 505 for the installation of three magnetic sensors. ή / Describes the entry slot 705 in the cover. This is a description of the sensor configuration suitable for the 60 setting. The sensor can be placed in a slot suitable for the 120 setting. Shell Although this type of motor can have an integrally formed shell like a washing machine, it is best to have an independent shell that can resist foreign objects, so the structure of the cylindrical motor allows a considerable gap between the stator and the rotor, and It has a play that cannot be exceeded during washing machine operation. Detailed description of the example motor The rotor consists of a steel backing plate with a diameter of approximately 115 mm, and on its " magnetic surface-the surface adjacent to the copper wire windings-carrying 8 H grade strontium iron ring ^ magnets engraved with 8_poles. The magnet can be excited in the factory or after it is glued. The winding is made of 0.63 mm enamelled copper wire, 2 turns per frame], 96 turns in total -14 -_ This "wave scale is applicable to China National Standard Falcon (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 public) " '-- -------.-- home ------ lsτ ------ ^ ^ (please read the notes on the back first and then fill out this page) Printed by Beigong Consumer Cooperative, Central Falcon Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs System A 7 ---______ B7_ V. Description of the invention (12) —-One · — Three-phase winding of the winding, the resistance between the wires is 32〇 micro-ohm. The winding adopts full covering technology, or semi-covering technology can also be used. ° ” The attraction layer in an example motor includes a broken steel belt tightly coiled in the form of a clockwork spring. The bandwidth is 5, the thickness is 0.4 Jing and the Chang Yin is 30 circles. Circling. The outer blanket is 106 mm and the inner diameter is 75 mm. #The aforementioned performance group characteristics and detailed description of the motor performance--back electromotive force system is 9 volts per thousand revolutions and the coefficient of force is 0.086 Nm per ampere--knowing that the magnetic field is a practical magnetic field. .......... Advantages The dish-type brushless DC motor according to the present invention includes the iron back or the attraction layer in the stator (but not limited thereto): (1) The torque coefficient 'makes a certain amount of permanent magnetic material produce more magnetic flux' and the magnetic flux intersects the winding in a more vertical direction. For greater benefit, a small amount of wire for the winding is required-(fixed torque coefficient; already Know a certain amount of permanent magnetic substance; (2) easier to construct, because the stator and the winding have (at least optional) a hard metal base: and (3) have more electrical characteristics than a motor with a magnetic substance surrounding the winding Industrial Benefits The industrial benefits of this example include the cheapest and most efficient. The motor is easy to combine due to the open structure and few components, and it is easy to operate. After understanding the example, those skilled in this art can make it within the scope of the present invention. Further changes. Finally, it should be understood that various other replacements or modifications can be made to the foregoing without exceeding the scope of the invention. _- 15- This paper scale is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) Α4 specifications (210 X 297 PCT) '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-installed