經濟部中央橾準局負工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（（） 本發明係為一種内建輸入濾波級之雙開關順向電力轉 換器，尤指一種適用於較高直流電壓（約3 0 0伏特）及 中低功眾（約3 0 0瓦特）場合之雙開關順向電力轉換器 •而可改善傳統電力轉換器高頻諧波問題者。 對於現今3 0 0伏特直流輸入電壓之電力轉換器而論 •一般均使用半橋式、全橋式或傳統雙開關順向電力轉換 ' 器，捅雙開關順向電力轉換器由於配置有電感元件之特性 下*可免除半橋式、全橋式電力轉換器之兩串聯開關元件 (電晶體）同時導通所造成之大電流與元件燒毀問題|故 有著較佳的穩定性及可靠度（reliability) *且其構造簡單 、成本低廉之特性•故而普遍應用做為3 0 0瓦特以下之 電力轉換產品中•雖此等型式之電力轉換器有前述各項優 點存在，然其工作期間則有相當程度的高頻諧波（雜訊） 產生，而無法適用於低雜訊旳產品上（諸如空中通訊或水 下聲納接收裝備），以下即概略就構造說明之。 如第六A圍所示，傳統的雙開關順向電力轉換器之構 造上•為以一變壓器（T)、兩開關元件（SI) ( S 2 )、兩箝位二極體（Del) (Dc2)以及連接在變壓 器（T )次級繞組上之二極體（D 1 ) ( D 2 )、濾波電 感器（L)、濾波電容器（C)以及負載（R)所共同組 成|而該兩開關元件（SI) (S2)之閘極為連接至習 知之振盪控制器上•以供應該兩開關（S 1 ) ( S 2 )所 箱之振盪訊號，惟此振盪控制器並非說明重點，故在此省 -3- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇Χ 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝A7 B7 printed by the Negative Work Consumer Cooperative of the Central Ministry of Economic Affairs. V. Description of the invention (()) The present invention is a dual-switch forward power converter with a built-in input filter stage, especially a type suitable for higher DC voltages ( (Approximately 300 volts) and low-medium power (approximately 300 watts) dual-switch forward power converters • Those who can improve the high-frequency harmonic problems of traditional power converters. For today ’s 300 volt DC input In terms of voltage power converters • Half-bridge, full-bridge or traditional dual-switch forward power converters are generally used. Poke double-switch forward power converters due to the characteristics of inductive components * can eliminate the half-bridge -Type, full-bridge power converters with two series switching elements (transistors) turned on at the same time caused by large current and component burn-out problem | Therefore, it has better stability and reliability (reliability) * And its simple structure and low cost Characteristics • Therefore, it is generally used as a power conversion product below 300 watts • Although these types of power converters have the aforementioned advantages, they have a considerable degree during their operation. Frequency harmonics (noise) are generated and cannot be applied to low noise products (such as air communication or underwater sonar receiving equipment), the following is a brief description of the structure. As shown in the sixth A circumference, the traditional The structure of the dual-switch forward power converter is to use a transformer (T), two switching elements (SI) (S 2), two clamp diodes (Del) (Dc2) and connected to the transformer (T) times The diode (D 1) (D 2), the filter inductor (L), the filter capacitor (C) and the load (R) on the winding of the first stage are combined together. The gate of the two switching elements (SI) (S2) It is extremely connected to the conventional oscillation controller to supply the oscillation signals of the two switches (S 1) (S 2), but this oscillation controller is not the focus of explanation, so it is used in this paper. China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (21〇Χ 297mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -install
'•IT 經濟部中央標隼局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（Ί/ )'• Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Standard Falcon Bureau Beigong Consumer Cooperative A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (Ί /)
略而未予繪出•而在此電路之兩端則加入一直流電源（V I N)之際•即可經外接之振盪控制器之振盪訊號使兩開 關元件（SI) (S2)同時導通或同時截止，以使變壓 器.（T )之初級繞組位置產生罨流通斷效果，故可在變壓 器（T)之次級繞組上獲得一較低之感應電壓，經二極體 (D 1 ) (D2)與濾波電感器（L)及濾波電容器（C )進苟整流濾波後，即提供負載（R)—穩定之直流電力 者。 而以上述構造及工作原理可知，其輸入電流（I i η )為呈現如第六Β圜之脈衝型態，惟此等脈衝式輸入電流 之變化下，即在波形垂直部份即產生極高頻之諧波•經傅 利葉轉換後之頻率響應·即呈現如第六C圖所示，除了在 基本振盪頻率（ΙΟΟΚΗζ)以外，更有著其他各次諧 波（雜P )存在，如此，即導致相當程度的傳導及幅射電 磁干擾問題，此舉，即對低雜訊干擾之場合顯然無法適用 ，且在現今要求高功率密度（即單位面積之輸出功率數） 之趨勢下•除了使用更新的元件包裝技術（如SMT或厚 膜混合技術）之外，更為達縮小變壓器體稹、縮小濾波電 感器及電容器體樓（降低使用之電感値及容量値），僅能 朝更高的工作頻率發展，尤使前述雜訊問題更趨惡化，根 本無法適用於前述空中通訊或水下聲納檢測裝置上。 雖針對上述雜訊干擾問題，亦有人思及外加一濾波電 路於電路中，以使輸入電流整形為非脈衝型態與達到抑制 -4 - 本紙張又度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ---------i------IT------ii (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Not shown in detail. • When a DC power supply (VIN) is added to both ends of this circuit • the two switching elements (SI) (S2) can be turned on or simultaneously through the oscillation signal of the external oscillation controller Cut-off, so that the primary winding position of the transformer. (T) has a flow-off effect, so a lower induced voltage can be obtained on the secondary winding of the transformer (T), through the diode (D 1) (D2) After rectifying and filtering with the filtering inductor (L) and the filtering capacitor (C), it provides the load (R)-stable DC power. According to the above-mentioned structure and working principle, the input current (I i η) is in a pulse pattern like the sixth B-circumstance. However, under the change of these pulsed input currents, an extremely high value is generated in the vertical part of the waveform Frequency harmonics • The frequency response after Fourier transform • is shown in Figure 6C. In addition to the fundamental oscillation frequency (ΙΟΟΚΗζ), there are other harmonics (miscellaneous P), which leads to A considerable degree of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference problems, this move, which is obviously not applicable to low noise interference occasions, and in the current trend of requiring high power density (ie, the number of output power per unit area) • In addition to the use of newer In addition to component packaging technology (such as SMT or thick film hybrid technology), it can further reduce the size of transformers, filter inductors and capacitors (reduce the inductance and capacity values used), and can only move towards higher operating frequencies. The development, especially the aggravation of the aforementioned noise problem, cannot be applied to the aforementioned air communication or underwater sonar detection devices. Despite the above noise interference problem, some people think of adding a filter circuit to the circuit to make the input current shaping non-pulse type and achieve suppression -4-This paper is also applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ( 210X297mm) --------- i ------ IT ------ ii (please read the notes on the back before filling this page)
經濟部中央揉準局男工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明（}) 各次諧波強度與降低雜訊之效果，然此等外加之方式僅屬 治標的做法*且輸入濾波器與電力轉換器之間的阻抗匹配 問題則可能導致電力轉換器之轉換效率降低或衍生其他問 題。 有鑒於此，亦有發展出所謂的交錯式順向電力轉換器 •透過兩組同頻率且相差1 8 0度之電力轉換器並聯連接 •使4§電流中的交流成份（漣波）可藉上述相位差而抵消 掉，搛以解決電流漣波之問題，然而此等構造需以兩組電 力轉換器構成 > 即有電路過於複雜與成本過高之缺點，充 其量僅適用於3 0 0瓦特以上的產品較符合經濟原則，是 以，尋求一結構簡單、成本低廉且雜訊低之電力轉換器即 為一刻不容緩的問題。 故本發明人鑑於前述傳統各式雙開關順向電力轉換器 之缺點乃經悉心地試驗與研究並一本鍥而不捨之發明精神 ，終發明出一種内建輸入濾波器之雙開關順向電力轉換器 ，主要為改良傳統雙開關順向電力轉換器之構造，而仍保 有結構簡單、成本低廉之特性外，更巧妙地運用交錯式耦 合電容器以及將變壓器之初級線圈區分為四組等圈數之獨 立繞組，而可在開關元件呈截止之狀態下，令電力轉換器 内部形成一等效於輸入濾波器之特性，使得輸入電流可呈 現類似於正弦波之平緩變化•據以解決高頻諧波者。 本發明之主要目的在於提供一種内建輸入濾波器之雙 開關順向電力轉換器，如前述 > 將變壓器之初級線圈區分 (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝_ ,ιτ 線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（y") 為四組等圈數之獨立繞組，並兩兩成對串接1而在成對之 繞組中以兩耦合電容器與之交錯連接，此等構造變化，即 可在開關元件於截止狀態下，得藉兩耦合電容器與迴路中 所形成之雜散電感、變壓器之漏感所構成之輸入電感器間 形成一輸入側之L C濾波器，而可有效地濾除電流ON、 0 F F之突波，獲致消除各次高頻諧波者。 名發明之次一目的在於提供一種内建輸入濾波器之雙 開關順向電力轉換器，其中該電力轉換器中更設置有兩箝 位二極體，此兩箝位二極體更可巧妙地在兩開關元件呈截 止狀態下，限制兩開關元件之端電壓僅為輸入電壓之數値 ，如此，使得開關元件無需使用高耐壓規格者，有著降低 成本之功效。 本發明之又一目的在於提供一種内建輸入濾波器之雙 開關順向電力轉換器，其中該交錯式連接之兩耦合電容器 在電力轉換器之操作期閭更提供適當的能量儲存及釋放功 能，更有改善轉換效率之優點。 為使黃審查委員能進一步瞭解本發明之結構，特徵 及其他目的|玆附以圖式詳細說明如后： (一）·圖式部份： 第一A、B、C圖：係本發明之電路圖、輸入電流波形圖 以及頻譜分析圖。 第二團：係本發明之各部位之電壓、電流波形示惹圜。 第三A〜E圜：係本發明之各操作時段之等效電路圖。 -6 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） I--------1------IT------.it (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消費合作杜印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（f ) 第四圖：係本發明之實際試驗之各部位波形示意_ ° 第五圔：係本發明於不同輸入電壓及不同輸出電流狀態下 之效率比較圖。 第六A〜C圈：係傳統雙開關順向電力轉換器之電路圔、 輸入電流波形以及頻譜分析圖。 (二）.圜號部份： (T4變慝器 （S 1 ) ( S 2 )開關元件 (Del) ( D c 2 ) ( D c ) (Dv)箝位二極體 (D 1 ) (D2)二極體 （L)濾波電感器 (C)濾波電容器 （R)負載電阻 (C 1 ) (C2)耦合電容器（LP1〜4)初級繞組 (L S 1 )次級繞組 （L i η )等效電感器 如第一圖所示，本發明之改良式雙開關順向電力轉換 器之構造上，使用之變壓器為採用具有四組獨立之初級繞 組（LP1)〜（LP4)與一組次級繞組（LSI)者 (以0.5:0·5:0·5:0·5:Ν之比値繞製而 成），且亦可由四個或二個相同的變壓器組成而成，而連 接在該次級繞組（L S 1 )後方為與前述第六圖之傳統電 力轉換器相同，同為連接有順向二極體（D 1 )、飛輪二 極體（D2)、濾波電感器（L)及濾波電容器（C)， 以供應負載電阻（R )使用，而該四組初級繞組（L Ρ 1 )〜（LP 4)概為兩兩相反方向串接之型態，並再與輸 入電源（V i η)並聯達接，其中，第一、第二初級繞組 -7- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐） ---------參-- (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、1Τ 線 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消費合作杜印製 A7 B7 五、發明说明（A ) (LP1) (LP2)之間則串接兩開關元件（S1)( S 2 )，而第三、第四初級繞組（LP3) (LP4)之 間則串接一箝位二極體（D c )，而在該兩開關元件（S 1). (S2)之中點與該箝位二極體（Dc)之陰極之間 則跨接另一箝位二極體（Dv)，更以兩耦合電容器（C 1) (C2)交錯方式連接於前述四組初級繞組（LP1 - )，-一（L P 4)之間，此外，於電路中之電路板佈局雜散 電感、變屋器漏感即以串接於輸入電源（V i η)位置上 之等效電感（L i η)表示（若有需要亦可採用外加式電 感器彌補），而上述電路構造之特色為在於：可藉由該兩 交錯連接型式之耦合電容器（Cl) (C2)在開關元件 (s 1 ) (S 2)呈截止狀態時吸收掉雜散電感所產生之 能量（濾波作用），並可轉換為可供負載使用•如此，可 藉前述濾波作用達到避免電流突波問題外，更有提昇轉換 效率之優點，而經以上述構造設計下•透過内部之濾波作 用，輸入電流之波形可轉變為如第一 Β圈所示之正弦波平 緩變化而無任何突波之型態，並配合如第一 C圖之頻譜分 析圖可知，除了在工作頻率（ΙΟΟΚΗζ)以外.在其 他頻率並無任何諧波產生·即為一符合低雜訊要求之雙開 關順向電力轉換器者。 關於本發明電路之工作原埋，可配合參看第二圖之相 關部位之波形示意圖所示，以下即以一周期由T 0〜T 4 之五種工作模式說明之，而第二圈之VG S為表示兩開關 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） .... 裝 訂 备· (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 3u6G^2 B7 五、發明説明（？） 元件（SI) (S2)之閘/源極電壓，此電壓為由外接 之振盪控制器供應振遢之方波，VD S 1、VD S 2為表 示兩開關元件（SI) (S 2)之汲/源極間之端電壓値 • I i η表示輸入電流•而其餘則依序為表示箝位二極體 (Dc)之電流/電壓（IDc/VDc)、耦合電容器 (C 1 ) (C2)之電壓/電流（VC1) ( V C 2 )( I C-4 ) (IC2)以及四組初級繞組之各別的電流狀態 〇 (1)Τ〇〜T1 :可同時配合參看第三A圖之等效電路圖所示 ，在T C時，由於受到外部振盪控制器送入之高電位之V GS電壓之故，兩開關元件（SI) (S2)同時導通· 故輸入電源（Vi η)可經等效電感（Li η)、第一初 級繞組（L Ρ 1 )、兩導通之開關元件（S 1 ) ( S 2 ) (圖面以導線表示）及第二初級繞組（L Ρ 2 )形成供應 迴路，據以使次級繞組（L S 1 )產生感應電壓，驅使順 向二極體（D1)導通、飛輪二極體（D2)截止，故可 令能量遞送至負載電阻（R )上，達到供電之效果。 除了上述主迴路之外，更有兩組如圖面位在内圏位置 之寅線及虛線之環形電流迴路所示，以C 1 — S 1 — S 2 —LP2 — LP3 與 C2 — LP4 — LP 1 — S 1 — S2 兩組迴路可將先前儲存在兩耦合電容（Cl) (C2)中 之能量經各初級繞組（L Ρ 1 )〜（L Ρ 4 )亦釋放至負 載電阻（R)上•如此即具有提昇轉變效率之功效，而此 * 9 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐） __裝 訂 备 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（y ) 時·該箝位二極體（Dc)之寄生電容（CD)電壓則上 昇至2V i η，並且在此週期内皆保持固定。Printed by the Male Workers ’Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economics of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (}) The intensity of each harmonic and the effect of reducing noise, but these additional methods are only measures to cure the symptoms * and input filters and power conversion The impedance matching problem between the converters may cause the conversion efficiency of the power converter to decrease or cause other problems. In view of this, so-called interleaved forward power converters have also been developed • connected in parallel through two sets of power converters with the same frequency and a difference of 180 degrees • making the AC component (ripple) in 4§ current available The above-mentioned phase difference is offset to solve the problem of current ripple. However, these structures need to be composed of two sets of power converters. That is, the circuit is too complicated and the cost is too high. At best, it is only suitable for 300 watts The above products are more in line with economic principles. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to seek a power converter with simple structure, low cost and low noise. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the aforementioned conventional dual-switch forward power converters, the inventors have carefully tested and researched a persistent spirit of invention, and finally invented a dual-switch forward power converter with built-in input filters , Mainly to improve the structure of the traditional dual-switch forward power converter, while still maintaining the characteristics of simple structure and low cost, more clever use of interleaved coupling capacitors and the division of the primary coil of the transformer into four sets of equal turns Winding, and when the switching element is turned off, the power converter is formed with a characteristic equivalent to the input filter, so that the input current can exhibit a gentle change similar to a sine wave. According to the solution of high-frequency harmonics . The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dual-switch forward power converter with a built-in input filter, as described above> to distinguish the primary coil of the transformer (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ιτ The size of the line paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297mm). The A7 B7 is printed by the Consumer Labor Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. The description of the invention (y ") is four sets of equal turns of independent windings. Connect them in series in pairs and connect them with two coupling capacitors in the paired windings. These structural changes can be formed by the two coupling capacitors and the loop when the switching element is in the off state. The input inductor formed by the stray inductance and the leakage inductance of the transformer forms an LC filter on the input side, which can effectively filter out the surges of the current ON and 0 FF, resulting in the elimination of each high-frequency harmonic. The second object of the invention is to provide a dual-switch forward power converter with a built-in input filter, wherein the power converter is further provided with two clamp diodes, and the two clamp diodes can be more skillfully When the two switching elements are in the off state, the terminal voltage of the two switching elements is limited to the number of the input voltage, so that the switching elements do not need to use high withstand voltage specifications, which has the effect of reducing costs. Another object of the present invention is to provide a dual-switch forward power converter with a built-in input filter, wherein the two coupling capacitors connected in an interleaved manner provide proper energy storage and release functions during the operation of the power converter. It also has the advantage of improving conversion efficiency. In order to allow the Huang Examiner to further understand the structure, features and other purposes of the present invention | attached drawings are described in detail as follows: (1) · Part of the drawings: the first A, B, and C drawings: the invention Circuit diagram, input current waveform diagram and spectrum analysis diagram. The second group: the voltage and current waveforms of various parts of the present invention are annoying. The third A ~ E: the equivalent circuit diagram of each operation period of the present invention. -6-This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) I--------1------IT------.it (please read the back first Please pay attention to this page and then fill out this page.) A7 B7 is printed by the Beicong Consumer Cooperation Department of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economy. V. Description of the invention (f) The fourth figure: the waveform of each part of the actual test of the present invention_ ° Fifth 圔: It is the efficiency comparison chart of the present invention under different input voltage and different output current states. Sixth circle A ~ C: It is the circuit diagram, input current waveform and spectrum analysis diagram of the traditional dual-switch forward power converter. (二). The part of the number: (T4 transformer (S 1) (S 2) switching element (Del) (D c 2) (D c) (Dv) clamp diode (D 1) (D2 ) Diode (L) filter inductor (C) filter capacitor (R) load resistance (C 1) (C2) coupling capacitor (LP1 ~ 4) primary winding (LS 1) secondary winding (L i η) equivalent The inductor is shown in the first picture. In the structure of the improved dual-switch forward power converter of the present invention, the transformer is used with four independent primary windings (LP1) ~ (LP4) and one secondary winding (LSI) (wound at a ratio of 0.5: 0 · 5: 0 · 5: 0 · 5: Ν), and can also be made up of four or two identical transformers, which are connected at this time The back of the primary winding (LS 1) is the same as the traditional power converter in the sixth figure above, and is connected with a forward diode (D 1), a flywheel diode (D2), a filter inductor (L) and a filter The capacitor (C) is used to supply the load resistance (R), and the four sets of primary windings (LP 1) ~ (LP 4) are all connected in series in opposite directions, and then connected to the input power supply (V i η) Connected in parallel, where, first, Two primary windings-7- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X 297mm) --------- see-- (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) , 1T Line Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Industry and Commerce, Beigong Consumer Printing Co., Ltd. A7 B7. V. Description of invention (A) (LP1) (LP2) Two switching elements (S1) (S2) are connected in series, and the third 、 A clamp diode (D c) is connected in series between the fourth primary winding (LP3) (LP4), and the midpoint of the two switching elements (S 1). (S2) and the clamp diode Between the cathode of the body (Dc), another clamp diode (Dv) is connected, and it is connected to the aforementioned four sets of primary windings (LP1-) in a staggered manner with two coupling capacitors (C 1) (C2). (LP 4), in addition, the stray inductance of the circuit board layout in the circuit and the leakage inductance of the transformer are expressed by the equivalent inductance (L i η) connected in series at the position of the input power supply (V i η) ( If necessary, external inductors can be used to make up), and the above circuit structure is characterized by: the coupling capacitor (Cl) (C2) of the two interleaved connection types can be used in the switching element (s 1) (S 2) Cut off Absorb the energy generated by the stray inductance (filtering effect) in the state, and can be converted to be used by the load. In this way, the above-mentioned filtering effect can be used to avoid the problem of current surge and improve the conversion efficiency. Under the above structure design • Through the internal filtering function, the input current waveform can be transformed into a sine wave as shown in the first B circle, which changes smoothly without any surge, and cooperates with the spectrum analysis as shown in the first C chart It can be seen from the figure that except at the operating frequency (ΙΟΟΚΗζ), no harmonics are generated at other frequencies. That is, a dual-switch forward power converter that meets the requirements of low noise. For the operation of the circuit of the present invention, please refer to the waveform diagram of the relevant part of the second figure. The following is described in one cycle from five working modes of T 0 to T 4. The VG S of the second circle To indicate two switches-8- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) .... Binding preparation (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A7 3u6G ^ 2 B7 5 2. Description of the invention (?) The gate / source voltage of the component (SI) (S2). This voltage is the square wave supplied by the external oscillation controller. VD S1 and VD S2 represent the two switching elements (SI ) (S 2) terminal voltage value between the drain and the source • I i η represents the input current • and the rest are in order the current / voltage (IDc / VDc) of the clamping diode (Dc) and the coupling capacitor (C 1) (C2) Voltage / current (VC1) (VC 2) (I C-4) (IC2) and the current status of each of the four sets of primary windings 〇 (1) Τ〇 ~ T1: can be coordinated at the same time Refer to the equivalent circuit diagram of the third diagram A. At TC, due to the high potential V GS voltage sent by the external oscillation controller, the two switching elements SI) (S2) is turned on at the same time. Therefore, the input power (Vi η) can pass through the equivalent inductance (Li η), the first primary winding (L Ρ 1), and the two conducting switching elements (S 1) (S 2) (Figure The surface is represented by a wire) and the second primary winding (LP 2) forms a supply loop, based on which the secondary winding (LS 1) generates an induced voltage, driving the forward diode (D1) to conduct and the flywheel diode (D2) ) Is cut off, so energy can be delivered to the load resistance (R) to achieve the effect of power supply. In addition to the above-mentioned main loop, there are two more sets of loop current loops as shown in the surface of the inner line and the dashed line of the inner circle, with C 1 — S 1 — S 2 — LP2 — LP3 and C2 — LP4 — LP 1 — S 1 — S2 The two sets of circuits can release the energy previously stored in the two coupling capacitors (Cl) (C2) to the load resistance (R) through each primary winding (L Ρ 1) ~ (L Ρ 4) • This has the effect of improving transformation efficiency, and this * 9-This paper standard is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X 297mm) __ binding equipment (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Beigong Consumer Cooperative printed by the Ministry of Economics, Central Bureau of Standards, Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed A7 B7. 5. Description of invention (y) · The parasitic capacitance (CD) voltage of the clamp diode It rises to 2V i η and stays fixed during this period.
⑵Τ 1 — Τ 2 :如第三Β圔所示，在周期Τ 1時，開關元件 (S 1 ) (S 2)均受到外部振邏控制器停止送入觸發信 號而截止，然而受到次級端之濾波電感器（L)電流反射 回變壓器之電流置（Ι〇/Ν)，即對該兩開關元件（S 1) -(S2)之雜散電容（CS1) (CS2)進行充電 ，當兩開關元件（SI) (S2)之總電壓達到Vi η値 時，為如第二C圖所示，令順向二極體（D 1 )截止，飛 輪二極體（D2)呈導通，此一階段為延續至Τ2，而該 前述進行放電之兩電容器（Cl) (C 2)此時即呈完全 放電狀態，而流經第三、第四初級繞組（LP3) ( L Ρ 4 )之電流則降至零。⑵T 1 — Τ 2: As shown in the third B, during the period T 1, the switching elements (S 1) (S 2) are stopped by the external vibration logic controller to stop sending the trigger signal, but are blocked by the secondary side The filter inductor (L) current is reflected back to the transformer current setting (Ι〇 / Ν), that is to charge the stray capacitance (CS1) (CS2) of the two switching elements (S 1)-(S2), when the two When the total voltage of the switching element (SI) (S2) reaches Vi η, as shown in the second C diagram, the forward diode (D 1) is turned off, and the flywheel diode (D2) is turned on. The phase continues to Τ2, and the two capacitors (Cl) (C 2) that were previously discharged are now fully discharged, and the current flowing through the third and fourth primary windings (LP3) (LP4) Down to zero.
⑶Τ 2 — Τ 3 :如第三C S所亍·茌此段區間，兩耦合電容 器（Cl) (C2)分別經由 L i n — LPl—Cl— L P3與L i n — LP4 — C2 — LP2兩迴路開始充電· 而跨在變壓器兩兩繞組（LP1) (LP3)以及（LP 2) (LP4)的電壓由於極性相反故相互抵消，此時， 該等效電感器（Li η)即與耦合電容器（Cl) ( C 2 )間構成濾波迴路，故而可對主迴路進行濾波作業，因此 可達到降低輸入電流漣波與消除霉流突波之抑制雜訊的效 果。 此外，該兩已充電之耦合電容器（c 1) (C2)之 -1 0 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） I--------^------、訂------.ii (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（▽) 端電壓均為v i η，此時，亦配合參看第三C圈所示，兩 箝位二極體（Dc) (Dv)均呈導通（短路）狀態，故 而使得兩開關元件（S 1 ) ( S 2 )之端電壓僅在相同於 輸入電壓（Vi η)之位準，因此，該兩開關元件（S1 )(S2)無需如傳統方式必須使用2倍於輸入電壓之高 耐壓規格者*更有適當降低元件成本之優黠。 -⑷Τ3—Τ4:於進入Τ3之後，箝位二極體（Dc)截止 當達到T4時，兩開關元件（SI) (S2)總電壓降 低，而該箝位二極（Dc)之端電思（VDc)上昇至V i η 〇⑶ Τ 2-Τ 3: As the third CS is in this section, the two coupling capacitors (Cl) (C2) respectively start through the two loops of L in — LP1 — Cl — L P3 and L in — LP4 — C2 — LP2 Charging · The voltage across the two or two windings (LP1) (LP3) and (LP 2) (LP4) of the transformer cancels each other due to the opposite polarity. At this time, the equivalent inductor (Li η) is the coupling capacitor (Cl ) (C 2) constitutes a filter circuit, so the main circuit can be filtered, so it can achieve the effect of reducing the input current ripple and eliminating the noise of the mold flow surge. In addition, -1 0 of the two charged coupling capacitors (c 1) (C2)-This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) I -------- ^- ----, order ------. Ii (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) A7 B7 printed by the Consumer Labor Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention description (▽) Terminal voltage For vi η, at this time, also referring to the third circle C, both clamped diodes (Dc) (Dv) are turned on (shorted), so that the two switching elements (S 1) (S 2) The terminal voltage is only at the same level as the input voltage (Vi η), therefore, the two switching elements (S1) (S2) do not need to use a high withstand voltage specification that is twice the input voltage as the traditional method * more appropriate Reduce the cost of components. -⑷Τ3—Τ4: After entering Τ3, the clamping diode (Dc) is cut off. When reaching T4, the total voltage of the two switching elements (SI) (S2) decreases, and the end of the clamping diode (Dc) is (VDc) rises to V i η 〇
⑸Τ 4 — Τ Ο :如第三Ε圖所示，當開關元件（S 1 ) ( S 2)之總端電壓下降至V i η時即維時在此電壓値，並在 進入下一周期的Τ 0時，即重覆前述作業，如此循環進行 〇 故以上述電路分析可知，即由於設置在迴路内之兩耦 電容（Cl) (C2)可適時釋放能量及充電之作用•且 在該Τ2—Τ3周期進行瀉；K G業下，即令第二圖所顯示 之輸入電流（I i η)即呈現平緩曲度變化|而非傳統脈 衝之型式•故有降低漣波及各次諧波與雜訊的優點•更有 適當降低輸入電流均方根値之功效。 而經將上述電路以P s p i c e電腦程式模擬下.以 300 \ DC之工作電壓、輸出電壓為5V、電流為20 A之規格之下，並在各耦合電容串接0 · 0 5歐姆小電阻 -11- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝. 訂 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（p) 以改善收斂性質之情況下，經將上述變思器設為以3 0 : 30 : 30 : 30 : 2之圈數比値（即圈數為20 : 1) •濾波電容器（C〉以四個560^F構成、濾波電感器 (L)為22yH、兩耦合電容器（Cl) (C2)設為 2 _ 2#F/400V、箝位二極體（Dc)以兩個IN 5418串接，另一箝位二極體（Dv)以單個IN54 1 8揭成之情況下進行模擬，獲得之模擬波形為如第四圈 所示，即與第二圈之波形相仿，其中輸入電流波形（I i η)位匾，為在1 7 5mA之直流上形成有約1 0 0mA 漣波之正弦波形•當可印證前述說明，而在兩開關元件（ S 1 ) (S2)上之端電壓（VDS1) (VDS2)即 由於儲存漏感上的能量經適當地釋放掉，被抑制在3 0 0 V位準，亦可證明本案之開關元件無需使用高耐壓規格者 〇 另以如第五圖所示，將上述電路分別在2 7 0V、3 0 0 V及3 3 0 V之不同輸入電壓及不同負載電流狀態下 所測得之轉換效率曲線所示，在輸入電壓為在3 0 0 V， 電流為在1 0A之場合下所獲得之效率最高（87 · 6% )° 故以前述對本發明之構造、工作原理及輔以電腦程式 模擬之下，即有如下各項優點： ⑴產生的雜訊低：達到低雜訊為以變壓器的漏感、電路佈局 雜散電感與該耦合電容器整體巧妙地搭配而使得輸入電流 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） _^ I 裝 訂 备 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 SOC〇^2 B7 五、發明説明（ff ) 可呈非脈衝型態•故可降低或消除各次電流諧波與降低雜 訊之效果。 ⑵具電壓突波抑制作用：其内部亦兼具充放電之箝位機能， 於無需額外的緩衝電路之下，即可達到限制突波之功效。 ⑶此雙開祐順向電力轉換器為使用定頻波寬調變（PWM) 方式，所需之濾波器頻寬較窄•對本案而論•有著易於設 計之扁點。 ⑷可使用較低耐壓之開關元件：該等耦合電容器係供做為電 壓源使用，並配合箝位二極體之相互搭配，令開關元件在 截止時，承受的電壓僅為相同於輸入電壓之數値而已，故 無須使用高耐壓元件，實施上較為簡便，且有降低成本之 優異性。 ⑸具有較佳的轉換效率：本發明亦一併使得輸入電流之均方 根植（RMS)適當降低，不僅減少開關元件之導通損失 •亦透過耦合電容及變壓器漏感進行無損耗之能量吸收及 釋放*具有提昇轉換效率之功效》 故以前述說明可知，本發明為提供一種藉由巧妙地於 電力轉換器内配置交錯連接之耦合電容器以及有效運用變 壓器本身之漏感所形成成之等效電感器，使電路得在截止 狀態時具有輸入電流濾波之機能，據以形成一種等效形成 有濾波機能之電力轉換器，不但可解決諧波雜訊干擾之問 題，更無傳統外加濾波網路所衍生之匹配損失，誠為一確 具產業利用之設計·應符專利申請要件，爰依法提出申請 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） I--------t.------IT------0 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印策 五、發明説明（丨 A7 B7 ---------^------ΐτ------0 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央梂準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐）⑸Τ 4 — Τ Ο: As shown in the third E diagram, when the total terminal voltage of the switching elements (S 1) (S 2) drops to V i η, it is the voltage value at this time, and enters the next cycle. At Τ 0, the aforementioned operation is repeated, so the cycle is repeated. Therefore, the above circuit analysis shows that the two coupling capacitors (Cl) (C2) provided in the loop can release energy and charge in a timely manner. —T3 cycle is carried out; under the KG industry, even the input current (I i η) shown in the second figure shows a gentle curvature change | instead of the traditional pulse type • it reduces the ripple and each harmonic and noise The advantages of it are more appropriate to reduce the root mean square value of the input current. The above circuit is simulated by the P spice computer program. Under the specification of 300 \ DC operating voltage, output voltage of 5V, and current of 20 A, and a small resistance of 0 · 0 5 ohm in series with each coupling capacitor- 11- This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297mm) (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) to install. Order A7 B7 printed by Beigong Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 3. Description of the invention (p) In the case of improving the convergence properties, the above-mentioned transformer is set to a ratio of turns of 30: 30: 30: 30: 2 (that is, the number of turns is 20: 1) • Filter capacitor (C> Consists of four 560 ^ F, filter inductor (L) is 22yH, two coupling capacitors (Cl) (C2) is set to 2 _ 2 # F / 400V, clamping diode (Dc) is two IN 5418 is connected in series, and another clamping diode (Dv) is simulated with a single IN54 18 uncovered. The obtained analog waveform is shown in the fourth circle, which is similar to the waveform in the second circle. The input current waveform (I i η) plaque is a sine waveform with a ripple of about 100 mA formed on a DC of 175 mA. It is clear that the terminal voltage (VDS1) (VDS2) on the two switching elements (S1) (S2) is due to the energy released from the storage leakage inductance is properly released, it is suppressed to 300 V level, or It is proved that the switching element of this case does not need to use high withstand voltage specifications. In addition, as shown in the fifth figure, the above circuit is under different input voltages and different load currents of 2 70 V, 3 0 0 V and 3 3 0 V, respectively The measured conversion efficiency curve shows that the highest efficiency is obtained when the input voltage is 300 V and the current is 10 A (87 · 6%) °. Therefore, the structure and working principle of the present invention are described above And with the aid of computer program simulation, it has the following advantages: ⑴ Low noise generated: low noise is achieved by cleverly matching the overall leakage inductance of the transformer, the circuit layout stray inductance and the coupling capacitor to make the input The size of the current paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) _ ^ I binding (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) A7 SOC〇 ^ 2 B7 5. Invention description (ff) Yes Non-pulse type, so it can be reduced or eliminated Current harmonics and noise reduction effects. ⑵ With voltage surge suppression function: It also has a charging and discharging clamping function inside, which can achieve the effect of limiting the surge without additional buffer circuit. ⑶This Shuangkaiyou forward power converter uses fixed frequency bandwidth modulation (PWM) mode, the required filter bandwidth is relatively narrow. For this case, it has a flat point that is easy to design. ⑷ You can use a lower withstand voltage Switching elements: These coupling capacitors are used as voltage sources, and cooperate with the clamping diodes to match each other, so that when the switching elements are cut off, the voltage they withstand is only the same as the input voltage, so there is no need to use The high voltage component is simple to implement and has the advantage of reducing costs. ⑸ Has better conversion efficiency: The present invention also makes the mean square root of the input current (RMS) appropriately reduced, which not only reduces the conduction loss of the switching element, but also through the coupling capacitor and transformer leakage inductance for lossless energy absorption and release * It has the effect of improving conversion efficiency. Therefore, it can be seen from the foregoing description that the present invention is to provide an equivalent inductor formed by skillfully arranging staggered coupling capacitors in the power converter and effectively using the leakage inductance of the transformer itself , So that the circuit has the function of input current filtering in the off state, and accordingly forms a power converter equivalent to forming a filtering function, which can not only solve the problem of harmonic noise interference, but also derived from the traditional additional filtering network The loss of matching is truly a design for industrial use. It should conform to the requirements of the patent application, and the application should be filed according to the law. -13- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) I ----- --- t .------ IT ------ 0 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Bureau of Standards, Cooperative Workers Cooperative 5. Description of the invention (丨 A7 B7 --------- ^ ------ lsτ ------ 0 (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Central Ministry of Economic Affairs The size of the paper printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297mm)