經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 26^6〇8 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（1 ) 相關申謫案參考 同案申請之”飛輪系統之自行調整氣隙馬達/發電機”美 阚專利申請案（檔案R-3733號）即含有相關於本文所述之主 旨° 技術領域 本發明係關於飛輪，特別是使用可調整空氣間隙馬達/ - 發電機之實用飛輪。 背景技術 使用稱為"飛輪”之旋轉慣性物做為能量儲存/補償糸統 已靨習知技術，吾人亦知使用電磁力將能量送入飛輪•令 飛輪快轉或加速至一預定轉速，Μ利儲存功能，速度越高 則飛輪儲存之能量越多，為使飛輪快轉，系統即Μ馬達操 作而飛輪做為轉子，此儲存之功能再Μ發罨機動作自旋轉 之飛輪抽出，利用電磁場減速或減少飛輪之轉速。 當沒有能最输入飛輪或抽出飛輪時，飛輪即稱空轉或在 空轉模式*空轉期間有必要減少飛輪上因馬達/發電機結 構所致之雷IT損失，Μ免從旋轉飛輪抽到無用’之能量，若 此損失不減*則其可令飛輪轉速減緩，Μ減少可抽到之能 酱數。 此種馬達/發雷槺飛輪糸統技術中有多種结構，例如永 久磁鐵可位於飛輪之旋轉轉子部上，旦馬達線圈可位於系 统之一固定部或定子上，此例中，當轉子空轉時，線圈因 有最大阨抗而斷路，Μ減少電流及減少線圈中所生之電磁 力，藉此減少空轉期間自轉子抽取之能最，但即使線圈為 -4- 本紙乐尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） ---.------裝— • 0 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 線 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 ^62608 a? B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 斷路，.因飛輪有旋轉之永久磁鐵’故仍有渦雷流產生於馬 達姐件中，因而產生一些磁場將飛輪能量油出及減低其速 度。 因此，有必要設計一種馬達/發雷機系统’ w減少空轉 期間飛輪上之雷磁拉曳力。 發明說明 本發明之目的在提供一種飛輪糸统’可減少空轉操作期 間飛輪上之罨磁拉曳力。 依本發明所示，一種飛輪糸統，包含一軸’具有一縱向 軸線；一飛輪，可依該袖旋轉；至少一軸承，使飛輪依袖 旋轉；多涸永久磁鐡’係嵌入飛輪内；及定子’設於袖上 ，用於聯接電磁能量往來於飛輪*且其可沿縱向_線做軸 向移位，藉此在定子與飛輪之間產生一可調整之氣隙。 另依本發明所示，飛輪係罩於一空室内’而空室為一真 空容享且無電線穿入真空容室。 又依本發明所示，可調整之氣隙設定為當飛輪空轉時施 加最小之電·磁i曳力於飛輪上；再依本發明所示，其設有 定子定位裝置，以設定定子之袖向位置，藉此設定氣隙。 本發明提出if習知馬達/發霉機技術做大幅之改善，其 提供一種板吠無碳刷式直流馬達設計，而在轉子與定子之 間有一可調整之氣隙，轉子依一封閉室内之固定桿旋轉， 而定子沿桿伸出空室之相同軸線滑動，此結構使嵌設有永 久磁辨之飛輪轉子位於一真空室中，並使定子位於真空室 外，此結構在真空室内之飛輪與真空室外之線圈間無賞踊 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ’裝· 、v9 2626〇8 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 經濟部中央標準局貞工消费合作社印製 之連接’因此，定子與轉子間僅有之連接為電磁力 需任何雷線（馬動馬達/發霄槺所需者）進人飛輪所 空室，Μ免令密封漏失。 同時，永久磁雜可嵌入接近旋轉袖線之飛輪中， 磁辨上之離心力及減少永久磁鐵在高速時飛逸之可 另，本發明提供一種極簡單之機械連接，可分刖在 (或供霉）及慢轉期間（或斷電）令禺達發鼋機结合及 本發明可用在任何飛輪用途上，例如陸上、空中、 太空車具，以及空調等器具與昇降機等移動載具。 本發明之上述及其他目的、特性與優點可由以下 詳细說明及其相闞圖式而獲得瞭解。 圖式簡單說明 圖1係本發明可變氣隙板吠馬達/發電機飛輪系 斷側視圖。 圖2係本發明板狀馬達/發電機飛輪介面之詳细 視圖。 實腌發明之最佳模式 ’ 參閱圖1 ，線9 Μ下之硬體為習知技術，一可變 隙無碳刷式DC k達飛輪糸統包含一設在殼體12内之 1.0(或稱飛輪），骹聘內設有一空室14，飛輪10利用 18而依箭頭19方向在一軸16上旋轉，軸承18可為茼 、磁力滾動式元件或超傳導袖承，或其他型式可供 10依軸16旋轉之蚰承，袖16係固定而不相對於飛輪 12轉動。 ，即不 在之真 K減少 能性。 快轉 脫離。 水上或 實例之 统之截 截斷側 空氣間 慣性輪 軸承 狀空氣 飛輪 殼體 I 裂 訂 I ! 务 -· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X2.97公釐） 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A7 B7__ 五、發明説明（4 ) 转干永久磁锇20嵌入飛輪10之一區域22中，且與飛輪 之外表面24齊平，飛輪10中之永久磁鐵20包含板狀無碳 刷Df：禺達之轉子部份。另，一扃部25用於保持飛輪不致沿 袖】6做軸向移動，必要時其他型式之支承件可用於防止軸 向移動。必要時磁鐵20可突伸出飛輪10之表面24，磁鐵 2〇之邊緣應呈傾斜，使離心力所生之應力向量有部份係沿 軸16之縱向軸線。 板狀馬達之一定子部份28係如箭頭30所示依袖16做軸向 移動，一氣隙存在於定子28與飛輪殻體12之間*係依定 子28沿軸1β之位置而改變，定子28在一圓筒袖承32上滑動 ，但必要時亦可使用其他袖承。一圓形止動件33接於飛輪 殼餺12之外表面26，以停止定子與飛輪穀體之接觸，並可 設定一最小之氣隙gl。 定子28具有一定子殻體34，可容置饜板36與線圈38，後 二者係界定出板狀馬達之三個操作相位，一蓋件40設於定 子28之後者上，使板狀馬達三個相位所用之三姐電線42相 交於外部組件-另有一軸向彈簧43包繞於袖16’，Μ對定子 28施加由右向左之力。 一推板44接私蓋件40，一連桿46依一樞點48樞轉旦依箭 頭50方向移動，而將推板44之垂直運動轉變為水平袖向運 動，一剎車踏板52經由一桿臂54接至一驅動連桿46之黷線 56，同樣有一加速踏板60藉由一稈臂62接至一亦可驅動桿 臂46之纜線64。 位置感應器70、72分別近設於刹車踏板52與加速踏板 -7- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） 裝 I I I I I 訂 1 I I 纟 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Α7 Β7 262β〇8 五、發明説明（5 ) ，W偵測出各踏板之位移最，剎車位置感應器70產生一 霄子訊號於通往習知飛輪禺達/發雷機控制電路76與通往 習知驅動輪馬達/發雷機控制雷路77之線路74上，同樣， 加速踏板位置感應器72產生一雷子訊號於通往飛輪馬達/ 發雷機控制雷路76與通往驅動馬達/發雷機控制雷路77之 線路78上，飛輪控制電路76與驅動輪控制電路77包含習用 之雷子姐件，例如輸出放大器、雷晶體等，可執行上述之 功能，此功/之實際细節係習知技術且非本發明之重點所在 Ο 糸统之操作如下，當刹車踏板52或加速踏板60任一者在 預定閘值Μ外壓下時，板狀馬達之定子部份28向右滑而頂 及lh動件3 3，Μ減少氣隙g 1，此位置中，氣隙g i相當小而 可供定子28與轉子〗0間有最佳之雷磁交互作用，K令定子 2 8 ”結合”到板狀馬達之飛輪/轉子部份，以利供給能量（ 即向上轉）至飛輪1 0 (當剎車5 2踩下時），及自飛輪1 0抽除 能最（當加速器60踩下時）。 同樣•肾剎4踏板52或加速踏板60皆未壓制’，則彈簧使 定子28向左，而增加氣隙gl •此時飛輪10是在自由轉動狀 態，而板吠馬^之定子28脫離於旋轉之飛輪10或板狀馬達 之轉子部份，脫離期間之氣隙gi大得足Μ減低飛輪與定子 間之雷磁作用。 特別是施加於飛輪10上之電磁力大小係定子28與飛輪 1 0間之總氣隙所決定，相當於氣隙gT加g2加大約0 . 1吋厚 之飛輪穀髑12側壁26厚度，當飛輪脫離時^為最小值3/8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇乂297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 26^6〇8 經濟部中央榡準局貝工消費合作社印装 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) _，而當飛輪结合時約0.02时，氣隙g2固定為0.005吋， 飛輪骹體12之壁26厚度約0.095时，應瞭解的是壁26可因 ®力差而內鼙向飛輪10，但结！氣隙包含此變形最·必要時 可使用其他之氣隙值及壁厚，此依磁鐵之尺寸及強度而定 剎車、加速踏板與定子沿軸16之位置之間之櫬械式連接 使得僅一踏板之小最移動即可令定子自結合變成脫離，反 之亦然。 飛輪控制雷路76與驅動輪控制雷路77之操作與相互作用 如下，當剎車踏板52踩下時，定子28推至右側並结合飛輪 ’而糸统進人快轉狀態，此狀態中一驅動輪馬達/發電機 8〇如同虛線82所示般以電磁方式及/或機械方式结合一轉 輪84，驅動輪馬達/發電櫬80自轉輪84抽除能最，以於線 路86上提供罨懕至驅動輪馬達/發電機控制罨路77，驅動 輪禺_/發雷機之结合係由驅動輪馬達/發電機控制電路 7?所啟始。來自驅動輪馬達/發電機80之電子訊號係由控 制雷路77謝费·之訊號，巨有適當之電源訊號產，生於通往飛 輪禺達/發霉機控制電路76之線路88上，此操作模式中飛 輪控制雷路76在線路90上產生输出之驅動訊號至板狀馬逹 之定子28線圈38，線路90上之驅動訊號令飛輪10以馬達驅 動方式快轉。 反之，當剎車踏板不再踩下時，定子移向左側且自飛輪 脫離，而糸統轉換成自由轉動狀態，線路74上之刹車訊號 即改變以令飛輪控制鼋路76停It傳送能最至飛輪10。此模 -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） I I I I I I I裝— 1 訂 备 . (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作杜印製 必6〇8 A7 _B7 ___ 五、發明説明（7 ) 式中驅動輪控制窜路77脫離鼷動輪馬達80，且飛輪控制電 路76停出在線路90上產生驅動訊號’並將線路90斷路而產 生最大之m抗路徑於線圈，K滅少線圈中產生電流。此外 ，定子28由彈簧43推向左側，K增加氣隙^及減少飛輪上 之霄磁延滯，文後將說明之。 當加速踏板60踩下時，定子28推向右側使氣隙si減少， Μ糸統進入慢轉狀態，即能量自飛輪1 0油出’此模式中線 路78上之加速訊號令令飛輪控制雷路76自飛輪1 〇取出能最 ，特別是飛輪控制電路76會監視猓路92上由轉動飛輪1〇中 永久磁锁20所生之定子28線圈36中之背鬣壓EMF° 線路92上之背雷壓EMF訊號由飛輪控制電路76轉換為線 路74上通往驅動輪控制雷路77之雷源雷壓訊號，驅動輪控 制電路77之訊號可調整飛輪控制電路76之電源電壓，並提 供顆動訊號於通往驅動輪馬達/發罨機80之線路96上，使 輪84之轉速增加。 同樣，當加速踏板60釋放時，彈簧43將定子28推向左側 而增加氣隙gr，使定子28脘離飛輪10 &糸統進’入自由轉動 吠態。此狀態中，線路78上之加速訊號命令飛輪控制電路 76切斷對線路&2上訊號之監控，並提供輸出源訊號於一通 往驅動輪控制雷路77之線路94上。 由於軸16並不轉動，故殼膊12可固定於軸16，使空室 14完全排空而不必接雷穿過殻體12，因為其可能會破壞空 室14中之真空，另，此設計可利用增加氣隙h而做極有效 之自由轉動，K減少飛輪10在自由轉動狀態中其上之雷磁 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210'〆297公釐） I---- ~~ 訂 务 . (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（8 ) 延滯最。 飛輪殻體12之材料可由網或塑膠或其他可保持真空之材 料構成，但永久磁鐵區中之壁26需為非導磁性與非導雷性 (Μ防ih渦雷流）。 應瞭解的是當飛輪控制雷路76M馬達驅動方式驅動線圈 38時，其聯繫方式並非本發明之重點，例如線路92可用於 監視背雷限R M F ，K感應出使用習知不接觸且無碳刷式 DC馬達驅動技術之轉子之位置。另，W用之位置感應器 (圖中未示）如霍爾效應、光學、容積或感應式感應器等， 皆可用於在通往飛輪控制雷路76之線路上（圖中未示），使 用位置感應器時，例如其可設於軸16上及方便設在轉子 1 0上。另，感應器可檢測出轉子1 0外表面之轉動位置，而 非檢測內徑區。 例如，使用一光學感應器時，轉子之預定段可塗以反射 塗料，且一光源及感應器安裝於一固定件（例如定子28)及 朝向旋轉中之轉子10。為了使光源之光線通過空室，可設 置一窗孔聆飛ift殼體12之壁26中，當光線投射淤反射區時 ，光線反射至感應器且感應器產生一指示訊號，否則即不 產生訊號。另\當使用霍爾效應感應器時，一磁塊或磁條 可附設或嵌入轉子]0中，而感應器則接附於轉子]0外之任 意元件。 請即參閱圖2 ，一詳细阃說明磁力線路徑與特別之線圈 繞組與層板，而未說明圖1之定子殼體34或蓋件40。 有關於相位A(0 A)，雷流沿雷線120傳送至一層狀桿（或 -11- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樣準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 訂 务 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 262608 Α7 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（9 ) 齒）122，雷線122纗繞於餍狀桿122，使磁場為右至左，如 箭頭12 4所示。雷線120離開桿122而傳送至由雷線120M反 向綑縝之桿〗26，Μ利產生由左至右之磁場，如箭頭128所 示。 磁力線124自桿122行經一脣狀定子背鐵130 ，如同通往 桿126之線路132，其跨遇氣隙（gz+g1)而到達飛輪10中之 一永久磁鐵1 34南檷。磁力線沿一磁鐵之背區136離開磁锇 U4之北梅ί，如同通往一永久磁鐵140之南檷之線路138所 示，磁力線離開磁鐡140之北極，並且跨過氣隙（g2+gl )及 完成通往捍122之磁力線路徑。 磁辨背區136係由導磁材料製成，例如鐵，整個飛輪1〇 在必要時可由此材料製成，但磁鐵間之區域142應由非導 磁材料製成，Μ免既成之磁锇北與南極短路，同時，磁戡 間沿區域142之間距至少應大於磁鐵（進入飛輪）之深度（左 至右1 ，以減少損失。 有闞於相位Α(0Α)之第二條磁力線路徑，雷線12〇係雜 開稈1 2 fi且卞舍至一桿150，窜線包覆於桿150，，使磁場方 向為箭頭152所示之右至左，從桿150起雷線120饋送至另 一稈154，在此Μ相反方向娜繞於桿154，使磁場如箭頭 156所示之由左至右，雷線再Μ冋線160返回而構成相位a 之其他側。 Μ下說明枏位A第一磁力線路徑之相同情形，桿周 側之煉圈產生之磁塥離開桿15 0且由線路ι62表示出沿定子 赞辨130行進至桿154’並Μ通往磁継164南極之線路156而 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 262608 A7 B7 五、發明説明（10) 通過氣隙磁力線離開磁鐵164之北棟&沿永久磁 辨之背部136行進至永久磁锇1fi8之南極，如線路166所示 ，磁力線離開永久磁撖168之北橘，並跨過氣隙41 + 82)回 到稈1 5 0，完成磁力瓖。 應瞭解的是Μ上說明之定子背鐵130與定子28之桿（或齒 )為饜狀金讓，Μ提供良奸之磁場導通性。 類似之設置出現於具有桿170、172與桿174、176之相位 Β(彡Β)，同樣設置亦出現於具有桿178、180與桿182、 184之枏位CM C)。 為了使飛輪10依箭頭19指示方向在圖2之啟動位置依軸 16旋轉，相位A斷雷而相位B充雷，使磁力線路徑124 、 132、128、138從極 122、126移至橘 170、172，令飛輪 10 略依箭頡19方向轉動*然後相位B斷鬣而相位C充電，使 磁力線路徑124、132、128、138移至極178、180，然後相 位C斷霉而相位A再次充雷Μ完成回路。類似之設置出現 於國2之底半部，此相位之驅動操作為驅動一永久磁鐵轉 子之習知技術， 除了如圖2所示將線圈各列娜繞於各桿外，亦可使用重 鬌式之繞組，即雷線纊繞於其間設有許多稈之二桿上，例 如相位Α中雷線120可從桿122繞到桿178，而令捍170在其 間，雷線亦可反向地從稈126繞到桿180再回到桿126 ，而 令桿172在中間。此例中，相位B可從桿170繞到桿126而 桿178在中間，目.反向地鐃於桿172、150，令桿180在中間 ，類似之配置亦出現於相位C 。 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > A4規格（210X297公釐） 抑衣 訂 各 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 ⑽ 608 Λ7 Β7 五、發明説明（) 此項枝術中使用其他繞姐形式及相位數皆可相同於本發 明之表規，例如坎培爾。匹所著"永久磁娥袖向磁埸直流 機械雷力應用之性能計箄”第二冊第四號一書中（1979年 )第139至144之_2. 14所示者，應瞭解的是本文圖2中所 示之内容攆為說明本發明實例而已，必要時其他形狀之飛 輪亦可使用。 同樣，除了具有踏板52、60 (如圖1 )可直接透過連稈 46與纘線56、64驅動定子定位外，線路74、78上之剎車與 加速位置訊號可驅動一雷子作動器（鬭中未示），可將定子 28沿袖16定位，Μ依據系統模式提供適當之氣隙。 同樣，除了位於定子28與轉子殻賴12間之彈簧43外（如 圃1)，任何裝置皆可用於施力一力於定子28上，使得非快 轉或非慢轉模式中，定子28可向左推至一最大氣，例 如一捲繞彈簧可設於連桿46之樞點48周側，或以多個彈簧 分別接於踏板52、60或相關桿臂54、62，或者彈簧43可位 於軸16周側但在推板44之左側，必要時亦可在其他位置使 用此方式， 甚至，本發明上述係用於汽車，但其亦可用在任意之能 最儲存/補價系統中，例如昇降機、空調、任何陸上、空 中、水h或太空車具，Μ及實用/能鼍供給器，例如在昇 降機之應用中’下降吊車爾最之能最可加速飛輪轉動，而 不必使用轉動之車輪，待要上昇時再取出能最。 應瞭解的是決定系統應運作那一模式（即快轉、慢轉或 空轉）之裝置，即剎車及/或加速踏板，通雷於定子28之 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 262608 at B7 五、發明説明（U ) 裝置（加國1 )如飛輪搾制雷路76以及抽取能最（快轉模式 )與撣供能最（慢轉模式）之装置如驅動輪馬達/發雷機等 皆非本發明之重點。因此，本發明不僅有一定子可沿一軸 做軸向移位而飛輪亦轉動，ft定子係可滑動地安裝於軸上 ，使得定子與飛輪間之氣隙（及雷磁作用）可予以調整。 同樣•除了使用一平軸外，任意之單向或雙向螺旋100 (如_1 )可用於當快轉或慢轉時自動減少氣隙，而在空轉 時自動增加氣隙，類似同案申請之”飛輪糸統之自行調整 氣隙馬達/發雷機•’美國申請案（檔案3733號）所示者。 雖然本發明已由其相關實例說明及揭示，但習於此技者 應可瞭解到上述與其他不同之變更、刪略與增添在不脫離 本發明精神範晒下仍有可為。 — 訂 务 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -15- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐）Printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 26 ^ 6〇8 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (1) Regarding the relevant application case, refer to the US application for the "self-adjusting air gap motor / generator of the flywheel system" application The application (File R-3733) contains the subject matter related to this document. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to flywheels, especially practical flywheels using adjustable air gap motors / -generators. 2. Description of the Related Art The use of a rotating inertial object called " flywheel " as an energy storage / compensation system is a well-known technology. I also know that electromagnetic energy is used to send energy into the flywheel. • To make the flywheel rotate or accelerate to a predetermined speed, M storage function, the higher the speed, the more energy is stored in the flywheel. In order to make the flywheel rotate fast, the system is the M motor operating and the flywheel is used as the rotor. This stored function is extracted from the rotating flywheel by the operation of the hairpin machine. The electromagnetic field decelerates or reduces the speed of the flywheel. When there is no best input flywheel or withdraw flywheel, the flywheel is called idling or it is necessary to reduce the lightning IT loss caused by the motor / generator structure on the flywheel during idling mode. From the rotating flywheel to useless energy, if this loss is not reduced *, it can slow down the speed of the flywheel, and M can reduce the amount of energy that can be extracted. This motor / fabrication flywheel system technology has a variety of structures, For example, the permanent magnet can be located on the rotating rotor part of the flywheel, and the motor coil can be located on one of the fixed parts or the stator of the system. In this example, when the rotor is idling, the coil has the largest When the circuit is broken, M reduces the current and the electromagnetic force generated in the coil, thereby reducing the energy extracted from the rotor during idling, but even if the coil is -4- this paper music standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297 %) ---.------ installed — • 0 (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Printed by the staff consumer cooperative of the Central Standardization Bureau of the Ministry of Economics ^ 62608 a? B7 V. Description of invention (2) Open circuit. Because the flywheel has rotating permanent magnets, there are still eddy currents generated in the motor parts, so some magnetic fields are generated to expel the flywheel energy and reduce its speed. Therefore, it is necessary to design a motor / generator Lightning machine system reduces the magnetic drag force on the flywheel during idling. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a flywheel system that can reduce the magnetic drag force on the flywheel during idling operation. According to the present invention, A flywheel system includes a shaft having a longitudinal axis; a flywheel that can rotate according to the sleeve; at least one bearing that rotates the flywheel according to the sleeve; a multi-spin permanent magnet is embedded in the flywheel; and a stator is provided in the sleeve , Used to connect electromagnetic energy to and from the flywheel * and it can be axially displaced along the longitudinal line, thereby creating an adjustable air gap between the stator and the flywheel. Also according to the present invention, the flywheel is covered by An empty chamber is a vacuum chamber and no wires penetrate into the vacuum chamber. According to the present invention, the adjustable air gap is set to apply the minimum electrical and magnetic drag force on the flywheel when the flywheel is idling According to the present invention, it is provided with a stator positioning device to set the sleeve position of the stator, thereby setting the air gap. The present invention proposes if the conventional motor / mold machine technology is greatly improved, which provides a board bark Brushless DC motor design, and there is an adjustable air gap between the rotor and the stator. The rotor rotates according to a fixed rod in a closed chamber, and the stator slides along the same axis where the rod extends out of the empty chamber. This structure makes the embedded The flywheel rotor with permanent magnetic discrimination is located in a vacuum chamber, and the stator is located outside the vacuum chamber. This structure is not appreciated between the flywheel in the vacuum chamber and the coil outside the vacuum chamber. -5- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification 210X297mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) 'Installation · v9 2626〇8 A7 B7 5. Invention Description (3) Connection Printed by Zhengong Consumer Cooperative of Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs. Therefore, The only connection between the stator and the rotor is that the electromagnetic force requires any lightning wire (required by the horse motor / fax) to enter the empty space of the flywheel, so that the seal will not be lost. At the same time, permanent magnetic impurities can be embedded in the flywheel close to the rotating sleeve line. The centrifugal force on the magnetic discrimination and the possibility of reducing the permanent magnet flying at high speed can be reduced. The present invention provides a very simple mechanical connection, which can be divided into (or Mildew) and slow rotation (or power failure) makes the Yuda engine combination and the invention can be used in any flywheel applications, such as land, air, space vehicles, air conditioners and other mobile vehicles such as elevators. The above and other objects, characteristics, and advantages of the present invention can be understood from the following detailed description and related diagrams. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a cut-away side view of the variable air gap plate bark motor / generator flywheel of the present invention. Figure 2 is a detailed view of the plate motor / generator flywheel interface of the present invention. The best mode of real invention is shown in Fig. 1. The hardware under line 9 μM is a conventional technology. A variable gap carbon brushless DC k flywheel system includes a 1.0 (or It is called flywheel). There is an empty chamber 14 in the ring. The flywheel 10 uses 18 and rotates on a shaft 16 in the direction of arrow 19. The bearing 18 can be chrysanthemum, magnetic rolling element or superconducting sleeve bearing, or other types are available for 10 According to the rotation of the shaft 16, the sleeve 16 is fixed and does not rotate relative to the flywheel 12. , That is, not true K reduces ability. Quickly spin away. On the water or in the case of the truncated side of the air between the inertia wheel bearing-like air flywheel housing I Split I! Service-(please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X2.97mm) A7 B7__ printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (4) The dried permanent magnetic osmium 20 is embedded in an area 22 of the flywheel 10 and is on the outer surface of the flywheel 24 flush, the permanent magnet 20 in the flywheel 10 includes a plate-shaped carbon-free brush Df: the rotor part of Yuda. In addition, a spur portion 25 is used to keep the flywheel from moving axially along the sleeve 6. If necessary, other types of supporting members can be used to prevent axial movement. If necessary, the magnet 20 can protrude from the surface 24 of the flywheel 10, and the edge of the magnet 20 should be inclined so that part of the stress vector generated by centrifugal force is along the longitudinal axis of the shaft 16. A stator part 28 of the plate motor is moved axially according to the sleeve 16 as shown by arrow 30. An air gap exists between the stator 28 and the flywheel housing 12 * It changes according to the position of the stator 28 along the axis 1β. 28 slides on a cylindrical sleeve 32, but other sleeves can be used if necessary. A circular stopper 33 is attached to the outer surface 26 of the flywheel shell eel 12 to stop the contact between the stator and the flywheel valley, and a minimum air gap gl can be set. The stator 28 has a certain sub-housing 34, which can accommodate a plate 36 and a coil 38. The latter two define the three operating phases of the plate motor. A cover member 40 is provided on the back of the stator 28 to make the plate motor The third sister wire 42 used in the three phases intersects the external component-and an axial spring 43 is wrapped around the sleeve 16 '. M exerts a right-to-left force on the stator 28. A push plate 44 is connected to the private cover 40, a connecting rod 46 pivots according to a pivot point 48 and moves in the direction of arrow 50, and the vertical movement of the push plate 44 is converted into horizontal sleeve movement, and a brake pedal 52 passes through a lever The arm 54 is connected to the bellows 56 of a driving link 46, and also an accelerator pedal 60 is connected by a stalk arm 62 to a cable 64 which can also drive the lever arm 46. The position sensors 70 and 72 are near the brake pedal 52 and the accelerator pedal -7 respectively. This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm). Packed with IIIII and 1 II (please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again) Α7 Β7 262β〇8 Fifth, the description of the invention (5), W detects the displacement of each pedal is the most, the brake position sensor 70 generates a small signal on the way to the conventional flywheel Yuda / mine machine The control circuit 76 is on the line 74 leading to the conventional drive wheel motor / lightning machine control mine road 77. Similarly, the accelerator pedal position sensor 72 generates a thunder signal to the flywheel motor / mine machine controlling mine road 76 On the line 78 leading to the drive motor / lightning machine control mine road 77, the flywheel control circuit 76 and the drive wheel control circuit 77 contain conventional mine components, such as output amplifiers, thunder crystals, etc., which can perform the above functions, The actual details of this function are conventional technology and not the focus of the present invention. The operation of the system is as follows. When either the brake pedal 52 or the accelerator pedal 60 is pressed under a predetermined brake value M, the plate motor The stator part 28 slides to the right The top and lh moving parts 3 3, M reduce the air gap g 1, in this position, the air gap gi is quite small and can provide the best lightning magnetic interaction between the stator 28 and the rotor 0, K makes the stator 2 8 " "To the flywheel / rotor part of the plate motor, to supply energy (ie, turn upward) to the flywheel 10 (when the brake 5 2 is depressed), and the most energy can be extracted from the flywheel 10 (when the accelerator 60 is depressed) Time). Similarly, the pedal 52 or the accelerator pedal 60 of the kidney brake 4 is not suppressed. Then, the spring moves the stator 28 to the left and increases the air gap gl. At this time, the flywheel 10 is in a free rotation state, and the stator 28 of the bark horse ^ is disengaged from For the rotating flywheel 10 or the rotor part of the plate motor, the air gap gi during the disengagement period is large enough to reduce the lightning magnetic effect between the flywheel and the stator. In particular, the magnitude of the electromagnetic force exerted on the flywheel 10 is determined by the total air gap between the stator 28 and the flywheel 10, which is equivalent to the air gap gT plus g2 plus approximately 0.1 inch thick flywheel valley 12 side wall 26 thickness, when When the flywheel is detached, ^ is the minimum value of 3/8. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇297 297mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-Binding Printed by the Bureau of Standards and Staff Consumer Cooperative 26 ^ 6〇8 Printed by the Central Bureau of Economics of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Beigong Consumer Cooperative A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) _, and when the flywheel is about 0.02, the air gap g2 is fixed at 0.005 When the thickness of the wall 26 of the flywheel mule 12 is about 0.095, it should be understood that the wall 26 may be inward toward the flywheel 10 due to the difference in force, but the knot! The air gap includes this deformation. When necessary, other air gap values and wall thicknesses can be used. This depends on the size and strength of the magnet. The mechanical connection between the brake, the accelerator pedal and the position of the stator along the shaft 16 makes only one The smallest movement of the pedal can make the stator self-coupling become disengaged, and vice versa. The operation and interaction of flywheel control mine road 76 and drive wheel control mine road 77 are as follows. When the brake pedal 52 is depressed, the stator 28 is pushed to the right and combined with the flywheel 'and the system enters the fast-forward state. The wheel motor / generator 80 is electromagnetically and / or mechanically combined with a runner 84 as shown by the dotted line 82, and the driving wheel motor / generator 80 can extract the most energy from the runner 84, so as to provide From the drive wheel motor / generator control circuit 77, the combination of the drive wheel yu / thunder machine is initiated by the drive wheel motor / generator control circuit 7 ?. The electronic signal from the drive wheel motor / generator 80 is produced by the signal that controls the Thunder Road 77, and it has a huge power supply signal. It was born on the line 88 leading to the flywheel Yuda / mold control circuit 76. In the operation mode, the flywheel controls the lightning circuit 76 to generate the output drive signal on the line 90 to the coil 38 of the stator 28 of the plate-shaped horse. The drive signal on the line 90 causes the flywheel 10 to fast-forward in a motor-driven manner. Conversely, when the brake pedal is no longer depressed, the stator moves to the left and disengages from the flywheel, and the system switches to a free-running state. The brake signal on line 74 is changed to allow the flywheel to control the road 76 to stop. Flywheel 10. This die-9- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) IIIIIII pack-1 order. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau shellfish consumption Cooperative du printing must be 6〇8 A7 _B7 ___ V. Description of the invention (7) where the drive wheel control channel 77 deviates from the moving wheel motor 80, and the flywheel control circuit 76 stops on line 90 to generate the drive signal and connect the line 90 opens to produce the largest m-resistance path in the coil, and K destroys the current in the coil. In addition, the stator 28 is pushed to the left by the spring 43, K increases the air gap and reduces the magnetic lag on the flywheel, which will be described later. When the accelerator pedal 60 is depressed, the stator 28 is pushed to the right to reduce the air gap si, the MU system enters the slow-rotation state, that is, the energy is discharged from the flywheel 10. The acceleration signal on line 78 in this mode causes the flywheel to control the lightning The path 76 takes the most energy out of the flywheel 10. Especially the flywheel control circuit 76 monitors the stator 28 on the stator 28 generated by the permanent magnetic lock 20 in the rotating flywheel 10 on the enthalpy path 92. The back pressure EMF ° on the line 92 The back lightning pressure EMF signal is converted by the flywheel control circuit 76 into a lightning source lightning pressure signal on line 74 leading to the drive wheel control mine circuit 77. The signal of the drive wheel control circuit 77 can adjust the power voltage of the flywheel control circuit 76 and provide The dynamic signal is on the line 96 leading to the drive wheel motor / machine 80, causing the speed of the wheel 84 to increase. Similarly, when the accelerator pedal 60 is released, the spring 43 pushes the stator 28 to the left to increase the air gap gr, so that the stator 28 moves away from the flywheel 10 into a free-rotation bark state. In this state, the acceleration signal on line 78 commands the flywheel control circuit 76 to cut off the monitoring of the signal on line & 2, and provides the output source signal on a line 94 to the drive wheel control mine 77. Since the shaft 16 does not rotate, the shell 12 can be fixed to the shaft 16 so that the empty chamber 14 is completely emptied without having to catch lightning through the casing 12, because it may damage the vacuum in the empty chamber 14, in addition, this design Can be used to increase the air gap h for extremely effective free rotation, K reduces the flywheel 10 in the free rotation state of the lightning magnet -10- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210'〆297mm ) I ---- ~~ Order. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) A7 B7 printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Invention Instructions (8) The most delays. The material of the flywheel housing 12 can be made of mesh or plastic or other materials that can maintain vacuum, but the wall 26 in the permanent magnet area needs to be non-magnetically conductive and non-lightning conductive (M anti-ih vortex lightning current). It should be understood that when the flywheel controls the thunder circuit 76M motor drive mode to drive the coil 38, the contact method is not the focus of the present invention. For example, the line 92 can be used to monitor the back lightning limit RMF, K senses that it is not in contact and no carbon brushes. The position of the rotor of the DC motor drive technology. In addition, position sensors (not shown) used by W, such as Hall effect, optical, volumetric or inductive sensors, can be used on the line leading to flywheel control mine road 76 (not shown), When a position sensor is used, for example, it can be provided on the shaft 16 and conveniently on the rotor 10. In addition, the sensor can detect the rotational position of the outer surface of the rotor 10 instead of the inner diameter area. For example, when using an optical sensor, a predetermined section of the rotor may be coated with reflective paint, and a light source and sensor are mounted on a fixed member (e.g., stator 28) and toward the rotating rotor 10. In order to let the light of the light source pass through the empty room, a window hole can be set in the wall 26 of the ift housing 12. When the light is projected into the reflection area, the light is reflected to the sensor and the sensor generates an indicator signal, otherwise it will not be generated Signal. In addition, when a Hall effect sensor is used, a magnetic block or stripe can be attached or embedded in the rotor] 0, and the sensor is attached to any component outside the rotor] 0. Please refer to FIG. 2 for a detailed description of the magnetic field path and the special coil windings and laminates, but not the stator housing 34 or the cover 40 of FIG. 1. Regarding phase A (0 A), the lightning current is transmitted along the lightning line 120 to a layered rod (or -11- This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). Order (please read Note on the back and then fill out this page) 262608 Α7 Α7 Β7 printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy V. Description of the invention (9) Teeth) 122, the lightning wire 122 is wrapped around the rod-shaped rod 122, so that the magnetic field is from right to Left, as indicated by arrow 12 4. The lightning line 120 leaves the rod 122 and is transmitted to the rod bundled in the reverse direction by the lightning line 120M. 26, the magnetic field from left to right is generated as shown by the arrow 128. The magnetic force line 124 travels from the rod 122 through a lip-shaped stator back iron 130, like the line 132 to the rod 126, which crosses the air gap (gz + g1) and reaches a permanent magnet 134 in the flywheel 10. The lines of magnetic force leave the north plum of magnetic osmium U4 along the back area 136 of a magnet, as shown by the route 138 leading to the south pole of a permanent magnet 140. The lines of magnetic force leave the north pole of the magnetic 140 and cross the air gap (g2 + gl ) And complete the path of the magnetic lines leading to the defense 122. The magnetic discriminating back region 136 is made of a magnetically conductive material, such as iron, and the entire flywheel 10 can be made of this material if necessary, but the area 142 between the magnets should be made of a non-magnetically conductive material, so as to avoid the existing magnetic osmium The north and south poles are short-circuited, and at the same time, the distance between the edge regions 142 should be at least greater than the depth of the magnet (entering the flywheel) (left to right 1 to reduce losses. There is a second magnetic field path in phase A (0Α), The lightning line 12 is a mixed fibrous stalk 1 2 fi and is placed on a pole 150. The thread is wrapped around the pole 150 so that the magnetic field direction is from right to left as shown by the arrow 152. From the pole 150, the lightning line 120 is fed to The other stalk 154 is wound around the rod 154 in the opposite direction, so that the magnetic field moves from left to right as shown by the arrow 156, and the lightning line returns to the other side of the phase a to form the other side of the phase a. A The same situation as the path of the first magnetic field, the magnetic field generated by the circle around the rod leaves the rod 150 and is indicated by the line ι62 along the stator praise 130 to the rod 154 'and the line 156 leading to the magnetic pole 164 south pole And -12- This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ297mm) (please read first Read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page). Binding · Book 262608 A7 B7 printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (10) North building leaving the magnet 164 through the air gap magnetic field line The back 136 travels to the south pole of the permanent magnetic osmium 1fi8. As shown by the line 166, the magnetic force line leaves the north orange of the permanent magnet 168 and crosses the air gap 41 + 82) and returns to the stalk 1 50 to complete the magnetic urn. It should be understood that the rods (or teeth) of the stator back iron 130 and the stator 28 described above are made of gold, and M provides good magnetic field continuity. A similar setting occurs in the phase B (≦ B) with levers 170, 172 and levers 174, 176, and the same setting appears in the position CMC with levers 178, 180 and levers 182, 184). In order to rotate the flywheel 10 according to the direction indicated by the arrow 19 at the starting position of FIG. 2 according to the shaft 16, the phase A is thundered and the phase B is thundered, so that the magnetic force path 124, 132, 128, 138 moves from the poles 122, 126 to the orange 170 At 172, the flywheel 10 is slightly rotated in the direction of the arrow 19, then phase B is broken and phase C is charged, so that the magnetic field lines 124, 132, 128, 138 are moved to the poles 178, 180, then phase C is broken and phase A is charged again. Μ completes the loop. A similar arrangement appears in the bottom half of the country 2. The driving operation of this phase is a conventional technique for driving a permanent magnet rotor. In addition to winding the coils of each coil on each rod as shown in FIG. 2, heavy weights can also be used. The winding of the type, that is, the lightning wire is wound on the two poles with many stalks in between, for example, in the phase A, the lightning wire 120 can be wound from the rod 122 to the rod 178, so that the protection 170 is in between, and the lightning wire can also be reversed From the stalk 126 to the rod 180 and back to the rod 126, with the rod 172 in the middle. In this example, the phase B can be wound from the rod 170 to the rod 126 with the rod 178 in the middle, and the rods 172, 150 are reversed and the rod 180 is in the middle. A similar configuration also appears in the phase C. -13- This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS & A4 specifications (210X297mm). Yi Yi Ding Ge (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ⑽ 608 Λ7 Β7 V. Description of the invention () Other winding forms and phase numbers used in this technique can be the same as the table rules of the present invention, such as Quimper. "The Permanent Magnet Sleeve to the Magnetic Field DC Mechanical Thunder" The performance meter for force application "in the second volume of the fourth book (1979), 139 to 144 of _2. 14 should be understood that the content shown in FIG. 2 of this article is to illustrate the present invention. For example only, other shapes of flywheels can also be used if necessary. Similarly, in addition to having pedals 52, 60 (as shown in Figure 1), the stator can be driven directly through the connecting rod 46 and the wire 56, 64, and the brakes on the lines 74, 78 The acceleration position signal can drive a lightning actuator (not shown in 鬭), which can position the stator 28 along the sleeve 16, and M provides an appropriate air gap according to the system mode. Similarly, except between the stator 28 and the rotor case 12 Outside the spring 43 (such as garden 1), any device It can be used to apply a force to the stator 28, so that in the non-fast or non-slow rotation mode, the stator 28 can be pushed to the left to a maximum air, for example, a winding spring can be provided on the circumference of the pivot point 48 of the connecting rod 46 , Or multiple springs are connected to the pedals 52, 60 or the related lever arms 54, 62 respectively, or the spring 43 may be located on the side of the shaft 16 but on the left side of the push plate 44 and may be used in other positions if necessary, or even The present invention is used in automobiles, but it can also be used in any storage / pricing system, such as elevators, air conditioners, any land, air, water or space vehicles, Μ and practical / energy supply For example, in the application of elevators, the descending crane can accelerate the rotation of the flywheel best, without using the rotating wheels, and it can be taken out when it is going to rise. It should be understood that the mode in which the system should operate (that is, fast Rotation, slow rotation or idling) device, that is, brake and / or accelerator pedal, pass thunder to stator 28-14-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297mm) (please read the back Matters needing attention then fill out this page)-installed 262608 at B7 V. Description of the invention (U) Device (Canada 1) such as the flywheel squeezing Lei Lu 76 and the device with the most energy extraction (fast-forward mode) and the most energy-efficient Shan (slow-speed mode) such as the drive wheel motor / generator Lightning machines are not the focus of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention not only has a stator that can be axially displaced along a shaft and the flywheel also rotates, the ft stator is slidably mounted on the shaft, so that the air gap between the stator and the flywheel (And lightning action) can be adjusted. Similarly • In addition to the use of a flat shaft, any one-way or two-way screw 100 (such as _1) can be used to automatically reduce the air gap when rotating fast or slow, and automatically when idling Increasing the air gap is similar to that shown in the "Flywheel System's self-adjusting air gap motor / mine-raising machine" filed in the same application, "U.S. Application (File No. 3733). Although the present invention has been illustrated and disclosed by related examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned and other different changes, deletions, and additions are still possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. — Order (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -15- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)