TW202348239A - 尿液製劑之用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本揭示內容是關於一種包含尿液胞外囊泡及複數個活性因子之製劑於製備一治療不同疾病的藥物的用途。依據本揭示內容之一實施方式,該尿液胞外囊泡是源自於年齡等於或小於35歲的人類,或者是處於妊娠期的婦女,且該尿液胞外囊泡可與一或多種活性劑混合以製備本發明適用於治療不同疾病的製劑。
Description
本揭示內容是關於生物傳遞系統之領域。具體來說,本揭示內容是關於一種包含胞外囊泡及複數個活性分子之製劑及其用途。
尿療法是一種歷史悠久的治療方法,最早可追溯至古埃及、中國、日本及印度。由此可見,尿液製劑於治療疾病的應用潛力,其中又以10歲以下幼童的中段尿液具有最佳的治療功效,然而其治療原理仍未被闡明。
胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicle, EV)是一種源自細胞的生物膜囊泡,帶有細胞間訊息傳遞的內含物。一般來說,一細胞(即一供體細胞)可釋放不同形式之EV,包含外泌體(exosome,直徑介於30到150奈米之間)及微囊泡(microvesicle,直徑介於100到800奈米之間)。一受體細胞會藉由胞飲作用(endocytosis)、膜融合(membrane fusion)或特定的配體-受器內化反應(ligand-receptor internalization)來吸收釋出的EV,據以將EV之內含物(例如,供體細胞的核酸、脂多醣、蛋白及/或脂質)傳遞至受體細胞引起作用。
有鑑於EV普遍存在於不同的體液(例如,血液、尿液、腦脊液、惡性腹水、母乳、支氣管肺泡灌洗液及唾液)中,且其內含物反應了供體細胞的狀態,可作為提供或反映一種生物標記,應用於治療或診斷疾病及流行病學等用途。舉例來說,源自癌細胞或由其周邊基質細胞或白血球釋放的EV,會進入循環系統,引導癌細胞侵襲及轉移;反之亦然,間葉幹細胞及/或免疫細胞會因應癌細胞釋出EV,以拮抗炎症與癌症的侵襲及轉移。再者,孕婦、胎盤、胎兒之間也透過不同EVs進行交流,作為胎兒生長發育和抗排斥等訊息,並且會隨著循環系統而進入孕婦尿液中。據此,尿液中的EV可應用於癌症診斷治療、抗炎症疾病、母嬰疾病、退化疾病、再生或美容醫學等領域。
此外,基於EV之雙層脂質、高生物相容性、低免疫性、奈米級大小及可穿透主要生物屏障(包含血腦障壁)等特性,其亦可作為一種胞器治療或傳遞藥物的候選療法。細胞培養液、血漿或是尿液內的EV可促進細胞融合、攜帶細胞間連結溝通的蛋白或微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA),透過主要生物膜到達腦部、肝臟及中樞神經系流等遠端器官,或循環到腎臟並直接或間接的分泌入尿液,作為生物指標或用於進行組織再生;然而,其療效往往會隨著疾病的種類、嚴重度及EV的特性(例如細胞來源、大小及內含物)等因素而有所差異。
有鑑於此,本領域亟需一種可依照個體需求調整其活性成分,以適用於諸如治療疾病、再生或美容醫學等不同應用的藥物。
發明內容旨在提供本揭示內容的簡化摘要,以使閱讀者對本揭示內容具備基本的理解。此發明內容並非本揭示內容的完整概述,且其用意並非在指出本發明實施例的重要/關鍵元件或界定本發明的範圍。
本揭示內容是關於一種利用包含胞外囊泡及複數個活性分子之製劑來治療疾病的方法,其中該胞外囊泡是分離自個體的尿液,且該複數個活性分子是包覆於胞外囊泡中。依據本揭示內容的特定實施方式,所述個體是年齡小於或等於35歲的人類,或是處於妊娠期的女性。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該藥物是用以治療疾病,其中該疾病為發炎性疾病、母嬰疾病、自體免疫疾病、心血管疾病、乾眼症、糖尿病、急慢性腦損傷、急慢性腎臟病、退化性疾病、美容、再生醫學、輻射傷害、頑固傷口、癌症或感染症。
依據本揭示內容實施方式,是透過局部皮膚、結膜內、鼻腔內、氣管內、口服、脊髓內、靜脈內、動脈內、肌肉內、皮下、關節內、心室內、腦室內、腹腔或中耳內投予的方式投予該藥物。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,所述複數個活性分子是生長因子、免疫調節因子、抗癌因子、抗發炎因子、抗感染因子、抗老化因子、抗氧化因子、抗放射因子、核酸及其組合所組成之群組。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,所述核酸是訊息核糖核酸 (messenger ribonucleic acid, mRNA)、長鏈非編碼RNA (long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)、小干擾RNA (small interference RNA, siRNA)、小髮夾RNA (small hairpin RNA, shRNA)或微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該胞外囊泡包覆生長因子、抗發炎因子或兩者。依據本揭示內容較佳的實施方式,該胞外囊泡包覆白血球生長激素(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF)、表皮生長因子(epidermal growth factor, EGF)、介白素1受體拮抗劑(interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL1-RA)及miRNA let-7i
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該製劑更包含一活性劑,且活性劑是與胞外囊泡結合,其中所述活性劑是阿司匹靈、蝦紅素、退黑激素、二甲雙胍、脂多醣、植化素、薑黃素、脫氫異雄固酮(dyhydroe-piandrosterone, DHEA)、茶酚、多酚、三帖類或其組合。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,所述包含活性劑的製劑是利用以下方法所製備,其中所述方法包含:(a) 自尿液分離胞外囊泡;(b) 在pH 3.0-10.0之環境中,將步驟(a)分離之胞外囊泡與活性劑結合;以及(c) 分離純化步驟(b)之產物,以得到該製劑。依據某些實施方式,步驟(a)是以離心、濾膜、中空纖維濾膜、透析、層析或親和力結合的方式來分離胞外囊泡。依據某些實施方式,步驟(c)是以離心、濾膜、中空纖維濾膜、透析、層析或親和力結合的方式來分離純化該製劑。
在參閱下文實施方式後,本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者當可輕易瞭解本發明之基本精神及其他發明目的,以及本發明所採用之技術手段與實施態樣。
為了使本揭示內容的敘述更加詳盡與完備,下文針對了本發明的實施態樣與具體實施例提出了說明性的描述;但這並非實施或運用本發明具體實施例的唯一形式。實施方式中涵蓋了多個具體實施例的特徵以及用以建構與操作這些具體實施例的方法步驟與其順序。然而,亦可利用其他具體實施例來達成相同或均等的功能與步驟順序。
I 定義
除非本說明書另有定義,此處所用的科學與技術詞彙之含義與本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所理解與慣用的意義相同。
在不和上下文衝突的情形下,本說明書所用的單數名詞涵蓋該名詞的複數型;而所用的複數名詞時亦涵蓋該名詞的單數型。
雖然用以界定本發明較廣範圍的數值範圍與參數皆是約略的數值,此處已盡可能精確地呈現具體實施例中的相關數值。然而,任何數值本質上不可避免地含有因個別測試方法所致的標準偏差。在此處,「約」通常係指實際數值在一特定數值或範圍的正負10%、5%、1%或0.5%之內。或者是,「約」一詞代表實際數值落在平均值的可接受標準誤差之內,視本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者的考量而定。除了實驗例之外,或除非另有明確的說明,當可理解此處所用的所有範圍、數量、數值與百分比(例如用以描述材料用量、時間長短、溫度、操作條件、數量比例及其他相似者)均經過「約」的修飾。因此,除非另有相反的說明,本說明書與附隨申請專利範圍所揭示的數值參數皆為約略的數值,且可視需求而更動。至少應將這些數值參數理解為所指出的有效位數與套用一般進位法所得到的數值。在此處,將數值範圍表示成由一端點至另一段點或介於二端點之間;除非另有說明,此處所述的數值範圍皆包含端點。
在本揭示內容中,「製劑」(formulation)一詞是指一種不同內含的組合,可以是在細胞培養時先以活性分子調理細胞製造不同EV內含物,或是在取得EV後包覆(encapsulated)或包埋(embedded)不同活性劑於該EV中。本揭示內容之製劑包含一具有脂質體結構(即包覆於雙層脂質之親水性核)的EV,以及至少一種不同內容物或包覆不同活性劑於該EV內。
在本揭示內容中,「包覆」(encapsulate)一詞是指包含(encompass)、包封(encase)或以其他方式連接二或多種內生或外加包覆的過程,據以將內生的活性分子或外加的活性劑包含於結構中或結構上。「包覆」(encapsulate)一詞在本揭示內容是指將一或多分子(例如本發明活性分子及活性劑)包含於一個胞外囊泡顆粒(舉例來說,EV的親油/親水性膜)中。一般來說,可以EV的雙層脂質包圍或覆蓋其表面的活性劑。
在本揭示內容中,「治療」(treat)一詞包含部份或完全預防、改善、減輕及/或處理一疾病之症狀、次要疾病或病徵。「治療」(treat)一詞於此說明書中亦指應用或投予本揭示內容之製劑至一個體,以達到部份或完全減輕、減緩、治癒疾病、延遲發病、抑制病程發展、降低疾病嚴重性,及/或降低一或多個與肌少症相關的症狀、次要疾病或病徵的發生。「治療」亦可以是投予至患有早期該些病徵或症狀之個體,以降低與肌少症相關之症狀、次要疾病或病徵的發生。當一或多症狀或臨床標記降低時,則該治療為有效(effective)。或者是,當一症狀、次要疾病或病徵的進程減緩或中止時,則該治療為有效(effective)。
在本揭示內容中,「個體」(subject)一詞是指包含人類的動物,其可接受本發明方法的治療。除非特定指出,否則「個體」(subject)一詞同時意指男性及女性。
II 具體實施方式
於現代醫學中,胞外囊泡的應用已愈趨廣泛;舉例來說,作為一種生物標記來治療或診斷疾病、作為傳遞藥物的載體及於胞器治療方法等。本揭示內容的部份是基於發現到血漿及尿液中胞外囊泡的內含物(例如生長因子及抗發炎因子等活性分子)種類及含量的差異,且相較於老年人,年輕人的尿液胞外囊泡(urinary extracellular vesicle, UEV)包含較高濃度的活性分子。據此,將源自年齡為35歲或以下的年輕人,或者是處於妊娠期的女性之尿液製成一製劑,用以治療不同疾病。
因此,本揭示內容之一態樣係關於一種包含胞外囊泡及複數個活性分子的製劑用以製備一藥物的用途。依據本揭示內容之實施方式,該胞外囊泡是由一個體的尿液所分離,且複數個活性分子是包覆於胞外囊泡中;較佳地,該個體是年齡小於或等於35歲的人類,或是處於妊娠期的女性個體。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該藥物是用以治療疾病,其中該疾病包含,但不限於,發炎性疾病、母嬰疾病、自體免疫疾病、心血管疾病、乾眼症、糖尿病、急慢性腦損傷、急慢性腎臟病、退化性疾病、美容、再生醫學、輻射傷害、頑固傷口、癌症或感染症。
例示性發炎性疾病包含,但不限於,花粉症、牙周炎、腦炎、角膜炎、結膜炎、鼻炎、中耳炎、牙齦炎、咽炎、扁桃腺炎、肺炎、肝炎、腸炎、痢疾、前列腺炎、子宮內膜炎、宮頸炎、盆腔炎或甲溝炎。
例示性自體免疫疾病包含,但不限於,抗磷脂質症候群、結締組織疾病、紅斑狼瘡、乳靡瀉(celiac disease)、第1型糖尿病、瀰漫性毒性甲狀腺腫(或是格雷夫斯症)、銀屑病(亦稱乾癬或牛皮癬)、類風濕性關節炎、弛緩不能(achalasia)、愛迪生氏病(Addison's disease)、無γ球蛋白血症(agammaglobulinemia)、良性黏膜類天疱瘡(benign mucosal pemphigoid)、大疱性類天疱瘡(bullous pemphigoid)、南美錐蟲病(Chagas' disease)、冷凝集素疾病(cold agglutinin disease)、疱疹性皮膚炎(dermatitis herpetiformis)、慢性盤狀狼瘡(chronic discoid lupus)、嗜伊紅球性筋膜炎(eosinophilic fasciitis)。
例示性心血管疾病包含,但不限於,冠狀動脈症候群、中風、高血壓性心臟病(hypertensive heart disease)、風濕性心臟病、動脈瘤、心肌病變、心房顫動、先天性心臟病、心內膜炎或周邊動脈阻塞性疾病。
例示性退化性疾病包含,但不限於,阿滋海默症(Alzheimer’s disease)、帕金森氏症(Parkinson’s disease)、肌肉萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,亦即漸凍人)、失智症、小腦運動失調症、進行性上核麻痺症(progressive supranuclear palsy)、骨質疏鬆症(osteoporosis)、囊腫纖維化 (cystic fibrosis)、艾登二氏症候群(Ehlers-Danlos syndrome,亦稱 先天性皮膚及皮下血管脆弱症)、亨丁頓氏舞蹈症(Huntington's disease)、嬰兒神經軸突退化(infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy)、球形角膜(keratoglobus)、腦白質失養症(leukodystrophy)、黃斑點退化(macular degeneration)、骨關節炎(osteoarthritis)或泰-薩二氏症(Tay–Sachs disease)。
例示性癌症包含,但不限於,腦癌、肺癌、乳癌、口腔癌、食道癌、胃癌、肝癌、膽管癌、胰臟癌、結腸癌、腎癌、胃癌、子宮頸癌、卵巢癌或前列腺癌。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該藥物係以局部、結膜內、鼻腔內、氣管內、口服、脊髓內、靜脈內、動脈內、肌肉內、皮下、關節內、心室內、腦室內、腹腔或中耳內投予的方式投予至所需個體。
依據本揭示內容實施方式,該藥物是由包含胞外囊泡及複數個活性分子的製劑所製備而成,其中該製劑是利用以下方法來製備,包含(a)自尿液分離胞外囊泡;(b)將步驟(a)分離的胞外囊泡與活性劑在不同緩衝液下(pH 3.0-10.0)結合;以及(c)分離純化步驟(b)之產物,以得到本發明製劑。
在步驟(a)中,本領域具有通常知識者可利用胞外囊泡與尿液中其它汙染物(例如尿酸、肌酸酐、鈉、氨等成分)間尺寸、密度及/或親和力的差異,以差速離心法、尺寸排阻層析法、蔗糖密度梯度離心法、免疫親合捕捉法等任一種習知可用以分離所欲物質的方法,將胞外囊泡自尿液中分離出來。依據本揭示內容操作性實施方式,離心、濾膜、中空纖維濾膜、透析、層析或親和力結合來分離胞外囊泡。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,經分離的尿液胞外囊泡(urinary extracellular vesicle, UEV)包覆複數個內源性活性分子(即,源自個體之活性分子),例如生長因子、免疫調節因子、抗癌因子、抗發炎因子、抗感染因子、抗老化因子、抗氧化因子、抗放射因子、核酸或其組合。
例示性之生長因子包含,但不限於,血管生長素(angiopoietin)、巨噬細胞群落刺激因子(macrophage colony-stimulating factor, M-CSF)、顆粒性白血球群落刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF)、顆粒性白血球巨噬細胞群落刺激因子(granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF)、胎盤生長因子(placental growth factor, PLGF)、血管內皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、纖維母細胞生長因子(fibroblast growth factor, FGF)、表皮生長因子(epidermal growth factor, EGF)、骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein, BMP)、內皮因子(endoglin)、內皮素(endothelin)、瘦素(leptin)、濾泡抑素(follistatin)、肝細胞生長因子(hepatocyte growth factor, HGF)、類胰島素生長因子(insulin-like growth factor, IGF)、角質細胞生長因子(keratinocyte growth factor, KGF)、神經生長因子(nerve growth factor, NGF)、轉形生長因子-α (transforming growth factor-α, TGF-α)、轉形生長因子-β (TGF-β)、軟骨生長因子(cartilage growth factor, CGF)、幹細胞因子(stem cell factor, SCF)、腦神經滋養因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)、血小板衍生生長因子(platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF)、介白素(interleukin, IL)及肝配(ephrin)。
例示性之免疫調節因子包含,但不限於,胜肽、核酸(例如小干擾核糖核酸(small interference ribonucleic acid, siRNA)、小髮夾核糖核酸(small hairpin ribonucleic acid, shRNA)及微核糖核酸(micro-ribonucleic acid miRNA))、介白素(interleukin,例如IL-2、IL-7、IL-12)、細胞激素(例如G-CSF及干擾素(interferon, IFN))、趨化介素(chemokine;例如CXC趨化因子配體13 (CXC motif chemokine ligand 13, CXCL13)、CC趨化因子配體26 (CC motif chemokine ligand 26, CCL26)及CXCL7)、免疫檢查點之拮抗劑(例如抗-細胞毒性T淋巴球相關抗原4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA-4)、抗-細胞程式性死亡受體1 (programmed death 1, PD1)或抗-PD-L1 (PD-1之配體)、抗-淋巴球激活基因3 (lymphocyte-activation gene 3, LAG3)以及抗-B7同源體3 (B7 homolog 3, B7-H3)。
例示性之抗發炎因子包含,但不限於,IL1-RA、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-11、IL-13、IL-18、腫瘤壞死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、VEGF及TGF-β。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該活性分子是核酸,其中該核酸可以是DNA或RNA。在本揭示內容一例示性實施方式中,該核酸為RNA,舉例來說,mRNA、lncRNA、siRNA、shRNA或miRNA。或者是,核酸可以是一DNA適體或一RNA適體。例示性之miRNA包含miRNA前體(agomir)以及miRNA拮抗核酸(antagomir)。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該胞外囊泡包覆生長因子、抗發炎因子、核酸或其組合。依據本揭示內容特定實施方式,該胞外囊泡包覆G-CSF、EGF、IL1-RA及miRNA let-7i。
為了優化胞外囊泡中包覆的活性因子的種類及含量,該製劑可更包含一外源性活性劑(即,非源自個體之活性物質),其中該外源性活性劑是在pH3.0-10.0的環境下(例如pH 3.0、3.1、3.2、3.3、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7、3.8、3.9、4.0、4.1、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8、4.9、5.0、5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4、5.5、5.6、5.7、5.8、5.9、6.0、6.1、6.2、6.3、6.4、6.5、6.6、6.7、6.8、6.9、7.0、7.1、7.2、7.3、7.4、7.5、7.6、7.7、7.8、7.9、8.0、8.1、8.2、8.3、8.4、8.5、8.6、8.7、8.8、8.9、9.0、9.1、9.2、9.3、9.4、9.5、9.6、9.7、9.8、9.9或10.0)與胞外囊泡結合(步驟(b))。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該外源性活性劑可以是抗發炎劑、抗感染劑、抗老化劑、抗氧化劑、抗癌劑或其組合。依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該外源性活性劑是一由植物組成萃取之植物成分,其中該植物組成係選自由葉、莖、根、花、塊莖、花粉、果實及種子所組成的群組。或者是,該外源性活性劑可以是一萃取自真菌或細菌的萃取物。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該外源性活性劑是抗發炎劑。例示性之抗發炎劑包含,但不限於,非類固醇類的抗發炎藥物(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NASID),例如阿司匹靈(aspirin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)及那普洛辛(naproxen)。其他的例示性抗發炎藥劑包含阿氯芬酸(alclofenac)、阿氯米松雙丙酸酯(alclometasone dipropionate)、阿孕奈德(algestone acetonide)、α澱粉酶(alpha amylase)、安西法爾(amcinafal)、安西非特(amcinafide)、氨芬酸鈉(amfenac sodium)、鹽酸氨普立糖(amiprilose hydrochloride)、阿那白滯素(anakinra)、阿尼祿酸(anirolac)、阿尼 紮芬(anitrazafen)、阿紮丙宗(apazone)、巴柳氮二鈉 (balsalazide disodium)、節達 酸(bendazac)、苯噁洛芬(benoxaprofen)、鹽酸節達明(benzydamine hydrochloride)、鳳梨蛋白酶(bromelains)、溴呱莫(broperamole)、布地奈德(budesonide)、卡布洛芬(carprofen)、環洛芬(cicloprofen)、辛噴他宗(cintazone)、克利洛芬(cliprofen)、丙酸氯倍他索(clobetasol propionate)、丁氯倍他松(clobetasone butyrate)、氯吡酸(clopirac)、氯硫卡松丙酸鹽(cloticasone propionate)、醋酸三氟米松 (cormethasone acetate)、可托多松(cortodoxone)、癸酸鹽(decanoate)、地夫可特(deflazacort)、庚酸睾酮(delatestryl)、能普-睾酮(depo-testosterone)、地奈德(desonide)、去輕米松(desoximetasone)、二丙酸地塞米松(dexamethasone dipropionate)、雙氯芬酸鉀(diclofenac potassium)、雙氯芬酸鈉 (diclofenac sodium)、雙醋二氟拉松(diflorasonediacetate)、二氟米酮鈉 (diflumidone sodium)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、二氟潑尼醋(difluprednate)、雙酞嘆酮(diftalone)、二甲基亞碸(dimethyl sulfoxide)、輕西奈德(drocinonide)、甲地松(endrysone)、恩莫單抗(enlimomab)、依諾利康鈉(enolicam sodium)、依匹挫(epirizole)、依託度酸(etodolac)、依託芬那醋(etofenamate)、聯苯乙酸(felbinac)、非那莫(fenamole)、芬布芬(fenbufen)、芬氯酸(fenclofenac)、苯克洛 酸(fenclorac)、芬度柳(fendosal)、苯吡噁二酮(fenpipalone)、芬替酸(fentiazac)、夫拉紮酮(flazalone)、氟紮可特(fluazacort)、氟芬那酸(flufenamic acid)、氟咪挫(flumizole)、醋酸氟尼縮松(flunisolide acetate)、氟尼辛(flunixin)、氟尼辛葡甲胺(flunixin meglumine)、氟考丁醋(fluocortin butyl)、氟米龍醋酸醋(fluorometholone acetate)、苯氟喹酮(fluquazone)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、氟瑞托芬(fluretofen)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、咲喃洛芬(furaprofen)、咲羅布芬(furobufen)、哈西奈德(halcinonide)、丙酸齒倍他索(halobetasol propionate)、醋酸齒潑尼松(halopredone acetate)、異丁芬酸(ibufenac)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、布洛芬錯(ibuprofen aluminum)、皮考布洛芬(ibuprofen piconol)、伊洛達普(ilonidap)、吲噪美 辛(indomethacin)、吲噪美辛鈉 (indomethacin sodium)、吲噪布洛芬(indoprofen)、吲四挫(intrazole)、醋異氟龍(isoflupredone acetate)、氧卓乙酸(isoxepac)、伊索昔康(isoxicam)、酮基布洛芬(ketoprofen)、鹽酸洛非咪挫(lofemizole hydrochloride)、氯諾昔康(lomoxicam)、氯替潑諾碳酸乙醋(loteprednol etabonate)、甲氯滅酸鈉(meclofenamate sodium)、甲氯芬那酸(meclofenamic acid)、甲氯松二丁 醋(meclorisone dibutyrate)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、美沙拉嗪(mesalamine)、美西拉宗(meseclazone)、甲二氛睾酬(mesterolone)、美雄酬(methandrostenolone)、美替諾龍(methenolone)、美替諾龍醋酸醋(methenolone acetate)、磺庚甲潑尼龍(methylprednisolone suleptanate)、嗎尼氟醋(momiflumate)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、諾龍(nandrolone)、萘普生(naproxen)、萘普生鈉 (naproxen sodium)、甲氧萘丙醇(naproxol)、尼馬宗(nimazone)、奧沙拉嗪鈉(olsalazinesodium)、肝蛋白(orgotein)、奧帕諾辛(orpanoxin)、氧甲氫龍(oxandrolane)、奧沙普秦(oxaprozin)、羥基保泰松(oxyphenbutazone)、輕甲稀龍(oxymetholone)、鹽酸瑞尼托林(paranyline hydrochloride)、戊聚糖多硫酸鈉(pentosan polysulfate sodium)、甘油保泰松鈉(phenbutazone sodium glycerate)、吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)、吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、肉桂酸吡羅昔康(piroxicam cinnamate)、吡羅昔康乙醇胺(piroxicam olamine)、比諾布洛芬(pirprofen)、潑那紮特(prednazate)、普立非酮(prifelone)、普羅度酸(prodolic acid)、普羅喹宗(proquazone)、普羅沙挫(proxazole)、枸橡酸普羅沙挫(proxazolecitrate)、利美索龍(rimexolone)、氯馬紮利(romazarit)、水楊酸膽鹼硫酸儀(salcolex)、沙那西定(salnacedin)、雙水楊醋(salsalate)、血根氯鞍(sanguinarium chloride)、司克拉宗(seclazone)、絲美辛(sermetacin)、康力龍(stanozolol)、舒多昔 康(sudoxicam)、舒林酸(sulindac)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、他美辛(talmetacin)、氟煙酞醋 (talniflumate)、他洛柳醋(talosalate)、特丁非隆(tebufelone)、替尼達普(tenidap)、替尼達普鈉(tenidap sodium)、替諾昔康(tenoxicam)、氧喹苯胺(tesicam)、辛叉異喹酮(tesimide)、睾酮、睾酮混合物(testosterone blends)、四氫甲吲胺(tetrydamine)、硫平酸(tiopinac)、替可的松匹伐醋(tixocortol pivalate)、托美丁(tolmetin)、托美丁鈉(tolmetin sodium)、三氯氟松(triclonide)、三氟氨醋(triflumidate)、齊多美辛(zidometacin)及苯醯吡酸鈉(zomepirac sodium)及其組合。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該外源性活性劑是抗感染劑。例示性之抗感染劑包含,但不限於,LL37、IFN-α、親水性及疏水性抗生素及適體。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該外源性活性劑是抗老化劑。例示性之抗老化劑包含,但不限於,薑黃素(curcumin)、輔酶Q10、葉黃素(xanthophyll,例如蝦青素、岩藻黃素(fucoxanthin)及玉米黃質(zeaxanthin))、二甲雙胍(metformin)、L-麩胺基硫、類視色素(retinoid)、α-羥酸、β-羥酸及黃體素(lutein)。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該外源性活性劑是抗氧化劑。例示性之抗氧化因子包含,但不限於,胺(例如,N,N-二乙基羥胺(N,N-diethylhydroxylamine)及胺基胍(amino-guanidine))、精胺酸吡酮(arginine pilolate)、抗壞血酸(ascorbic acid)及其鹽類、脂肪酸之抗壞血酸酯(ascorbyl ester of fatty acid)、生物類黃酮(bioflavonoid)、丁基化羥基苯甲酸(butylated hydroxy benzoic acid)及其鹽類、二羥基反丁烯二酸(dihydroxy fumaric acid)及其鹽類、沒食子酸(gallic acid)及其烷基酯(例如,沒食子酸丙酯(propyl gallate)及尿酸)、 甘胺酸吡酮酸鹽(glycine pidolate)、6-羥基-2,5,7,8-四甲基二氫苯并哌喃-2-羧酸(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid)、硫辛酸(lipoic acid)、離胺酸(lysine)、黑色素(melanin)、甲硫胺酸(methionine)、降二氫癒創木酸(nordihydroguaiaretic acid)、脯胺酸(proline)、水飛薊素(silymarin)、山梨酸(sorbic acid)及其鹽類、巰基化合物(例如麩胺基硫(glutathione))、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase)、過氧化氫酶(catalase)、茶萃取物、葡萄皮/種子萃取物、迷迭香萃取物、生育酚醋酸鹽(tocopherol acetate)、生育酚、生育酚山梨酸鹽(tocopherol sorbate)及其組合。
依據本揭示內容某些實施方式,該外源性活性劑是抗癌劑。例示性之抗癌劑包含,但不限於,薑黃素、IFN、細胞激素、抗體(例如曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab, HERCEPTIN®)、賀癌寧(trastuzumab emtansine, Kadcyla®)、貝伐單抗(bevacizumab, AVASTIN®)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab, ERBITUX®)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab, VECTIBIX®)、利妥昔(rituximab, RITUXAN®)及百克沙(tositumomab, BEXXAR®))、抗雌性素(anti-estrogen,例如他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)及甲地孕酮(megestrol))、黃體釋素促效劑(LHRH agonist,例如戈舍瑞林(goscrclin)及醋酸亮丙瑞林(leuprolide))、抗雄性素(anti-androgen,例如氟他胺(flutamide)及比卡魯胺(bicalutamide))、光動力治療(photodynamic therapies,例如維替泊芬(vertoporfin, BPD-MA)、酞菁(phthalocyanine)、光敏劑Pc4 (photosensitizer Pc4)及去甲氧基竹紅菌素(demethoxy-hypocrellin A, 2BA-2-DMHA))、氮芥(nitrogen mustard,例如環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、氯乙環磷醯胺(trofosfamide)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)及美法崙(melphalan))、亞硝基尿素(nitrosoureas,例如卡莫司汀(carmustine, BCNU)及洛莫司汀(lomustine, CCNU))、烷基磺酸(alkylsulphonate,例如白消安(busulfan)及蘇消安(treosulfan))、三氮烯(triazene,例如達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)及替莫唑胺(temozolomide))、含鉑化合物(platinum containing compound,例如順鉑(cisplatin)、卡鉑(carboplatin)及奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin))、長春花生物鹼(vinca alkaloid,例如長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春花鹼(vinblastine)、長春地辛(vindesine)及長春瑞濱(vinorelbine))、類紫杉醇(taxoid,例如紫杉醇(paclitaxel)或與奈米粒子白蛋白結合之紫杉醇(Abraxane)、與十二碳六烯酸結合之紫杉醇(DHA-paclitaxel, Taxoprexin)、與聚谷氨酸結合之紫杉醇(PG-paclitaxel, paclitaxel poliglumex, CT-2103, XYOTAX)、腫瘤活化前趨藥物ANG1005 (Angiopep-2 bound to three molecules of paclitaxel)、紫杉醇-EC-1 (paclitaxel bound to the erbB2-recognizing peptide EC-1)及與葡萄糖結合之紫杉醇(例如依托泊苷(etoposide)、磷酸依托泊苷(etoposide phosphate)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、托泊替康(topotecan)、9-氨基喜樹鹹(9-aminocamptothecin)、康托替康(camptoirinotecan)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、甲磺酸(crisnatol)及絲裂黴素C (mytomycin C))等紫杉醇等效物)、抗代謝藥物(anti-metabolite)、二氫葉酸還原酶抑制劑(DHFR inhibitor,例如氨甲喋呤(methotrexate)、二氯甲氨蝶呤(dichloromethotrexate)、三甲蝶呤(trimetrexate)及依達曲沙(edatrexate))、肌苷-5'-單磷酸去氫酶抑制劑(IMP dehydrogenase inhibitor,例如黴酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、噻唑呋林(tiazofurin)、利巴韋林(ribavirin)及EICAR))、核糖核苷酸還原酶抑制劑(ribonuclotide reductase inhibitor,例如羥基尿素(hydroxyurea)及去鐵胺(deferoxamine))、尿嘧啶相似物(uracil analog,例如5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil, 5-FU)、氟尿苷(floxuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、雷替曲塞(ratitrexed)、替加氟尿嘧啶(tegafur-uracil)及卡培他濱(capecitabine))、胞嘧啶相似物(cytosine analog,例如阿糖胞苷(cytarabine, ara C或cytosine arabinoside)及氟達拉濱(fludarabine))、嘌呤相似物(purine analog,例如巰基嘌呤(mercaptopurine)及硫鳥嘌呤(Thioguanine))、維生素D3相似物(vitamin D3 analog,例如EB 1089、CB 1093及KH 1060)、異戊二烯抑制劑(isoprenylation inhibitor,例如洛伐他汀(lovastatin))、多巴胺能神經毒素(dopaminergic neurotoxin,例如1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶離子(1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion))、細胞週期抑制劑(例如星形孢菌素(staurosporine))、放線菌素(actinomycin,例如放線菌素D)、博萊黴素(bleomycin,例如博萊黴素A2、博萊黴素B2及培洛黴素(peplomycin))、蒽環類藥物(anthracycline,例如柔紅黴素(daunorubicin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、聚乙二醇化脂質體多柔比星(pegylated liposomal doxorubicin)、伊達比星(idarubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、吡柔比星(pirarubicin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin)及米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone))、多重抗藥性抑制劑(MDR inhibitor,例如維拉帕米(verapamil))、鈣離子三磷酸腺苷酶抑制劑(Ca2+ATPase inhibitor,例如毒胡蘿蔔素(thapsigargin))、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、沙利度胺(thalidomide)、來那度胺(lenalidomide)、酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,例如阿西替尼(axitinib, AG013736)、波舒(bosutinib, SKI-606)、尼布(cediranib, RECENTINTM, AZD2171)、達沙替尼(dasatinib, SPRYCEL®, BMS-354825)、厄洛替尼(erlotinib, TARCEVA®)、吉非替尼(gefitinib, IRESSA®)、伊馬替尼(imatinib, Gleevec®, CGP57148B, STI-571)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib, TYKERB®, TYVERB®)、來他替尼(lestaurtinib, CEP-701)、那替尼(neratinib, HKI-272)、尼洛(nilotinib, TASIGNA®)、馬沙尼(semaxanib, semaxinib, SU5416)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib, SUTENT®, SU11248)、托西尼布(toceranib, PALLADIA®)、凡德他尼(vandetanib, ZACTIMA®, ZD6474)、瓦他拉尼(vatalanib, PTK787, PTK/ZK)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab, HERCEPTIN®)、貝伐單抗(bevacizumab, AVASTIN®)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab, RITUXAN®)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab, ERBITUX®)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab, VECTIBIX®)、蘭尼單抗(ranibizumab, Lucentis®)、尼洛(nilotinib, TASIGNA®)、索拉非尼(sorafenib, NEXAVAR®)、依維莫司(everolimus, AFINITOR®)、阿崙單抗(alemtuzumab, CAMPATH®)、吉妥單抗(gemtuzumab ozogamicin, MYLOTARG®)、西羅莫司(temsirolimus, TORISEL®)、ENMD-2076、PCI-32765、AC220、多韋替尼乳酸鹽(dovitinib lactate, TKI258, CHIR-258)、BIBW 2992 (TOVOKTM)、SGX523、PF-04217903、PF-02341066、PF-299804、BMS-777607、ABT-869、MP470、BIBF 1120 (VARGATEF®)、AP24534、JNJ-26483327、MGCD265、DCC-2036、BMS-690154、CEP-11981、替洛尼(tivozanib, AV-951)、OSI-930、MM-121、XL-184、XL-647、及/或XL228)、蛋白酶抑制劑(proteasome inhibitor,例如硼替佐米(bortezomib, Velcade))、哺乳類斥消靈標的蛋白抑制劑(mTOR inhibitor,例如雷帕黴素(rapamycin)、西羅莫司(temsirolimus, CCI-779)、依維莫司(everolimus, RAD-001)、雷帕黴素衍生物(ridaforolimus, AP23573, Ariad)、AZD8055 (AstraZeneca)、BEZ235 (Novartis)、BGT226 (Norvartis)、XL765 (Sanofi Aventis)、PF-4691502 (Pfizer)、GDC0980 (Genetech)、SF1126 (Semafoe)及OSI-027 (OSI))、奧利默森(oblimersen)、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)、洋紅黴素(carminomycin)、亞葉酸鈣(leucovorin)、培美曲塞(pemetrexed)、環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、甲基芐肼(procarbizine或procarbazine)、潑尼松龍(prednisolone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、喜樹鹼(campathecin)、普卡黴素(plicamycin)、天門冬醯胺酶(asparaginase)、氨基蝶呤(aminopterin)、甲氨蝶呤(methopterin)、紫菜黴素(porfiromycin)、美法崙(melphalan)、異長春鹼(leurosidine)、環氧長春鹼(leurosine)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、曲貝替定(trabectedin)、海綿內酯(discodermolide)、洋紅黴素(carminomycin)及六甲基三聚氰胺(hexamethyl melamine)。
依據本揭示內容較佳的實施方式,該外源性活性劑是選自由阿司匹靈、蝦紅素、退黑激素、二甲雙胍、脂多醣、植化素、薑黃素、DHEA、茶酚、多酚、三帖類及其組合所組成之群組。最佳地,該外源性活性劑為薑黃素、蝦紅素、二甲雙胍或其組合。
最後,如步驟(c)所述,分離純化步驟(b)的產物以得到本發明製劑。依據本揭示內容實施方式,是以離心、濾膜、中空纖維濾膜、透析、層析或親和力結合來分離純化該包含胞外囊泡及活性劑的製劑,本發明領域具有通常知識者可依實驗需求改以其他本領域習知,用以篩選具有特定尺寸之所欲物質的技術來得到本發明製劑。
下文提出多個實驗例來說明本發明的某些態樣,以利本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者實作本發明,且不應將這些實驗例視為對本發明範圍的限制。據信習知技藝者在閱讀了此處提出的說明後,可在不需過度解讀的情形下,完整利用並實踐本發明。此處所引用的所有公開文獻,其全文皆視為本說明書的一部分。
實施例
材料與方法
1 製備本發明製劑
為了得到本發明製劑,首先分別收集受試者的尿液檢體約30-300毫升,離心去除雜質,接著再以濾膜、中空纖維濾膜、透析或磁珠等習知可用以自檢體中分離EV的技術,得到直徑介於0.02-0.8微米之UEV,並將收集到的UEV進行濃縮,使每毫升約包含1×10
12個UEV,分裝後冷凍保存。
接著,使用奈米追蹤儀(nanoparticle tracking analyzer, NTA)測定UEV的數量與大小,並且使用西方墨點法鑑定這些UEV帶有胞外囊泡的特殊指標CD9和CD63。再者,可於pH 3.0-10.0之環境中,以室溫培養藉以將疏水性蝦紅素、薑黃素(具有陽離子特性)及二甲雙胍分別包覆於EV之脂質體結構中。本研究是將0、15、30或50微莫耳濃度(μM)蝦紅素;0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.5或1毫莫耳濃度(mM)薑黃素;或是0.25、0.5、1、2 mM二甲雙胍加至置於10毫升之無血清培養液中的製劑(每毫升約1×10
11個UEV)中,於室溫反應15分鐘。接著,以0.02微米濾網過濾混合物,以得到具有疏水性蝦紅素、薑黃素或二甲雙胍包覆於UEV的結構中的製劑,並分別命名為薑黃素-UEV、蝦紅素-UEV及二甲雙胍-UEV。
2 細胞培養
由全球生物資源中心(Global Bioresource Center, ATCC)購買C2C12肌原細胞,並將其培養於包含10% 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)之DMEM (Dulbecco modified eagle medium)細胞培養液中,培養於37°C之5% CO
2潮溼培養箱中。
3 處理C2C12肌原細胞生長
將培養好的C2C12肌原細胞置於無血清的環境中,對C2C12肌原細胞(每孔洞1x10
3細胞)投予特定處理24小時。以台酚藍排除試驗及CCK-8細胞增生試驗來分析細胞存活率及增生情況。
4 分析EV中miRNA的表現
利用市售套組建構UEV中miRNA的資料庫進行定序分析,再與miRBase資料庫進行比對,以分析UEV中的miRNA。
此外,為了驗證UEV內miRNA的種類及含量,以市售套組抽取UEV的RNA,接著以互補去氧核醣核酸(complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, cDNA)合成套組及表1各基因的主幹-迴圈反轉錄(reverse transcription, RT)引子將miRNA反轉錄為cDNA,並以所述cDNA作為模板,利用各基因的正向及反向引子(表1)進行即時聚合酶連鎖反應(real-time PCR, qPCR)來驗證目標miRNA於UEV中的表現量。
表1 引子序列
引子名稱 | 序列 (5’→3’) | 序列編號 |
miR-148-3p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACACAAAG | 1 |
miR-148-3p正向引子 | GCTCAGTGCACTACAGAAC | 2 |
miR-148-3p反向引子 | GTGCAGGGTCCGAGGT | 3 |
miR-660-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACCAACTC | 4 |
miR-660-5p正向引子 | AGTACCCATTGCATATCGGA | 5 |
miR-660-5p反向引子 | GGTCCAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCAAC | 6 |
Let-7i-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAACAGC | 7 |
Let-7i-5p正向引子 | GCAGTGAGGTAGTAGTTTGTG | 8 |
Let-7i-5p反向引子 | GGTCCAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAACAG | 9 |
miR-30a-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACCTTCCA | 10 |
miR-30a-5p正向引子 | AACACGCTGTAAACATCCTCG | 11 |
miR-30a-5p反向引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGT | 12 |
miR-21-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACTCAACA | 13 |
miR-21-5p正向引子 | AAGCGACCTAGCTTATCAGACT | 14 |
miR-21-5p反向引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGT | 15 |
miR-125a-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACTCACAG | 16 |
miR-125a-5p正向引子 | GGTCATTCCCTGAGACCCTTTAAC | 17 |
miR-125a-5p反向引子 | GTGCAGGGTCCGAGGT | 18 |
Let-7a-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAACTAT | 19 |
Let-7a-5p正向引子 | ACGCTGAGGTAGTAGGTTG | 20 |
Let-7a-5p反向引子 | GCAATTCGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAACTAT | 21 |
miR423-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAAAGTC | 22 |
miR423-5p正向引子 | CAGTGAGGGGCAGAGAG | 23 |
miR423-5p反向引子 | GGTCCAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAAAGTC | 24 |
miR424-5p主幹-迴圈RT引子 | GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATTCGCACTGGATACGACAAAGTC | 25 |
miR424-5p正向引子 | AGCAGCAGCAATTCATGT | 26 |
miR424-5p反向引子 | AGGTCCAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCAA | 27 |
U6主幹-迴圈RT引子 | CGCTTCACGAATTTGCGTGTCAB | 28 |
U6正向引子 | GCTTCGGCAGCACATATACTAAAAT | 29 |
U6反向引子 | CGCTTCACGAATTTGCGTGTCAT | 30 |
5 UEV對免疫T細胞分化之功效
投予刺激後,T細胞會由靜止狀況(Tho)分化為具有不同功能之T細胞。當T細胞分化為輔助性T細胞1型(T helper 1, Th1)或輔助性T細胞2型(T helper 2, Th2)時,其細胞表面受體會表現不同的特性,其中CD194表現代表Th1;CD183表現代表Th2;CD25/CD127代表調節T細胞(regulatory T cells, Treg);CD196代表輔助性T細胞17型(T helper 17, Th17)。利用流式細胞儀及以抗-CD183、及抗-CD194、抗-CD25/CD127及抗-CD196的抗體分別代表分化為Th1、Th2、Treg或Th17來檢測投予UEV處理後之T細胞的分化狀況。
6 UEV對巨噬細胞分化之功效
巨噬細胞可依據不同微環境的刺激分化為M1或M2型態。當巨噬細胞分化為M1型或M2型巨噬細胞時,其細胞表面受體會表現不同的特性,其中CD163及CD206分別表現代表M1和M2型態。利用流式細胞儀及抗-CD163及抗-CD206抗體來檢測投予UEV處理後之巨噬細胞的M1和M2分化狀況。
7 UEV對活性含氧物(reactive oxygen species, ROS)釋放之功效
首先,以佛波醇-12-十四烷酰-13-乙酸酯(phorbol myristoyl acetate, PMA)刺激嗜中性白血球(每毫升1×10
6細胞)或C2C12肌原細胞(每孔洞1×10
3細胞)產生氧游離根,接著以1:50000的比例將UEV加入細胞培養液中處理30分鐘,再以磷酸鹽緩衝溶液清洗後,以1 μM的二氫乙啶(hydroethidium, HE) (10μM)及流式細胞儀來分析ROS的含量。
8 UEV對嗜中性白血球胞外網狀結構形成(neutrophil extracellular trap formation, NETosis)之功效。
以100 奈克(nanogram, ng)的PMA誘導嗜中性白血球(每毫升1×10
6細胞)產生NETosis,再加入UEV (比例為1:5000)或miRNA反應6小時,最後加入螢光染劑及髓質過氧化酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO)進行染色,以波長485奈米的激發光及流式細胞儀分析細胞內NETosis的比率。
實施例1 UEV的特性分析
1.1 濃度及大小
在本實施例中以奈米追蹤儀來分析UEV的濃度及大小。
分析結果指出,UEV的平均大小介於106-110奈米,其中直徑為74奈米的UEV占大多數(第1圖小圖A及表2)。經濃縮處理後,UEV的濃度由每毫升約5-11×10
9個UEV提升至每毫升約1-1.3×10
12個UEV (表2)。
表2. UEV收集前後的大小與濃度
UEV種類 | 平均大小(奈米) | 眾數(奈米) | 濃度(UEV/ml) |
原始尿液 | 112±3.4 | 80.4±2.0 | 8.2±3.2x10 9 |
UEV | 108.3±2.0 | 73.5±1.0 | 1.1±0.15x10 12 |
1.2 活性分子分析
本實施例將檢測UEV的生物標記及內含的活性分子。實驗結果總結於表3。
流式細胞儀及西方墨點分析分別證明UEV會表現3種CD9、CD63及CD81 (數據未顯示),該些蛋白屬於四跨膜蛋白超家族(transmembrane 4 superfamily)可做為EV的指標,且UEV中富含EGF、FGF-2、G-CSF、GM-CSF、生長調節致癌基因(growth-regulated oncogene, GRO)、MDC、IL-1α、IL1-RA及IL-10等活性因子(表3)。
表3 UEV中的活性因子
活性因子 | UEV (pg/ml) |
EGF | 10,403±2417 |
FGF-2 | 39±10 |
G-CSF | 3,569±798 |
GM-CSF | 10±2 |
GRO | 36±9 |
MDC | 303±41 |
IL-1α | 10±5 |
IL1-RA | 1,874±897 |
IL-10 | 468±171 |
此外,依據受試者的年齡將分離的UEV分為年輕人組(年齡小於或等於35歲,下稱UEV-Y)及老年人組(年齡大於60歲,下稱UEV-O),並比較兩組UEV中活性因子含量之差異。結果總結於表4。
表4 UEV-Y及UEV-O中活性因子含量的差異
*:P<0.05;n=10
活性因子 | UEV-Y (pg/ml) | UEV-O (pg/ml) |
EGF | 10,403±2417 | 6,472±1428 |
G-CSF | 3,569±798* | 1,287±317 |
IL1-RA | 1,874±897* | 982±457 |
GRO | 36±9* | 620±451 |
IL-6 | 3±1* | 41±21 |
IL-8 | 60±37* | 819±520 |
IP-10 | 53±17 | 394±201 |
GM-CSF | 10±2 | 11±4 |
由表4的結果可知,相較於老年人的UEV,年輕人的UEV中包含較多的生長因子(EGF及G-CSF)及抗發炎因子(IL1-RA),且包含較少的發炎因子(GRO、IL-6、IL-8、IP10及GM-CSF),表示年輕人的UEV有較佳的抗發炎及促進生長等功效。
實施例2 UEV的抗發炎功效
2.1 分析UEV中miRNA的表現
在此實施例中分析UEV中與再生和抗發炎相關的miRNA (miR-148-3p、miR-660-5p、let-7i-5p、miR-30a-5p、miR-21-5p、miR-125a-5p、Let-7a-5p以及miR423-5p)的表現量,且以U6非編碼小核RNA作為對照組。
由結果可知,UEV富含許多抗發炎相關的miRNA,其中miR-148-3p及let-7i-5p的表現量最高;其次為miR-660-5p及miR423-5p (第2圖)。此外,該些miRNA也參與調控神經細胞發育,表示UEV於抗發炎及再生醫療領域的應用性。
2.2 UEV調節巨噬細胞分化
巨噬細胞會依據組織微環境的刺激而分化(或極化)成M1或M2型巨噬細胞;其中,M1型巨噬細胞會分泌許多促發炎因子(例如干擾素γ、IL-12、IL-23、TNF、IL-6、IL-1等)誘導發炎反應,藉以對抗胞內細菌或病毒;M2巨噬細胞則是分泌抗發炎因子(例如IL1-RA、TGF-β、CCL17等),來抑制發炎反應及幫助組織修復。
依據第3圖小圖A及B的結果,投予UEV會促進CD163及CD206的表現,而CD163為M1及CD206為M2型巨噬細胞的生物標記。由此可知,投予UEV可調節巨噬細胞表現代表免疫巨噬細胞陽性反應(M1)作用。
實施例3 UEV促進C2C12肌原細胞生長
在此實施例中,為了檢測胞外囊泡對細胞生長的影響,分別將分離自臍帶間質幹細胞的胞外囊泡(EV of mesenchymal stem cells, MEV)及尿液的胞外囊泡(UEV-Y及UEV-O)與肌原細胞共培養,並觀察不同胞外囊泡對細胞生長的影響。
實驗結果表示,來自不同生物檢體的EV皆具有促進肌原細胞生長的功效,而相較於UEV-O,UEV-Y具有較佳的促進肌原細胞生長的功效。據此,源自於年輕人的UEV更適合應用於肌肉神經再生的治療(第4圖)。
實施例4 UEV調節輔助型T細胞(T helper cell, Th)分化
在植物血凝素(phytohaemagglutinin, PHA, 1ug/ml)作用下,刺激輔助型T細胞分化為Th1、Th2、Treg或Th17,同時投予UEV,並以抗-CD183、抗-CD194、抗-CD25/CD127及抗-CD196的抗體分別代表分化為Th1、 Th2、Treg 或Th17,再以流式細胞儀檢測UEV調控輔助型T細胞分化成陽性(Th1; CD183)、陰性(Th2;CD194)、調節性(Treg; CD25/CD127) 和自體免疫反應(Th17; CD196)反應的分析結果。
實驗結果指出,UEV會影響Th1、Th2的分化作用,且會顯著抑制Th17和Treg的作用(第5圖小圖A-D)。
實施例5 UEV抑制嗜中性白血球內氧游離根生成
分別以PMA、PMA+UEV或UEV處理嗜中性白血球,經HE染色後,以流式細胞儀檢測嗜中性白血球的活性氧分子(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的含量。
依據第6圖的結果顯示,投予UEV可降低控制組的ROS含量,且也可以顯著抑制PMA誘導的ROS生成(以曼-惠特尼U考驗(Mann-Whitney U test)進行統計分析,*:p<0.05;n=6,);因此,UEV可有效抑制嗜中性白血球的氧游離根生成,達到抗氧化的作用。
實施例6 UEV抑制NETosis形成
NETosis已知是人體對抗外來感染的防禦機制,同時,也是血管栓塞或成人呼吸窘迫症候群的元兇。研究UEV對NETosis的調節作用,可以做為尋找抗發炎或抗栓塞的製劑模式。再者,已知NETosis參與諸如糖尿病、系統性紅斑性狼瘡、心血管疾病(例如血管栓塞或成人呼吸窘迫症候群)及類風濕性關節炎等不同疾病的致病機制。因此,可藉由觀察UEV對NETosis形成之影響,來驗證UEV對該些免疫疾病的可能免疫致病性模式。
依據第7圖的結果顯示,投予PMA會誘導嗜中性白血球形成NETosis (MPO含量增加) (小圖A);相較之下,投予UEV的組別可有效降低嗜中性白血球中MPO的含量,亦即UEV可抑制NETosis形成(小圖B)。此外,投予miRNA let-7i拮抗核酸會抑制UEV的抑制作用(小圖C),表示UEV內包含miRNA let-7i,且可藉由miRNA let-7i抑制白血球活性來達到抗發炎的目的,並進一步抑制NETosis形成,可用來抗發炎防治慢性疾病或是血管栓塞。
實施例7 UEV-P與UEV-O內活性因子的差異
第8圖的結果顯示,UEV-P中G-CSF和IFN-α2的含量,顯著高於UEV-O (第8圖小圖A及B);而UEV-P內發炎因子IL-6及單核球趨化因子蛋白1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1;亦稱為CCL2)的含量顯著低於UEV-O (第8圖小圖C及D)。UEV-P包含較多生長因子,且發炎因子的含量較低的特性,正好可以補足UEV-O內生長因子不足且發炎因子較多的差異。
實施例8 本發明製劑的特性分析
依據材料與方法1所述製備本發明製劑,其中薑黃素-UEV於0.25~0.5 mM時具有54-85%的結合率;蝦紅素-UEV於50 μM時具有54%結合率。
8.1 濃度及大小
薑黃素-UEV、蝦紅素-UEV及二甲雙胍-UEV(即本發明製劑)的平均大小分別為109、104及112奈米,表示包覆不同活性劑後,UEV的大小並不會有顯著的改變(第1圖小圖B-D及表5)。
UEV經包覆不同活性劑後,回收的薑黃素-UEV的濃度為每毫升約5.7-9.1×1011個UEV;蝦紅素-UEV的濃度為每毫升約9.1-10.2×1011個UEV及二甲雙胍-UEV的濃度為每毫升約9.4-10×1011個UEV (表5)。
表5. 本發明製劑的濃度及大小
本發明製劑 | 平均大小(奈米) | 眾數(奈米) | 濃度 |
薑黃素-UEV | 108.5±3.0 | 80.2±2.0 | 7.4 ± 0.40×10 11 |
蝦紅素-UEV | 104.3±2.5 | 75.1±1.5 | 9.7 ± 0.23×10 11 |
二甲雙胍-UEV | 112.2±4.0 | 72.3±1.0 | 9.7 ± 0.15×10 11 |
8.2 本發明不同UEV製劑抑制C2C12肌原細胞中氧游離根生成
為了探討本發明製劑與未加入活性劑之UEV-Y於抑制氧游離根生成之活性差異,在此分別將本發明製劑(即薑黃素-UEV以及蝦紅素-UEV)經過有無結合的濃度計算,再予與C2C12肌原細胞共培養1天,並以10μM的HE染色30分鐘後,利用流式細胞儀測定細胞內氧化游離根(ROS)的含量。研究發現UEV-Y、薑黃素-UEV以及蝦紅素-UEV,有不同的誘導游離根作用(第9圖小圖C)。
如第9圖小圖A和B所繪示的實驗結果指出,本發明可以有效結合不同濃度的小分子製劑。UEV與0.25-0.5 mM的薑黃素具有54-85%的結合率,UEV與50μM的蝦紅素及具有54%的結合率。
此外,小圖C的結果可知,結合不同活性劑的UEV (即本發明製劑薑黃素-UEV及蝦紅素-UEV)其影響C2C12肌原細胞中ROS生成的作用與未結合活性劑的UEV-Y影響ROS生成作用不同,表示本發明製劑可藉由包覆不同活性劑到UEV中,產生多樣的效用,增加不同UEV製劑的應用性。
總結上述,本揭示內容提供一種用以治療疾病的新穎UEV製劑。依據本揭示內容的實施例,可藉由分離年齡等於或小於35歲年輕人或處於妊娠期之女性個體的UEV,並與活性劑混合,據以得到一應用性廣泛(例如治療發炎性疾病、母嬰疾病、自體免疫病、心血管疾病、退化性疾病、輻射傷害、頑固傷口、癌症或感染症等疾病、再生或美容醫學)的藥物。
雖然上文實施方式中揭露了本發明的具體實施例,然其並非用以限定本發明,本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不悖離本發明之原理與精神的情形下,當可對其進行各種更動與修飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當以附隨申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
無
為讓本發明的上述與其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂,所附圖式之說明如下:
第1圖是依據本揭示內容實施例1.1及實施例8.1所繪示的散佈圖,用以闡述尿液的UEV及本發明製劑的尺寸差異。小圖A為UEV之尺寸分佈;小圖B為薑黃素-UEV之尺寸分佈;小圖C為蝦紅素-UEV之尺寸分佈;小圖D為二甲雙胍-UEV之尺寸分佈。UEV:尿液胞外囊泡。
第2圖是依據本揭示內容實施例2.1所繪示的散佈圖,分別闡述不同miRNA於UEV中的含量差異,其中是以Ct值來表示miRNA的含量。**:p<0.01;***:p<0.005。
第3圖是依據本揭示內容實施例2.2所繪示的長條圖,用以闡述僅經載體、氫氧化鋁或UEV處理及經氫氧化鋁與UEV共同處理的巨噬細胞表現代表不同免疫巨噬細胞陽性反應(M1)指標CD163及其巨噬細胞陰性反應(M2)的CD206表現含量。小圖A為經不同處理的巨噬細胞中代表M2表現的CD206含量;小圖B為經不同處理的巨噬細胞中代表M1表現的CD163含量。UEV:尿液胞外囊泡。實驗結果顯示,UEV具有調節巨噬細胞表現代表免疫巨噬細胞陽性反應(M1)作用。
第4圖是依據本揭示內容實施例3所繪示的長條圖,用以闡述不同來源的胞外囊泡對C2C12肌原細胞生長之影響的分析結果。Ctr:控制組;MEV:臍帶間質幹細胞的胞外囊泡;UEV-Y:年輕人尿液的胞外囊泡;UEV-O:老年人尿液的胞外囊泡。結果顯示,相較於UEV-O,UEV-Y可更有效地促進C2C12肌原細胞生長。*:p<0.05。
第5圖是依據本揭示內容實施例4所繪示的散佈圖及長條圖,用以闡述UEV調控輔助型T細胞分化成陽性(Th1;CD183)、陰性(Th2;CD194)、調節T細胞(regulatory T cells, Treg) (CD25/CD127) 和自體免疫反應(Th17; CD196)反應的分析結果。小圖A-C是代表性實驗;小圖D是4次不同試驗之結果。*:p<0.05。
第6圖是依據本揭示內容實施例5所繪示的長條圖,用以闡述分別未經處理、經過免疫刺激劑PMA(phorbol myristate acetate)、或是UEV處理及經PMA與UEV共同處理的中性白血球細胞中氧游離根(reactive oxygen species, ROS)含量的分析結果。實驗結果顯示UEV具有顯著抑制PMA誘導中性白血球細胞的氧游離產生作用。PMA:佛波醇-12-十四烷酰-13-乙酸酯;UEV:尿液胞外囊泡。*:p<0.05。
第7圖是依據本揭示內容實施例6所繪示的散佈圖,用以闡述UEV抑制嗜中性白血球發炎或死亡後,其胞外網狀結構形成(neutrophil extracellular trap formation, NETosis)的分析結果;小圖A為經PMA處理的嗜中性白血球顯著NETosis作用;小圖B為經UEV處理的嗜中性白血球NETosis減少;小圖C為經miRNA let-7i拮抗核酸處理的嗜中性白血球增加NETosis。實驗結果表示,UEV是利用miRNA let-7i來抑制嗜中性白血球的NETosis作用;NETosis 已知是人體對抗外來感染的防禦機制,同時也會造成血管栓塞或成人呼吸窘迫症候群。UEV具有抑制嗜中性白血球NETosis的作用,具有用來抗發炎防治血管栓塞或成人呼吸窘迫症候群的潛力。PMA:佛波醇-12-十四烷酰-13-乙酸酯;UEV:尿液胞外囊泡。
第8圖是依據本揭示內容實施例7所繪示的長條圖,用以闡述源自孕婦的UEV (UEV from a pregnant subject, UEV-P)和老人的UEV (UEV-O)的活性因子的含量差異。小圖A為G-CSF的含量差異;小圖B為干擾素-α2 (interferon, IFN -α2)的含量差異;小圖C為IL-6的含量差異;小圖D為單核球趨化因子蛋白1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1;亦稱為CCL2)的含量差異。實驗結果顯示,相較於UEV-O,UEV-P具有較高含量之G-CSF及IFN-α2,但具有較低含量的IL-6及MCP-1。UEV-P:妊娠期女性尿液的胞外囊泡;UEV-O:老年人尿液的胞外囊泡。
第9圖是依據本揭示內容實施例8.2所繪示的散佈圖及長條圖,其闡述UEV與不同濃度之不同活性劑的結合效率;以及UEV-Y、薑黃素-UEV與蝦紅素-UEV對C2C12肌原細胞中ROS生成的作用不同。小圖A為薑黃素及UEV的結合效率;小圖B:蝦紅素及UEV結合效率;小圖C為UEV-Y及本發明製劑對C2C12肌原細胞中ROS生成之作用。*:p<0.05。
序列表 <![CDATA[<110> 再生體健康生技股份有限公司]]> <![CDATA[<120> 尿液製劑之用途]]> <![CDATA[<130> P4264-TW]]> <![CDATA[<160> 30]]> <![CDATA[<170> BiSSAP 1.3.6]]> <![CDATA[<210> 1]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 1]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgacacaaag 50 <![CDATA[<210> 2]]> <![CDATA[<211> 19]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 2]]> gctcagtgca ctacagaac 19 <![CDATA[<210> 3]]> <![CDATA[<211> 16]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 3]]> gtgcagggtc cgaggt 16 <![CDATA[<210> 4]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 4]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgaccaactc 50 <![CDATA[<210> 5]]> <![CDATA[<211> 20]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 5]]> agtacccatt gcatatcgga 20 <![CDATA[<210> 6]]> <![CDATA[<211> 26]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 6]]> ggtccagttt tttttttttt ttcaac 26 <![CDATA[<210> 7]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 7]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgacaacagc 50 <![CDATA[<210> 8]]> <![CDATA[<211> 21]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 8]]> gcagtgaggt agtagtttgt g 21 <![CDATA[<210> 9]]> <![CDATA[<211> 27]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 9]]> ggtccagttt tttttttttt ttaacag 27 <![CDATA[<210> 10]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 10]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgaccttcca 50 <![CDATA[<210> 11]]> <![CDATA[<211> 21]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 11]]> aacacgctgt aaacatcctc g 21 <![CDATA[<210> 12]]> <![CDATA[<211> 19]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 12]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggt 19 <![CDATA[<210> 13]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 13]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgactcaaca 50 <![CDATA[<210> 14]]> <![CDATA[<211> 22]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 14]]> aagcgaccta gcttatcaga ct 22 <![CDATA[<210> 15]]> <![CDATA[<211> 19]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 15]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggt 19 <![CDATA[<210> 16]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 16]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgactcacag 50 <![CDATA[<210> 17]]> <![CDATA[<211> 24]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 17]]> ggtcattccc tgagaccctt taac 24 <![CDATA[<210> 18]]> <![CDATA[<211> 16]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 18]]> gtgcagggtc cgaggt 16 <![CDATA[<210> 19]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 19]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgacaactat 50 <![CDATA[<210> 20]]> <![CDATA[<211> 19]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 20]]> acgctgaggt agtaggttg 19 <![CDATA[<210> 21]]> <![CDATA[<211> 29]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 21]]> gcaattcgtt tttttttttt tttaactat 29 <![CDATA[<210> 22]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 22]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgacaaagtc 50 <![CDATA[<210> 23]]> <![CDATA[<211> 17]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 23]]> cagtgagggg cagagag 17 <![CDATA[<210> 24]]> <![CDATA[<211> 28]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 24]]> ggtccagttt tttttttttt ttaaagtc 28 <![CDATA[<210> 25]]> <![CDATA[<211> 50]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 25]]> gtcgtatcca gtgcagggtc cgaggtattc gcactggata cgacaaagtc 50 <![CDATA[<210> 26]]> <![CDATA[<211> 18]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 26]]> agcagcagca attcatgt 18 <![CDATA[<210> 27]]> <![CDATA[<211> 26]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 27]]> aggtccagtt tttttttttt tttcaa 26 <![CDATA[<210> 28]]> <![CDATA[<211> 23]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 28]]> cgcttcacga atttgcgtgt cab 23 <![CDATA[<210> 29]]> <![CDATA[<211> 25]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 29]]> gcttcggcag cacatatact aaaat 25 <![CDATA[<210> 30]]> <![CDATA[<211> 23]]> <![CDATA[<212> DNA]]> <![CDATA[<213> 人工序列]]> <![CDATA[<220> ]]> <![CDATA[<223> 合成]]> <![CDATA[<400> 30]]> cgcttcacga atttgcgtgt cat 23
Claims (10)
- 一種包含一胞外囊泡及複數個活性分子之製劑於製備一藥物的用途,其中該胞外囊泡是由一個體的尿液所分離,且該複數個活性分子是包覆於該胞外囊泡中,其中該個體是年齡小於或等於35歲的人類,或是一處於妊娠期的女性個體。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該複數個活性分子是選自由生長因子、免疫調節因子、抗癌因子、抗發炎因子、抗感染因子、抗老化因子、抗氧化因子、抗放射因子、核酸及其組合所組成之群組。
- 如請求項2所述之用途,其中該核酸是訊息核糖核酸 (messenger ribonucleic acid, mRNA)、長鏈非編碼RNA (long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)、小干擾RNA (small interference RNA, siRNA)、小髮夾RNA (small hairpin RNA, shRNA)或微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)。
- 如請求項2所述之用途,其中該胞外囊泡包覆生長因子、抗發炎因子、核酸或其組合。
- 如請求項4所述之用途,其中該胞外囊泡包覆白血球生長激素(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF)、表皮生長因子(epidermal growth factor, EGF)、介白素1受體拮抗劑(interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL1-RA)及miRNA let-7i。
- 如請求項2所述之用途,其中該製劑更包含一活性劑,且該活性劑是與該胞外囊泡結合,其中該活性劑是選自由阿司匹靈、蝦紅素、退黑激素、二甲雙胍、脂多醣、植化素、薑黃素、脫氫異雄固酮、茶酚、多酚、三帖類及其組合所組成之群組。
- 如請求項6所述之用途,其中是利用以下方法來製備該製劑,包含: (a) 自該尿液分離該胞外囊泡; (b) 在pH 3.0-10.0之環境中,將步驟(a)分離之該胞外囊泡與該活性劑結合;以及 (c) 分離純化步驟(b)之產物,以得到該製劑。
- 如請求項7所述之用途,其中步驟(a)及步驟(c)是以離心、濾膜、中空纖維濾膜、透析、層析或親和力結合來分離純化該胞外囊泡及該製劑。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中係以局部皮膚、結膜內、鼻腔內、氣管內、口服、脊髓內、靜脈內、動脈內、肌肉內、皮下、關節內、心室內、腦室內、腹腔或中耳內投予的方式投予該藥物。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該藥物是用以治療一疾病,其中該疾病為發炎性疾病、母嬰疾病、自體免疫疾病、心血管疾病、乾眼症、糖尿病、急慢性腦損傷、急慢性腎臟病、退化性疾病、美容、再生醫學、輻射傷害、頑固傷口、癌症或感染症。
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