TW202336481A - Optical lens and display device - Google Patents

Abstract

An optical lens adapted to receive an image beam from an imaging element is provided. The optical lens sequentially includes a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element and a fourth lens element with refracting power along an optical axis from a light input side to a light output side. The first lens element has a positive refracting power. The second lens element has a negative refracting power. The third lens element has a positive refracting power. The first lens element or the third lens element is made of glass. The optical lens receives the image beam from the light input side. The image beam forms an aperture on the light output side, and the position of the image beam at the aperture has the smallest beam cross-sectional area.

Description

Optical lenses and display devices

The present invention relates to an optical lens, and in particular to an optical lens for a waveguide display.

With the emergence of multimedia imaging applications such as stereoscopic display and virtual reality, the demand for high-resolution display devices is gradually increasing in order to provide stunning visual effects.

Waveguide displays with waveguides can be divided into self-illuminating panel structures, transmissive panel structures and reflective panel structures according to the type of image source. The image beam generated by the image source (panel) passes through the optical lens to form a virtual image, which is further displayed at a preset position in front of the user's eyes. When optical lenses are used in waveguide displays, their design considerations of size, weight, resolution, and thermal drift are important issues.

The "prior art" paragraph is only used to help understand the content of the present invention. Therefore, the content disclosed in the "prior art" paragraph may contain some conventional technologies that do not constitute common knowledge to those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field. The content disclosed in the "Prior Art" paragraph does not mean that the content or the problems to be solved by one or more embodiments of the present invention have been known or recognized by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field before the application of the present invention.

The invention provides an optical lens with good optical quality and thermal stability.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be further understood from the technical features disclosed in the present invention.

In order to achieve one, part or all of the above objects or other objects, the present invention provides an optical lens suitable for receiving an image beam from an imaging element. The optical lens includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens and a fourth lens with refractive power along an optical axis from a light entrance side to a light exit side, and the first lens to the fourth lens Each lens includes a light-incident surface facing the light-incident side and allowing the image beam to pass through, and a light-emitting surface facing the light-emitting side and allowing the image beam to pass through. The first lens has positive refractive power. The second lens has negative refractive power. The third lens has positive refractive power. The first lens or the third lens is made of glass. The optical lens receives the image beam from the light incident side. The image beam forms a diaphragm on the light exit side, and the image beam has the smallest beam cross-sectional area at the position of the diaphragm.

In order to achieve one, part or all of the above objects or other objects, the present invention further provides an optical lens, including the above-mentioned optical lens, imaging element and a waveguide element. The imaging element is arranged on the light incident side of the optical lens to provide an image beam. The waveguide element is arranged on the light exit side of the optical lens and has an optical coupling inlet and an optical coupling outlet. The image beam from the imaging element passes through the optical lens and enters the waveguide element through the optical coupling inlet, and the waveguide element guides the image beam so that the image beam leaves the waveguide element through the optical coupling outlet.

Based on the above, embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following advantages or effects. In the optical lens and display device of the present invention, the optical lens includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens and a fourth lens. The first lens has positive refractive power, the second lens has negative refractive power, the third lens has positive refractive power, and the first lens or the third lens is made of glass. Compared with conventional lenses, the optical lens design of the present invention uses a smaller 0.13-inch imaging element, so that the overall optical-mechanical volume can be reduced. The optical lens can resolve images with a spatial resolution of 125 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm), has small thermal drift, and has good optical performance. In addition, reducing the number of lenses in the optical lens from the conventional 5 to 4 can reduce the overall size of the imaging module.

In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The aforementioned and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings. Directional terms mentioned in the following embodiments, such as up, down, left, right, front or back, etc., are only for reference to the directions in the attached drawings. Accordingly, the directional terms used are illustrative and not limiting of the invention.

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to Figure 1A. This embodiment provides a display device 100 including an optical lens 110, a waveguide element 130 and an imaging element 150. In this embodiment, the display device 100 is, for example, a head-mounted display device, but the invention is not limited thereto. The optical lens 110 is adapted to receive the image beam IM from the imaging element 150 . The optical lens 110 is a combination of multiple optical lenses with different optical conditions, which will be described in detail in subsequent paragraphs. The imaging element 150 is disposed on the light incident side IS of the optical lens 110 to provide the image beam IM. The waveguide element 130 is disposed on the light exit side ES of the optical lens 110. The waveguide element 130 has an upper surface and a lower surface (not numbered) opposite to each other and has an optical coupling inlet ET and an optical coupling outlet OT. The optical coupling entrance ET and the optical coupling outlet OT are, for example, the surface area where the image beam IM from the optical lens 110 is incident on the waveguide element 130 and the surface area where the image beam IM leaves the waveguide element 130 respectively. In this embodiment, the optical coupling inlet ET and the optical coupling outlet OT are both located on the upper surface of the waveguide element 130 . The image beam IM from the imaging element 150 passes through the optical lens 110 and then enters the waveguide element 130 through the optical coupling inlet ET, and the image beam IM is transmitted in the waveguide element 130. Finally, the image beam IM leaves the waveguide element 130 through the optical coupling outlet OT and is projected The target F is, for example, the eyes of the user of the head-mounted display device. The image beam IM forms a diaphragm ST on the light exit side ES of the optical lens 110, and the image beam IM has the smallest beam cross-sectional area at the position of the diaphragm ST. For example, in this embodiment, the diameter of the minimum beam cross-sectional area is 3.7 mm. Therefore, the image beam IM shrinks to the position of the diaphragm ST after passing through the optical lens 110, and diverges after passing through the diaphragm ST. Specifically, in this embodiment, the diaphragm ST is formed at a position of the light coupling entrance ET of the waveguide element 130 or a position close to the light coupling entrance ET. Located on the reference plane formed by the X-axis and the Y-axis, the shape of the aperture ST is, for example, substantially circular, and its diameter in the X-axis direction is substantially the same as in the Y-axis direction.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the display device 100 further includes a lens 120, a glass cover 140, an anti-reflective element 160 and a reflective element 170, wherein the optical lens 110, the lens 120, the glass cover 140 and the imaging element 150 can be combined. It is called an imaging module 105. The lens 120 is disposed on the path of the image beam IM and between the imaging element 150 and the optical lens 110 . The image beam IM provided by the imaging element 150 enters the optical lens 110 through the lens 120 . The imaging element 150 is disposed on the light incident side IS of the optical lens 110 . In this embodiment, the imaging element 150 may be a display device capable of providing an image beam IM, such as an organic light emitting diode panel (OLED Panel) or a micro light emitting diode panel (Micro LED Panel). In another embodiment, the imaging element 150 may be composed of a red micro-LED panel, a green micro-LED panel, and a blue micro-LED panel, and the pixel 120 is, for example, an X pixel ( X prism), used to combine the colored light emitted by three micro-light emitting diode panels of different colors to form an image beam. In this embodiment, the imaging element 150 uses a 0.13-inch micro-LED panel with a diagonal length of 3.2 mm. FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1B , the display device 100 may further include an illumination light source 101 , and the imaging element 150 is a reflective image source. The illumination light source 101 generates an illumination beam, which is guided to the imaging element 150 through the optical element, and is reflected by the imaging element 150 to form an image beam IM. For example, the imaging element 150 is a reflective light modulator such as a Liquid Crystal On Silicon panel (LCoS panel) or a Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD). The invention is not limited to this. The present invention does not limit the type and type of the imaging element 150 . The glass cover 140 is disposed between the imaging element 150 and the lens 120 to protect the imaging element 150 from dust.

On the other hand, an anti-reflective element 160 is provided where the optical coupling entrance ET of the waveguide element 130 is located. The anti-reflective element 160 can be, for example, an anti-reflective layer coated on the upper surface of the waveguide element 130 and corresponding to the optical coupling entrance ET. Or the anti-reflective element 160 can be an anti-reflective structure formed by surface treatment on the upper surface of the waveguide element 130 and corresponding to the position of the light coupling entrance ET. The anti-reflective element 160 is used to make it easier for the image beam IM to enter the waveguide element 130 and reduce the proportion of reflection by the surface of the waveguide element 130 . A reflective element 170 is provided on the lower surface of the waveguide element 130 and opposite to the optical coupling outlet OT. The reflective element 170 can be, for example, a layer of reflective film coated on the lower surface of the waveguide element 130 and opposite to the optical coupling outlet OT. The layer, or reflective element 170, may be a reflective structure formed by surface treatment on the lower surface of the waveguide element 130. The reflective element 170 can reflect the image beam IM transmitted in the waveguide element 130 and transmit the image beam IM toward the optical coupling outlet OT, so that the image beam IM in the waveguide element 130 can leave the waveguide element 130 more easily.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the imaging module according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to Figure 1A, Figure 1B and Figure 2. The imaging module 105 shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 7 and FIG. 12 can at least be applied to the display device 100 shown in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B , so the following description will first take the imaging module 105 shown in FIG. 2 as an example. In the imaging module 105 of the first embodiment, the optical lens 110 sequentially includes a first lens 111, a second lens 113, and a refractive index along an optical axis OA from the light entrance side IS to the light exit side ES. The third lens 115 and a fourth lens 117, and the first lens 111 to the fourth lens 117 each include a light incident surface 9, 7, 5, 3 facing the light incident side IS and allowing the image beam IM to pass, and a light incident surface 9, 7, 5, 3 facing the light exit side. ES and a light-emitting surface 8, 6, 4, 2 through which the image beam IM passes. In addition, the glass cover 140 and the lens 120 in the imaging module 105 have light incident surfaces 13, 11 and light exit surfaces 12, 10 respectively, and the imaging element 150 has an imaging surface 14.

The first lens 111 has positive refractive power. The first lens 111 is made of plastic material. The light incident surface 9 of the first lens 111 is a convex surface protruding toward the imaging element 150 . The light exit surface 8 of the first lens 111 is a concave surface facing the diaphragm ST. In this embodiment, the light incident surface 9 and the light emergent surface 8 of the first lens 111 are both aspheric surfaces, but the invention is not limited thereto.

The second lens 113 has negative refractive power. The second lens 113 is made of plastic material. The light incident surface 7 of the second lens 113 is a concave surface facing the imaging element 150 . The light exit surface 6 of the second lens 113 is a concave surface facing the diaphragm ST. In this embodiment, the light incident surface 7 and the light emergent surface 6 of the second lens 113 are both aspherical surfaces, but the invention is not limited thereto.

The third lens 115 has positive refractive power. The third lens 115 is made of glass. The light incident surface 5 of the third lens 115 is a concave surface facing the imaging element 150 . The light exit surface 4 of the third lens 115 is a convex surface protruding toward the diaphragm ST. In this embodiment, both the light incident surface 5 and the light exit surface 4 of the third lens 115 are aspherical surfaces, but the invention is not limited thereto.

The fourth lens 117 has positive refractive power. The fourth lens 117 is made of plastic material. The light incident surface 3 of the fourth lens 117 is a convex surface protruding toward the imaging element 150 . The light exit surface 2 of the fourth lens 117 is a concave surface facing the diaphragm ST. In this embodiment, both the light incident surface 3 and the light emergent surface 2 of the fourth lens 117 are aspherical surfaces, but the invention is not limited thereto.

Other detailed optical data of the first embodiment are shown in Table 1 below. The effective focal length of the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment is 6.01 mm, the half viewing angle is 15 degrees, and the image height is 1.6 mm. It should be noted that the curvature radius of the light incident surface 9 shown in Table 1 refers to the curvature radius of the light incident surface 9 of the first lens 111 in the optical axis region, and the curvature radius of the light exit surface 8 refers to the first lens 111 The curvature radius of the light exit surface 8 in the optical axis area, and so on. The distance between the light incident surface 9 (0.93 mm as shown in Table 1) refers to the distance between the light incident surface 9 and the next surface (in this case, the light exit surface 10 of the 120) on the optical axis OA, that is, the The gap between the first lens 111 and the lens 120 on the optical axis OA is 0.93 mm. The distance between the light exit surface 8 (1.74 mm as shown in Table 1) refers to the distance between the light exit surface 8 and the light entrance surface 9 of the first lens 111 on the optical axis OA, that is, the distance between the first lens 111 on the optical axis OA The thickness is 1.74 mm, and so on.

Table I: First embodiment Effective focal length = 6.01 mm, half viewing angle = 15˚, image height = 1.6 mm. element surface Radius of curvature (mm) Spacing(mm) refractive index Abbe number virtual image infinite infinite Aperture ST infinite 2.11 Fourth lens 117 Light surface 2 -1.99 1.54 1.53 55.9 Light incident surface 3 -2.17 0.06 Third lens 115 Light surface 4 5.47 1.30 1.86 37.0 Light incident surface 5 29.59 0.62 Second lens 113 Light surface 6 -8.17 0.75 1.66 20.3 Light incident surface 7 5.29 0.43 First lens 111 Light surface 8 41.39 1.74 1.53 55.9 Light incident surface 9 -3.44 0.93 稜鏡120 Light surface 10 infinite 4.5 1.51 64.1 Light incident surface 11 infinite 1.07 Protective cover 140 Light surface 12 infinite 0.3 1.50 61.1 Light incident surface 13 infinite 0.01 Imaging element 150 Imaging surface 14 infinite

It is also worth noting that in the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment, the focal length is 6.01 mm, the focal length of the glass lens (ie, the third lens 115) is 7.54 mm, and the Abbe of the glass lens (ie, the third lens 115) The number is 37.09, and the focal length of the fourth lens 117 closest to the diaphragm ST is 22.41 mm. In other words, the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment satisfies the following three equations: The optical lens 110 satisfies 0.5 < fg / f < 3; The optical lens 110 satisfies Vg > 30; and The optical lens 110 satisfies |fs/f| > 1. in, fg is the effective focal length of the glass lens in the optical lens 110; f is the effective focal length of the optical lens 110; Vg is the Abbe number of the glass lens in the optical lens 110; and fs is the effective focal length of the fourth lens 117 closest to the diaphragm ST in the optical lens 110 .

In this embodiment, eight light incident surfaces 9, 7, 5, 3 and light exit surfaces 8, 6, 4, 2 are all aspherical surfaces, and these aspherical surfaces are defined according to the following formula: ...(1) Y is the distance between a point on the aspheric curve and the optical axis; Z is the depth of the aspheric surface, that is, the point on the aspheric surface that is Y from the optical axis, and the tangent plane tangent to the vertex on the optical axis of the aspheric surface , the vertical distance between them; R is the radius of curvature of the lens surface; K is the cone coefficient; a2i is the 2ith-order aspheric coefficient.

The various aspherical surface coefficients in formula (1) of the above-mentioned aspherical surface in this embodiment are as shown in Table 2 below. Among them, column number 9 in Table 2 indicates that it is the aspherical coefficient of the light incident surface 9 of the first lens 111, and the other columns can be deduced in the same way. In this embodiment, the second-order aspherical surface coefficients a ₂ of each aspherical surface are all zero, so they are not listed in the table.

Table II: surface K a ₄ a ₆ a ₈ a ₁₀ a ₁₂ a ₁₄ 2 -7.78E-001 6.18E-003 5.41E-004 -3.47E-005 -8.13E-005 1.79E-005 2.27E-007 3 -1.43E-000 -1.57E-003 7.24E-006 -3.53E-005 5.68E-008 4.49E-008 1.81E-007 4 0 -7.39E-005 -5.97E-005 -1.13E-005 7.63E-007 3.89E-007 1.09E-008 5 0 -5.24E-004 9.08E-006 2.49E-005 -1.27E-006 -2.75E-007 1.00E-007 6 -4.84E-001 -1.26E-002 2.20E-003 -3.78E-004 3.41E-005 1.01E-006 -3.30E-007 7 -9.63E-000 -4.62E-003 1.94E-004 2.46E-005 -7.64E-006 -2.25E-007 1.28E-007 8 0 2.31E-003 -2.36E-003 4.72E-004 -4.67E-005 -5.73E-007 2.54E-007 9 0 4.39E-003 -8.88E-004 2.20E-004 -2.99E-005 2.40E-006 -1.15E-007

When the ambient temperatures of the first embodiment are 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C and 40°C respectively, the first lens 111, the second lens 113, the third lens 115 and the fourth lens 117 of the optical lens 110 The temperature value (°C) is shown in Table 3 below. Moreover, when the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment is in the ambient temperature range of 0°C ~ 40°C and is used in thermal equilibrium, without readjusting the focal length, the center point of the projection screen, the back of the optical lens, The thermal drift of the focal point is less than 0.01 mm.

Table 3: ambient temperature Fourth lens 117 Third lens 115 Second lens 113 First lens 111 0 8 11 16 19 10 18 twenty one 26 29 20 28 31 36 39 30 38 41 46 49 40 48 51 56 59

Figure 3 is a lateral chromatic aberration diagram of the optical lens in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a diagram of the astigmatism field curvature and distortion of the optical lens in Figure 2. Figure 5 is a lateral beam fan diagram of the optical lens in Figure 2. FIGS. 6A to 6F are modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens of FIG. 2 at different temperatures. Referring again to FIGS. 3 to 6F, FIG. 3 illustrates the lateral chromatic aberration (Lateral Chromatic Aberration) of the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment. FIG. 4 illustrates the sagittal of the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment when the reference wavelength is 530 nanometers. Field Curvature aberration in the (Sagittal) direction (marked X), field curvature aberration and distortion aberration (Distortion Aberration) in the tangential direction (marked Y). FIG. 5 illustrates a transverse ray fan plot of the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment, which is a simulated data plot using light with wavelengths of 453 nanometers, 530 nanometers, and 620 nanometers. 6A to 6F respectively illustrate the modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment at different temperatures. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the optical lens 110 of this embodiment has small chromatic aberration between different wavelengths, which indicates that the chromatic aberration performance is good. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the field curvature aberration of the optical lens 110 of this embodiment falls within ±0.025 mm, indicating that the optical lens 110 of the first embodiment can effectively eliminate aberrations. The distortion aberration diagram shows that the distortion aberration is maintained within the range of ±2%, indicating that the distortion aberration of the first embodiment meets the imaging quality requirements of the optical lens 110 and can provide good imaging quality.

In addition, compared with conventional lenses, the optical lens 110 of this embodiment is designed to use a smaller 0.13-inch imaging element 150, so that the overall volume of the imaging module 105 is reduced. In addition, the output viewing angle of the optical lens 110 can reach 30 degrees and the resolution can be increased to 125 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). In addition, reducing the number of lenses of the optical lens 110 from the conventional 5 to 4 can reduce the overall size of the imaging module 105 .

In order to fully explain various implementation aspects of the invention, other embodiments of the invention will be described below. It must be noted here that the following embodiments follow the component numbers and part of the content of the previous embodiments, where the same numbers are used to represent the same or similar elements, and descriptions of the same technical content are omitted. For descriptions of omitted parts, reference may be made to the foregoing embodiments and will not be repeated in the following embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging module according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to Figure 7. The imaging module 105A of the second embodiment is roughly similar to the imaging module 105 of the first embodiment, and the differences between the two are as follows: optical data, aspherical coefficients of the optical lens 110 and these lenses 111, 113, The parameters between 115 and 117 are more or less different. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fourth lens 117 has negative refractive power. Other detailed optical data of the second embodiment are shown in Table 4 below.

Table 4: Second embodiment Effective focal length = 6.12 mm, half viewing angle = 15˚, image height = 1.6 mm. element surface Radius of curvature (mm) Spacing(mm) refractive index Abbe number virtual image infinite infinite Aperture ST infinite 1.95 Fourth lens 117 Light surface 2 -2.01 1.84 1.53 55.9 Light incident surface 3 -2.69 0.06 Third lens 115 Light surface 4 4.40 1.77 1.80 40.9 Light incident surface 5 37.46 0.64 Second lens 113 Light surface 6 -10.52 0.75 1.66 20.3 Light incident surface 7 4.46 0.35 First lens 111 Light surface 8 41.39 1.55 1.53 55.9 Light incident surface 9 -3.51 0.85 稜鏡120 Light surface 10 infinite 4.5 1.51 64.1 Light incident surface 11 infinite 1.07 Protective cover 140 Light surface 12 infinite 0.3 1.50 61.1 Light incident surface 13 infinite 0.01 Imaging element 150 Imaging surface 14 infinite

It is also worth noting that in the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment, the focal length is 6.12 mm, the focal length of the glass lens (ie, the third lens 115) is 6 mm, and the Abbe of the glass lens (ie, the third lens 115) The number is 40.9, and the focal length of the fourth lens 117 closest to the diaphragm ST is -300 mm. In other words, the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment also conforms to the aforementioned three formulas of the optical lens 110 of FIG. 1A .

The various aspherical surface coefficients in formula (1) of the above-mentioned aspherical surface in this embodiment are as shown in Table 5 below. In this embodiment, the second-order aspherical surface coefficients a ₂ of each aspherical surface are all zero, so they are not listed in the table.

Table 5: surface K a ₄ a ₆ a ₈ a ₁₀ a ₁₂ a ₁₄ 2 -9.05E-001 8.50E-003 7.54E-004 3.16E-005 -1.80E-005 2.11E-005 -4.35E-006 3 -1.45E-000 -1.06E-003 9.98E-005 -4.48E-005 7.56E-006 1.21E-008 -2.80E-007 4 0 -1.06E-004 1.59E-004 2.28E-005 2.41E-006 1.87E-008 4.68E-008 5 0 8.77E-004 1.98E-004 3.00E-005 -2.34E-007 7.25E-007 4.16E-007 6 -1.91E-001 -1.69E-002 1.69E-003 -4.22E-004 2.99E-005 1.49E-006 1.72E-007 7 -9.90E-000 -6.09E-003 -1.77E-004 -6.03E-006 -6.77E-006 2.91E-007 2.30E-007 8 0 2.31E-003 -2.36E-003 4.72E-004 -4.67E-005 -5.73E-007 2.54E-007 9 0 3.34E-003 -6.78E-004 2.14E-004 -2.61E-005 3.31E-006 -2.60E-007

When the ambient temperatures of the second embodiment are 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C and 40°C respectively, the first lens 111, the second lens 113, the third lens 115 and the fourth lens 117 of the optical lens 110 Temperature (°C) is shown in Table 6 below. Moreover, when the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment is in the ambient temperature range of 0°C ~ 40°C and is used in thermal equilibrium, without readjusting the focal length, the center point of the projection screen, the back of the optical lens, The thermal drift of the focal point is less than 0.01 mm.

Table 6: ambient temperature Fourth lens 117 Third lens 115 Second lens 113 First lens 111 0 8 11 16 19 10 18 twenty one 26 29 20 28 31 36 39 30 38 41 46 49 40 48 51 56 59

Figure 8 is a lateral chromatic aberration diagram of the optical lens in Figure 7. Figure 9 is a diagram of the astigmatism field curvature and distortion of the optical lens in Figure 7. Figure 10 is a lateral beam fan diagram of the optical lens in Figure 7. Figures 11A to 11F are modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens in Figure 7 at different temperatures. Referring again to FIGS. 8 to 11F , FIG. 8 illustrates the lateral chromatic aberration (Lateral Chromatic Aberration) of the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment. FIG. 9 illustrates the sagittal of the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment when the reference wavelength is 530 nanometers. Field Curvature aberration in the (Sagittal) direction (marked X), field curvature aberration and distortion aberration (Distortion Aberration) in the tangential direction (marked Y). FIG. 10 illustrates a transverse ray fan plot of the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment, which is a simulated data plot using light with wavelengths of 453 nanometers, 530 nanometers, and 620 nanometers. 11A to 11F respectively illustrate the modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment at different temperatures. It can be seen from FIG. 8 that the optical lens 110 of this embodiment has small chromatic aberration between different wavelengths, which indicates that the chromatic aberration performance is good. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that the field curvature aberration of the optical lens 110 of this embodiment falls within ±0.02 mm, indicating that the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment can effectively eliminate aberrations. The distortion aberration diagram shows that the distortion aberration is maintained within the range of ±2.5%, indicating that the distortion aberration of the second embodiment meets the imaging quality requirements of the optical lens 110 and can provide good imaging quality.

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an imaging module according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to Figure 12. The imaging module 105B of the third embodiment is roughly similar to the imaging module 105 of the first embodiment, and the differences between the two are as follows: optical data, aspherical coefficients of the optical lens 110 and these lenses 111, 113, The parameters between 115 and 117 are more or less different. In addition, in this embodiment, the first lens 111 is made of glass, the second lens 113 , the third lens 115 and the fourth lens 117 are made of plastic. The first lens 111 has positive refractive power, and the second lens 113 has negative refractive power, the third lens 115 has positive refractive power, the fourth lens 117 has positive refractive power, and the surface of the first lens 111 may be aspherical or spherical. Other detailed optical data of the third embodiment are shown in Table 7 below.

Table 7: Third embodiment Effective focal length = 5.98 mm, half viewing angle = 15˚, image height = 1.6 mm. element surface Radius of curvature (mm) Spacing(mm) refractive index Abbe number virtual image infinite infinite Aperture ST infinite 2.92 Fourth lens 117 Light surface 2 -1.84 2.09 1.53 55.9 Light incident surface 3 -2.43 0.06 Third lens 115 Light surface 4 3.08 1.96 1.53 55.9 Light incident surface 5 4.46 0.76 Second lens 113 Light surface 6 16.47 0.75 1.66 20.3 Light incident surface 7 3.21 0.31 First lens 111 Light surface 8 9.13 1.89 1.51 64.1 Light incident surface 9 -3.36 0.82 稜鏡120 Light surface 10 infinite 4.5 1.51 64.1 Light incident surface 11 infinite 1.07 Protective cover 140 Light surface 12 infinite 0.3 1.50 61.1 Light incident surface 13 infinite 0.01 Imaging element 150 Imaging surface 14 infinite

It is also worth noting that in the optical lens 110 of the third embodiment, the focal length is 5.98 mm, the focal length of the glass lens (ie, the first lens 111) is 5 mm, and the Abbe value of the glass lens (ie, the first lens 111) The number is 64.06, and the focal length of the fourth lens 117 closest to the diaphragm ST is 61.41 mm. In other words, the optical lens 110 of the third embodiment also conforms to the aforementioned three formulas of the optical lens 110 of FIG. 1A .

The various aspherical surface coefficients in formula (1) of the above-mentioned aspherical surface in this embodiment are as shown in Table 8 below. In this embodiment, the second-order aspherical surface coefficients a ₂ of each aspherical surface are all zero, so they are not listed in the table.

Table 8: surface K a ₄ a ₆ a ₈ a ₁₀ a ₁₂ a ₁₄ 2 -9.10E-001 8.90E-003 -6.88E-004 -5.48E-004 7.64E-006 7.43E-005 -1.36E-005 3 -1.27E-000 -2.19E-003 -5.78E-005 -6.55E-005 8.14E-006 1.22E-006 -2.08E-007 4 0 -2.24E-003 -1.92E-004 3.32E-006 4.87E-006 5.01E-007 -8.26E-008 5 0 3.38E-003 6.63E-004 3.22E-005 -1.11E-005 1.22E-006 1.84E-006 6 -6.81E-001 -1.51E-002 2.05E-003 -5.17E-004 7.56E-006 -2.42E-006 7.27E-007 7 -6.08E-000 -7.03E-003 -3.16E-004 -2.75E-006 -5.98E-007 1.61E-006 5.97E-008 8 0 -1.46E-003 -2.36E-003 5.08E-004 -3.73E-005 1.09E-006 6.19E-008 9 0 1.80E-003 -7.69E-004 1.96E-004 -3.05E-005 3.39E-006 -1.70E-007

When the ambient temperatures of the third embodiment are 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C and 40°C respectively, the first lens 111, the second lens 113, the third lens 115 and the fourth lens 117 of the optical lens 110 Temperature (°C) is shown in Table 9 below. Moreover, when the optical lens 110 of the third embodiment is in the ambient temperature range of 0°C ~ 40°C and is used in thermal equilibrium, without readjusting the focal length, corresponding to the center point of the projection screen, the back of the optical lens The thermal drift of the focal point is less than 0.01 mm.

Table 9: ambient temperature Fourth lens 117 Third lens 115 Second lens 113 First lens 111 0 8 11 16 19 10 18 twenty one 26 29 20 28 31 36 39 30 38 41 46 49 40 48 51 56 59

Figure 13 is a lateral chromatic aberration diagram of the optical lens in Figure 12. Figure 14 is a diagram of the astigmatism field curvature and distortion of the optical lens in Figure 12. Figure 15 is a transverse beam fan diagram of the optical lens in Figure 12. Figures 16A to 16F are modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens in Figure 12 at different temperatures. Referring again to FIGS. 13 to 16F , FIG. 13 illustrates the lateral chromatic aberration of the optical lens 110 of the third embodiment, and FIG. 14 illustrates the sagittal of the optical lens 110 of the third embodiment when the reference wavelength is 530 nm. Field Curvature aberration in the (Sagittal) direction (marked X), field curvature aberration and distortion aberration (Distortion Aberration) in the tangential direction (marked Y). FIG. 15 illustrates a transverse ray fan plot of the optical lens 110 of the third embodiment, which is a simulated data plot using light with wavelengths of 453 nanometers, 530 nanometers, and 620 nanometers. 16A to 16F respectively illustrate the modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens 110 of the second embodiment at different temperatures. It can be seen from FIG. 13 that the optical lens 110 of this embodiment has small chromatic aberration between different wavelengths, which indicates that the chromatic aberration performance is good. It can be seen from FIG. 14 that the field curvature aberration of the optical lens 110 of this embodiment falls within ±0.02 mm, indicating that the optical lens 110 of the third embodiment can effectively eliminate aberrations. The distortion aberration diagram shows that the distortion aberration is maintained within the range of ±5.0%, indicating that the distortion aberration of the third embodiment meets the imaging quality requirements of the optical lens 110 and can provide good imaging quality.

To sum up, in the optical lens and the display device of the present invention, the optical lens includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens and a fourth lens. The first lens has positive refractive power, the second lens has negative refractive power, the third lens has positive refractive power, and the first lens or the third lens is made of glass. Compared with conventional lenses, the optical lens design of the present invention uses a smaller 0.13-inch imaging element, so that the overall optical-mechanical volume can be reduced. The optical lens can resolve images with a spatial resolution of 125 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm), has small thermal drift, and has good optical performance. In addition, reducing the number of lenses in the optical lens from the conventional 5 to 4 can reduce the overall size of the imaging module.

However, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, simple equivalent changes and modifications may be made based on the patent scope of the present invention and the description of the invention. All are still within the scope of the patent of this invention. In addition, any embodiment or patentable scope of the present invention does not need to achieve all the purposes, advantages or features disclosed in the present invention. In addition, the abstract section and title are only used to assist in searching patent documents and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, terms such as “first” and “second” mentioned in this specification or the scope of the patent application are only used to name elements or to distinguish different embodiments or scopes, and are not used to limit the number of elements. upper or lower limit.

100,100A:Display device 101:Lighting source 105,105A,105B: Imaging module 110: Optical lens 111:First lens 113:Second lens 115:Third lens 117:Fourth lens 120:稜顡 130:Waveguide components 140:Glass cover 150: Imaging element 160:Anti-reflective element 170: Reflective element 1: Plane 2,4,6,8,10,12: light-emitting surface 3,5,7,9,11,13: light incident surface 14: Imaging surface ES: light exit side ET: optical coupling entrance F: target IM: image beam IS: light incident side OA: optical axis OT: Optical coupling outlet ST: light bar

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the imaging module according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a lateral chromatic aberration diagram of the optical lens in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a diagram of the astigmatism field curvature and distortion of the optical lens in Figure 2. Figure 5 is a lateral beam fan diagram of the optical lens in Figure 2. Figures 6A to 6F are modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens in Figure 2 at different temperatures. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging module according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a lateral chromatic aberration diagram of the optical lens in Figure 7. Figure 9 is a diagram of the astigmatism field curvature and distortion of the optical lens in Figure 7. Figure 10 is a lateral beam fan diagram of the optical lens in Figure 7. Figures 11A to 11F are modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens in Figure 7 at different temperatures. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an imaging module according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 is a lateral chromatic aberration diagram of the optical lens in Figure 12. Figure 14 is a diagram of the astigmatism field curvature and distortion of the optical lens in Figure 12. Figure 15 is a transverse beam fan diagram of the optical lens in Figure 12. Figures 16A to 16F are modulation transfer function curves of the optical lens in Figure 12 at different temperatures.

100:Display device

105: Imaging module

110: Optical lens

111:First lens

113:Second lens

115:Third lens

117:Fourth lens

120:稜顡

130:Waveguide components

140:Glass cover

150: Imaging element

160:Anti-reflective element

170: Reflective element

ES: light exit side

ET: optical coupling entrance

F: target

IM: image beam

IS: light incident side

OA: optical axis

OT: Optical coupling outlet

ST: light bar

Claims (20)

An optical lens suitable for receiving an image beam from an imaging element. The optical lens sequentially includes a first lens with refractive power, a second lens, A third lens and a fourth lens, and the first lens to the fourth lens each include a light incident surface facing the light incident side and allowing the image beam to pass through, and a light incident surface facing the light exit side to allow the image beam to pass through. A bright side; The first lens has positive refractive power; The second lens has negative refractive power; The third lens has positive refractive power; and The first lens or the third lens is made of glass, The optical lens receives the image beam from the light incident side, the image beam forms an aperture on the light exit side, and the image beam has the smallest beam cross-sectional area at the position of the aperture. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein three of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens are plastic aspheric lenses, and the other one is a glass aspheric lens. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the materials of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens are plastic, plastic, glass and plastic in that order. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the materials of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens are glass, plastic, plastic, and plastic in that order. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens has positive refractive power. The optical lens as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fourth lens has negative refractive power. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the full field of view angle of the optical lens is between 25 degrees and 35 degrees. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the light incident surface of the first lens is a convex surface facing the imaging element. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the light exit surface of the third lens is a convex surface facing the diaphragm. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the light incident surface of the fourth lens is a convex surface protruding toward the imaging element, and the light exit surface of the fourth lens is a concave surface facing the diaphragm. The optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the light incident surface of the first lens, the light incident surface of the second lens, the light exit surface of the second lens, the light incident surface of the fourth lens, and The light-emitting surface of the fourth lens is an aspherical surface. The optical lens as described in claim 1, wherein the optical lens satisfies the conditional expression 0.5 < fg/f < 3, where fg is the effective focal length of the glass lens of the optical lens, and f is the effective focal length of the optical lens. The optical lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical lens satisfies the conditional expression Vg>30, where Vg is the Abbe number of the glass lens of the optical lens. The optical lens as described in claim 1, wherein the optical lens satisfies the conditional expression |fs/f| > 1, where fs is the effective focal length of the fourth lens, and f is the effective focal length of the optical lens. The optical lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effective focal length of the optical lens is between 5.5 mm and 6.5 mm. A display device including: An optical lens as claimed in claim 1; The imaging element is disposed on the light incident side of the optical lens to provide the image beam; and A waveguide element is disposed on the light exit side of the optical lens and has an optical coupling inlet and an optical coupling outlet. The image beam from the imaging element passes through the optical lens and enters the waveguide element through the optical coupling inlet, and The waveguide element guides the image beam so that the image beam leaves the waveguide element through the optical coupling outlet. The display device of claim 16, wherein the light bar is formed at a position of the light coupling entrance of the waveguide element or a position close to the light coupling entrance. The display device according to claim 16, further comprising a lens disposed on the path of the image beam and between the imaging element and the optical lens. The display device as claimed in claim 18, further comprising an illumination light source, wherein the imaging element is a reflective image source, the illumination light source generates an illumination light beam, and after the illumination light beam is guided to the imaging element through the lens, The image beam is formed after reflection by the imaging element. The display device of claim 18, wherein the imaging element is a silicon-based liquid crystal panel, a digital micromirror element, an organic light-emitting diode panel or a micro-light emitting diode panel.

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