CN111399225A - Augmented reality optical device based on Fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle - Google Patents
Augmented reality optical device based on Fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111399225A CN111399225A CN202010329120.1A CN202010329120A CN111399225A CN 111399225 A CN111399225 A CN 111399225A CN 202010329120 A CN202010329120 A CN 202010329120A CN 111399225 A CN111399225 A CN 111399225A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
Abstract
The invention provides an augmented reality optical device based on Fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle, comprising: the Fresnel lens, the image source, the image magnifying lens optical part, the input coupling part and the optical waveguide part; a Fresnel lens exit section and a Fresnel lens compensation section; the image magnifying lens optical part can magnify the image displayed by the image source; the input coupling part can couple the image amplified by the image amplifying lens optical part into the optical waveguide part; the Fresnel lens exit part can output the image transmitted by the optical waveguide part; the Fresnel lens exit section is capable of correcting aberrations; the Fresnel lens compensation portion is capable of compensating for aberrations generated by the Fresnel lens. The Fresnel lens and optical waveguide combination-based mode provided by the invention can achieve the purposes of volume miniaturization, light weight, lower power consumption and comfortable wearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to an augmented reality optical device based on Fresnel lens and optical waveguide principles.
Background
Fresnel lenses were invented by the french physicist augustine fresnel (augustin fresnel), who originally used this lens design in 1822 to create a glass fresnel lens system, the lighthouse lens. The working principle is very simple: assuming that the refractive power of a lens occurs only at the optical surface (e.g., lens surface), as much optical material as possible is removed while preserving the curvature of the surface. Another understanding is that the lens continuous surface portion "collapses" to a plane. The surface of the material is composed of a series of sawtooth-shaped grooves when viewed in cross section, and the central part of the material is an elliptic arc. Each groove has a different angle with the adjacent groove, but concentrates the light to a point forming a central focal point, i.e., the focal point of the lens. Each groove can be viewed as a separate lenslet that collimates or concentrates light. Such a lens is also capable of eliminating partial spherical aberration.
In recent years, augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR) technologies have been developed, wherein the augmented reality technologies are realized by taking a free-form surface and an optical waveguide as representatives, wherein the free-form surface scheme of Epson and the optical waveguide scheme of Magic L are the most famous, however, the existing technologies and products, such as prism technology represented by Google glasses, have small visual field and large thickness, bibath technology represented by R8 and R9 of ODG has large volume and large weight, products represented by Epson series have large thickness and high cost, diffraction technology represented by Digilens has high power consumption and poor color, array optical waveguide represented by Lumu, and the existing BT technology has a high heating value.
Patent document CN106324841B provides an augmented reality display device and augmented reality glasses, the device includes refraction adjustable module, transparent display module and control module, refraction adjustable module and transparent display module are stacked and set up and have a preset distance, control module respectively electric connection in refraction adjustable module and transparent display module. In the first display time domain, the control module is used for controlling the transparent display module to enable the transparent display module to be in a full light transmission state and controlling the refraction adjustable module to enable light rays passing through the refraction adjustable module not to be refracted; and in the second display time domain, the control module controls the transparent display module to enable the transparent display module to display images, and controls the refraction adjustable module to enable the refraction adjustable module to amplify the displayed images. The patent still has room for improvement in power consumption and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an augmented reality optical device based on Fresnel lens and optical waveguide principles.
According to the invention, the augmented reality optical device based on the Fresnel lens and the optical waveguide principle comprises: the Fresnel lens, an image source 1, an image magnifying lens optical part 2, an input coupling part 3 and an optical waveguide part 4; a fresnel lens exit section 5 and a fresnel lens compensation section 6; the input coupling portion 3, the optical waveguide portion 4; the Fresnel lens emitting part 5 and the Fresnel lens compensating part 6 are connected in sequence; the image magnifying lens optical section 2 is disposed below the input coupling section 3; the image source 1 is arranged below the vertical direction of the central line of the optical part 2 of the image magnifying lens; the image source 1 is capable of displaying an image; the image magnifying lens optical part 2 can magnify the image displayed by the image source 1; the input coupling portion 3 is capable of coupling the image magnified by the image magnifying lens optical portion 2 into the optical waveguide portion 4; the optical waveguide portion 4 is capable of transmitting an image enlarged by the image-enlarging lens optical portion 2; the fresnel-lens exit section 5 is capable of outputting an image transmitted through the optical waveguide section 4; the fresnel lens exit section 5 is capable of correcting aberrations; the fresnel lens compensation section 6 can compensate for the aberration generated by the fresnel lens to see the outside scene clearly.
Preferably, the image magnifying lens optical section 2 includes: a first magnifying lens 21 and a second magnifying lens 22.
Preferably, the first magnifying lens 21 includes: a first magnifying lens first curved surface 21a, a first magnifying lens second curved surface 21 b; the second magnifying lens 22 includes: a second magnifier lens first curved surface 22a, a second magnifier lens second curved surface 22 b; after an image provided by the image source 1 is magnified by the first and second magnifying lenses and aberration is corrected, light exits from the image magnifying lens optical portion and enters the input coupling portion 3.
Preferably, the optical waveguide portion 4 includes: a first exterior layer 41, an interior layer 42, and a second exterior layer 43; the first outer layer 41 and the second outer layer 43 are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner layer 42; the refractive index n2 of the inner layer 42 is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first outer layer 41 and the refractive index n3 of the second outer layer 43.
Preferably, the light incident angle θ of the optical waveguide portion 4 > arcsin (n1/n 2); the light incident angle theta of the optical waveguide portion 4 > arcsin (n3/n 2).
Preferably, the fresnel lens includes: the fresnel-lens two-end unit 51; the Fresnel lens exit part 5 is arranged on the Fresnel lens two-end unit 51; the surface type of the Fresnel lens adopts any one of the following surface types: -spherical or aspherical; -an anamorphic aspherical surface; -a toric XY polynomial surface; -a bi-quadric surface.
Preferably, the surface of the Fresnel lens is plated with a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent film.
Preferably, the image source 1 comprises any of the following displays:
-a silicon based liquid crystal display;
-a micro organic light emitting diode display;
the brightness of the image source 1 is greater than 1000 nits;
the size of the image source 1 is less than 0.5 inches;
the range of the included angle a between the image surface edge emergent optical fiber of the image source 1 and the image surface normal is as follows:
±10°≤a≤150°。
preferably, the surface types of the first magnifying lens first curved surface 21a, the first magnifying lens second curved surface 21b, the second magnifying lens first curved surface 22a and the second magnifying lens second curved surface 22b can adopt any one of the following surface types: -a spherical surface; -an aspherical surface; -an anamorphic aspherical surface; -a toric XY polynomial surface; -a bi-quadric surface.
Preferably, the optical waveguide portion 4 includes any one of the following members: -a planar array optical waveguide; -a diffractive optical waveguide; -a holographic optical waveguide.
Preferably, the surface shape of the fresnel lens compensation section 6 and the surface shape of the fresnel lens exit section 5 are kept the same for gluing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has reasonable structure and convenient use, and can overcome the defects of the prior art;
2. the Fresnel lens and optical waveguide combination-based mode provided by the invention can achieve the purposes of volume miniaturization, light weight, lower power consumption and comfortable wearing;
3. the augmented reality technology based on the Fresnel lens and the optical waveguide can be widely applied to various fields of augmented reality technologies such as entertainment, simulation training, surgical operation and the like.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fresnel lens and an optical waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path based on fresnel lens and optical waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide portion based on fresnel lens and optical waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a principle of an exit portion of a fresnel lens based on fresnel lens and optical waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
image source 1 optical waveguide portion 4
First outer layer 41 of optical part 2 of image magnifying lens
Inner layer 42 of first magnifier lens 21
First magnifier lens first curved surface 21a and second outer layer 43
First magnifying lens second curved surface 21b Fresnel lens exit section 5
Fresnel lens both-end unit 51 of second magnifying lens 22
The second magnifying lens first curved surface 22a Fresnel lens compensating part 6
Second magnifying lens second curved surface 22b observer eye 7
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an augmented reality optical device based on fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle according to the present invention includes: the Fresnel lens, an image source 1, an image magnifying lens optical part 2, an input coupling part 3 and an optical waveguide part 4; a fresnel lens exit section 5 and a fresnel lens compensation section 6; the input coupling portion 3, the optical waveguide portion 4; the Fresnel lens emitting part 5 and the Fresnel lens compensating part 6 are connected in sequence; the image magnifying lens optical section 2 is disposed below the input coupling section 3; the image source 1 is capable of displaying an image; the image magnifying lens optical part 2 can magnify the image displayed by the image source 1; the input coupling portion 3 is capable of coupling the image magnified by the image magnifying lens optical portion 2 into the optical waveguide portion 4; the optical waveguide portion 4 is capable of transmitting an image enlarged by the image-enlarging lens optical portion 2; the fresnel-lens exit section 5 is capable of outputting an image transmitted through the optical waveguide section 4; the fresnel lens exit section 5 is capable of correcting aberrations; the fresnel lens compensation section 6 can compensate for the aberration generated by the fresnel lens to see the outside scene clearly.
The invention adopts the design principle of a Fresnel lens, adopts a part of Fresnel projection, and combines with an optical waveguide technology, so as to successfully reduce the power consumption and reduce the requirement of volume thickness.
Preferably, the image magnifying lens optical section 2 includes: a first magnifying lens 21 and a second magnifying lens 22.
Preferably, the first magnifying lens 21 includes: a first magnifying lens first curved surface 21a, a first magnifying lens second curved surface 21 b; the second magnifying lens 22 includes: a second magnifier lens first curved surface 22a, a second magnifier lens second curved surface 22 b; after an image provided by the image source 1 is magnified by the first and second magnifying lenses and aberration is corrected, light exits from the image magnifying lens optical portion and enters the input coupling portion 3.
Preferably, the optical waveguide portion 4 includes: a first exterior layer 41, an interior layer 42, and a second exterior layer 43; the first outer layer 41 and the second outer layer 43 are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner layer 42; the refractive index n2 of the inner layer 42 is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first outer layer 41 and the refractive index n3 of the second outer layer 43.
Preferably, the light incident angle θ of the optical waveguide portion 4 > arcsin (n1/n 2); the light incident angle theta of the optical waveguide portion 4 > arcsin (n3/n 2).
Preferably, the fresnel lens includes: the fresnel-lens two-end unit 51; the Fresnel lens exit part 5 is arranged on the Fresnel lens two-end unit 51; the surface type of the Fresnel lens adopts any one of the following surface types: -spherical or aspherical; -an anamorphic aspherical surface; -a toric XY polynomial surface; -a bi-quadric surface.
Preferably, the surface of the Fresnel lens is plated with a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent film.
Preferably, the image source 1 comprises any of the following displays:
-a silicon based liquid crystal display;
-a micro organic light emitting diode display;
the brightness of the image source 1 is greater than 1000 nits;
the size of the image source 1 is less than 0.5 inches;
the range of the included angle a between the image surface edge emergent optical fiber of the image source 1 and the image surface normal is as follows:
±10°≤a≤150°。
preferably, the surface types of the first magnifying lens first curved surface 21a, the first magnifying lens second curved surface 21b, the second magnifying lens first curved surface 22a and the second magnifying lens second curved surface 22b can adopt any one of the following surface types: -a spherical surface; -an aspherical surface; -an anamorphic aspherical surface; -a toric XY polynomial surface; -a bi-quadric surface.
Preferably, the optical waveguide portion 4 includes any one of the following members: -a planar array optical waveguide; -a diffractive optical waveguide; a holographic optical waveguide.
Preferably, the surface shape of the fresnel lens compensation section 6 and the surface shape of the fresnel lens exit section 5 are kept the same for gluing.
The optical system for enhancing reality is an image amplifying system, an image generated by an image source is amplified by the optical system, an amplified virtual image is presented at a certain distance in front of human eyes, and a user can be completely immersed in a virtual situation and can also be combined with reality to form an expanded reality scene.
Specifically, in one embodiment, an optical system based on a combination of fresnel lens and optical waveguide technology, as shown in fig. 1, the whole system includes an image source 1, an image magnifying lens optical portion 2, an input coupling portion 3, an optical waveguide portion 4, a fresnel lens exit portion 5, a fresnel lens compensation portion 6, and an observer's human eye 7. the image source 1 is configured to generate image information, the image source 1 may be a liquid crystal on silicon display element L cos or an organic light emitting diode display element Oled, the optical waveguide portion may use a planar array optical waveguide or a diffractive light waveguide.the image magnifying lens optical portion 2 includes two magnifying lenses, a first magnifying lens 21 and a second magnifying lens 22, the first magnifying lens 21 includes a first magnifying lens first curved surface 21a and a first magnifying lens second curved surface 21b, the second magnifying lens 22 includes a second magnifying lens first curved surface 22a and a second magnifying lens second curved surface 22b, 21a, 22b, 22a, 22b may be spherical or aspheric, a multiple-surface, a fresnel lens exit surface 42 may be a reflective optical surface, a fresnel lens portion may include an external light reflecting surface 41, a fresnel lens second curved surface, a fresnel lens portion may be a reflective surface, a fresnel lens portion may include a reflective surface, a reflective optical surface, a.
The observer's human eye 7, i.e. the pupil of the human eye, is also the entrance pupil of the optical system. Image information generated by an image source is amplified and corrected by the image amplifying lens and is emitted, after passing through the input coupling part 3, the optical waveguide part 4 and the Fresnel lens emitting part 5, light enters human eyes of an observer, and outside scenes enter the eyes of the observer through the optical waveguide part.
From the object side to the human eye side, an optical system based on the fresnel lens and the optical waveguide technology includes, an image source 1, an image magnifying lens optical section, a first magnifying lens 21 and a second magnifying lens 22, an input coupling section 3, an optical waveguide section 4, and a fresnel lens exit section 5, a fresnel lens compensation section 6. The optical path diagram of the optical system is shown in fig. 2.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the curved surface type of the image-magnifying-lens optical-section first magnifying-lens first curved surface 21a, the first magnifying-lens second curved surface 21b, and the second magnifying lens 22a, the second magnifying lens 22b, and the fresnel-lens exit section may be one of the following three surface types: anamorphic aspheric surfaces, toric XY polynomial surfaces, and bi-quadric surfaces.
a. Deformed aspheric surface
In the formula (1), CxIs the radius of curvature of the curved surface in the X-Z plane in the X direction, CyIs the radius of curvature, K, of the curved surface in the Y-Z plane in the Y directionxIs the coefficient of the quadratic curve, K, of the curved surface in the X directionyIs the coefficient of the quadratic curve in the Y direction of the curved surface, AiIs 4,6,8,10, … 2 order n aspheric coefficients, and has rotational symmetry about the Z axis, PiIs a 4,6,8,10, … 2 order n non-rotationally symmetric coefficient. The XYZ orientation is shown in figure 1. Each parameter is in the real range.
b. Toric XY polynomial surface
Surface equation of toric XY polynomial surface (AXYP):
wherein, cx，cyThe radius of curvature, k, of the apex of the curved surface in the meridian and sagittal directions, respectivelyx，kyCoefficient of quadric surface, C, in the meridional and sagittal directions, respectively(m,n)Is a polynomial xmynP is the highest power of the polynomial. Each parameter is in the real range.
c. Double quadric surface
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the radius value in the X direction is set in the first parameter column. If set to 0, the radius value in the x-direction is considered to be infinite. Parameter definition of biquadric: a first parameter Rx, a second parameter Kx. Where Kx is the coefficient of the quadric surface. Each parameter is a real number range.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the Fresnel lens emergent optical part is glued with the Fresnel lens compensation optical part, and the gluing surface is plated with a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent film.
In particular, in one embodiment, the image source may be a self-emissive liquid crystal on silicon display element. The image plane emergence angle a of the display element is an included angle between the emergent ray at the edge of the image plane and the normal line of the image plane, and theta is within a range of +/-10 degrees and not more than 150 degrees. For example, the image plane exit angle a may be ± 5 °, or ± 10 °. a, when the angle is +/-5 degrees, the field of view is small, and the obtained illuminance is high; when the angle a is +/-10 degrees, the visual field is large, and the obtained illumination is slightly low.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the inner layer of the optical waveguide portion is a glass material with a high refractive index, the outer layer is a hard coating film for preventing scratches, and the outer layer is an antireflection film for increasing light transmittance. To ensure the transmission of light in the light guide, the incident angle of light in the light guide portion is θ > arcsin (n1/n2), θ > arcsin (n3/n2), where n1 is the refractive index of outer layer one 41, n2 is the refractive index of inner layer 42, and n3 is the refractive index of outer layer two 43.
The augmented reality projection optical system based on the Fresnel lens and the optical waveguide technology is simple and compact in structure, few in prism elements, small in prism thickness, small in size, light in weight, high in optical imaging quality and large in view field.
The invention has reasonable structure and convenient use, and can overcome the defects of the prior art; the Fresnel lens and optical waveguide combination-based mode provided by the invention can achieve the purposes of volume miniaturization, light weight, lower power consumption and comfortable wearing; the augmented reality technology based on the Fresnel lens and the optical waveguide can be widely applied to various fields of augmented reality technologies such as entertainment, simulation training, surgical operation and the like.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. An augmented reality optical device based on fresnel lens and optical waveguide principles, comprising: the Fresnel lens, an image source (1), an image amplification lens optical part (2), an input coupling part (3), an optical waveguide part (4), a Fresnel lens emergent part (5) and a Fresnel lens compensation part (6);
the input coupling part (3), the optical waveguide part (4), the Fresnel lens emergent part (5) and the Fresnel lens compensation part (6) are connected in sequence;
the image magnifying lens optical portion (2) is disposed below the input coupling portion (3);
the image source (1) is arranged below the central line of the optical part (2) of the image amplification lens in the vertical direction;
the image source (1) is capable of displaying an image;
the image magnifying lens optical part (2) can magnify the image displayed by the image source (1);
the input coupling part (3) can couple the image amplified by the image amplifying lens optical part (2) into the optical waveguide part (4);
the optical waveguide portion (4) is capable of transmitting an image enlarged by the image-enlarging lens optical portion (2);
the Fresnel lens exit part (5) is capable of outputting an image transmitted through the optical waveguide part (4);
the Fresnel lens exit section (5) is capable of correcting aberrations;
the Fresnel lens compensation portion (6) is capable of compensating for aberrations generated by the Fresnel lens.
2. The fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle based augmented reality optical device according to claim 1, wherein the image magnifying lens optical section (2) comprises: a first magnifying lens (21) and a second magnifying lens (22).
3. The fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle based augmented reality optical device according to claim 2, wherein the first magnifying lens (21) comprises: a first magnifying lens first curved surface (21a), a first magnifying lens second curved surface (21 b);
the second magnifying lens (22) includes: a second magnifying lens first curved surface (22a), a second magnifying lens second curved surface (22 b);
after an image provided by the image source (1) is magnified and aberration corrected by the first magnifying lens (21) and the second magnifying lens (11), light rays exit from the image magnifying lens optical portion (2) and enter the input coupling portion (3).
4. The fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle based augmented reality optical device according to claim 2, wherein the optical waveguide section (4) comprises: a first outer layer (41), an inner layer (42), and a second outer layer (43);
the first outer layer (41) and the second outer layer (43) are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner layer (42);
the refractive index n2 of the inner layer (42) is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first outer layer (41) and the refractive index n3 of the second outer layer (43).
5. The fresnel lens and light guide principle based augmented reality optical device according to claim 4, wherein the light ray incidence angle θ > arcsin (n1/n2) of the light guide section (4);
the light guide section (4) has a light incident angle theta > arcsin (n3/n 2).
6. The fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle based augmented reality optical device of claim 1, wherein the fresnel lens comprises: a Fresnel lens both-end unit (51);
the Fresnel lens emergent part (5) is arranged on the Fresnel lens two-end unit (51);
the surface type of the Fresnel lens adopts any one of the following surface types:
-spherical or aspherical;
-an anamorphic aspherical surface;
-a toric XY polynomial surface;
-a bi-quadric surface.
7. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the Fresnel lens is coated with a semi-reflective and semi-transparent film.
8. The fresnel lens and light guide principle based augmented reality optical device according to claim 1, wherein the image source (1) comprises any of the following displays:
-a silicon based liquid crystal display;
-a micro organic light emitting diode display;
the brightness of the image source (1) is greater than 1000 nits;
the size of the image source (1) is less than 0.5 inches;
the range of an included angle a between an image surface edge emergent optical fiber of the image source (1) and an image surface normal is as follows:
±10°≤a≤150°。
9. the Fresnel lens and light guide principle based augmented reality optical device according to claim 3, wherein the first magnifying lens first curved surface (21a), the first magnifying lens second curved surface (21b), the second magnifying lens first curved surface (22a) and the second magnifying lens second curved surface (22b) can adopt any one of the following shapes:
-a spherical surface;
-an aspherical surface;
-an anamorphic aspherical surface;
-a toric XY polynomial surface;
-a bi-quadric surface.
10. The fresnel lens and optical waveguide principle based augmented reality optical device according to claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide portion (4) comprises any one of the following:
-a planar array optical waveguide;
-a diffractive optical waveguide;
-a holographic optical waveguide;
the surface shape of the Fresnel lens compensation part (6) and the surface shape of the Fresnel lens exit part (5) are kept consistent.
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