TW202336123A - Freshwater biodegradable mixed ester cellulose esters - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses mixed cellulose esters that are freshwater biodegradable. The present application also discloses compositions, articles, beads and films (e.g, reverse dispersion quarter waveplate) made from the mixed cellulose esters.

Description

Freshwater biodegradable mixed ester cellulose ester

In the natural environment, conventional non-biodegradable plastics mechanically break down into small pieces of plastic (called microplastics) that persist in the environment. Some single-use plastics, such as microbeads used in health and beauty products, and lint microfibers from clothing are other sources of microplastics. Due to their size, these microplastics end up in natural bodies of water. To reduce the production of microplastics, freshwater biodegradable plastics need to be used.

Applicants disclose mixed ester cellulose acetate propionate and mixed ester cellulose acetate butyrate polymers that have been designed to have appropriate mixtures of acetyl, propyl/butyrate and hydroxyl contents to biodegrade in freshwater environments . The mixed ester cellulose esters disclosed herein are suitable for use in the preparation of freshwater biodegradable films, microbeads, and other products.

This application discloses a mixed ester cellulose ester ("MCE"), which contains: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of propyl substituents; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents , wherein: the degree of substitution of the MCE for the acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac ") is 0.6 to 1.9, and the degree of substitution of the MCE for the propyl substituents ("DS _Pr ") is 0.5 to 0.95 , the degree of substitution (“DS _OH ”) of the MCE for the hydroxyl substituents is 0.7 to 1.4.

This application also discloses a mixed cellulose ester ("MCE"), which contains: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of propyl substituents; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents , where: the average degree of substitution of the MCE for the acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac ") is 0.6 to 1.2, and the average degree of substitution of the MCE for the propyl substituents ("DS _Pr ") is 1.05 to 1.4, and the average degree of substitution ("DS _OH ") of the MCE for the hydroxyl substituents is 0.7 to 1.4.

The present application also discloses a mixed cellulose ester ("MCE"), which contains: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of butyl substituents; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein : The average degree of substitution of the MCE for the acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac ") is 0.9 to 2.4, the average degree of substitution of the MCE for the butyl substituents ("DS _Bu ") is 0.1 to 1.1, the The average degree of substitution ("DS _OH ") of MCE for these hydroxyl substituents is 0.6 to 1.5.

This application also discloses compositions, articles, beads, bead compositions, and films made from the mixed ester compositions disclosed herein.

The present application also discloses cellulose ester particles formed from a cellulose ester composition, the cellulose ester composition comprising: (I) Mixed cellulose ester ("MCE"), which includes: (1) A plurality of acetyl groups substituents; (2) a plurality of (C _2-3 )alkyl-CO- substituents; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, where: the average degree of substitution of the MCE for the acetyl substituents (" DS _Ac ”) is 0.6 to 2.4, the MCE has an average degree of substitution (“DS _AkCO ”) for the (C _2-3 )alkyl-CO- substituents of 0.1 to 1.1, and the MCE has an average degree of substitution for the hydroxyl substituents The average degree of substitution ("DS _OH ") is 0.55 to 1.5; and (II) cellulose acetate ("CA"), which contains: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; and (2) a plurality of hydroxyl substitutions group, wherein: the average degree of substitution of the CA for the acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac ") is 1.5 to 2.6, and the average degree of substitution of the CA for the hydroxyl substituents ("DS _OH ") is 0.4 to 0.4 to 2.6. 1.5.

This application also discloses a doping composition, which includes: (A) cellulose ester composition: (I) mixed cellulose ester ("MCE"), which includes: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of (C _2-3 )alkyl-CO- substituents; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, where: the average degree of substitution of the MCE for the acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac " ) is 0.6 to 2.4, the MCE has an average degree of substitution ("DS _AkCO ") for the (C _2-3 ) alkyl-CO- substituents of 0.1 to 1.1, the MCE has an average substitution for the hydroxyl substituents degree ("DS _OH ") of 0.55 to 1.5, and (II) cellulose acetate ("CA"), which contains: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; and (2) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein : The average degree of substitution of the CA for the acetyl substituents (“DS _Ac ”) is 1.5 to 2.6, and the average degree of substitution of the CA for the hydroxyl substituents (“DS _OH ”) is 0.4 to 1.5; and (B) A solvent, wherein the solvent includes: (1) water, (2) (C _1-2 ) alkyl acetate, and (3) (C _1-5 ) alkanol, wherein the doping composition exhibits a temperature range of 3000 to Viscosity in the 9000 cP range.

The present invention may be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description of the invention and the examples provided therein. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methods, formulations and conditions described, as such may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects of the invention only and is not intended to be limiting.

Values can be expressed as "about" or "approximately" a given number. Similarly, ranges may be expressed herein as "about" one particular value and/or to "about" or another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation by use of the prefix "about," it should be understood that the particular value takes another form.

As used herein, the terms "a", "an" and "the" mean one or more.

As used herein, the term "and/or" when used in a list of two or more items means that either one of the listed items may be employed by itself, or that all may be employed. Any combination of two or more of the listed items. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and/or C, the composition may contain A alone, B alone, C alone; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C. ; A combination containing B and C; or a combination containing A, B and C.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "comprises," and "comprise" are open-ended conversion terms used to convert subject matter stated before the term to after the term. One or more elements of a narrative, where the one or more elements listed after the transition term are not necessarily the only elements that make up the subject matter.

As used herein, the terms "having", "has" and "have" have the same meaning as "comprising", "comprises" and "comprises" as provided above. (comprise)" the same open meaning.

As used herein, the terms "including", "includes" and "include" have the same meaning as "comprising", "comprises" and "includes" provided above. (comprise)" the same open meaning.

"Degree of Substitution" is used to describe the average degree of substitution of a substituent per anhydroglucose unit ("AGU"). Generally speaking, conventional cellulose contains three optionally substituted hydroxyl groups in each AGU. Therefore, DS can have values between 0 and 3. However, low molecular weight cellulose mixed esters may have a total degree of substitution slightly higher than 3 due to end group effects. Low molecular weight cellulose mixed esters are discussed in greater detail subsequently in this disclosure. Since DS is a statistical mean, a value of 1 does not ensure that each AGU has a single substituent. In some cases, unsubstituted anhydroglucose units may be present, some with two substituents and some with three substituents, and generally the values will be non-integer numbers. Total DS is defined as the average number of all substituents per anhydroglucose unit. The degree of substitution per AGU may also refer to specific substituents, such as hydroxy, acetyl, butyl, or propyl. Additionally, the degree of substitution may specify a given hydroxyl group based on the carbon unit of the anhydroglucose unit.

When the degree of substitution refers to hydroxyl groups (ie, DS _OH ), it refers to the average unsubstituted hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose. Therefore, DS _OH is not used in calculating the total degree of substitution.

Numeric range The present description uses numerical ranges to quantify certain parameters relevant to the present invention. It will be understood that where numerical ranges are provided, such ranges should be construed as providing textual support for asserting limitations that recite only the lower end of the range and for asserting limitations that recite only the upper end of the range. For example, the disclosed numerical range of 10 to 100 provides textual support for the assertion that the recitation is "greater than 10" (without an upper limit) and for the assertion that the recitation is "less than 100" (without a lower limit).

This specification uses specific numerical values, which are not explicitly part of a numerical range, to quantify certain parameters relevant to the present invention. It is understood that each specific numerical value provided herein should be interpreted as providing literal support for broad, intermediate and narrow ranges. The wide range associated with each specific numerical value is the numerical value plus or minus 60% of that value, rounded to two significant digits. The intermediate range associated with each specific numerical value is the numerical value plus or minus 30% of that value, rounded to two significant digits. The narrow range associated with each specific numerical value is the numerical value plus or minus 15% of that value, rounded to two significant digits. For example, if this specification describes a specific temperature of 62℉, such description provides textual support for: a wide numerical range of 25℉ to 99℉ (62℉ +/- 37℉), 43℉ to 81℉ The intermediate numerical range is (62℉ +/- 19℉) and the narrow numerical range is 53℉ to 71℉ (62℉ +/- 9℉). Such wide, intermediate and narrow numerical ranges shall apply not only to specific values, but also to differences between such specific values. Therefore, if this specification describes a first pressure of 110 psia and a second pressure of 48 psia (a difference of 62 psi), the wide, middle, and narrow ranges of the pressure difference between the two streams would be 25 to 99 psi respectively. , 43 to 81 psi and 53 to 71 psi.

Throughout this application, where reference is made to a patent or publication, the disclosures of such references are intended to be incorporated by reference in their entirety into this application to the extent not inconsistent with the present invention in order to more fully describe the invention. Involves current advanced technology.

The cellulose esters thus prepared generally contain the following structure: wherein R ² , R ³ and R ⁶ are hydrogen (with the proviso that R ² , R ³ and R ⁶ are not hydrogen at the same time), alkyl-acyl and/or aryl-acyl (such as those described above They), which are bonded to cellulose via ester bonds.

The degree of polymerization ("DP") of cellulose esters prepared by such methods can be at least 10. In other embodiments, the cellulose ester may have a DP of at least 50, at least 100, or at least 250. In other embodiments, the cellulose ester may have a DP in the range of about 5 to about 100, or in the range of about 10 to about 50.

Chelating agents suitable for use herein may include, but are not limited to, alkyl or aryl carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acid halides and/or carboxylic acid esters containing alkyl or aryl groups as described above. Suitable for acyl substituents of the substituted cellulose esters described herein. Examples of suitable carboxylic anhydrides include, but are not limited to, acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, pivalyl anhydride, benzoic anhydride, and naphthoyl anhydride. Examples of carboxylic acid halides include, but are not limited to, acetyl, propionyl, butyl, pivalidyl, benzyl, and naphthoyl chlorides or bromides. Examples of carboxylic acid esters include, but are not limited to, acetyl, propylyl, butylyl, pivalyl, benzyl, and naphthylyl methyl esters. In one or more embodiments, the chelating agent may be one or more carboxylic anhydrides selected from the group consisting of: acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, pivalyl anhydride, benzyl anhydride, and Naphthoyl anhydride.

In a first aspect, the present application discloses a mixed ester cellulose ester ("MCE") comprising: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of propyl substituents; and ( 3) A plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein: the average degree of substitution of MCE for the acetyl substituent ("DS _Ac ") is 0.6 to 2.3, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for the propyl substituent ("DS _Pr ") is 0.1 to 0.95, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for hydroxyl substituents (“DS _OH ”) is 0.5 to 1.5.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this first aspect, wherein DS _Ac is 0.6 to 2.2, or 0.6 to 2.1, or 0.6 to 2.0, or 0.6 to 1.9, or 0.6 to 1.8, or 0.7 to 2.3, or 0.7 to 2.2, or 0.7 to 2.1, or 0.7 to 2.0, or 0.7 to 1.9, or 0.8 to 2.3, or 0.8 to 2.2, or 0.8 to 2.1, or 0.8 to 2.0, or 0.8 to 1.9, or 0.9 to 2.3, or 0.9 to 2.2, or 0.9 to 2.1, or 0.9 to 2.0, or 0.9 to 1.9, or 1.0 to 2.3, or 1.0 to 2.2, or 1.0 to 2.1, or 1.0 to 2.0, or 1.0 to 1.9 , or 1.1 to 2.3, or 1.1 to 2.2, or 1.1 to 2.1, or 1.1 to 2.0, or 1.1 to 1.9, or 1.2 to 2.3, or 1.2 to 2.2, or 1.2 to 2.1, or 1.2 to 2.0, or 1.2 to 1.9, Or 0.6 to 1.5, or 0.6 to 1.3, or 0.6 to 1.1, or 0.6 to 0.9, or 0.7 to 1.5, or 0.7 to 1.3, or 0.7 to 1.1, or 0.7 to 0.9.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this first aspect, wherein DS _Pr is 0.1 to 0.9, or 0.1 to 0.85, or 0.1 to 0.8, or 0.1 to 0.75, or 0.1 to 0.7, or 0.1 to 0.6, or 0.1 to 0.5, or 0.1 to 0.4, or 0.15 to 0.95, or 0.15 to 0.9, or 0.15 to 0.85, or 0.15 to 0.8, or 0.15 to 0.75, or 0.15 to 0.7, or 0.15 to 0.65 , or 0.2 to 0.95, or 0.2 to 0.9, or 0.2 to 0.85, or 0.2 to 0.8, or 0.2 to 0.75, or 0.2 to 0.7, or 0.2 to 0.65, 0.25 to 0.95, or 0.25 to 0.9, or 0.25 to 0.85, or 0.25 to 0.8, or 0.25 to 0.75, or 0.25 to 0.7, or 0.25 to 0.65, or 0.3 to 0.95, or 0.3 to 0.9, or 0.3 to 0.85, or 0.3 to 0.8, or 0.3 to 0.75, or 0.3 to 0.7, Or 0.3 to 0.65, or 0.35 to 0.95, or 0.35 to 0.9, or 0.35 to 0.85, or 0.35 to 0.8, or 0.35 to 0.75, or 0.35 to 0.7, or 0.35 to 0.65, or 0.4 to 0.95, or 0.4 to 0.9, or 0.4 to 0.85, or 0.4 to 0.8, or 0.4 to 0.75, or 0.4 to 0.7, or 0.4 to 0.65, or 0.45 to 0.95, or 0.45 to 0.9, or 0.45 to 0.85, or 0.45 to 0.8, or 0.45 to 0.75, or 0.45 to 0.7, or 0.45 to 0.65, or 0.5 to 0.95, or 0.5 to 0.9, or 0.5 to 0.85, or 0.5 to 0.8, or 0.5 to 0.75, or 0.5 to 0.7, or 0.5 to 0.65, or 0.1 to 0.9, Or 0.1 to 0.85, or 0.1 to 0.8.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this first aspect, wherein DS _OH is 0.5 to 1.5, or 0.5 to 1.45, or 0.5 to 1.40, or 0.5 to 1.35, or 0.5 to 1.30, or 0.5 to 1.25, or 0.5 to 1.2, or 0.5 to 1.15, or 0.5 to 1.1, or 0.5 to 1.05, or 0.5 to 1.0, or 0.5 to 0.95, or 0.5 to 0.9, or 0.55 to 1.5, or 0.55 to 1.45 , or 0.55 to 1.40, or 0.55 to 1.35, or 0.55 to 1.30, or 0.55 to 1.25, or 0.55 to 1.2, or 0.55 to 1.15, or 0.55 to 1.1, or 0.55 to 1.05, or 0.55 to 1.0, or 0.55 to 0.95 Or 0.55 to 0.9, or 0.6 to 1.5, or 0.6 to 1.45, or 0.6 to 1.40, or 0.6 to 1.35, or 0.6 to 1.30, or 0.6 to 1.25, or 0.6 to 1.2, or 0.6 to 1.15, or 0.6 to 1.1, Or 0.6 to 1.05, or 0.6 to 1.0, or 0.6 to 0.95, or 0.6 to 0.9, or 0.65 to 1.5, or 0.65 to 1.45, or 0.65 to 1.40, or 0.65 to 1.35, or 0.65 to 1.30, or 0.65 to 1.25, or 0.65 to 1.2, or 0.65 to 1.15, or 0.65 to 1.1, or 0.65 to 1.05, or 0.65 to 1.0, or 0.65 to 0.95, or 0.65 to 0.9, or 0.7 to 1.5, or 0.7 to 1.45, or 0.7 to 1.40, or 0.7 to 1.35, or 0.7 to 1.30, or 0.7 to 1.25, or 0.7 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.15, or 0.7 to 1.1, or 0.7 to 1.05, or 0.7 to 1.0, or 0.7 to 0.95, or 0.7 to 0.9.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this first aspect, wherein the sum of DS _Pr and DS _Ac is 1.9 to 2.44, or 1.9 to 2.0, or 1.9 to 2.1, or 1.9 to 2.2, or 1.9 to 2.3, or 2.0 to 2.44, or 2.0 to 2.1, or 2.0 to 2.2, or 2.0 to 2.3, or 2.1 to 2.44, or 2.1 to 2.2, or 2.1 to 2.3, or 2.2 to 2.44, or 2.2 to 2.3.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this first aspect, wherein the MCE exhibits at least 40% biodegradability and at least 45% biodegradability at 56 days according to OECD 301F test method Degradable, or at least 50% biodegradable, or at least 55% biodegradable, at least 60% biodegradable, or at least 65% biodegradable, or at least 70% biodegradable, or at least 75 % biodegradable, or at least 80% biodegradable, or at least 85% biodegradable.

In one embodiment, or any other embodiment, class, or subclass combination with this first aspect, the MCE has a weight average molecular weight in the following range: 5,000 to 100,000 Da, or 5,000 to 50,000 Da, or 5,000 to 25,000 Da, or 15,000 to 100,000 Da, or 15,000 to 50,000 Da, or 15,000 to 25,000 Da, or 50,000 to 100,000 Da, or 75,000 to 100,000 Da, or 15,000 to 250,000 Da.

In a second aspect, the present application discloses a mixed cellulose ester ("MCE") comprising: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of propyl substituents; and (3) ) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein: the average degree of substitution of MCE for the acetyl substituent ("DS _Ac ") is 0.6 to 1.2, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for the propyl substituent ("DS _Pr ") is 1.05 to 1.4, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for hydroxyl substituents ("DS _OH ") is 0.7 to 1.4.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this second aspect, wherein DS _Ac is 0.6 to 0.7, or 0.6 to 0.8, or 0.6 to 0.9, or 0.6 to 1.0, or 0.6 to 1.1, or 0.7 to 0.9, or 0.7 to 1.0, or 0.7 to 1.1, or 0.7 to 1.2, or 0.8 to 0.9, or 0.8 to 1.0, or 0.8 to 1.1, or 0.8 to 1.2, or 0.9 to 1.0, or 0.9 to 1.1, or 0.9 to 1.2, or 1.0 to 1.1, or 1.0 to 1.2, or 1.1 to 1.2.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this second aspect, wherein DS _Pr is from 1.05 to 1.35, or from 1.05 to 1.3, or from 1.05 to 1.25, or from 1.05 to 1.2, or from 1.05 to 1.15, or 1.05 to 1.1, or 1.1 to 1.4, or 1.1 to 1.35, or 1.1 to 1.3, or 1.1 to 1.25, or 1.1 to 1.2, or 1.1 to 1.15, or 1.15 to 1.4, or 1.15 to 1.35, or 1.15 to 1.3, or 1.15 to 1.25, or 1.15 to 1.2, or 1.2 to 1.4, or 1.2 to 1.35, or 1.2 to 1.3, or 1.2 to 1.25, or 1.25 to 1.4, or 1.25 to 1.35, or 1.25 to 1.3, or 1.3 to 1.4, or 1.3 to 1.35.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this second aspect, wherein DS _OH is 0.7 to 1.35, or 0.7 to 1.3, or 0.7 to 1.25, or 0.7 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.15, or 0.7 to 1.1, or 0.7 to 1.05, or 0.7 to 1.0, or 0.7 to 0.95, or 0.7 to 0.9, or 0.7 to 0.85, or 0.7 to 0.8, or 0.7 to 0.75, or 0.75 to 1.4, or 0.75 to 1.35, or 0.75 to 1.3, or 0.75 to 1.25, or 0.75 to 1.2, or 0.75 to 1.15, or 0.75 to 1.1, or 0.75 to 1.05, or 0.75 to 1.0, or 0.75 to 0.95, or 0.8 to 1.4, or 0.8 to 1.35, or 0.8 to 1.3, or 0.8 to 1.25, or 0.8 to 1.2, or 0.8 to 1.15, or 0.8 to 1.1, or 0.8 to 1.05, or 0.85 to 1.4, or 0.85 to 1.35, or 0.85 to 1.3, or 0.85 to 1.25, or 0.85 to 1.2, or 0.85 to 1.15, or 0.85 to 1.1, or 0.85 to 1.05, or 0.9 to 1.4, or 0.9 to 1.35, or 0.9 to 1.3, or 0.9 to 1.25, or 0.9 to 1.2, or 0.9 to 1.15, or 0.9 to 1.1, or 0.9 to 1.05.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this second aspect, wherein the sum of DS _Pr and DS _Ac is 1.65 to 2.3, or 1.65 to 2.2, or 1.65 to 2.1, or 1.65 to 2.0, or 1.65 to 1.9, or 1.65 to 1.8, or 1.7 to 2.3, or 1.7 to 2.2, or 1.7 to 2.1, or 1.7 to 2.0, or 1.7 to 1.9, or 1.7 to 1.8, or 1.75 to 2.3, or 1.75 to 2.2, or 1.75 to 2.1, or 1.75 to 2.0, or 1.75 to 1.9, or 1.8 to 2.3, or 1.8 to 2.2, or 1.8 to 2.1, or 1.8 to 2.0, or 1.8 to 1.9, or 1.9 to 2.3, or 1.9 to 2.2, or 1.9 to 2.1, or 1.9 to 2.0, or 2.0 to 2.3, or 2.0 to 2.2, or 2.0 to 2.1.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this second aspect, wherein DS _OH is 0.6 to 0.7, or 0.7 to 1.35, or 0.7 to 1.3, or 0.7 to 1.25, or 0.7 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.15, or 0.7 to 1.1, or 0.7 to 1.05, or 0.7 to 1.0, or 0.7 to 0.95, or 0.7 to 0.9, or 0.7 to 0.85, or 0.7 to 0.8, or 0.7 to 0.75, or 0.75 to 1.4, or 0.75 to 1.35, or 0.75 to 1.3, or 0.75 to 1.25, or 0.75 to 1.2, or 0.75 to 1.15, or 0.75 to 1.1, or 0.75 to 1.05, or 0.75 to 1.0, or 0.75 to 0.95, or 0.8 to 1.4, or 0.8 to 1.35, or 0.8 to 1.3, or 0.8 to 1.25, or 0.8 to 1.2, or 0.8 to 1.15, or 0.8 to 1.1, or 0.8 to 1.05, or 0.85 to 1.4, or 0.85 to 1.35, or 0.85 to 1.3, or 0.85 to 1.25, or 0.85 to 1.2, or 0.85 to 1.15, or 0.85 to 1.1, or 0.85 to 1.05, or 0.9 to 1.4, or 0.9 to 1.35, or 0.9 to 1.3, or 0.9 to 1.25, or 0.9 to 1.2, or 0.9 to 1.15, or 0.9 to 1.1, or 0.9 to 1.05.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this second aspect, wherein the MCE exhibits at least 40% biodegradability and at least 45% biodegradability at 56 days according to OECD 301F test method Degradable, or at least 50% biodegradable, or at least 55% biodegradable, at least 60% biodegradable, or at least 65% biodegradable, or at least 70% biodegradable, or at least 75 % biodegradable, or at least 80% biodegradable, or at least 85% biodegradable.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this second aspect, the MCE has a weight average molecular weight in the following range: 5,000 to 100,000 Da, or 5,000 to 50,000 Da, or 5,000 to 25,000 Da, or 15,000 to 100,000 Da, or 15,000 to 50,000 Da, or 15,000 to 25,000 Da, or 50,000 to 100,000 Da, or 75,000 to 100,000 Da, or 15,000 to 250,000 Da.

In a third aspect, the present application also discloses a mixed cellulose ester ("MCE") comprising: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of butyl substituents; and (3) A plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein: the average degree of substitution of MCE for the acetyl substituent ("DS _Ac ") is 0.9 to 2.4, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for the butyl substituent ("DS _Bu ") is 0.1 to 1.1, The average degree of substitution of MCE for hydroxyl substituents ("DS _OH ") is 0.6 to 1.5.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this third aspect, wherein DS _Ac is 0.9 to 2.4, 0.9 to 2.3, or 0.9 to 2.2, or 0.9 to 2.1, or 0.9 to 2.0 , or 0.9 to 1.9, or 0.9 to 1.8, or 0.9 to 1.7, or 0.9 to 1.6, or 0.9 to 1.4, 0.9 to 1.3, or 0.9 to 1.2, or 0.9 to 1.1, or 0.9 to 1.0, or 0.92 to 2.4, 0.92 to 2.3, or 0.92 to 2.2, or 0.92 to 2.1, or 0.92 to 2.0, or 0.92 to 1.9, or 0.92 to 1.8, or 0.92 to 1.7, or 0.92 to 1.6, or 0.92 to 1.4, 0.92 to 1.3, or 0.92 to 1.2, or 0.92 to 1.1, or 0.92 to 1.0, or 0.94 to 2.4, 0.94 to 2.3, or 0.94 to 2.2, or 0.94 to 2.1, or 0.94 to 2.0, or 0.94 to 1.9, or 0.94 to 1.8, or 0.94 to 1.7, or 0.94 to 1.6, or 0.94 to 1.4, 0.94 to 1.3, or 0.94 to 1.2, or 0.94 to 1.1, or 0.94 to 1.0, or 0.96 to 2.4, 0.96 to 2.3, or 0.96 to 2.2, or 0.96 to 2.1, Or 0.96 to 2.0, or 0.96 to 1.9, or 0.96 to 1.8, or 0.96 to 1.7, or 0.96 to 1.6, or 0.96 to 1.4, 0.96 to 1.3, or 0.96 to 1.2, or 0.96 to 1.1, or 0.96 to 1.0, or 0.98 to 2.4, 0.98 to 2.3, or 0.98 to 2.2, or 0.98 to 2.1, or 0.98 to 2.0, or 0.98 to 1.9, or 0.98 to 1.8, or 0.98 to 1.7, or 0.98 to 1.6, 0.98 to 1.4, 0.98 to 1.3 , or 0.98 to 1.2, or 0.98 to 1.1, or 0.98 to 1.0, or 1.0 to 2.4, 1.0 to 2.3, or 1.0 to 2.2, or 1.0 to 2.1, or 1.0 to 2.0, or 1.0 to 1.9, or 1.0 to 1.8, or 1.0 to 1.7, or 1.0 to 1.6, or 1.0 to 1.4, or 1.0 to 1.3, 1.0 to 1.2, or 1.0 to 1.1, or 1.1 to 2.4, or 1.1 to 2.3, or 1.1 to 2.2, or 1.1 to 2.1, or 1.1 to 2.0, or 1.1 to 1.9, or 1.1 to 1.8, or 1.1 to 1.7, or 1.1 to 1.6, 1.1 to 1.4, or 1.1 to 1.3, or 1.1 to 1.2, or 1.2 to 2.4, or 1.2 to 2.3, or 1.2 to 2.2, or 1.2 to 2.1, or 1.2 to 2.0, or 1.2 to 1.9, or 1.2 to 1.8, or 1.2 to 1.7, or 1.2 to 1.6, or 1.2 to 1.4, or 1.2 to 1.3, or 1.3 to 2.4, or 1.3 to 2.3, or 1.3 to 2.2, or 1.3 to 2.1, or 1.3 to 2.0, or 1.3 to 1.9, or 1.3 to 1.8, or 1.3 to 1.7, or 1.3 to 1.6, or 1.3 to 1.4, or 1.4 to 2.4, or 1.4 to 2.3, or 1.4 to 2.2, or 1.4 to 2.1, or 1.4 to 2.0, or 1.4 to 1.9, or 1.4 to 1.8, or 1.4 to 1.7, or 1.4 to 1.6, or 1.5 to 2.4, or 1.5 to 2.3, or 1.5 to 2.2, or 1.5 to 2.1, or 1.5 to 2.0, or 1.5 to 1.9, or 1.5 to 1.8, or 1.5 to 1.7, or 1.5 to 1.6, or 1.6 to 2.4, or 1.6 to 2.3, or 1.6 to 2.2, or 1.6 to 2.1, or 1.6 to 2.0, or 1.6 to 1.9, or 1.6 to 1.8, or 1.6 to 1.7, or 1.7 to 2.4, or 1.7 to 2.3, or 1.7 to 2.2, or 1.7 to 2.1, or 1.7 to 2.0, or 1.7 to 1.9, or 1.7 to 1.8, or 1.8 to 2.3, or 1.8 to 2.1, or 1.8 to 2.0, or 1.8 to 1.9, or 1.9 to 2.3, or 1.9 to 2.2, or 1.9 to 2.1, or 1.9 to 2.0, or 2.0 to 2.4, or 2.0 to 2.3, or 2.0 to 2.2, or 2.0 to 2.1, or 2.1 to 2.4, or 2.1 to 2.3, or 2.1 to 2.2, or 2.2 to 2.3.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this third aspect, wherein DS _Bu is 0.1 to 1.35, or 0.1 to 1.3, or 0.1 to 1.25, or 0.1 to 1.2, or 0.1 to 1.15, or 0.1 to 1.1, or 0.1 to 1.0, or 0.1 to 0.8, or 0.1 to 0.6, or 0.2 to 1.35, or 0.2 to 1.3, or 0.2 to 1.25, or 0.2 to 1.2, or 0.2 to 1.15, or 0.2 to 1.1, or 0.2 to 1.0, or 0.2 to 0.8, or 0.2 to 0.6, or 0.2 to 0.4, or 0.3 to 1.35, or 0.3 to 1.3, or 0.3 to 1.25, or 0.3 to 1.2, or 0.3 to 1.15, or 0.3 to 1.1, or 0.3 to 1.0, or 0.3 to 0.8, or 0.3 to 0.6, or 0.3 to 0.5, or 0.4 to 1.35, or 0.4 to 1.3, or 0.4 to 1.25, or 0.4 to 1.2, or 0.4 to 1.15, or 0.4 to 1.1, or 0.4 to 1.0, or 0.4 to 0.8, or 0.4 to 0.6, or 0.5 to 1.35, or 0.5 to 1.3, or 0.5 to 1.25, or 0.5 to 1.2, or 0.5 to 1.15, or 0.5 to 1.1, or 0.5 to 1.0, or 0.5 to 0.8, or 0.5 to 0.7, or 0.6 to 1.35, or 0.6 to 1.3, or 0.6 to 1.25, or 0.6 to 1.2, or 0.6 to 1.15, or 0.6 to 1.1, or 0.6 to 1.0, or 0.6 to 0.8, or 0.7 to 1.35, or 0.7 to 1.3, or 0.7 to 1.25, or 0.7 to 1.2, or 0.7 to 1.15, or 0.7 to 1.1, or 0.7 to 1.0, or 0.8 to 1.35, or 0.8 to 1.3, or 0.8 to 1.25, or 0.8 to 1.2, or 0.8 to 1.15, or 0.8 to 1.1, or 0.8 to 1.0, or 0.9 to 1.35, or 0.9 to 1.3, or 0.9 to 1.25, or 0.9 to 1.2, or 0.9 to 1.15, or 0.9 to 1.1, or 1.0 to 1.35, or 1.0 to 1.3, or 1.0 to 1.25, or 1.0 to 1.2, or 1.0 to 1.15, or 1.0 to 1.1, or 1.05 to 1.35, or 1.05 to 1.3, or 1.05 to 1.25, or 1.05 to 1.2, or 1.05 to 1.15, or 1.05 to 1.1, or 1.1 to 1.4, or 1.1 to 1.35, or 1.1 to 1.3, or 1.1 to 1.25, or 1.1 to 1.2, or 1.1 to 1.15, or 1.15 to 1.4, or 1.15 to 1.35, or 1.15 to 1.3, or 1.15 to 1.25, or 1.15 to 1.2, or 1.2 to 1.4, or 1.2 to 1.35, or 1.2 to 1.3, or 1.2 to 1.25, or 1.25 to 1.4, or 1.25 to 1.35, or 1.25 to 1.3, or 1.3 to 1.4, or 1.3 to 1.35.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this third aspect, wherein DS _OH is 0.5 to 1.0, or 0.5 to 0.95, or 0.5 to 0.9, or 0.5 to 0.85, or 0.5 to 0.8, or 0.5 to 0.75, or 0.5 to 0.7, or 0.5 to 0.65, or 0.5 to 0.6, or 0.5 to 0.55, or 0.55 to 1.0, or 0.55 to 0.95, or 0.55 to 0.9, or 0.55 to 0.85, or 0.55 to 0.8, or 0.55 to 0.75, or 0.55 to 0.7, or 0.55 or 0.65, or 0.55 to 0.6, or 0.6 to 0.65, or 0.6 to 0.7, or 0.6 to 0.75, or 0.6 to 0.8, or 0.6 to 0.85, or 0.6 to 0.9, or 0.6 to 0.95, or 0.6 to 1.0, or 0.65 to 0.7, or 0.65 to 0.75, or 0.65 to 0.8, or 0.65 to 0.85, or 0.65 to 0.9, or 0.65 to 0.95, or 0.65 to 1.0.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this third aspect, wherein the sum of DS _Bu and DS _Ac is 1.65 to 2.3, or 1.65 to 2.2, or 1.65 to 2.1, or 1.65 to 2.0, or 1.65 to 1.9, or 1.65 to 1.8, or 1.7 to 2.3, or 1.7 to 2.2, or 1.7 to 2.1, or 1.7 to 2.0, or 1.7 to 1.9, or 1.7 to 1.8, or 1.75 to 2.3, or 1.75 to 2.2, or 1.75 to 2.1, or 1.75 to 2.0, or 1.75 to 1.9, or 1.8 to 2.3, or 1.8 to 2.2, or 1.8 to 2.1, or 1.8 to 2.0, or 1.8 to 1.9, or 1.9 to 2.3, or 1.9 to 2.2, or 1.9 to 2.1, or 1.9 to 2.0, 2.0 to 2.4, or 2.0 to 2.3, or 2.0 to 2.2, or 2.0 to 2.1.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination with this third aspect, wherein the MCE exhibits at least 40% biodegradability and at least 45% biodegradability at 56 days according to OECD 301F test method Degradable, or at least 50% biodegradable, or at least 55% biodegradable, at least 60% biodegradable, or at least 65% biodegradable, or at least 70% biodegradable, or at least 75 % biodegradable, or at least 80% biodegradable, or at least 85% biodegradable.

In one embodiment, or any other embodiment, class, or subclass combination with this third aspect, the MCE has a weight average molecular weight in the following range: 5,000 to 100,000 Da, or 5,000 to 50,000 Da, or 5,000 to 25,000 Da, or 15,000 to 100,000 Da, or 15,000 to 50,000 Da, or 15,000 to 25,000 Da, or 50,000 to 100,000 Da, or 75,000 to 100,000 Da, or 15,000 to 250,000 Da.

In a fourth aspect, the present application also discloses a composition comprising any of the previously disclosed mixed cellulose esters.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition further comprises a plasticizer. Plasticizers reduce the melting temperature, Tg and/or melt viscosity of MCE.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the plasticizer is triacetin, triethyl citrate, poly(ethylene glycol), Benzoflex , Propylene Glycol, Polysorbate Sucrose Octaacetate, Acetylated Triethyl Citrate, Acetylated Tributyl Citrate, Admex, Tripropionin, Scandiflex, Poloxamer Copolymer, Polyethylene Glycol Alcohol succinate, diisobutyl adipate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and glycol tribenzoate.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the plasticizer is present in an amount of from 1 to 40 wt%, based on the weight of the cellulose ester composition, Or 1 to 30 wt%, or 1 to 20 wt%, or 1 to 10 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 5 to 40 wt%, or 5 to 30 wt%, or 5 to 20 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%, or 5 to 5 wt%, or 10 to 40 wt%, or 10 to 30 wt%, or 10 to 20 wt%, or 10 to 10 wt%, or 10 to 5 wt%, 15 to 40 wt%, or 15 to 30 wt%, or 15 to 20 wt%, or 15 to 10 wt%, or 15 to 5 wt%.

In one category of this embodiment, the plasticizer is a biodegradable plasticizer. Some examples of biodegradable plasticizers include triacetin, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, polyethylene glycol, paraben-containing plasticizers such as the Benzoflex™ plasticizer series , such as poly(butylene succinate), poly(alkyl succinate), polyether esters, adipate plasticizers, soybean oil epoxides such as Paraplex™ plasticizer series, sucrose plasticizers Agent, dibutyl sebacate, tributyrin, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, Resolflex™ series plasticizer, triphenyl phosphate, glycolate, poly(ethylene glycol), 2,2,4 -Trimethylpentane-1,3-diylbis(2-methylpropionate) and polycaprolactone.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition further comprises at least one biodegradable polymer other than MCE.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the biodegradable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA and PHB), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone polymer (PCL), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), poly(ethylene succinate) (PES), poly(acetic acid vinyl ester) (PVA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and copolymers [such as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA)], other cellulose esters, cellulose Ethers, starch, proteins, their derivatives and combinations thereof.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition includes two or more biodegradable polymers.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition includes the following amount of biodegradable polymer, based on the total weight of the composition: 0.1 to 60 wt%, 0.1 to 50 wt%, or 0.1 to 40 wt%, or 0.1 to 30 wt%, or 0.1 to 20 wt%, or 0.1 to 15 wt%, or 0.1 to 10 wt%, or 0.1 to 5 wt% , or 1 to 40 wt%, or 1 to 30 wt%, or 1 to 25 wt%, or 1 to 20 wt%, or 1 to 10 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 5 to 40 wt%, Or 5 to 30 wt%, or 5 to 25 wt%, or 5 to 20 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition further includes at least one of a filler, additive, stabilizer and/or odor modifying agent.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the filler is of one type and is present in an amount that enhances biodegradability and/or compostability.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition includes at least one filler selected from: carbohydrates (sugar and salt), cellulose, and Organic fillers (wood powder, wood fiber, hemp fiber, carbon, coal particles, graphite and starch), mineral and inorganic fillers (calcium carbonate, talc, silica, titanium dioxide, glass fiber, glass balls, boron nitride, trioxide Hydrated aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, alumina and clay), food waste or by-products (eggshells, wine grains and coffee grounds), desiccants (such as calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide), Alkaline fillers (eg, Na ₂ CO ₃ , MgCO ₃ ) or combinations of these fillers (eg, mixtures).

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition may include at least one filler that also acts as a colorant additive. In one of the subcategories of this category or in any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the colorant additive filler may be selected from: carbon, graphite, titanium dioxide, opalizers, dyes, pigments, tints Colorants and combinations thereof.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition may include at least one filler that also acts as a stabilizer or flame retardant.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the composition further includes at least one filler in the following amounts, based on the total weight of the composition: 1 to 60 wt%, or 5 to 55 wt%, or 5 to 50 wt%, or 5 to 45 wt%, or 5 to 40 wt%, or 5 to 35 wt%, or 5 to 30 wt%, or 5 to 25 wt%, or 10 to 55 wt%, or 10 to 50 wt%, or 10 to 45 wt%, or 10 to 40 wt%, or 10 to 35 wt%, or 10 to 30 wt%, or 10 to 25 wt %, or 15 to 55 wt%, or 15 to 50 wt%, or 15 to 45 wt%, or 15 to 40 wt%, or 15 to 35 wt%, or 15 to 30 wt%, or 15 to 25 wt% , or 20 to 55 wt%, or 20 to 50 wt%, or 20 to 45 wt%, or 20 to 40 wt%, or 20 to 35 wt%, or 20 to 30 wt%.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category, or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the stabilizer is at least one of: a UV absorber, an antioxidant (eg, ascorbic acid, BHT, BHA, etc.), acids or free radical scavengers, epoxidized oils (e.g., epoxidized soybean oil), or combinations thereof.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the stabilizer includes one or more co-antioxidants.

In one category of this embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the stabilizer includes a first stabilizer component selected from one or more co-antioxidants and a first stabilizer component selected from one or more co-antioxidants. Secondary stabilizer component of various primary antioxidants, citric acid, or combinations thereof.

In one category of this embodiment or in any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the additive is an organic acid, a salt, a wax, a compatibilizer, a biodegradation accelerator, a dye, a pigment, a coloring agents, gloss control agents, lubricants, antioxidants, viscosity modifiers, antifungal agents, anti-haze agents, impact modifiers, antibacterial agents, softeners, release agents or combinations thereof. It should be noted that the same type of compound or material may be identified for or included in multiple classes of components in a composition. For example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) may act as a plasticizer or as an additive that does not act as a plasticizer, such as a hydrophilic polymer or a biodegradation accelerator, for example where lower molecular weight PEG has a plasticizing effect and is more High molecular weight PEG acts as a hydrophilic polymer without plasticizing effect.

Antioxidants can be classified into several categories, including primary antioxidants and secondary antioxidants. It is generally known that primary antioxidants essentially act as free radical terminators (scavengers). Co-antioxidants are generally known to decompose hydroperoxides (ROOH) into non-reactive products before decomposing into alkoxy and hydroxyl radicals. Secondary antioxidants are usually used in combination with free radical scavengers (main antioxidants) to achieve synergistic inhibition, and secondary AO is used to extend the life of phenolic main AO.

A "primary antioxidant" is an antioxidant that acts by reacting with peroxide radicals via hydrogen transfer to quench free radicals. Primary antioxidants often contain reactive hydroxyl or amine groups, such as hindered phenols and secondary aromatic amines. Examples of primary antioxidants include BHT, Irganox™ 1010, 1076, 1726, 245, 1098, 259 and 1425; Ethanox™ 310, 376, 314 and 330; Evernox™ 10, 76, 1335, 1330, 3114, MD 1024, 1098 , 1726, 120, 2246 and 565; Anox™ 20, 29, 330, 70, IC-14 and 1315; Lowinox™ 520, 1790, 22IB46, 22M46, 44B25, AH25, GP45, CA22, CPL, HD98, TBM-6 and WSP; Naugard™ 431, PS48, SP and 445; Songnox™ 1010, 1024, 1035, 1076 CP, 1135 LQ, 1290 PW, 1330FF, 1330PW, 2590 PW and 3114 FF; and ADK Stab AO-20, AO-30 , AO-40, AO-50, AO-60, AO-80 and AO-330.

"Co-antioxidants" are often called hydroperoxide decomposers. It works by reacting with hydroperoxides to break them down into non-reactive and thermally stable products that are not free radicals. It is often used in combination with primary antioxidants. Examples of co-antioxidants include compounds of the organophosphorus (eg, phosphite, phosphonite diester) and organosulfur classes. The phosphorus and sulfur atoms of these compounds react with the peroxide to convert the peroxide to alcohol. Examples of co-antioxidants include Ultranox 626, Ethanox™ 368, 326 and 327; Doverphos™ LPG11, LPG12, DP S-680, 4, 10, S480, S-9228, S-9228T; Evernox™ 168 and 626; Irgafos™ 126 and 168; Weston™ DPDP, DPP, EHDP, PDDP, TDP, TLP and TPP; Mark™ CH 302, CH 55, TNPP, CH66, CH 300, CH 301, CH 302, CH 304 and CH 305; ADK Stab 2112 , HP-10, PEP-8, PEP-36, 1178, 135A, 1500, 3010, C and TPP; Weston 439, DHOP, DPDP, DPP, DPTDP, EHDP, PDDP, PNPG, PTP, PTP, TDP, TLP, TPP, 398, 399, 430, 705, 705T, TLTTP and TNPP; Alkanox 240, 626, 626A, 627AV, 618F and 619F; and Songnox™ 1680 FF, 1680 PW and 6280 FF.

In one of the subcategories of this category or in any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the odor modifier may be selected from: Vanilla Extract, Peppermint Oil M-1178, Almond, Phenyl Allyl , spices, spice extracts, volatile organic compounds or small molecules and plastidor. In one of the subcategories of this category or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this fourth aspect, the odor modifier is vanilla extract.

In one of the subclasses of this class or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, the odor modifying agent is present in an amount from 0.01 to 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition, or 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 0.25 wt%, or 0.1 to 0.2 wt%. The mechanism of odor-modifying additives may include masking, trapping, supplementation, or a combination of these.

In one of the sub-categories of this category or in any other embodiment, category or sub-category combination of this fourth aspect, the compatibilizer is a non-reactive compatibilizer or a reactive compatibilizer. Compatibilizers enhance the ability of MCE or another component to achieve a desired small particle size to improve dispersion of selected components in the composition.

In one of the subclasses of this class or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, the compatibilizer is present in an amount from about 1 to about 40 wt %, based on the weight of the composition, or About 1 to about 30 wt%, or about 1 to about 20 wt%, or about 1 to about 10 wt%, or about 5 to about 20 wt%, or about 5 to about 10 wt%, or about 10 to about 30 wt% wt%, or about 10 to about 20 wt%.

In one of the subclasses of this class or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, the salt is an alkaline earth metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal carbonate, Alkali metal bicarbonate, ZnO and basic _Al2 O ₃ . In one of the subclasses of this class or in any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, the salt is MgO, Mg(OH) ₂ , _MgCO3 , CaO, Ca(OH) ₂ , _CaCO3 , NaHCO ₃ , Na ₂ CO ₃ , K ₂ CO ₃ , ZnOKHCO ₃ or alkaline Al ₂ O ₃ .

In one of the subclasses of this class or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, the organic acid is acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid , benzoic acid, formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate citrate, tartrate, oxalate, malate, maleic acid, maleate , phthalates, phthalates, parabens, and combinations thereof.

In one of the subcategories of this category or in any other embodiment, category or combination of subcategories of this fourth aspect, the biodegradation accelerator may include glycols, polyethylene glycols, polyethers and polyols, or other possible Biodegradable polymers such as poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polydioxane, polyoxalate, poly(alpha-hydroxyester), polycarbonate, polyanhydride, Polyacetal, polycaprolactone, poly(orthoester), polyamino acid, aliphatic polyester (such as poly(butylene glycol) succinate, poly(ethylene glycol) succinate), starch, Regenerated cellulose or aliphatic-aromatic polyester such as PBAT.

In one of the subclasses of this class or in any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, the colorant may include carbon black, iron oxide such as red or blue iron oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide , cadmium red, calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and organic pigments (such as azo-based and diazo-based and azido-based pigments), condensed azo, azo lake, Naphthol pigments, anthrapyrimidines, benzimidazolones, carbazoles, diketopyrrolopyrrole, xanthine, indigo pigments, isoindolinone, isoindoline, isoviolantthrone, metal complex pigments , 㗁𠯤, perylene, peridone, pithrone, pyrazoquinazolone, quinoline yellow, triaryl based carbon pigment, triphenyl dibenzoyl 𠯤, 𠮿 , thioindigo, indigoanthraquinone, isoindigoanthraquinone, anthraquinone, anthraquinone, isobiphenylparaanthraquinone, triphenyldimethacinone, quinacridone and phthalocyanine series, especially copper phthalocyanine and its core Halogenated derivatives, and also lakes of acid, basic and mordant dyes, and isoindolinone pigments, as well as plant and vegetable dyes, and any other available colorants or dyes.

In one of the subclasses of this class or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, the gloss control agent may include silica, talc, clay, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate , magnesium carbonate and the like.

In one of the subclasses of this class or in any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, antifungal and/or antibacterial agents include polyene antifungals (e.g., natamycin, natamycin, Filipin, filipin, nitrothricin, amphotericin B, candicin, and hammycin), imidazole antifungals such as miconazole (available as MICATIN® from WellSpring Pharmaceutical), ketoconazole (commercially available as NIZORAL® from McNeil Consumer Healthcare), clotrimazole (commercially available as LOTRAMIN® and LOTRAMIN AF® from Merck and CANESTEN® from Bayer ), econazole, omeconazole, bifonazole, butoconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, oxyconazole, sertaconazole (commercially available as ERTACZO® from OrthoDematologics), sulfur Conazole and tioconazole; triazole antifungals such as fluconazole, itraconazole, isavuconazole, lavconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, terconazole and abaconazole, thiazole antifungals Fungal agents (e.g., abafungin), allylamine antifungals (e.g., terbinafine (commercially available as LAMISIL® from Novartis Consumer Health), naftifine (commercially available as NAFTIN from Merz Pharmaceuticals ®) and butenafine (commercially available as LOTRAMIN ULTRA® from Merck), echinocandin antifungals (e.g., anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin), water Polygodial, benzoic acid, ciclopirox, tolnaftate (e.g., commercially available as TINACTIN® from MDS Consumer Care), undecenoic acid, flucytosine, 5-fluorocytosine, ash Flavomycin, halobenzinyl ethers, octanoic acid and any combination thereof.

In one of the subcategories of this category or in any other embodiment, category or combination of subcategories of this fourth aspect, viscosity modifiers having the purpose of modifying the melt flow index or viscosity of the compositions in which they may be used include polymers. Ethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and glycerin.

In one of the subclasses of this class or in any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this fourth aspect, a release agent or lubricant (e.g. fatty acid, ethylene glycol distearate), anti-stick or Slip agents (such as fatty acid esters, metal stearates (such as zinc stearate), and waxes), anti-fogging agents (such as surfactants), heat stabilizers (such as epoxy stabilizers, epoxy stabilizers) Derivatives of soybean oil (ESBO), linseed oil and sunflower oil), antistatic agents, foaming agents, biocides, impact modifiers or reinforcing fibers.

Disintegration and Biodegradation Generally, degradation is followed by determination of parameters such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), _CO2 production and oxygen uptake. There are three main methods for testing the biodegradation of materials: the Sturm method, the respiration method, and the radioactively labeled ¹⁴ C atom test method. The Stork method accurately measures carbon dioxide production via pressure changes. Respirometry tests accurately measure oxygen consumption over 60 days. Finally, the conversion rate of ¹⁴ C to ¹⁴ CO ₂ is determined by testing radioactively labeled ¹⁴ C atoms. With the device on the right, all three methods can be used in aquatic or composting conditions.

Freshwater Modified Stork Test (OECD 301B) The amount of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) produced as a percentage of the theoretical yield (based on total organic carbon analysis) is used as the basis for assessing whether a material biodegrades. CO ₂ is measured by means of a sodium hydroxide trap. The study is conducted for a minimum of 28 days and may be continued if _CO2 production shows signs of increasing towards the end of the 28 day period.

Biodegradation test - _O2 consumption (OECD 301F) can be used to monitor the biodegradation of polymeric materials. OECD 301F is an aquatic aerobic biodegradation test, which determines the biodegradability of materials by measuring oxygen consumption. OECD 301F is most commonly used for insoluble and volatile materials that are subject to test irritation by OECD 301B. The purity or proportions of the major components of the test material are critical to calculating the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). Like other OECD 301 test methods, OECD 301F's standard test duration is at least 28 days and can measure reserve or inherent biodegradability. A solution or suspension of the test substance in a mineral medium is inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark or in diffuse light. A reference compound (usually sodium acetate or sodium benzoate) is run in parallel to check the operation of the procedure.

There are three classifications of biodegradability: readily biodegradable, inherently biodegradable and non-biodegradable. A material is readily biodegradable if it reaches ≥60% of its theoretical oxygen demand within 28 days. Only after the 28-day window has passed, the inherently biodegradable material reaches the 60% level. Typically, testing of readily biodegradable materials lasts for 28 days, and extended testing periods can be used to classify materials as inherently biodegradable.

The OxiTop method is a modified Stork method used to analyze biodegradation while reporting biodegradability as oxygen consumption, converting the pressure of _CO2 generated during the test into a measurement of biological oxygen demand (BOD). OxiTop provides accurate measurement of aquatic biodegradation in an easy-to-use format. Measure biological oxygen demand [BOD] over time using the OxiTop® Control OC 110 Respirometer System. This is accomplished by measuring the negative pressure created when oxygen is consumed in a closed bottle system. NaOH pellets were added to the system to collect the _CO2 evolved as the _O2 was depleted. CO ₂ and NaOH react to form Na ₂ CO ₃ , thereby separating CO ₂ from the gas phase and causing a measurable negative pressure. The OxiTop measuring head records this negative pressure value and wirelessly transmits the information to the controller, which converts the generated CO ₂ into BOD thanks to a 1:1 ratio. The measured biological oxygen demand can be compared to the theoretical oxygen demand of each test material to determine the percent biodegradation. OxiTop can be used to screen materials for reserve or inherent biodegradability.

In a fifth aspect, the present application also discloses an article comprising any of the previously disclosed mixed cellulose esters.

In a sixth aspect, the present application also discloses beads comprising any of the previously disclosed mixed cellulose esters.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this sixth aspect, the diameter of the beads is 0.5 to 100 microns, or 0.5 to 50 microns, or 0.5 to 40 microns, or 0.5 to 30 microns. microns, or 0.5 to 20 microns, or 0.5 to 10 microns, or 1 to 100 microns, or 1 to 70 microns, or 1 to 60 microns, or 1 to 50 microns, 1 to 52 microns, or 1 to 40 microns, or 1 to 30 microns, or 1 to 20 microns, or 1 to 10 microns.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this sixth aspect, the beads exhibit a sphericity of: 50 to 100%, or 60 to 100%, or 70 to 100%, or 80 to 100%, or 90 to 100%, or 50 to 90%, or 50 to 80%, or 50 to 70%, or 60 to 90%, or 60 to 80%, or 60 to 70%, or 70 to 90 %, or 70 to 80%, or 80 to 90%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%. Sphericity can be determined according to the procedure disclosed in US Patent Publication No. 2020/0299488.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this sixth aspect, the beads exhibit the following oil absorption as measured using test method ASTM D281: at least 30 mL per 100 g or per 100 g 35 mL, or 40 mL per 100 g, or 45 mL per 100 g, or 50 mL per 100 g, or 55 mL per 100 g, or 60 mL per 100 g, where mineral oil is used instead of castor oil.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, class or subclass combination of this sixth aspect, the beads further comprise cellulose acetate, wherein the cellulose acetate has an average degree of substitution for the acetyl substituent ("DS _Ac ”) is 1.5 to 2.6. In one category of this embodiment, DS _Ac is 1.8 to 2.2, or 1.5 to 2.0, or 1.8 to 2.0, or 2.0 to 2.2.

In a seventh aspect, the present application also discloses a composition comprising a plurality of beads previously disclosed herein.

In one embodiment, or any other embodiment, category, or subcategory combination of this seventh aspect, the beads exhibit the following oil absorption as measured using test method ASTM D281: at least 30 mL per 100 g or per 100 g 35 mL, or 40 mL per 100 g, or 45 mL per 100 g, or 50 mL per 100 g, or 55 mL per 100 g, or 60 mL per 100 g, where mineral oil is used instead of castor oil.

In an eighth aspect, the present application also discloses a film comprising any of the previously disclosed mixed cellulose esters.

Films with desired optical properties can be used as compensation films. A quarter-wave plate is a film in which the in-plane retardation ("R _e ") is equal to one-quarter of the wavelength of light used to measure the in-plane retardation.

In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the film is a reverse dispersion quarter wave plate.

Films can be formed by solvent casting, melt extrusion, lamination or coating processes. Such procedures are generally known in the art. Examples of solvent casting, melt extrusion, lamination and coating methods can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. US 2009/0050842, US 2009/0054638, and US 2009/0096962, the contents of which are incorporated by reference. into this article. Other examples of solvent casting, melt extrusion, lamination and coating methods to form films can be found in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,592,885 and 7,172,713 and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. US 2005/0133953 and US 2010/0055356 , the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the film exhibits: (i) R _e (550 nm) in the range of 125 nm to 145 nm; (ii) R _th (550 nm) in the range of -65 nm to -100 nm ); (iii) Re (450nm ₎ /R _e (550nm) in the range of 0.85 to 0.98; (iv) Re (650nm)/ _{R e (} 550nm) in the range of 1.07 to 0.96; (v) 35 micron to Film thickness (“d”) of 80 microns; and (vi) haze % less than 1%, where R _e (450 nm), R _e (550 nm) and R e (650 nm) are at 450 nm, 550 nm and R _e (650 nm) respectively. The in-plane retardation is measured at a light wavelength of 650 nm, and R _th (550 nm) is the out-of-plane retardation measured at a light wavelength of 550 nm.

In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the film is uniaxially, biaxially or 45 degree stretched.

In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the film is biaxial or 45 degrees in the machine direction ("MD") at a ratio of 0.7 to 1 and in the transverse direction ("TD") at a ratio of 1 to 2 Stretch.

In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the film further comprises 5 to 25 wt% of a plasticizer comprising an aromatic moiety. In one category of this embodiment, the plasticizer is di((C _1-10 )alkyl) phthalate or triphenyl phosphate.

In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the film is a reverse dispersion quarter wave plate comprising: (A) mixed cellulose esters ("MCE") comprising (1) a plurality of acetyl base substituent, (2) a plurality of butyl substituents and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein the average degree of substitution ("DS _Ac ") of MCE for the acetyl substituent is 2.05 to 2.2, and the MCE for the butyl substituent The average degree of substitution ("DS _Bu ") of MCE for hydroxyl substituents ("DS _OH ") is 0.18 to 0.25, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for hydroxyl substituents ("DS OH") is 0.54 to 0.6; and (B) 5 to 25 wt% as two ((C _1-10 ) Plasticizers of alkyl) phthalates or diphenyl phosphates, wherein the film exhibits (i) R _e (550 nm) in the range of 125 nm to 145 nm, (ii) -65 nm to R _th (550nm) in the range of -100 nm, (iii) R _e (450nm)/R _e (550nm) in the range of 0.85 to 0.98, (iv) R _e (650nm)/R in the range of 1.07 to 0.96 _e (550nm), (v) film thickness (“d”) from 35 microns to 80 microns and (vi) turbidity % less than 1%, where R _e (450nm), R _e (550nm) and R _e (650nm) ) are the in-plane retardations measured at light wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm, respectively, and R _th (550 nm) is the out-of-plane retardation measured at the light wavelength of 550 nm.

In one category of this embodiment, the film is biaxially or 45-degree stretched at a ratio of 0.7 to 1 in the machine direction ("MD") and at a ratio of 1 to 2 in the transverse direction ("TD").

In a ninth aspect, the present application also discloses a film prepared from any of the previously disclosed compositions or mixed cellulose esters.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this ninth aspect, wherein the composition further comprises 1 to 40 wt% cellulose acetate, wherein the cellulose acetate exhibits 1.5 to 2.6 for acetate Average degree of substitution of acyl substituents. In one category of this embodiment, DS _Ac is 1.8 to 2.2, or 1.5 to 2.0, or 1.8 to 2.0, or 2.0 to 2.2.

In a tenth aspect, the present application also discloses cellulose ester particles formed from a cellulose ester composition comprising: (I) a mixed cellulose ester ("MCE") comprising (1 ) a plurality of acetyl substituents, (2) a plurality of (C _2-3 ) alkyl-CO- substituents and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, where the average degree of substitution of MCE for the acetyl substituent is ( "DS _Ac ") is 0.6 to 2.4, the average degree of substitution of MCE for the (C _2-3 ) alkyl-CO- substituent ("DS _AkCO ") is 0.1 to 1.1, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for the hydroxyl substituent is ( "DS _OH ") is 0.55 to 1.5; and (II) cellulose acetate ("CA"), which contains a plurality of acetyl substituents and a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein the average substitution of CA for the acetyl substituent degree ("DS _Ac ") is 1.5 to 2.6, and the average degree of substitution of CA for the hydroxyl substituent ("DS _OH ") is 0.4 to 1.5.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, (C _2-3 )alkyl-CO- is propyl. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, (C _2-3 )alkyl-CO- is butylyl.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, the MCE is present at 60 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and the CA is present at 1 wt% to 40 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, MCE is present at 55 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present at 1 wt% to 45 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, the MCE is present at 65 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and the CA is present at 1 wt% to 35 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, MCE is present at 70 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present at 1 wt% to 30 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, the MCE is present at 75 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and the CA is present at 1 wt% to 25 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, MCE is present at 80 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present at 1 wt% to 20 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, the MCE is present at 85 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and the CA is present at 1 wt% to 25 wt% present.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this tenth aspect, the cellulose ester particles exhibit at least one of: (i) an average particle size of 1 micron to 60 microns; (ii) ) a bulk density of 0.2 to 0.7; (iii) an average surface area of 0.1 m ² /g to 10 m ² /g; or (iv) a sphericity of 70% to 100%.

In an eleventh aspect, the present application also discloses a doped composition comprising: (A) a cellulose ester composition: (I) a mixed cellulose ester ("MCE") comprising (1) plural acetyl substituents, (2) a plurality of (C _2-3 ) alkyl-CO- substituents and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, where: the average degree of substitution of MCE for the acetyl substituent (" DS _Ac ") is 0.6 to 2.4, the average degree of substitution of MCE for (C _2-3 ) alkyl-CO- substituents ("DS _AkCO ") is 0.1 to 1.1, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for hydroxyl substituents (" DS _OH ") is 0.55 to 1.5, and (II) cellulose acetate ("CA"), which contains: a plurality of acetyl substituents; and a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein: CA for the acetyl substituent The average degree of substitution ("DS _Ac ") is 1.5 to 2.6, and the average degree of substitution of CA for the hydroxyl substituent ("DS _OH ") is 0.4 to 1.5; and (B) a solvent, wherein the solvent includes: (1) water, ( 2) (C _1-2 ) alkyl acetate and (3) (C _1-5 ) alkanol, wherein the doped composition exhibits a viscosity in the range of 3000 to 9000 cP.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, (C _2-3 )alkyl-CO- is propyl. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, (C _2-3 )alkyl-CO- is butylyl.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, MCE is present at 60 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present at Present from 1 wt% to 40 wt%. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, MCE is present in 55 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present in 1 wt% to 45 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, MCE is present in 65 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present in 1 wt% to 35 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, MCE is present at 70 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present at Present from 1 wt% to 30 wt%. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, MCE is present in 75 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present in 1 wt% to 25 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, MCE is present at 80 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present at 1 wt% to 20 wt% present. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, MCE is present in 85 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cellulose ester composition, and CA is present in 1 wt% to 25 wt% present.

In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, the cellulose ester composition is present in 5 wt% to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the doped composition, And the solvent is present at 80 wt% to 95 wt%. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, the cellulose ester composition is present in 5 wt% to 15 wt% based on the total weight of the doped composition, And the solvent is present at 85 wt% to 95 wt%. In one embodiment or any other embodiment, category or subcategory combination of this eleventh aspect, the cellulose ester composition is present in 5 wt% to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the doped composition, And the solvent is present at 90 wt% to 95 wt%.

In a twelfth aspect, the present application also discloses an organic light-emitting diode ("OLED") display including any of the previously disclosed films.

Specific Examples Example 1. A film comprising mixed cellulose esters ("MCE") comprising: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of butyl substituents; and (3) a plurality of butyl substituents; Hydroxy substituent, wherein: MCE has an average degree of substitution for acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac ") of 0.9 to 2.4, MCE has an average degree of substitution of butyl substituents ("DS Bu") of 0.1 to 1.1, MCE has an average degree of substitution of butyl substituents ("DS _Bu ") of 0.1 to 1.1, The average degree of substitution of hydroxyl substituents ("DS _OH ") is 0.55 to 1.5.

Embodiment 2. The film of embodiment 1, wherein the sum of DS _Bu and DS _Ac is 2.0 to 2.4.

Embodiment 3. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 2, wherein DS _Bu is 0.1 to 0.3.

Embodiment 4. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein DS _Ac is 2.0 to 2.3.

Embodiment 5. The membrane of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein DS _OH is 0.6 to 0.7.

Embodiment 6. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the film is a reverse dispersion quarter wave plate.

Embodiment 7. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the film exhibits: (i) _Re (550nm) in the range of 125 nm to 145 nm, (ii) -65 nm to -100 nm R _th (550nm), (iii) Re (450nm)/R _e (550nm) in the range of 0.85 to 0.98, (iv) Re (650nm)/ _{R e (} 550nm) in the range _of 1.07 to 0.96, ( v) Film thickness ("d") of 35 microns to 80 microns, and (vi) Turbidity % less than 1%, where _Re (450nm), _Re (550nm) and _Re (650nm) are respectively at 450nm nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm light wavelengths, and R _th (550 nm) is the out-of-plane retardation measured at 550 nm light wavelengths.

Embodiment 8. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the film is uniaxially, biaxially or 45 degree stretched.

Embodiment 9. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the film has a ratio of 0.7 to 1 in the machine direction ("MD") and a ratio of 1 to 2 in the transverse direction ("TD") Biaxial or 45 degree stretch.

Embodiment 10. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the film further comprises 5 to 25 wt% of a plasticizer comprising an aromatic moiety.

Embodiment 11. The film of Embodiment 10, wherein the plasticizer is di((C _1-10 )alkyl) phthalate or triphenyl phosphate.

Embodiment 12. The film of any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the film exhibits at least 40% biodegradability at 56 days according to OECD 301F test method.

Example 13. A reverse dispersion quarter-wave plate comprising: (A) mixed cellulose ester ("MCE") comprising: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of acetyl substituents; Butylyl substituent; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein: the average degree of substitution of MCE for the acetyl substituent ("DS _Ac ") is 2.05 to 2.2, and the average degree of substitution of MCE for the butyl substituent ("DS _Bu ”) is 0.18 to 0.25, the average degree of substitution of MCE for hydroxyl substituents (“DS _OH ”) is 0.54 to 0.6; and (B) 5 to 25 wt% plasticizer, which is two ((C _{1- 10} ) Alkyl) phthalate or diphenyl phosphate, wherein the film exhibits: (i) R _e (550 nm) in the range of 125 nm to 145 nm, (ii) -65 nm to -100 nm R _th (550nm), (iii) Re (450nm)/R _e (550nm) in the range of 0.85 to 0.98, (iv) Re (650nm)/ _{R e (} 550nm) in the range _of 1.07 to 0.96, ( v) Film thickness ("d") of 35 microns to 80 microns, and (vi) Turbidity % less than 1%, where _Re (450nm), _Re (550nm) and _Re (650nm) are respectively at 450nm nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm light wavelengths, and R _th (550 nm) is the out-of-plane retardation measured at 550 nm light wavelengths.

Embodiment 14. The film of Embodiment 13, wherein the film is biaxially or 45-degree stretched in the machine direction ("MD") at a ratio of 0.7 to 1 and in the transverse direction ("TD") at a ratio of 1 to 2 stretch.

Embodiment 15. The film of any one of embodiments 13 to 14, wherein the film exhibits at least 40% biodegradability at 56 days according to OECD 301F test method.

Embodiment 16. An organic light-emitting diode ("OLED") display comprising the film of any one of Embodiments 1 to 15.

Experimental section abbreviation Ac ₂ O is acetic anhydride; AcOH is acetic acid; Biodeg is biodegradation; CA-398-3 is Eastman cellulose acetate 398-3; CA-398-6 is Eastman cellulose acetate 398-6; CA-398-10 is Eastman cellulose acetate 398-10; CA-398-30 is Eastman cellulose acetate 398-30; CA-394-60LF is Eastman cellulose acetate 394- 60LF; CE is cellulose ester; CEx is a comparative example; ℃ is degrees Celsius; CAB is cellulose acetate butyrate; CA is cellulose acetate; DS is the average degree of substitution; Ex is an example; DS _Ac is the average substitution of acetyl group degree; DS _Bu is the average degree of substitution of butyl group; DS _OH is the average degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups; g is grams; h is hour; kg is kilogram; Mg(OAc) ₂ is magnesium acetate; min is minute; mL is milliliter; M _w is the weight average molecular weight; OAc is acetate; Pr ₂ O is propionic anhydride; PrOH is propionic acid; Pz is plasticizer; rt is room temperature; soln is solution; _Tg is glass transition temperature; TXIB is EZ Man TXIB™ formulation additive (trimethylpentyl diisobutyrate); VM234 is Eastman Visualize™ Material 234.

Preparation of cellulose acetate propionate (Ex 1) (DS _Ac =1.1, DS _Pr =1.12, DS _OH =0.78, M _w =153777) will be activated cellulose mixture [cellulose (7.1 parts) and PrOH (11.0 parts)] Cool to 15°C in the vessel with overhead stirring. Subsequently, a solution of sulfuric acid (0.2 parts), Ac ₂ O (11.3 parts) and Pr ₂ O (13.3 parts) cooled to 15°C (chelated solution) was added to the cooled activated cellulose mixture with stirring. The resulting reaction mixture was warmed to 23°C and stirred at 23°C for 60 min. The reaction mixture was then heated to 63°C over 45 min, at which time a solution of PrOH (32.3 parts) and H ₂ O (11.3 parts) was added. The mixture was then stirred at 71 °C for 600 min. The mixture was treated with Mg(OAc) ₂ .4H ₂ O (0.45 parts) in AcOH (7.3 parts) and H ₂ O (5.6 parts), and the mixture was stirred for 30 min and cooled to rt. Strain the mixture. The cellulose ester was precipitated from the filtrate by water and stirred in a commercial blender, and the cellulose ester was filtered and collected. The solid was washed with flowing water and dried in a vacuum oven set at 60°C until dry to obtain the desired Need products.

The following cellulose esters in Table 1 were prepared by adapting the procedure used to prepare Cellulose Acetate Propionate 1. Table 1. Preparation conditions for Ex 2 to 5 , 7 to 8 and CEx 5 . Ex activated cellulose blend chelation solution hydrolysis solution Hydrolysis conditions Cellulose ( parts) Acid ( part) H ₂ SO ₄ ( parts) Ac ₂ O ( parts) Pr ₂ O ( part) PrOH ( part) H ₂ O ( parts) Time(min) Temperature( ℃) 2 7.1 PrOH (11.0) 0.2 11.3 13.3 32.3 11.3 900 71 3 7.1 PrOH (11.8) 0.2 3.8 22.2 32.0 11.1 900 71 4 7.0 PrOH (8.5) AcOH (4.6) 0.2 17.8 5.0 32.2 11.3 600 71 5 7.1 PrOH (11.1) 0.2 10.1 14.6 32.1 11.3 1125 71 7 38 PrOH (62) 1 55 44 74 26 750 71 8 38 PrOH (62) 1 55 44 74 26 800 71 CEx 5 38 PrOH (62) 1 20 79 74 26 1350 71

Table 2 provides the properties of the cellulose esters prepared above. Table 2. Degree of substitution and molecular weight of Ex 2 to 5 , 7 to 8 and CEx 5 . Ex DS _{A DSPR} Total DS DS _OH M _w (Da) 2 0.90 1.06 1.96 1,04 102937 3 0.50 1.64 2.14 1,9 166383 4 1.79 0.45 2.24 0.76 128258 5 0.59 1.07 1.66 1.34 45963 7 1.40 0.81 2.21 0.79 65400 8 1.18 0.78 1.96 1.04 73400 CEx 5 0.55 1.34 1.89 1.11 46000

Preparation of cellulose acetate butyrate (Ex 6) (DS _Ac =2.17, DS _Bu =0.21, DS _OH =0.62 M _w =80,000 - 105,000) activated cellulose mixture [Cellulose (5.4 parts) and AcOH (21.5 parts)] And a certain amount of sulfuric acid is cooled to 32°C in a stirring reactor. Subsequently, a mixture of Ac ₂ O (11.3 parts) and Bu ₂ O (7.3 parts) was added and the mixture was cooled to about 9°C with stirring. A total of 0.4 parts of additional sulfuric acid was added and the resulting reaction mixture was warmed to 55°C. A mixture of AcOH (23.3 parts) and _H2O (9.0 parts) was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was then stirred at 68°C for 495 min, but after 80 min a mixture of Mg(OAc) ₂ (0.26 parts), BuOH (8.7 parts), AcOH (0.06 parts) and H ₂ O (3.8 parts) was added. After the entire time, the mixture was completely neutralized with a solution of Mg(OAc) ₂ (0.37 parts), BuOH (1.9 parts), AcOH (0.09 parts) and _H2O (6.7 parts). The mixture is then precipitated in water, washed and dried by conventional means. Table 3. Preparation conditions for Ex 9 to 10 and CEx 6 to 7 . Ex activated cellulose blend chelation solution hydrolysis solution Hydrolysis conditions Cellulose ( parts) Acid ( part) H ₂ SO ₄ ( parts) Ac ₂ O ( parts) Bu ₂ O ( part) PrOH ( part) H ₂ O ( parts) Time(min) Temperature( ℃) 9 twenty two 78 2 60 38 72 28 720 71 10 twenty two 78 2 60 38 72 28 840 71 CEx 6 37 63 1 39 60 74 26 1350 71 CEx 7 35 65 1 59 40 74 26 600 71 Table 4. Degree of substitution and molecular weight of Ex 9 to 10 and CEx 6 to 7 . Ex DS _{A DSBU} Total DS DS _OH M _w (Da) 9 2.01 0.23 2.24 0.76 55796 10 1.98 0.22 2.2 0.80 71904 CEx 6 1.07 0.74 1.81 1.19 29900 CEx 7 1.75 0.65 2.40 0.60 22400

Biodegradable Biodegradation of CE is evaluated in the aqueous aerobic biodegradation test according to ISO 14851 or OECD 301F method. The total testing period is approximately 56 days. Testing is performed at 21℃±2℃. Biodegradation testing was performed using Eastman wastewater treatment sludge as inoculum.

In this test, CE is dispersed in a chemically defined mineral culture medium without other organic carbon sources and inoculated with microorganisms from wastewater sludge. When microorganisms biodegrade test materials in liquid culture media, oxygen is consumed by the microorganisms and carbon from the test materials is converted into _CO2 . The carbon dioxide produced during the process is trapped inside the bottle by NaOH (NaOH is placed in a quiver inside the closed test bottle) and causes a pressure drop in the headspace. This pressure drop corresponds directly to the oxygen consumed, and therefore to the biodegradation of the test material.

Biodegradation was calculated from oxygen consumption as the ratio of biological oxygen demand (BOD) after correcting for the theoretical oxygen demand of the control and test substances. A material is considered biodegradable if it has reached at least 90% or 90% of the reference material (according to ISO 14851) at 56 days. And according to the ECHA microplastic proposal, if the material has reached at least 60% biodegradation in 60 days, it is considered biodegradable. Table 5. Provides freshwater biodegradability properties for CEx 1 to 7 and Ex 1 to 10 . Ex number Test duration ( days ) Degradation % at end time Initiation of biodegradation ( days) Initial slope of biodegradation (%/ day) CEx 1 56 83.8-86.0 1.4-3.0 6.0-8.0 CEx 2 36 72.1 6.0 8.7 CEx 3 54 2.6 N/A N/A CEx 4 56 0.3 N/A N/A 1 40 66.7 20.9 4.4 2 56 67.0 16.2 5.0 3 - - - - 4 56 80.8 5.5 11.8 5 56 68.0 10.7 6.6 6 56 59.6 11.8 3.9 7 35 66.0 17.0 4.38 8 26 74.6 9.6 7.52 CEx 5 30 2.2 25.0 1.32 9 55 67.0 14.5 3.01 10 55 81.8 9.6 6.32 CEx 6 31 5.09 NA NA CEx 7 30 -1.37 NA NA

Preparation of Microbeads Preparation Procedure 1 Procedure 1 is based on the procedure disclosed in EP0750007 ("EP'007").

Cellulose acetate butyrate microbeads 7 ( Procedure 1) Ex 6 (40 g), EtOAc (185 g) and EtOH (25 g) were used in the oil phase; and Benecel A4M (1.5 g), Tween 28 (4.5 g) , water (350 g) and EtOAc (50 mL) were used for the aqueous phase. The water phase was premixed using a rotor-stator at 9000 rpm for 5 min, and then the oil phase was added to the water phase over 20 min. The resulting oily emulsion was stirred for 50 min, and the emulsion was filtered through a 200 mesh screen into water (2500 mL) with stirring over five minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h. Filter the particles formed. The resulting microparticles were washed with water and centrifuged at 10,000 for 10 min to separate the particles from the aqueous phase (repeated three times). The final particles exhibited a _D10 of 1.21 microns, a _D50 of 4.96 microns, a _D90 of 12 microns, and a polydispersity of 0.646, as determined by light scattering. D ₁₀ or D ₅₀ or D ₉₀ is the particle size value below which 10% or 50% or 90% of the material is contained.

Preparation Procedure 2 Dopant was prepared by adding the cellulose ester mixture (90 g) to an ethyl acetate, (C _2-3 ) alkanol, water mixture (547.7 g, 80:13:7) while stirring at 250 rpm. Preparation of dopants of cellulose ester mixtures. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt (ca. 30 min).

Cellulose Acetate Butyrate/Cellulose Acetate Dopants Preparation Table 4 provides the cellulose acetate used to prepare a representative dopant by Ex 6 . Table 5 shows which cellulose acetate butyrate/cellulose acetate dopants are possible from ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous systems. The dopant was prepared by mixing CAB/CA (6.0 g) in solvent [37.0 g (EA:EtOH:water, 80:13:7)]. Table 6. Description of cellulose acetate materials used to form mixed ester-cellulose acetate microbeads. CA DS _A CA-398-3 2.4 CA-398-6 2.4 CA-398-10 2.4 CA-398-30 2.4 CA-394-60LF 2.4

Table 7 provides dopants made from Ex 6 , various cellulose acetates, or blends of Ex 6 and various cellulose acetates according to the doping procedure in Preparation Procedure 2. Only certain cellulose acetates can be blended with Ex 6 to form dopants in the EA:EtOH:water solvent system, and none of the cellulose acetates used are capable of forming dopants in the EA:EtOH:water solvent system. Miscellaneous. Ex 6 readily forms dopants in EA:EtOH:water solvent systems. Table 7. Preparation of Ex6 and various CA dopants using EA:EtOH:water (80:13:7) solvent system. Ex 6 (wt%) CA(wt%) Soluble Viscosity(cP) 100 - yes 5830-9000 - CA-398-3 (100) no - - CA-398-6 (100) no - - CA-398-10(100) no - - CA-398-30 (100) no - - CA-394-60LF (100) no - 90 CA-398-3 (10) yes 4360 70 CA-398-3 (30) ^No1 - 90 CA-398-6 (10) yes 5180 70 CA-398-6 (30) Yes-turbid 3660 90 CA-398-10 (90) no - 70 CA-398-10 (30) no - 90 CA-398-30 (90) Yes-turbid 5020 70 CA-398-30 (30) Yes-turbid 5200 90 CA-398-60LF (10) no - 70 CA-398-60LF (30) no - A certain amount of solid/gel remains after ¹⁷² hours.

Aqueous mixture The aqueous mixture used to prepare the emulsion was prepared by mixing ethyl acetate (124.6 g) and methylcellulose (6.8 g) using a 2-stage inclined blade stirrer (250 rpm) until a dispersion formed. Then add water (1280 g) and Tween-28 (13.5 g). The resulting aqueous mixture was stirred for approximately 30 min, at which time a solution formed.

Emulsion / Dispersion Method for Bead Formation The dopant (637.7 g) was charged into the aqueous mixture (1424.3 g) at a rate of 15 mL/min (approximately 45 min) while stirring (250 rpm). Subsequently, the resulting mixture was stirred at 250 rpm and the mixture was recirculated via a MagicLab online high shear mixer (6000 rpm) at 200 mL/min for 30 min.

The mixture was then added to water (5625 g) with stirring (250 rpm) at 200 mL/min, and the mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture was centrifuged (3000 rpm, 15 min) to separate the beads. The beads were washed with water and centrifuged again (3000 rpm, 15 min) (2 times). The resulting beads were dried in an oven at 100 °C at 150 mmHg (16 h).

Table 8 provides microbeads made with various weight percents of cellulose acetate using Ex 6 blends using Procedure 2. Table 8. Process results for microbeads from CA/CAb blends Ex number CA(wt%) Ex 6 (w%) Particle size ¹ , µm <1 µm, % PSD modal ² span ³ Bulk density, g/mL 8 CA-398-3 (10) 90 8.24 1.59 twin peaks 2.17 0.534 9 CA-398-3 (20) 80 12.7 1.42 three peaks 2.74 0.541 10 CA-398-3 (30) 70 16.4 1.36 four peaks 2.16 No information 11 CA-398-6 (10) 90 9.48 1.72 three peaks 1.82 0.541 12 CA-398-6 (20) 80 10.3 0.75 three peaks 2.09 0.541 13 CA-398-6 (30) 70 7.59 1.02 twin peaks 1.78 0.536 14 CA-398-30 (10) 90 9.64 1.57 twin peaks 1.92 0.491 15 CA-398-30 (20) 80 11.7 1.23 three peaks 2.13 0.499 16 CA-398-30 (30) 70 15.6 1.41 three peaks 2.14 0.507 ^1Particle size based on ^volume2 PSD = Particle size distribution

Fuel consumption measurement The absorption or oil uptake properties are measured using test method ASTM D281, "Standard Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Squeegee Ablation," using mineral oil rather than castor oil. Mineral oil (item number ELL-MIOL-01) was obtained from MakingCosmetics.com.

Mineral oil is added dropwise to a known amount of pure powder and stirred with a spatula until a solid dry paste forms. When a solid dry paste forms, mineral oil is no longer absorbed. Once the oil volume is measured, the following formula is used to calculate the oil consumption: OT = (100 x V _oil )/m _sample OT: oil consumption (mL/100 g); V _oil : volume of oil used (mL); m _sample : sample The mass (g)

The results are shown in Table 4. Table 9. Ex Type m _Sample (g) Mineral oil (g) d _{Mineral Oil} (g/mL) V _oil (mL) OT (mL/100g) 7 CAB (spherical) 1.5 0.69 0.838 0.823389 55

Prepare membrane The cellulose mixed esters disclosed herein are suitable for use in the preparation of films such as optical films. Table 10 provides several films formed from exemplary cellulose mixed esters.

Membranes were solvent cast from a 12 wt% solids dopant of cellulose mixed ester, plasticizer and solvent (methylene chloride/(methanol or ethanol)). After the dopant was cast onto the glass plate, the cast dopant was covered to allow controlled solvent evaporation over 45 minutes. Next, the cover was removed to allow 15 minutes for continued solvent evaporation. The film was peeled from the glass plate and dried with weight between papers for 2 hours to avoid curling of the film during the drying process. The films were then cut to size and dried between metal frames and placed at 100°C and 120°C for 10 minutes each. For stretched films, Brueckner Kario IV is used. The optical properties of the film were measured using a JA Woollam spectroscopic ellipsometer using CompleteEase analysis software. Table 10. Membranes 1.1 to 1.4 and 2.1 to 2.6 . membrane CE Pz(wt%) d(µm) Stretching temperature ( ℃) Stretch ratio Turbidity (%) 1.1 VM234 - 64 205 1x1.4f 0.19 1.2 VM234 TPP (10) 76 175 1x1.5f 1.3 VM234 CHDM (5) 70 180 1x1.4f 1.4 VM234 Admex 6995 (10) 60 - - 2.1 Ex 6 - 74 205 1x1.4f 0.33 2.2 Ex 6 TXIB (10) 58 180 1x1.5f 2.3 Ex 6 Admex 6995 (10) 40 180 1x1.35f 2.4 Ex 6 DEP (10) 68 184 0.73x1.60c 2.5 Ex 6 DEP (15) 60 175 1x1.85c 2.6 Ex 6 DEP (20) 68 165 1x1.65c The f sign in the stretch ratio means no MD stretch. The c symbol in the stretch ratio means limited MD stretch. Table 11. Optical properties of films 1.1 to 1.4 and 2.1 to 2.6 . membrane R _e [589 nm] (nm) R _th [589 nm] ₍ (nm) R _e [450nm]/R _e [550nm] Re[650nm]/ _Re [550nm] R _th [450nm]/R _th [550nm] R _th [650nm]/R _th [550nm] 1.1 203 -108 0.94 1.03 0.95 1.03 1.2 175 -89 0.97 1.02 0.96 1.02 1.3 146 -89 0.92 1.04 0.92 1.04 1.4 135 -128 0.93 1.04 0.95 1.03 2.1 196 -159 0.95 1.02 0.96 1.02 2.2 140 -99 0.94 1.03 0.96 1.02 2.3 79.49 -87.8 0.95 1.03 0.97 1.02 2.4 141 -89 0.97 1.02 0.97 1.02 2.5 56.2 -71.6 0.98 1.01 1.00 0.99 2.6 58.1 -70.2 0.98 1.01 0.99 1.00

Table 12 provides stability studies for films 2.7 to 2.10 . Membranes 2.7 and 2.9 are those membranes that were not treated at 60°C at 100% RH. Membranes 2.8 and 2.10 were treated at 60°C and 100% RH for 144 hours. Films plasticized with DEP, an aromatic plasticizer, and subjected to heat and humidity conditions for 144 hours (Membrane 2.10) were more stable than those plasticized with CHDM, a non-aromatic plasticizer, and subjected to heat and humidity conditions for 144 hours. . Specifically, CHDM plasticized films showed large changes in Re, Rth, and turbidity %, while films plasticized by DEP showed minimal changes. Table 12. membrane CE Piz (wt%) d(µm) R _e [589 nm] (nm) R _th [589nm] (nm) Turbidity(%) Heat/humidity conditions 60 ℃, 100% RH 2.7 Ex 6 CHDM (10) 58 103.58 -57.89 0.62 time=0 2.8 Ex 6 CHDM (10) 58 140.26 -79.12 4.62 Time=144 hours 2.9 Ex 6 DEP (10) 72 137.4 -85.55 0.91 time=0 2.10 Ex 6 DEP (10) 70 138.47 -87.22 1.22 Time=144h

The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Numerous modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments discussed were chosen and described in order to provide the best explanation of the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others of ordinary skill in the art to utilize it in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. invention. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the scope of the appended claims (when construed in accordance with their fair, legal and properly authorized breadth).

Claims (16)

A film comprising mixed cellulose esters ("MCE") comprising: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of butyl substituents; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein: the The average degree of substitution of the MCE for the acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac ") is 0.9 to 2.4, the average degree of substitution of the MCE for the butyl substituents ("DS _Bu ") is 0.1 to 1.1, and the MCE is for The average degree of substitution (“DS _OH ”) of these hydroxyl substituents is 0.55 to 1.5. Such as the film of claim 1, wherein the sum of DS _Bu and DS _Ac is 2.0 to 2.4. The film of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the DS _Bu is 0.1 to 0.3. The film of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the DS _Ac is 2.0 to 2.3. The film of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the DS _OH is 0.6 to 0.7. The film of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the film is a reverse dispersion quarter wave plate. The film of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the film exhibits: (i) R _e (550 nm) in the range of 125 nm to 145 nm, (ii) R _th in the range of -65 nm to -100 nm (550nm), (iii) Re (450nm)/R _e (550nm) in the range of 0.85 to 0.98, (iv) Re (650nm ₎ / _{R e (} 550nm) in the range of 1.07 to 0.96, (v) 35 Film thickness ("d") from microns to 80 microns, and (vi) turbidity % less than 1%, where _Re (450nm), _Re (550nm) and _Re (650nm) are at 450 nm, 550nm respectively nm and 650 nm light wavelengths, and R _th (550 nm) is the out-of-plane retardation measured at 550 nm light wavelengths. The film of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the film is uniaxially, biaxially or 45-degree stretched. The film of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the film is biaxially or 45 degree stretch. The film of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the film further comprises 5 to 25 wt% of a plasticizer comprising an aromatic moiety. The film of claim 10, wherein the plasticizer is di((C _1-10 )alkyl) phthalate or triphenyl phosphate. The film of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the film exhibits at least 40% biodegradability at 56 days according to OECD 301F test method. A reverse dispersion quarter-wave plate, which contains: (A) mixed cellulose ester ("MCE"), which contains: (1) a plurality of acetyl substituents; (2) a plurality of butyl substituents; and (3) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein: the MCE has an average degree of substitution for the acetyl substituents ("DS _Ac ") of 2.05 to 2.2, and the MCE has an average degree of substitution for the butyl substituents ( "DS _Bu ") is 0.18 to 0.25, the average degree of substitution of the MCE for the hydroxyl substituents ("DS _OH ") is 0.54 to 0.6; and (B) 5 to 25 wt% of the plasticizer, which is two ((C _1-10 )alkyl)phthalate or diphenyl phosphate, wherein the film exhibits: (i) R _e (550 nm) in the range of 125 nm to 145 nm, (ii) -65 nm to - R _th (550 nm) in the range of 100 nm, (iii) R _e (450 nm)/R _e (550 nm) in the range of 0.85 to 0.98, (iv) R _e (650 nm)/R _e in the range of 1.07 to 0.96 (550nm), (v) film thickness (“d”) of 35 microns to 80 microns, and (vi) turbidity % less than 1%, where R _e (450nm), R _e (550nm) and R _e (650nm) ) are the in-plane retardations measured at light wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm, respectively, and R _th (550 nm) is the out-of-plane retardation measured at the light wavelength of 550 nm. The film of claim 13, wherein the film is biaxially or 45-degree stretched at a ratio of 0.7 to 1 in the machine direction ("MD") and at a ratio of 1 to 2 in the transverse direction ("TD"). The film of any one of claims 13 to 14, wherein the film exhibits at least 40% biodegradability at 56 days according to OECD 301F test method. An organic light-emitting diode ("OLED") display comprising the film according to any one of claims 1 to 15.