TW202329928A - 用於治療膀胱癌的低氧誘導因子-2(α)抑制劑 - Google Patents
用於治療膀胱癌的低氧誘導因子-2(α)抑制劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202329928A TW202329928A TW111139306A TW111139306A TW202329928A TW 202329928 A TW202329928 A TW 202329928A TW 111139306 A TW111139306 A TW 111139306A TW 111139306 A TW111139306 A TW 111139306A TW 202329928 A TW202329928 A TW 202329928A
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- cyclopenta
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Abstract
本揭露關於用低氧誘導因子2α(HIF-2α)抑制劑治療膀胱癌之方法。還揭露了包含該抑制劑的藥物組成物。
* * * * *
Description
本揭露關於用低氧誘導因子2α(HIF-2α)抑制劑治療膀胱癌之方法。還揭露了包含該抑制劑的藥物組成物。
膀胱癌(BC)係發病率和死亡率的主要來源,估計全世界每年有50萬例新病例和20萬人死亡(Lenis等人
(2020) JAMA [美國醫學會雜誌] 324(19):1980-1991;下文簡稱「Lenis 等人」)。僅在美國,推斷2021年就有超過8萬例新病例和1.7萬人死亡。
膀胱癌可能發生於膀胱的乳頭狀/管腔狀和非乳頭狀/基底尿路上的不同細胞。根據世界衛生組織所描述的標準化組織病理學特徵,它被分為非肌層浸潤性膀胱癌(NMIBC,腫瘤局限於尿路上皮和固有層)和肌層浸潤性膀胱癌(MIBC,腫瘤侵犯肌肉及膀胱外)。
NMIBC大約占器官局限性膀胱癌的70%至80%。NMIBC通常藉由經尿道腫瘤切除(TUR)聯合或不聯合輔助膀胱內灌注來治療(Babjuk等人
(2019) Eur Urol [歐洲泌尿學] 76(5):639-57)。儘管很少危及生命,但NMIBC有復發和進展為肌層浸潤性疾病的傾向。因此,具有不同機制的更好的新穎型治療劑可能會改善NMIBC的治療結局。
相比之下,MIBC有很高的轉移擴散趨勢,最終導致最高的發病率和死亡率。雖然早期診斷和多模式治療可改善非轉移性MIBC患者的結局,但轉移性疾病一般來說仍然無法治癒,其中相對5年總體存活(OS)率為15%(Nawaz和Webster (2016) Nat Rev Drug Discov [自然評論:藥物發現] 15(9):599-600)。全身聯合化療係不能手術的局部晚期或轉移性MIBC患者進行初始治療的標準方法。雖然初始反應率很高,但反應的持久性係可變的,多藥化療後的中值存活期大約為15個月,並且晚期疾病患者的預後仍然很差。
膀胱癌的高突變負荷使其容易受到免疫療法(特別是使用靶向計畫性細胞死亡蛋白-1(PD-1)及其配體PD-L1的檢查點抑制劑)的影響。迄今已經批准了五種檢查點抑制劑用於治療不同階段的膀胱癌,包括派姆單抗、阿特珠單抗、納武單抗、德瓦魯單抗和阿維魯單抗。儘管免疫檢查點抑制劑(ICI)單一療法取得了成功,但長期持久反應率仍然很低,並且大多數患者會復發(Nadal和Bellmunt (2019) Cancer Treat Rev.[癌症治療綜述] 76:10-21,下文簡稱「Nadal和Bellmunt」;Lenis等人;Nadal等人
(2021) Hematol Oncol Clin North Am.[北美血液學/腫瘤學臨床] 35(3):469-93;下文簡稱「Nadal等人」)。
膀胱癌的病理生理學和分子生物學認識的最新進展也導致兩種新型靶向治療劑的批准,一種小分子FGFR抑制劑和一種抗體-藥物軛合物。儘管FGFR改變在非MIBC中更為常見,但在高達21%的局部晚期或轉移性膀胱癌中也發現了FGFR基因的擴增、突變和融合。厄達替尼(Erdafitinib)係一種泛FGFR抑制劑,被批准用於FGFR2和FGFR3改變的晚期膀胱癌患者,這係同時批准的檢測患者組織中的FGFR改變的首款基於PCR的診斷伴侶(Alifrangis等人 (2019) Nat Rev Urol [自然評論:泌尿學] 16:465-83;Nadal和Bellmunt;Nadal等人)。抗體-藥物軛合物利用高表現的黏連蛋白-4蛋白作為藥物遞送的靶標。恩弗妥單抗-維汀(Enfortumab vedotin)使用與微管破壞分子單甲基澳瑞他汀E連接的抗黏連蛋白-4抗體,在用化療和免疫療法治療後仍進展的患者中顯示出44%的客觀反應率。這導致FDA批准了恩弗妥單抗-維汀在這種雙重難治環境中的應用(Nadal和Bellmunt;Lenis等人)。
儘管最近批准了多種免疫療法和靶向療法,但在單一療法和組合療法環境下,對於膀胱癌的治療仍然需要新型的治療劑。
本文揭露了藉由抑制HIF-2α治療膀胱癌之方法。該等方法至少部分地基於用3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈(下文稱為化合物1)治療某些膀胱癌異種移植模型(包括MIBC T24模型)後獲得的結果。化合物1係一種有效的選擇性HIF-2α小分子抑制劑,作為化合物編號5在PCT申請案號公開案號WO 2020/214853的表1中揭露。
化合物1在膀胱癌異種移植模型,即NMIBC模型RT112和RT4以及MIBC T24模型中進行了測試。用20 mg/kg的化合物1進行的治療在RT4模型中產生了顯著的抗腫瘤效果(TGI = 44%)並在T24模型中導致腫瘤完全消退(圖1)。化合物1在MIBC T24腫瘤模型中導致的完全腫瘤消退係出乎意料的,因為HIF-1α和HIF-2α在T24細胞中在常氧(20% O
2)條件下均可檢測到並且在低氧(1% O
2)條件下均上調(圖2(a))。
HIF-1α和HIF-2α係介導細胞對低氧有反應並促進腫瘤生長的轉錄因子。由於已經發現HIF-1α和HIF-2α在許多細胞環境中具有功能冗餘,所以為了確定HIF-1α和HIF-2α中的一者或兩者是否是T24細胞中腫瘤發生的驅動因素,我們確定了以下:血管內皮生長因子A(VEGFA)和葡萄糖轉運蛋白1(GLUT1)基因的mRNA水平對低氧、HIF-1α和HIF-2α的siRNA敲低、以及化合物1的治療的響應。VEGFA和GLUT1係關鍵的低氧下游基因,調節腫瘤血管生成和代謝重程序設計,從而促進腫瘤生長。據發現,HIF-1α和HIF-2α在T24細胞中在低氧條件下均上調(圖2(a)),HIF-2α的siRNA敲低和用化合物1治療T24細胞分別顯著抑制了低氧誘導的VEGFA和GLUT1的上調(圖2(b)和2(c))。相比之下,HIF-1α的敲低上調了VEGFA和GLUT1 mRNA的水平(圖2(a))。該等結果證實,在T24癌中,HIF-2α,而不是HIF-1α,調節對T24膀胱癌生長至關重要的低氧反應。因此,HIF-2α抑制劑有可能單獨地或與其他抗癌劑和/或放射療法組合有效治療膀胱癌。
在第一方面,提供了一種治療患者的膀胱癌之方法,該方法包括向有需要的患者以藥物組成物投與治療有效量的HIF-2α抑制劑或其藥學上可接受的鹽,該藥物組成物包含HIF-2α抑制劑或其藥學上可接受的鹽以及藥學上可接受的賦形劑。
在第一方面的第一實施方式中,該HIF-2α抑制劑係:
(a) 具有式 (I) 之化合物:
(I)
其中:
X
1係CH或N;
R
1係羥基、鹵代、胺基、-OP(O)(OH)
2、-OCH
2OP(O)(OH)
2、-OCOR
10、-OCOOR
11、-OCONR
12R
13、-OCHR
14OCOR
15或-OCHR
14OCOOR
15a,其中R
10、R
11、R
15和R
15a獨立地是烷基或被胺基、羧基或羥基取代的烷基,R
12和R
13獨立地是氫、烷基、或被胺基、羧基或羥基取代的烷基,或R
12和R
13與它們所附接的氮原子一起形成視需要取代的雜環基,並且每個R
14係氫、烷基、或鹵代烷基;
R
2係氫、氘、烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、烯基、或炔基;
R
2a係氫、鹵代、或氘;
R
3和R
4獨立地是氫、氘、烷基、環烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、羥基烷基、或烷氧基烷基;或
R
3和R
4與它們所附接的碳一起形成側氧基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員視需要取代的雜伸環基;
R
5係氫、氘、烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、羥基、或烷氧基;
R
6係氫、氘、烷基、環烷基、或鹵代;或
R
5和R
6與它們所附接的碳一起形成側氧基、烷基二烯基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員視需要取代的雜伸環基;條件係R
5和R
6以及R
3和R
4與它們所附接的碳一起不同時形成側氧基、環伸烷基或視需要取代的4員至6員雜伸環基;
R
7係氫、氘、烷基、烷氧基、氰基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、或鹵代烷氧基;
L係鍵、S、SO、SO
2、O、CO、或NR
16,其中R
16係氫或烷基;
R
8係烷基、鹵代烷基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、環烷基、環烯基、二環環烷基、稠合苯基、側氧基環烯基、環烷基烷基、芳基、芳烷基、雜環基、螺環烷基、螺雜環基、雜環基烷基、雜芳基、或雜芳烷基,其中芳基或雜芳基,各自本身或作為芳烷基或雜芳烷基的一部分,雜環基本身或作為雜環基烷基和稠合苯基的一部分,被R
a、R
b、R
c、R
g和R
h取代,其中R
a、R
b、和R
c獨立地選自氫、氘、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、氰基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、烯基、炔基、烷叉基、視需要取代的芳基、視需要取代的雜芳基、和視需要取代的雜環基,並且R
g和R
h獨立地選自氫、氘、和鹵代;
R
9係氫、烷基、環烷基、羥基、烷氧基、氰基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷基亞碸、烷基磺醯基、或雜芳基,其中該雜芳基視需要被獨立地選自氫、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、和氰基的R
d、R
e、和R
f取代;或
當R
9和R
2附接至同一碳原子時,它們可以組合形成側氧基、烷基二烯基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員雜伸環基;並且
R
9a係氫、鹵代、或氘;
(b) 3-(((1S,2S,3R)-2,3-二氟-1-羥基-7-(甲基磺醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈;
(c) Novartis DFF332;或
(d) Arcus AB521;
或其藥學上可接受的鹽。
在第一方面的第二實施方式中,該HIF-2抑制劑係具有式 (II) 或 (III) 之化合物:
或
其中式 (II) 和 (III) 分別對應於PCT申請公開案號WO 2019/191227中編號為 (I’) 和 (II) 的式;並且其中式 (II) 中的X、Y、Z、R
1b、R
A1、R
A2和R
2b以及式 (III) 中的n’、Z、X’、R
1、R
15b、R
16b、R
17、R
18和R
19如PCT申請公開案號WO 2019/191227的段落[008]、[024]、以及[033]至[049]所定義,並且將該等段落藉由引用以其整體併入本文。具有式 (II) 之化合物和具有式 (III) 之化合物的實施方式揭露於PCT申請公開案號WO 2019/191227的段落[009]至[023]、[025]至[026]以及[0125]至[0187]中並且揭露為具體化合物1至833(表1)以及II-1至II-60(表2),並且將該等段落和具體化合物藉由引用以其整體併入本文。
在第一方面的第三實施方式中,該HIF-2抑制劑係具有式 (IV) 之化合物:
(IV)
其中式 (IV) 對應於PCT申請公開案號WO 2021/188769中的式 (I);並且其中段落[0055]、[0058]、[0059]至[0089]中的式 (IV) 及其實施方式(即,如WO 2021/188769中編號的具有式II、III、(IV-a) 至 (IV-f)、以及(V-a) 至 (V-g) 之化合物)中的Y
1、Y
2、Y
3、Y
4、W
1、W
2、W
3和R
1以及段落[0012]至[0051]中此類式中使用的術語的定義揭露於PCT申請公開案號WO 2021/188769中,並且將該等式和段落藉由引用以其整體併入本文。也將PCT申請公開案號WO 2021/188769的表1、2和3中揭露的具體化合物1至248藉由引用以其整體併入本文。
在第一方面的第四實施方式中,該HIF-2抑制劑係(S)-1'-氯-8-(二氟甲氧基)-8',8'-二氟-6-(三氟甲基)-7',8'-二氫-3H,6'H-螺[咪唑并[1,2-a]-吡啶-2,5'-異喹啉]或其藥學上可接受的鹽(DFF332)。
在第四方面,提供了具有式 (I)、(II)、(III)、(IV) 之化合物,包括Arcus AB521、或Novartis DFF332;(或本文所述之其任何實施方式),或其藥學上可接受的鹽,用於在治療膀胱癌中使用。
在第五方面,提供了具有式 (I)、(II)、(III)、(IV) 之化合物,包括Arcus AB521、或Novartis DFF332;(或本文所述之其任何實施方式),或其藥學上可接受的鹽,用於製備用於在治療膀胱癌中使用的藥物。
在第六方面,上述任何一個方面的方法係其中揭露的化合物可以與本申請中揭露的一或多種抗癌劑組合投與,視需要與放療和/或手術組合投與。在第五方面的一個實施方式中,該一或多種抗癌劑選自FGFR抑制劑(如沃凡妥單抗(vofatamab)、英菲格拉替尼(infigratinib)、LY2874455((R,E)-2-(4-(2-(5-(1-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)乙氧基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)乙烯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)乙-1-醇)、培米替尼(pemigatinib)、羅加替尼(rogaratinib)、PRN1371(8-(3-(4-丙烯醯基哌𠯤-1-基)丙基)-6-(2,6-二氯-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基胺基)吡啶并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7(8H)-酮)、唑來替尼(zoligratinib)、德贊替尼(derazantinib)、唑來替尼[Debio-1347,(5-胺基-1-(2-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)(1H-吲哚-2-基)甲酮]、以及厄達替尼(erdafitinib))、檢查點抑制劑(如PD1、PDL1、或CTLA-4抑制劑(如納武單抗、派姆單抗、匹地利珠單抗、MEDI-0680(人源化IgG4κ抗計畫性細胞死亡蛋白-1抗體)、德瓦魯單抗、BMS-936559(抗PD-L1單株抗體)、西利單抗(cetrelimab)、阿維魯單抗、伊匹單抗、曲美木單抗、和阿特珠單抗))、阿法替尼、拉帕替尼、埃羅替尼、帕妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-德魯替康、貝伐單抗、雷莫蘆單抗、索拉非尼、樂伐替尼、卡博替尼(carbonzanitib)、帕唑帕尼、奧拉帕尼、AZD1775(蘇胺醯基蘇胺醯基酪胺醯基丙胺醯基天冬醯胺醯基苯基丙胺醯基異白胺醯基丙胺醯基絲胺醯基甘胺醯基精胺醯基蘇胺醯基甘胺醯基精胺醯基精胺醯基天冬醯胺醯基丙胺醯基異白胺醯基組胺醯基天冬胺酸)、維妥舍替(vistusertib)、林羅司他(Linrodostat)、順鉑、卡鉑、多柔比星、維汀-恩弗妥單抗-ejfv(Enfortumab Vedotin-ejfv)、絲裂黴素、戈沙妥珠單抗-hziy(Sacituzumab Govitecan-hziy)、RC48-ADC(維迪西妥單抗(disitamab vedotin))、噻替派、戊柔比星(valrubicin)、吉西他濱、胺甲喋呤、長春花鹼、多西他賽、紫杉醇、培美曲塞、卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)、以及干擾素。
在第七方面,提供了具有式 (V) 之化合物:
(V)
其中:
X
1係CH或N;
R
1係羥基、鹵代、胺基、-OP(O)(OH)
2、-OCH
2OP(O)(OH)
2、-OCOR
10、-OCOOR
11、-OCONR
12R
13、-OCHR
14OCOR
15或-OCHR
14OCOOR
15a,其中R
10、R
11、R
15和R
15a獨立地是烷基或被胺基、羧基或羥基取代的烷基,R
12和R
13獨立地是氫、烷基、或被胺基、羧基或羥基取代的烷基,或R
12和R
13與它們所附接的氮原子一起形成視需要取代的雜環基,並且每個R
14係氫、烷基、或鹵代烷基;
R
2係氫、氘、烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、烯基、或炔基;
R
2a係氫、鹵代、或氘;
R
3和R
4獨立地是氫、氘、烷基、環烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、羥基烷基、或烷氧基烷基;或
R
3和R
4與它們所附接的碳一起形成側氧基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員視需要取代的雜伸環基;
R
5係氫、氘、烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、羥基、或烷氧基;
R
6係氫、氘、烷基、環烷基、或鹵代;或
R
5和R
6與它們所附接的碳一起形成側氧基、烷基二烯基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員視需要取代的雜伸環基;條件係R
5和R
6以及R
3和R
4與它們所附接的碳一起不同時形成側氧基、環伸烷基或視需要取代的4員至6員雜伸環基;
R
7係氫、氘、烷基、烷氧基、氰基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、或鹵代烷氧基;
L係鍵、S、SO、SO
2、O、CO、或NR
16,其中R
16係氫或烷基;
R
8係被R
a、R
b、R
c、R
g和R
h取代的稠合苯基,其中R
a、R
b、和R
c獨立地選自氫、氘、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、氰基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、烯基、炔基、烷叉基、視需要取代的芳基、視需要取代的雜芳基、和視需要取代的雜環基,並且R
g和R
h獨立地選自氫、氘、和鹵代;
R
9係氫、烷基、環烷基、羥基、烷氧基、氰基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷基亞碸、烷基磺醯基、或雜芳基,其中該雜芳基視需要被獨立地選自氫、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、和氰基的R
d、R
e、和R
f取代;或
當R
9和R
2附接至同一碳原子時,它們可以組合形成側氧基、烷基二烯基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員雜伸環基;並且
R
9a係氫、鹵代、或氘;
或其藥學上可接受的鹽。
在第七方面的某些實施方式中,L係鍵並且基團R
1、R
2、R
3、R
4、R
5、R
6、R
7、R
9、R
2a、R
9a如下文實施方式2a至25以及31至37中所定義。
相關申請的交叉引用
本申請要求2021年10月18日提交的美國臨時申請案號63/257,069的權益,將其內容藉由引用以其整體併入本文。
除非另有說明,否則本說明書和申請專利範圍中使用的以下術語,包括具有式 (I) 和 (V) 之化合物中的術語X
1、R
1、R
2、R
2a、R
3、R
4、R
5、R
6、R
7、R
8、R
9、R
9a,出於本申請之目的被定義並且具有以下含義,除非另有說明。
「烷基」係指具有一個至六個碳原子的直鏈飽和單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳原子的支鏈飽和單價烴基,例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、丁基、戊基等。熟悉該項技術者將認識到,術語「烷基」可包括「伸烷基」基團。
除非另有說明,否則「伸烷基」係指具有一個至六個碳原子的直鏈飽和二價烴基或具有三個至六個碳原子的支鏈飽和二價烴基,例如,亞甲基、伸乙基、伸丙基、1-甲基伸丙基、2-甲基伸丙基、伸丁基、伸戊基等。
「烯基」係指含有雙鍵的具有兩個至六個碳原子的直鏈單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳原子的支鏈單價烴基,例如,丙烯基、丁烯基等。
「烷基二烯基」係經由末端二價碳附接的如上所定義的烯基。例如,在以下的化合物中:
箭頭所指示的方框內包圍的係烷基二烯基基團。
「鹵代烷基二烯基」係被一個或兩個鹵代取代的烷基二烯基,每個基團如本文所定義。
「炔基」係指含有三鍵的具有兩個至六個碳原子的直鏈單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳原子的支鏈單價烴基,例如,丙炔基、丁炔基等。
「烷硫基」係指-SR基(其中R係如上所定義的烷基),例如甲硫基、乙硫基等。
「烷基磺醯基」係指-SO
2R基(其中R係如上所定義的烷基),例如甲基磺醯基、乙基磺醯基等。
「烷基亞碸」係指-SOR基(其中R係如上所定義的烷基),例如甲基亞碸、乙基亞碸等。
「胺基」係指-NH
2。
「烷基胺基」係指-NHR基(其中R係如上所定義的烷基),例如甲基胺基、乙基胺基、丙基胺基、或2-丙基胺基等。
「胺基烷基」係指被–NR’R”取代的具有一個至六個碳原子的直鏈單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳的支鏈單價烴基(其中R’和R”獨立地是各自如本文所定義的氫、烷基、鹵代烷基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、或烷基羰基),例如胺基甲基、胺基乙基、甲基胺基甲基等。
「烷氧基」係指-OR基(其中R係如上所定義的烷基),例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基或2-丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、或三級丁氧基等。
「烷氧基烷基」係指被至少一個如上所定義的烷氧基基團(例如一個或兩個烷氧基基團)取代的具有一個至六個碳原子的直鏈單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳的支鏈單價烴基,例如2-甲氧基乙基,1-、2-、或3-甲氧基丙基,2-乙氧基乙基等。
「烷氧基羰基」係指-C(O)OR基(其中R係如上所定義的烷基),例如甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基等。
「烷基羰基」係指-C(O)R基(其中R係如本文所定義的烷基),例如甲基羰基、乙基羰基等。
「芳基」係指具有6個至10個環原子的單價單環或二環芳香族烴基,例如苯基或萘基。
「芳烷基」係指-(伸烷基)-R基(其中R係如上所定義的芳基),例如苄基、苯乙基等。
「二環環烷基」係指視需要被獨立地選自烷基、鹵代、烷氧基、羥基、和氰基的一個或兩個取代基取代的具有六個至十個碳原子的稠合二環飽和單價烴基。實例包括但不限於十氫化萘、八氫-1H-茚等。
「環烷基」係指視需要被獨立地選自烷基、烷基二烯基、鹵代、烷氧基、羥基、氰基、鹵代烷基二烯基和氰基烷基的一個或兩個取代基取代的具有三個至十個碳原子的單環飽和單價烴基。實例包括但不限於環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、1-氰基環丙-1-基、1-氰基甲基環丙-1-基、3-氟環己基等。環烷基可以包括如本文所定義的環伸烷基。
「環烷基烷基」係指-(伸烷基)-R基(其中R係如上所定義的環烷基),例如環丙基甲基、環己基甲基等。
除非另有說明,否則「環伸烷基」係指如上所定義的二價環烷基。
「環烯基」係指視需要被獨立地選自烷基、鹵代、烷氧基、羥基、氰基、和氰基烷基的一個或兩個取代基取代的含有一個或兩個雙鍵的具有三個至十個碳原子的單環單價烴基。實例包括但不限於環丙烯基、環丁烯基、環戊烯基、或環己烯基等。
「側氧基環烯基」係指含有一個或兩個雙鍵和側氧基基團的具有三個至十個碳原子的單環單價烴基,並且視需要被獨立地選自烷基、鹵代、烷氧基、羥基、氰基、和氰基烷基的一個或兩個取代基取代。實例包括但不限於3-側氧基環己-1-烯基等。
「氰基烷基」係指被氰基取代的具有一個至六個碳原子的直鏈單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳的支鏈單價烴基,例如氰基甲基、氰基乙基等。
「羧基」係指-COOH。
「二烷基胺基」係指-NRR’基(其中R和R’係如上所定義的烷基),例如二甲基胺基、甲基乙基胺基等。
「二取代的胺基」係指-NRR’基(其中R和R’獨立地是各自如本文所定義的烷基、鹵代烷基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、或烷基羰基),例如二甲基胺基、乙基甲基胺基、雙羥基乙基胺基、雙甲氧基乙基胺基、二乙基胺基乙基胺基等。
「稠合苯基」係指與環烷基、環烯基或雜環基(各自如本文所定義)稠合的苯基。該稠合苯基可以在任一環原子處附接至式 (I) 的-L-。
「鹵代」係指氟、氯、溴或碘,較佳的是氟或氯。
「鹵代烷基」係指被一或多個鹵素原子(例如一個至五個鹵素原子(如氟或氯))取代的如上所定義的烷基,包括被不同鹵素取代的那些,例如-CH
2Cl、-CF
3、-CHF
2、-CH
2CF
3、-CF
2CF
3、-CF(CH
3)
2等。當烷基僅被氟取代時,在本申請中其可以被稱作氟烷基。
「鹵代烷氧基」係指-OR基(其中R係如上所定義的鹵代烷基),例如-OCF
3、-OCHF
2等。當R係鹵代烷基(其中該烷基僅被氟取代)時,在本申請中其可被稱作氟烷氧基。
「羥基烷基」係指被一個或兩個羥基基團取代的具有一個至六個碳原子的直鏈單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳的支鏈單價烴基,條件係如果存在兩個羥基基團,則它們兩個不在同一碳原子上。代表性實例包括但不限於羥基甲基、2-羥基-乙基、2-羥基丙基、3-羥基丙基、1-(羥基甲基)-2-甲基丙基、2-羥基丁基、3-羥基丁基、4-羥基丁基、2,3-二羥基丙基、1-(羥基甲基)-2-羥基乙基、2,3-二羥基丁基、3,4-二羥基丁基以及2-(羥基甲基)-3-羥基丙基,較佳的是2-羥基乙基、2,3-二羥基丙基和1-(羥基甲基)-2-羥基乙基。
除非另有說明,否則「雜環基」係指具有4個至8個環原子的飽和或不飽和單價單環基團,其中一個或兩個環原子係選自N、O或S(O)
n(其中n係從0至2的整數)的雜原子,剩餘的環原子係C。另外,在該雜環基環中的一個或兩個環碳原子可以視需要被-CO-基團替代。更特別地,術語雜環基包括但不限於吡咯啶代、哌啶代、高哌啶代、2-側氧基吡咯啶基、2-側氧基哌啶基、𠰌啉代、哌𠯤代、四氫-哌喃基、硫代𠰌啉代等。當該雜環基環不飽和時,其可以含有一個或兩個環雙鍵,條件係該環不是芳香族的。當該雜環基基團含有至少一個氮原子時,其在本文中也被稱為雜環胺基並且其係雜環基基團的子集。
「雜環基烷基」或「雜環烷基」係指-(伸烷基)-R基(其中R係如上所定義的雜環基環),例如四氫呋喃基甲基、哌𠯤基甲基、𠰌啉基乙基等。
除非另有說明,否則「雜伸環基」係指如上所定義的二價雜環基。當雜伸環基含有4個、5個或6個環原子時,其在本文中也被稱為4員至6員雜伸環基。
除非另有說明,否則「雜芳基」係指具有5個至10個環原子的單價單環或二環芳香族基,其中一或多個(在一個實施方式中,一個、兩個或三個)環原子係選自N、O或S的雜原子,剩餘的環原子係碳。代表性實例包括但不限於吡咯基、噻吩基、噻唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、吲哚基、異吲哚基、㗁唑基、異㗁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并㗁唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡𠯤基、嗒𠯤基、三唑基、四唑基等。如本文所定義,術語「雜芳基」和「芳基」係相互排斥的。當該雜芳基環含有5個或6個環原子時,其在本文中也被稱為5員或6員雜芳基。
「雜伸芳基」係指如上所定義的二價雜芳基。
「雜芳烷基」係指-(伸烷基)-R基(其中R係如上所定義的雜芳基),例如吡啶基甲基等。當雜芳烷基中的雜芳基環含有5個或6個環原子時,其在本文中也被稱為5員或6員雜芳烷基。
如本文單獨或組合使用的,術語「側氧基」係指=(O)。
「視需要取代的芳基」係指視需要被一個、兩個、或三個取代基取代的芳基,該等取代基獨立地選自烷基、羥基、環烷基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基磺醯基、胺基、烷基胺基、二烷基胺基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、和氰基。
「視需要取代的雜芳基」係指視需要被一個、兩個、或三個取代基取代的如上所定義的雜芳基,該等取代基獨立地選自烷基、烷硫基、烷基磺醯基、羥基、環烷基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、胺基、烷基胺基、二烷基胺基、和氰基。
除非另有說明,否則「視需要取代的雜環基」係指視需要被一個、兩個、或三個取代基取代的如上所定義的雜環基,該等取代基獨立地選自烷基、烷硫基、烷基磺醯基、羥基、環烷基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、羥基、羥基烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、和氰基。
「視需要取代的雜伸環基」係二價視需要取代的如上所定義的雜環基。
「視需要的」或「視需要」係指隨後所描述的事件或情況可能發生或可能不發生,且該描述包括該事件或情況發生的例子和沒有發生的例子。例如,「視需要取代的芳基」係指芳基基團可以被或可以不被取代,並且該描述包括經取代的芳基基團和沒有取代的芳基基團兩者。
「螺環烷基」係指具有6個至10個環碳原子的飽和二環,其中該等環僅通過一個原子連接,該連接原子也稱為螺原子,最通常為四級碳(「螺碳」)。螺環烷基環視需要被一個或兩個取代基取代,該等取代基獨立地選自烷基、鹵代、烷氧基、羥基、和氰基。代表性實例包括但不限於螺[3.3]庚烷、螺[3.4]辛烷、螺[3.5]壬烷、螺[4.4]壬烷(1 : 2 : 1 : 1)等。
「螺雜環基」係指具有6個至10個環原子的飽和二環,其中一個、兩個或三個環原子係選自N、O或S(O)
n(其中n係從0至2的整數)的雜原子,其餘的環原子係C,並且該等環僅通過一個原子連接,該連接原子也稱為螺原子,最通常為四級碳(「螺碳」)。螺雜環基環視需要被一個、兩個、或三個取代基取代,該等取代基獨立地選自烷基、烷硫基、烷基磺醯基、羥基、環烷基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、羥基、羥基烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、和氰基。代表性實例包括但不限於2,6-二氮雜螺[3.3]庚烷、2,6-二氮雜螺[3.4]辛烷、2-氮雜螺[3.4]辛烷、2-氮雜螺[3.5]壬烷、2,7-二氮雜螺[4.4]壬烷等。
如本文使用的「基本上相同」係指在變化範圍內,在值或數據追蹤中係相當的、在峰位置和振幅或強度方面係相當的測量的物理特徵,該等變化通常與樣本定位或處理、或用於獲取追蹤或物理特徵的儀器的身份相關,或由於通常在實驗室環境或分析儀器內部或之間遇到的其他變化或變動。
當需要時,本文中的任何定義可以與任何其他定義組合使用以描述複合結構基團。按照慣例,任何這樣的定義的後繼元素係附接至母體部分的元素。例如,複合基團烷氧基烷基係指烷氧基基團通過烷基基團附接至母體分子。
本揭露還包括具有式 (I) 之化合物的受保護的衍生物。例如,當具有式 (I) 之化合物含有基團(如羥基、羧基、硫醇或含有一或多個氮原子的任何基團)時,該等基團可以被適合的保護基團保護。合適的保護基團的綜合列表可以發現於T.W.Greene,
Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis[有機合成中的保護基團], 第5版, John Wiley & Sons,Inc. [約翰·威利父子出版公司] (2014)中,將該文獻的揭露內容藉由引用以其整體併入本文。本揭露的化合物之受保護的衍生物可以藉由本領域熟知的方法製備。
本揭露還包括具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽的多晶型形式。同質異晶物係化合物的不同結晶形式,該等結晶形式在該化合物的分子在晶格中的排列方面不同。因此,單一化合物可產生多種多晶型形式。化合物的同質異晶物通常具有不同的熔點、溶解度、密度和光學特性。化合物的多晶型形式可以藉由幾種技術來區分,例如X射線繞射法、IR或拉曼(Raman)光譜法。
術語「前驅藥」係指在體內變得更具活性的化合物。具有式 (I) 之某些化合物也可以作為前驅藥存在,如
Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Enzymology[藥物和前驅藥代謝中的水解作用:化學、生物化學和酶學](Testa, Bernard和Mayer, Joachim M. Wiley-VHCA, 蘇黎世, 瑞士 2003)中所述。具有式 (I) 之化合物的前驅藥係在生理條件下容易進行化學變化以提供活性化合物的化合物的結構修飾形式。因為在一些情況下前驅藥比化合物或母體藥物更容易投與,所以它們經常是有用的。例如,它們可以藉由口服投與而具有可生物利用性,然而母體藥物卻不行。本領域已知多種前驅藥衍生物,例如依賴前驅藥的水解切割或氧化激活的那些。前驅藥之實例(但不限於)係作為酯(該「前驅藥」)投與的化合物,但是然後代謝水解為羧酸,活性實體。另外的實例包括具有式 (I) 之化合物的肽基衍生物。
化合物的「藥學上可接受的鹽」意指藥學上可接受的並且具有母體化合物的所希望的藥理學活性的鹽。此類鹽包括:
與無機酸(如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等)形成的酸加成鹽;或與有機酸(如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、己酸、環戊烷丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、蘋果酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、3-(4-羥基苯甲醯基)苯甲酸、肉桂酸、苦杏仁酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、1,2-乙二磺酸、2-羥基乙磺酸、苯磺酸、4-氯苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-甲苯磺酸、樟腦磺酸、葡萄庚酸、4,4'-亞甲基雙-(3-羥基-2-烯-1-甲酸)、3-苯基丙酸、三甲基乙酸、三級丁基乙酸、月桂基硫酸、葡糖酸、麩胺酸、羥基萘甲酸、水楊酸、硬脂酸、黏康酸等)形成的酸加成鹽;或
當母體化合物中存在的酸性質子被金屬離子(例如鹼金屬離子、鹼土離子或鋁離子)替代而形成的鹽;或與有機鹼(如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、胺丁三醇、
N-甲基葡糖胺等)配位形成的鹽。應理解,藥學上可接受的鹽係無毒的。關於合適的藥學上可接受的鹽的另外的資訊可以發現於
Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences[雷明頓藥物科學], 第17版, Mack Publishing Company [馬克出版公司], 伊斯頓, 賓夕法尼亞州, 1985中,將其藉由引用以其整體併入本文。
具有式 (I) 之化合物可以具有不對稱中心。包含不對稱取代的原子的具有式 (I) 之化合物能以光學活性形式或外消旋形式被分離。化合物的單獨的立體異構物可以藉由從含有手性中心的可商購的起始材料合成製備,或藉由製備鏡像異構物產物的混合物隨後分離(例如轉化成非鏡像異構物的混合物隨後分離或重結晶、層析技術、在手性層析柱上直接分離鏡像異構物、或本領域已知的任何其他適當的方法)來製備。除非確切地指出特定的立體化學形式或異構物形式,所有的手性形式、非鏡像異構物形式、手性或非鏡像異構物形式的所有混合物、以及外消旋形式都在本揭露的範圍之內。
某些具有式 (I) 之化合物能以互變異構物和/或幾何異構物存在。所有可能的互變異構物以及順式和反式異構物(作為單獨的形式及其混合物)都在本揭露的範圍之內。另外,如本文使用的,雖然僅列出了幾個實例,但是術語烷基包括所述烷基基團的所有可能的異構物形式。此外,當該等環基團(例如芳基、雜芳基、雜環基)被取代時,雖然僅列出了幾個實例,但是它們包括所有可能的異構物。此外,具有式 (I) 之化合物的所有水合物都在本揭露的範圍之內。
具有式 (I) 之化合物還可以在構成此類化合物的一或多個原子上包含非天然量的同位素。非天然量的同位素可經定義為從自然中發現的量至所討論的原子的100%的量,僅在一或多種同位素富集原子的存在方面不同。可摻入具有式 (I) 之化合物(以及本文揭露的其任何實施方式,包括特定的化合物)中的示例性同位素包括氫、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟、氯和碘的同位素,分別為例如
2H、
3H、
11C、
13C、
14C、
13N、
15N、
15O、
17O、
18O、
32P、
33P、
35S、
18F、
36Cl、
123I和
125I。同位素標記的化合物(例如,用
3H和
14C標記的化合物)可用於化合物或基質組織分佈測定中。氚化的(即
3H)和碳-14(即
14C)同位素因其容易製備和可檢測性而是有用的。此外,較重的同位素如氘(即
2H)的取代可以賦予由更好的代謝穩定性引起的某些治療優勢(例如,增加的體內半衰期或降低的劑量需求)。在一些實施方式中,在本文揭露的化合物中,包括在下表1中,一或多個氫原子被
2H或
3H替代,或者一或多個碳原子被
13C-或
14C-富集的碳替代。正電子發射同位素(例如
15O、
13N、
11C和
15F)可用於正電子發射斷層掃描(PET)研究,以檢查基質受體的佔有率。藉由用同位素標記的試劑取代非同位素標記的試劑,通常可以藉由以下程序來製備同位素標記的化合物,該等程序類似於本文方案或實例中揭露的那些。
本文提供的某些結構被繪製為具有一或多個浮動的取代基。除非另外提供或另外從上下文清楚可見,否則在化學上可行且化合價規則允許的情況下,一或多個取代基可以存在於其所附接的環的任何原子上。例如,在結構:
中,R
7取代基可以替代三環的苯并部分上的任何氫,包括CH的氫(當X
1係CH時)。
「藥學上可接受的載劑或賦形劑」意指在製備藥物組成物中有用的載劑或賦形劑,其通常是安全、無毒的並且不是生物學上或其他方面不希望的,並且包括對於獸用連同人類藥用係可接受的載劑或賦形劑。如在本說明書和申請專利範圍中使用的「藥學上可接受的載劑/賦形劑」包括一種和超過一種此類賦形劑兩者。
如本文使用的術語「腫瘤」係指所有贅生性細胞(無論是惡性還是良性)的生長和增殖,以及所有癌前和癌的細胞和組織。
術語「癌症」、「癌的」和「腫瘤」在本文提及時並不相互排斥。
本揭露包括化合物1的多晶型形式。同質異晶物係化合物的不同結晶形式,該等結晶形式在該化合物的分子在晶格中的排列方面不同。因此,單一化合物可產生多種多晶型形式。化合物的同質異晶物通常具有不同的熔點、溶解度、密度和光學特性。化合物的多晶型形式可以藉由本領域熟知的許多技術(如X-射線繞射法、IR或拉曼光譜)來區分。
「XRPD」意指X-射線粉末繞射,一種在固體組分的存在下測量X-射線的繞射的分析技術。結晶且具有原子的規則重複陣列的材料產生獨特粉末圖案。
如本文使用的,術語「約」旨在限定它所修飾的數值,表示這個值為在誤差界限之內的變量。當沒有列舉出特定的誤差範圍(例如,數據圖或表中給出的平均值的標準差)時,術語「約」應理解為表示涵蓋±10%,較佳的是為±5%的範圍,包括所列舉的值和範圍。
在式 (I) 中R
9的定義中,短語「雜芳基,其中該雜芳基視需要被獨立地選自氫、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、和氰基的R
d、R
e、和R
f取代」(以及用於定義式 (I) 中其他基團的類似短語)旨在涵蓋未被取代的雜芳基和被R
d、R
e、和R
f中任一個取代的雜芳基。
如本文使用的,術語「疾病」旨在為一般同義的,並且可以與術語「障礙」、「綜合症」和「病症」(在醫學病症時)互換使用,其中所有該等都反映了人類或動物體的或者損害了其正常功能的部分之一的異常情況,典型表現為差異的體征和症狀,並且使人或動物有減少的壽命期限或生活品質。
術語「組合療法」或「與……組合投與」係指投與兩種或更多種治療劑來治療本揭露中描述的疾病或障礙。這種投與涵蓋以同時的方式共同投與該等治療劑,如以具有固定比率的活性成分的單個膠囊或片劑投與或以每種活性成分的多個分開的膠囊或片劑投與。此外,這種投與還涵蓋以依次的方式使用每種類型的治療劑。在任何一種情況下,治療方案將在治療本文所述之病症或障礙方面提供藥物組合的有益作用。
術語「化療」和「抗癌劑」在本文中可互換使用。
術語「患者」通常與術語「受試者」同義,並且包括所有哺乳動物,包括人。患者之實例包括人、牲畜(例如牛、山羊、綿羊、豬和兔)和寵物(例如狗、貓、兔和馬)。較佳的是,患者係人。
術語「協同」或「協同的」用於意指HIF-2α抑制劑或其藥學上可接受的鹽與一或多種抗癌劑的組合的結果大於單獨每種化合物的總和。這種對所治療的疾病、病症或障礙的改善係「協同」效應。
「協同量」係產生協同效應(如本文所定義的「協同的」)的HIF-2α抑制劑或其藥學上可接受的鹽與一或多種抗癌劑的組合的量。
「治療(treating或treatment)」疾病包括:
(1) 預防該疾病,即,使疾病的臨床症狀在可能暴露於或易患該疾病但尚未經歷或顯示該疾病的症狀的哺乳動物中不發展;
(2) 抑制該疾病,即,阻滯(穩定)或減少該疾病或其臨床症狀的發展;或
(3) 緩解該疾病,即,使該疾病或其臨床症狀消退。
「治療有效量」係指當向患者投與以用於治療疾病時,足以影響該疾病的此類治療的本揭露化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽的量。「治療有效量」將根據化合物、疾病和它的嚴重性以及所要治療的哺乳動物的年齡、體重等變化。
與HIF-2α相關的術語「抑制」和「降低」或該等術語的任何變體包括任何可測量的減少或完全抑制以達到所需的結果。例如,減少可為與正常活性相比,HIF-2α活性降低約、至多約或至少約5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、99%或更多,或其中可衍生的任何範圍。
以下化合物表I揭露了具有式 (I) 之代表性HIF-2α抑制劑:
[
表 I]
實施方式:
化合物 編號 | 結構 | 名稱 | |
1 | 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
2 | 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-側氧基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
3 | 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-1,2a-二羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
4 | 3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
5 | 3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
6 | 3-氟-5-(((1R,2aS)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
7 | 3-氟-5-(((1R,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
8 | 1,3,3,4,4-五氟-7-((5-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氫-2aH-環戊[cd]茚-2a-醇 | ||
9 | 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫螺[環戊[cd]茚-1,1'-環丙烷]-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
10 | 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
11 | 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-1,2a-二羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
12 | 3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
13 | 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
14 | 3-((2a-胺基-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈 | ||
15 | 3-((3,3-二氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈 | ||
16 | 3-((3,3-二氟-2a-羥基-1-側氧基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈 | ||
17 | 3-((3,3-二氟-1,2a-二羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈 | ||
18 | 3-氟-5-((1,3,3-三氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
19 | 3-氟-5-((1,2,2,3,3,4,4-七氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
20 | 3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基-1,2,2-d3)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
21 | 3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基-1-d)氧基)苯甲腈-2,4,6-d3 | ||
22 | (R)-3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
23 | (S)-3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
24 | 3-氟-5-(((1R,2S,2aS)-1,2,3,3,4,4-六氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
25 | 3-氟-5-(((1R,2R,2aS)-1,2,3,3,4,4-六氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈 | ||
在以下另外的實施方式1-55中,本揭露包括:
1. 在實施方式1中,提供了一種如第一方面所述之治療膀胱癌之方法。
2. 在實施方式2中,如實施方式1所述之方法係其中該HIF-2α抑制劑係具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽。
2a.在實施方式2a,如實施方式1或2所述之方法係其中該HIF-2α抑制劑係具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽,其中只有R
2、R
2a、R
9、和R
9a中的R
9可為鹵代。在實施方式2a的一個子實施方式中,R
9係鹵代。
2b.在實施方式2b,如實施方式1或2所述之方法係其中該HIF-2α抑制劑係具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽,其中只有R
2、R
2a、R
9、和R
9a中的R
9和R
2a可為鹵代。在實施方式2b的一個子實施方式中,R
9係鹵代。
3. 在實施方式3中,如實施方式2、2a、或2b所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
3和R
4獨立地是鹵代。
4. 在實施方式4中,如實施方式2、2a、或2b所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
3係鹵代並且R
4係氫。
5. 在實施方式5中,如實施方式2、2a、2b、3、或4所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
1係羥基。
6. 在實施方式6中,如實施方式2至4中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
1係胺基。
7. 在實施方式7中,如實施方式2至6中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
6係鹵代。
8. 在實施方式8中,如實施方式2至6中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
6係烷基,較佳的是R
6係甲基。
9. 在實施方式9中,如實施方式2至6中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
6係氫。
10. 在實施方式10中,如實施方式3至6中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
6係環烷基,較佳的是環丙基、環丁基、環戊基或環己基。
11. 在實施方式11中,如實施方式2至10中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
5係鹵代,較佳的是氟。
12. 在實施方式12中,如實施方式2至10中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
5係鹵代烷基,較佳的是R
5係二氟甲基或三氟甲基。
13. 在實施方式13中,如實施方式2至10中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
5係烷基,較佳的是R
5係甲基或乙基。
14. 在實施方式14中,如實施方式2至10中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
5係氫或烷氧基。
15. 在實施方式15中,如實施方式2至6中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
5和R
6與它們所附接的碳一起形成3員至6員環伸烷基,較佳的是環伸丙基、環伸丁基或環伸戊基,其各自視需要被一個或兩個氟取代。
16. 在實施方式16中,如實施方式2至15中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中X
1係CR
7。
17. 在實施方式17中,如實施方式2、2a、或2b所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IIa1) 或 (IIb1) 的結構:
或
(IIa1) (IIb1)。
18. 在實施方式18中,如實施方式2、2a、或2b所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IIa1’) 或 (IIb1’) 的結構:
或
(IIa1’) (IIb1’)。
19. 在實施方式19中,如實施方式2、2a、或2b所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IIa) 或 (IIb) 的結構:
或
(IIa) (IIb)。
20. 在實施方式20中,如實施方式2、2a、2b、或19所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IIa’) 或 (IIb’) 的結構:
或
(IIa’) (IIb’)。
21. 在實施方式21中,如實施方式2、2a、或2b所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IVa) 的結構:
(IVa)
其中R
5和R
6與它們所附接的碳一起形成3員至6員環伸烷基,較佳的是環伸丙基、環伸丁基或環伸戊基,其各自視需要被一或兩個氟取代。
22. 在實施方式22中,如實施方式17至21中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
3係氟。
23. 在實施方式23中,如實施方式17至21中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
3和R
4係氟。
24. 在實施方式24中,如實施方式2至23中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中L係O、S、SO、SO
2、或NH。
25. 在實施方式25中,如實施方式24所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中L係O。
25a. 在實施方式25a,如實施方式24所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中L係鍵並且R
8係如本發明內容的第一方面所定義的經取代的稠合苯基。
26. 在實施方式26中,如實施方式2至25以及其中含有的子實施方式中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
8係被R
a、R
b、R
c、R
g和R
h取代的苯基,其中R
a、R
b、和R
c獨立地選自氫、氘、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、氰基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、視需要取代的芳基、視需要取代的雜芳基、和視需要取代的雜環基,並且R
g和R
h獨立地選自氫、氘、和鹵代。
27. 在實施方式28中,如實施方式26以及其中含有的子實施方式所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
8係3-氯-5-氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、3-氟-5-甲氧基苯基、3-氰基-5-氟苯基、3-氯-5-氰基苯基、3-氰基-5-甲基苯基、3-氯-4-氟苯基、3-氯-5-氟苯基、3-氟-5-甲基苯基、3-氰基苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、3-氯-2-甲基苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、2-氯-6-甲基苯基、2,6-二氟苯基、3,4,5-三氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、4-氟-3-甲基苯基、3-氰基-4-氟苯基、3-氰基-5-二氟甲基苯基或3-氰基-5-氟-2,4,6-三氘苯基。在實施方式27的第一子實施方式中,R
10係3-氰基-5-氟苯基或3-氰基-5-氟-2,4,6-三氘苯基。
28. 在實施方式28中,如實施方式2至25中任一項以及其中含有的任何子實施方式所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
8係各自視需要被獨立地選自烷基、鹵代、烷氧基、氰基、和羥基的一個或兩個取代基取代的環烷基或環烷基烷基。
29. 在實施方式29中,如實施方式2至25中任一項以及其中含有的任何子實施方式所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’)、和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
8係被獨立地選自氫、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、氰基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、視需要取代的芳基、視需要取代的雜芳基、和視需要取代的雜環基的R
a、R
b、和R
c取代的雜芳基。
30. 在實施方式30中,如實施方式2至25中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’) 和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
8係吡啶-3-基、吡啶-2-基、嗒𠯤-3-基、嗒𠯤-4-基、嘧啶-5-基、嘧啶-2-基、噻吩-2-基、呋喃-2-基、噻唑-5-基、㗁唑-5-基、咪唑-5-基、呋喃-3-基、噻吩-3-基、噻唑-4-基、吡啶-4-基、㗁唑-2-基、咪唑-2-基、吡啶-2-基、吡𠯤-2-基、或噻唑-2-基,並且R
8被R
a、R
b、和R
c取代,其中R
a和R
b獨立地選自氫、甲基、甲氧基、羥基、氯、氟、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、和三氟甲氧基,並且R
c選自氫、甲基、氰基、氯、氟、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、和三氟甲氧基。
31. 在實施方式32中,如實施方式2至30中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’) 和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
7係氫、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、氟、三氟甲基、或三氟甲氧基,較佳的是R
7係氫。
32. 在實施方式32中,如實施方式2至31中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’) 和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
2係氫、氟、甲基、或乙基。
33. 在實施方式33中,如實施方式2至32中任一項所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIB’) 和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
9係氫、烷基、鹵代、羥基、或烷氧基。
34. 在實施方式34中,如實施方式33所述之方法係其中具有式 (I)、(IIa1)、(IIb1)、(IIa1’)、(IIb1’)、(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIa’)、(IIb’) 和 (IVa) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽係其中R
9係氫、甲基、羥基、或氟。
35. 在實施方式35中,如實施方式2所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (VIIIa) 或 (VIIIb) 的結構:
或
(VIIIa) (VIIIb);
較佳的是具有式 (VIIIb) 的結構。
36. 在實施方式36中,如實施方式1所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IXa) 或 (IXb) 的結構:
或
(IXa) (VIIIb)
其中R
2a不是氫。
37. 在實施方式37中,如實施方式35或36所述之方法係其中R
7係氫,R
8係3-氰基-5-氟苯基,R
9和R
2a係鹵代。
38. 在實施方式38中,如實施方式2所述之方法係其中具有式 (I) 之化合物選自:
3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-側氧基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-1,2a-二羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-(((1R,2aS)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-(((1R,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
1,3,3,4,4-五氟-7-((5-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氫-2aH-環戊[cd]茚-2a-醇;
3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫螺[環戊[cd]-茚-1,1'-環丙烷]-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-1,2a-二羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-((2a-胺基-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((1,1,2a,3,3,4,4-七氟-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-((3,3-二氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈;
3-((3,3-二氟-2a-羥基-1-側氧基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈;
3-((3,3-二氟-1,2a-二羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((1,3,3-三氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-5-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-((1,2,2,3,3,4,4-七氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]-茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基-1,2,2-d3)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基-1-d)氧基)苯甲腈-2,4,6-d3;
(R)-3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
(S)-3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-氟-5-(((1R,2S,2aS)-1,2,3,3,4,4-六氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;和
3-氟-5-(((1R,2R,2aS)-1,2,3,3,4,4-六氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;或
其藥學上可接受的鹽。
39. 在實施方式39中,如實施方式1所述之方法係其中該HIF-2α抑制劑係:
3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊-[cd]-茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;
3-(((1S,2S,3R)-2,3-二氟-1-羥基-7-(甲基磺醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-茚- 4-基)-氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈;
Novartis DFF332;或
Arcus AB521;或
其藥學上可接受的鹽。
39a. 在實施方式39a,如實施方式1所述之方法係其中該HIF-2α抑制劑係:
3-(((1S,2S,3R)-2,3-二氟-1-羥基-7-(甲基磺醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-4-基)-氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈;
(S)-1'-氯-8-(二氟甲氧基)-8',8'-二氟-6-(三氟甲基)-7',8'-二氫-3H,6'H-螺[咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2,5'-異喹啉](Novartis DFF332);或
Arcus AB521;或
其藥學上可接受的鹽;
其中該膀胱癌係肌層浸潤性膀胱癌。
40. 在實施方式40中,如實施方式1、2、或38所述之方法係其中該HIF-2α抑制劑係3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈。
41. 在實施方式41中,如實施方式1、2、或40所述之方法係其中該HIF-2α抑制劑係3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈。
42. 在實施方式42中,如實施方式41所述之方法係其中該3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈係結晶固體,指定為A型同質異晶物,具有包含在角位置15.8和18.6處的峰的X-射線粉末繞射圖,其中該等角位置可變化 ± 0.2° 2θ,如藉由X-射線粉末繞射使用(Cu Kα)1.5418 Å的X-射線波長所測量的。
43. 在實施方式43中,如實施方式42所述之方法係其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置20.1處的峰,其中該角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
44. 在實施方式44中,如實施方式42所述之方法係其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置12.9和20.1處的峰,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
45. 在實施方式45中,如實施方式42所述之方法係其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置11.4、12.9、和20.1處的峰,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
46. 在實施方式46中,如實施方式42所述之方法係其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置10.1、11.4、12.9、和20.1處的峰,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
47. 在實施方式47中,如實施方式42所述之方法係其中該3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈係結晶固體,指定為A型同質異晶物,具有包含在選自下表1的角位置處的至少兩個、至少三個、至少四個、至少五個、至少六個峰、至少七個峰、或至少八個峰的X-射線粉末繞射圖,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
[
表 1]
48. 在實施方式48中,如實施方式47所述之方法係其中該至少兩個、至少三個、至少四個、至少五個、或至少六個峰選自10.1、11.4、12.9、13.7、15.9、18.0、19.6、20.1、21.4、21.7、25.0、和26.0,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
49. 在實施方式49中,如實施方式41所述之方法係其中該3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈係結晶固體,指定為A型同質異晶物,具有X-射線粉末繞射圖,具有基本與圖1所示相同的X-射線粉末繞射圖。
50. 在實施方式50中,如實施方式42至48中任一項所述之方法係其中本文所示的X-射線粉末繞射圖峰的角位置可以變化 ± 0.1° 2θ。
51. 在實施方式51中,提供了第一方面的第三實施方式的一個子實施方式,其中該HIF-2抑制劑選自由以下組成之群組:
52. 在實施方式52中,如實施方式1至51中任一項所述之方法係其中該膀胱癌選自由以下組成之群組:轉移性膀胱癌、非轉移性膀胱癌、早期膀胱癌、非浸潤性膀胱癌、肌層浸潤性膀胱癌(MIBC)、非肌層浸潤性膀胱癌(NMIBC)、原發性膀胱癌、晚期膀胱癌、局部晚期膀胱癌、緩解期膀胱癌、進行性膀胱癌、復發性膀胱癌和尿路上皮癌。
53. 在實施方式53中,如實施方式52所述之方法係其中該膀胱癌係肌層浸潤性膀胱癌。
54. 在實施方式54中,如實施方式1至53中任一項所述之方法係其中該方法進一步包括投與該HIF-2α抑制劑與一或多種另外的抗癌劑、放射療法和/或手術的組合。
55. 在實施方式55中,如實施方式1至54中任一項所述之方法係其中順序地或同時投與該HIF-2α抑制劑和該一或多種另外的抗癌劑。
56. 在實施方式56中,如實施方式1至55中任一項所述之方法係其中該一或多種抗癌劑選自由以下組成之群組:沃凡妥單抗、英菲格拉替尼、LY2874455、培米替尼、羅加替尼、PRN1371、唑來替尼、德贊替尼、厄達替尼、納武單抗、派姆單抗、匹地利珠單抗、MEDI-0680、德瓦魯單抗、BMS-936559、西利單抗、阿維魯單抗、阿特珠單抗、拉帕替尼、埃羅替尼、貝伐單抗、索拉非尼、卡博替尼、帕唑帕尼、奧拉帕尼、AZD1775、維妥舍替、林羅司他、順鉑、卡鉑、多柔比星、維汀-恩弗妥單抗-ejfv、絲裂黴素、噻替派、戈沙妥珠單抗-hziy、戊柔比星、吉西他濱、胺甲喋呤、長春花鹼、多西他賽、紫杉醇、培美曲塞、卡介苗、以及干擾素。
藥物組成物
角度(2-θ °) | d值(Å) | 強度% |
9.2 | 9.59 | 6.9 |
10.1 | 8.79 | 19.5 |
11.4 | 7.75 | 21.6 |
12.9 | 6.87 | 21.6 |
13.7 | 6.48 | 15.2 |
14.0 | 6.33 | 3.5 |
15.4 | 5.75 | 3.8 |
15.8 | 5.59 | 100 |
16.6 | 5.35 | 9.8 |
17.4 | 5.09 | 6.7 |
18.0 | 4.93 | 10.2 |
18.6 | 4.77 | 25.3 |
19.6 | 4.53 | 15.3 |
20.1 | 4.41 | 24.3 |
20.7 | 4.29 | 4 |
21.0 | 4.23 | 3.9 |
21.4 | 4.15 | 13.2 |
21.7 | 4.09 | 18.5 |
22.1 | 4.03 | 10.6 |
22.6 | 3.94 | 5.3 |
23.8 | 3.74 | 3 |
24.1 | 3.69 | 4.5 |
25.0 | 3.55 | 14.7 |
26.0 | 3.43 | 13.9 |
26.7 | 3.33 | 3.4 |
27.2 | 3.28 | 6.4 |
27.6 | 3.23 | 4.4 |
27.8 | 3.20 | 3.8 |
28.2 | 3.16 | 7.3 |
29.0 | 3.07 | 6.2 |
29.6 | 3.02 | 9.3 |
30.1 | 2.97 | 4.4 |
30.6 | 2.92 | 3 |
31.0 | 2.88 | 2.9 |
31.7 | 2.82 | 3.5 |
31.9 | 2.80 | 4 |
32.4 | 2.76 | 5.1 |
33.6 | 2.66 | 5.4 |
34.2 | 2.62 | 3.3 |
34.6 | 2.59 | 4.3 |
35.4 | 2.53 | 3.2 |
35.8 | 2.50 | 3.3 |
通常,本揭露的HIF-2α將以治療有效量、藉由用於類似效用的藥劑的任何接受的投與方式進行投與。本文揭露的HIF-2α抑制劑的治療有效量的範圍可以為約100 mg至約500 mg/天,較佳的是200 mg至500 mg/天,其能以單劑量或多劑量投與。
HIF-2α抑制劑(即活性成分)的實際量將取決於多種因素,如待治療的疾病的嚴重程度、患者的年齡和相對健康狀況、所利用的化合物的效力、投與的途徑和形式、以及其他因素。
通常,本揭露的HIF-2α將藉由以下途徑中的任一種作為藥物組成物投與:口服、全身(例如,經皮、鼻內或藉由栓劑)、或腸胃外(例如,肌內、靜脈內或皮下)投與。較佳的投與方式係使用方便的日劑量方案口服,其可以根據患病程度進行調整。組成物可以採取片劑、丸劑、膠囊、半固體、粉末、緩釋配製物、溶液、混懸液、酏劑、氣溶膠或任何其他適當的組成物的形式。
配製物的選擇取決於多種因素,如藥物投與方式(例如,對於口服投與,較佳的是呈片劑、丸劑或膠囊形式的配製物,包括腸溶包衣的或緩釋的片劑、丸劑或膠囊)和原料藥的生體可用率。
通常,組成物由本揭露的HIF-2α抑制劑與至少一種藥學上可接受的賦形劑組合構成。可接受的賦形劑係無毒的,有助於投與,並且不會不利地影響HIF-2α抑制劑的治療益處。此類賦形劑可為任何固體、液體、半固體或在氣溶膠組成物的情況下係本領域的普通技術者通常可用的氣體賦形劑。
固體藥物賦形劑包括澱粉、纖維素、滑石、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、明膠、麥芽、稻、麵粉、白堊、矽膠、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈉、單硬脂酸甘油酯、氯化鈉、脫脂乳粉等。液體和半固體賦形劑可以選自甘油、丙二醇、水、乙醇以及各種油,包括石油、動物、植物或合成來源的那些,例如,花生油、大豆油、礦物油、芝麻油等。較佳的液體載劑,特別是用於可注射溶液的液體載劑,包括水、鹽水、葡萄糖水溶液和二醇。
化合物可配製為用於藉由注射(例如,藉由推注或連續輸注)進行腸胃外投與。注射用配製物可以以單位劑型提供,例如,在添加有防腐劑的安瓿中或在多劑量容器中。組成物可以採取例如處於油性或水性媒介物中的混懸液、溶液或乳液的形式,並且可以含有配製劑(如混懸劑、穩定劑和/或分散劑)。配製物可存在於單位劑量或多劑量容器(例如,密封的安瓿和小瓶)中,並且可以以粉末形式儲存或在冷凍乾燥(凍乾)條件下儲存,只需要在使用前即時添加無菌液體載劑(例如,鹽水或無菌的無熱原水)。臨時的注射溶液和混懸液可由前述種類的無菌粉末、顆粒和片劑製備。
用於腸胃外投與的配製物包括活性化合物的水性和非水性(油性)無菌注射溶液,其可包含抗氧化劑、緩衝液、抑菌劑和使配製物與預期接受體的血液等滲的溶質;以及水性和非水性無菌混懸液,其可包括混懸劑和增稠劑。合適的親脂性溶劑或媒介物包括脂肪油(如芝麻油)、或合成的脂肪酸酯(如油酸乙酯或甘油三酯)、或脂質體。水性注射混懸液可包含增加混懸液的黏度的物質,如羧甲基纖維素鈉、山梨醇、或葡聚糖。視需要,混懸液還可含有合適的穩定劑或增加化合物的溶解度的藥劑,以允許製備高度濃縮的溶液。
除了前述配製物之外,化合物還可配製成貯庫(depot)製劑。此類長效型配製物可藉由植入(例如,皮下或肌內)或藉由肌內注射進行投與。因此,例如,化合物可以用合適的聚合或疏水性材料配製(例如配製成可接受的油中的乳液)或用離子交換樹脂配製,或配製成難溶性衍生物,例如配製成難溶性鹽。
對於口腔含化或舌下投與,組成物可以採取以常規方式配製的片劑、錠劑、糖果錠劑、或凝膠的形式。此類組成物可以包含調味基質(如蔗糖和阿拉伯膠或黃蓍膠)中的活性成分。
化合物還可被配製成直腸組成物(如栓劑或保留灌腸劑),例如包含常規的栓劑基質(如可哥脂、聚乙二醇、或其他甘油酯)。
配製物中化合物的水平可以在熟悉該項技術者所使用的全範圍內變化。典型地,基於總配製物,該配製物將含有以重量百分比(wt.%)計的約0.01-99.99 wt.%的HIF-2α抑制劑,其餘的係一或多種合適的藥物賦形劑。例如,HIF-2α抑制劑以約1-80 wt.%的水平存在。
本文揭露的HIF-2α抑制劑可以單獨或與一或多種其他抗癌藥組合投與,該等抗癌藥可用於治療本揭露的化合物對其具有效用的癌症。此類一或多種其他藥物可以藉由一種途徑以及其常用的量與HIF-2α抑制劑同時或順序地投與。還預期,當與此類一或多種其他活性成分組合使用時,HIF-2α抑制劑以及其他活性成分能以比各自單獨使用時更低的劑量使用。
因此,除了一或多種HIF-2α抑制劑之外,本揭露的藥物組成物還包括含有一或多種其他藥物的那些。本揭露的化合物與此類其他活性成分的重量比可以變化,並將取決於每種成分的有效劑量。通常,將使用各自的有效劑量。
此類其他抗癌劑之實例包括但不限於棉子酚、根納三思、多酚E、氯融蛋白、全反式維甲酸(all trans-retinoic acid,ATRA)、苔蘚蟲素 、腫瘤壞死因子相關的凋亡誘導配體(TRAIL)、5-氮雜-2’-去氧胞苷、全反式維甲酸、多柔比星、長春新鹼、依託泊苷、吉西他濱、伊馬替尼(Gleevec
TM)、格爾德黴素、17-N-烯丙基胺基-17-去甲氧基格爾德黴素(17-AAG)、夫拉平度、LY294002、硼替佐米、曲妥珠單抗、BAY 11-7082、PKC412、或PD184352、Taxol
TM(也稱為「紫杉醇」,其係熟知的藉由增強和穩定微管形成而起作用的抗癌藥)、以及Taxol
TM的類似物(如Taxotere
TM)。
其他抗癌劑包括與細胞增殖性障礙相關的激酶的抑制劑。該等激酶包括但不限於Aurora-A、BTK、CDK1、CDK2、CDK3、CDK4、CDK6、CDK5、CDK7、CDK8、CDK9、肝配蛋白受體激酶、CHK1、CHK2、SRC、Yes、Fyn、Lck、Fer、Fes、Syk、Itk、Bmx、GSK3、JNK、MEK、PAK1、PAK2、PAK3、PAK4、PDK1、PKA、PKC、RAF、Rsk和SGK。特別地,CDK4/6的抑制劑(包括阿貝西尼(Verzenio)、帕博西尼(Ibrance)和瑞博西尼(Kisqali))具有與如下協同作用的潛力:HIF-2α抑制劑並逆轉對HIF-2α抑制的抗性;促分裂原激活的蛋白激酶傳訊,例如,U0126、PD98059、PD184352、PD0325901、ARRY-142886、SB239063、SP600125、BAY 43-9006、渥曼青黴素(wortmannin)、或LY294002;Syk抑制劑;抗體(例如,利妥昔單抗);MET抑制劑(如福瑞替尼(foretinib)、卡博替尼(carbozantinib)、或克唑替尼(crizotinib));VEGFR抑制劑(如舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、索拉非尼、瑞戈非尼(regorafinib)、樂伐替尼、凡德他尼(vandetanib)、卡博替尼、阿西替尼(axitinib));EGFR抑制劑(如阿法替尼、布立尼布(brivanib)、卡紮替尼(carbozatinib)、埃羅替尼、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、來那替尼(neratinib)、拉帕替尼);PI3K抑制劑(如XL147、XL765、BKM120(布帕昔布(buparlisib))、GDC-0941、BYL719、IPI145、BAY80-6946、BEX235(達托昔布(dactolisib))、CAL101(艾代拉裡斯(idelalisib))、GSK2636771、TG100-115);MTOR抑制劑(如雷帕黴素(rapamycin)(西羅莫司(sirolimus))、坦羅莫司(temsirolimus)、依維莫司(everolimus)、XL388、XL765、AZD2013、PF04691502、PKI-587、BEZ235、GDC0349);MEK抑制劑(如AZD6244、曲美替尼(trametinib)、PD184352、皮馬替尼(pimasertinib)、GDC-0973、AZD8330);CSF1R抑制劑(PLX3397、LY3022855等)和CSF1R抗體(IMC-054、RG7155等);TGFβ受體激酶抑制劑(如LY2157299);BTK抑制劑(如依魯替尼)。
其他抗癌劑包括蛋白酶體抑制劑(如卡非佐米(carfilzomib)、MLN9708、德蘭佐米(delanzomib)、或硼替佐米);BET抑制劑(如INCB054329、OTX015、CPI-0610);LSD1抑制劑(如GSK2979552、INCB059872);HDAC抑制劑(如帕比司他(panobinostat)、伏立諾他(vorinostat));DNA甲基轉移酶抑制劑(如氮雜胞苷、地西他濱)和其他表觀遺傳調節劑;SHP-2抑制劑(如TNO155);Bcl2抑制劑ABT-199和其他Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制劑;HIF-2α抑制劑(如PT2977和PT2385);β鏈蛋白途徑抑制劑、notch途徑抑制劑和刺蝟蛋白(hedgehog)途徑抑制劑;針對VEGF的抗體或其他治療性蛋白包括貝伐單抗和阿柏西普(aflibercept)。
可以與本發明之化合物組合使用的其他抗癌劑/藥物包括但不限於肝X受體(LXR)調節劑(包括LXR促效劑和LXR β-選擇性促效劑);芳烴受體(AhR)抑制劑。
可以與本揭露的化合物組合使用的其他抗癌劑包括阿德力黴素、放線菌素、博萊黴素、長春花鹼、順鉑、阿西維辛;阿柔比星;鹽酸阿考達唑;阿克羅寧;阿多來新;阿地介白素;六甲蜜胺;安波黴素;醋酸阿美蒽醌;胺麩精;安吖啶;阿那曲唑;安麯黴素;天冬醯胺酶;曲林菌素;阿紮胞苷;阿紮替派;阿佐黴素;巴馬司他;苯佐替派;比卡魯胺;鹽酸比生群;二甲磺酸雙奈法德;比折來新;硫酸博萊黴素;布喹那鈉;溴匹立明;白消安;放線菌素;卡普睪酮;卡醋胺;卡貝替姆;卡鉑;卡莫司汀;鹽酸卡柔比星;卡折來新;西地芬戈;氮芥苯丁酸;西羅黴素;克拉屈濱;甲磺酸克立那托(crisnatol mesylate);環磷醯胺;阿糖胞苷;達卡巴𠯤;鹽酸道諾黴素;地西他濱;右奧馬鉑;地紮胍寧;甲磺酸地紮胍寧;地吖醌;多柔比星;鹽酸多柔比星;屈洛昔芬;檸檬酸屈洛昔芬;丙酸屈他雄酮;達佐黴素;依達曲沙;鹽酸依氟鳥胺酸;依沙蘆星;恩洛鉑;恩普胺酯;依匹哌啶;鹽酸表柔比星;厄布洛唑;鹽酸伊索比星;雌莫司汀;雌莫司汀磷酸鈉;依他硝唑;依託泊苷;磷酸依託泊苷;氯苯乙嘧胺;鹽酸法屈唑;法紮拉濱;芬維A胺;氟尿苷;磷酸氟達拉濱;氟尿嘧啶;氟西他濱;磷喹酮;福司曲星鈉;吉西他濱;鹽酸吉西他濱;羥基脲;鹽酸伊達比星;異環磷醯胺;伊莫福新;介白素II(包括重組介白素II、或Ril2)、干擾素α-2a;干擾素α-2b;干擾素α-n1;干擾素α-n3;干擾素β-1a;干擾素γ-1b;異丙鉑;鹽酸伊立替康;醋酸蘭瑞肽;利妥唑;醋酸亮丙瑞林;鹽酸利阿唑;洛美曲索鈉;洛莫司汀;鹽酸洛索蒽醌;馬索羅酚;美坦辛;鹽酸氮芥;醋酸甲地孕酮;醋酸美侖孕酮;黴法蘭;美諾立爾;巰基嘌呤;胺甲喋呤;胺甲喋呤鈉;氯苯胺啶;美妥替哌;米丁度胺;米托剋星;絲裂紅素;米托潔林;米托馬星;絲裂黴素;米托司培;米托坦;鹽酸米托蒽醌;黴酚酸;諾考達唑;諾拉黴素;奧馬鉑;奧昔舒侖;培門冬酶;培利黴素;戊氮芥;硫酸培洛黴素;培磷醯胺;哌泊溴烷;哌泊舒凡;鹽酸吡羅蒽醌;普卡黴素;普洛美坦;卟吩姆鈉;甲基絲裂黴素;潑尼莫司汀;鹽酸丙卡巴肼;嘌呤黴素;鹽酸嘌呤黴素;吡唑呋林;利波腺苷;羅穀亞胺;沙芬戈;鹽酸沙芬戈;司莫司汀;辛曲秦;司泊索非鈉(sparfosate sodium);司帕黴素;鹽酸鍺螺胺;螺莫司汀;螺鉑;鏈黴黑素;鏈脲菌素;磺氯苯脲;他利黴素;替可加蘭鈉;喃氟啶;鹽酸替洛蒽醌;替莫泊芬;替尼泊苷;替羅昔隆;睪內酯;硫咪嘌呤;硫鳥嘌呤;噻替派;噻唑呋林;替拉紮明;檸檬酸托瑞米芬;醋酸曲托龍;磷酸曲西立濱;三甲曲沙;葡萄糖醛酸三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林;鹽酸妥布氯唑;烏拉莫司汀;烏瑞替派;伐普肽;維替泊芬;硫酸長春鹼;硫酸長春新鹼;長春地辛;硫酸長春地辛;硫酸長春匹定;硫酸長春甘酯;硫酸長春羅辛;酒石酸長春瑞濱;硫酸長春羅定;硫酸長春利定;伏氯唑;折尼鉑;淨司他丁;鹽酸佐柔比星。
可以與本揭露的化合物組合使用的其他抗癌劑包括:20-表-1,25二羥基維生素D3;5-乙炔基尿嘧啶;阿比特龍;阿柔比星;醯基富烯(acylfulvene);腺環戊醇;阿多來新;阿地介白素;ALL-TK拮抗劑;六甲蜜胺;胺莫司汀;阿米多克斯(amidox);胺磷汀;胺基乙醯丙酸;胺柔比星;安吖啶;阿那格雷;阿那曲唑;雄茸交酯;血管生成抑制劑;拮抗劑D;拮抗劑G;安雷利克斯(antarelix);抗背部化形態發生蛋白-1;抗雄激素,前列腺癌;抗雌激素;抗瘤酮;反義寡核苷酸;甘胺酸阿非迪黴素;細胞凋亡基因調節劑;細胞凋亡調節劑;類嘌呤酸;ara-CDP-DL-PTBA;精胺酸脫胺酶;阿蘇萊克林(asulacrine);阿他美坦;阿莫司汀;阿耐司汀1;阿耐司汀2;阿耐司汀3;阿紮司瓊;阿紮毒素;重氮酪胺酸;巴卡亭III衍生物;巴拉諾(balanol);巴馬司他;BCR/ABL拮抗劑;苯并二氫卟酚;苯甲醯星狀孢菌素(benzoylstaurosporine);β內醯胺衍生物;β-阿立辛(beta-alethine);亞阿克拉黴素B;樺木酸;Bfgf抑制劑;比卡魯胺;比生群;雙吖丙啶基精胺;雙奈法德;雙崔特(Bistratene)A;比折來新;布瑞弗萊特(breflate);溴匹立明;布度鈦;丁胱亞磺醯亞胺;卡泊三醇;卡弗他丁C;喜樹鹼衍生物;金絲雀痘IL-2;卡培他濱(capecitabine);甲醯胺-胺基-三唑;羧基醯胺基三唑;卡思特(CaRest)M3;CARN 700;軟骨衍生的抑制劑;卡折來新;酪蛋白激酶抑制劑(ICOS);粟樹精胺;天蠶素B;西曲瑞克;綠素類(chlorlns);氯喹㗁啉磺醯胺;西卡前列素;順卟啉;克拉屈濱;氯米芬類似物;克氯黴唑;柯林斯黴菌素(collismycin)A;柯林斯黴菌素B;康普瑞汀A4;康普瑞汀類似物;康那格林(conagenin);康伯西汀(crambescidin)816;克立那托;念珠藻素8;念珠藻素A衍生物;庫拉素A;環戊蒽醌;賽克普拉特(cycloplatam);賽普米新(cypemycin);阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸酯;溶細胞因子;磷酸己烷雌酚;達昔單抗;地西他濱;脫氫膜海鞘素B;地洛瑞林;地塞米松;右異環磷醯胺;右雷佐生;右維拉帕米;地吖醌;膜海鞘素B;迪多克斯(didox);二乙基去甲精胺;二氫-5-氮雜胞苷;9-二氧雜黴菌素;聯苯螺莫司汀;二十二醇;朵拉司瓊;去氧氟尿苷;屈洛昔芬;屈大麻酚;多卡米新SA;依布硒;依考莫司汀;依地福新;依決洛單抗;依氟鳥胺酸;欖香烯;乙嘧替氟;表柔比星;依立雄胺;雌莫司汀類似物;雌激素促效劑;雌激素拮抗劑;依他硝唑;磷酸依託泊苷;伊析美斯坦;法倔唑;法紮拉濱;芬維A胺;非格司亭;非那雄胺;夫拉平度;氟卓斯汀;弗拉斯特倫(fluasterone);氟達拉濱;鹽酸氟柔紅黴素(fluorodaunorunicin hydrochloride);福酚美克;福美斯坦;福司曲星;福莫司汀;釓替沙林;硝酸鎵;加洛他濱;加尼瑞克;明膠酶抑制劑;吉西他濱;麩胱甘肽抑制劑;海普撒凡(hepsulfam);調蛋白;六甲撐二乙醯胺;金絲桃素;伊班膦酸;伊達比星;艾多昔芬;伊決孟酮;伊莫福新;伊洛馬司他;咪唑并吖啶酮;咪喹莫特;免疫刺激劑肽;胰島素樣生長因子-1受體抑制劑;干擾素促效劑;干擾素;介白素;碘苄胍;碘多柔比星;甘薯苦醇(ipomeanol),4-;伊羅普拉(iroplact);伊索拉定;異本伽唑(isobengazole);異高軟海綿素(isohomohalicondrin)B;伊他司瓊;jasplakinolide;海蛞蝓提取物(kahalalide)F;三乙酸片螺素N(lamellarin-N triacetate);蘭瑞肽;來那米新(leinamycin);來格司亭;硫酸蘑菇多糖;萊普妥斯新(leptolstatin);利妥唑;白血病抑制因子;白血球α干擾素;亮丙瑞林+雌激素+孕酮;亮丙瑞林;左旋咪唑;利羅唑;線性多胺類似物;親脂性二糖肽;親脂性鉑化合物;利沙克裡那米得(lissoclinamide)7;洛鉑;蚯蚓磷脂;洛美曲索;氯尼達明;洛索蒽醌;洛伐他汀;洛索立賓;勒托替康;替沙林鎦;利索茶鹼;裂解肽;美坦新;制甘糖酶素(mannostatin)A;馬立馬司他;馬索羅酚;乳腺絲抑蛋白;基質溶解因子抑制劑;基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑;美諾立爾;美巴龍;美替瑞林;甲硫胺酸酶;甲氧氯普胺;MIF抑制劑;美服培酮;米替福新;米立司亭;錯配的雙鏈RNA;米托胍腙;二溴衛矛醇;絲裂黴素類似物;米托萘胺;邁托毒素成纖維細胞生長因子-皂角素;米托蒽醌;莫法羅汀;莫拉司亭;單株抗體,人絨毛膜促性腺激素;莫哌達醇;多重抗藥性基因抑制劑;基於多腫瘤抑制因子1的療法;芥末抗癌劑;印度洋海綿(mycaperoxide)B;分枝桿菌細胞壁提取物;米利亞普隆(myriaporone);N-乙醯基地那林;N-取代的苯甲醯胺;那法瑞林;那瑞替噴;那若松 + 鎮痛新;納帕因(napavin);納福特平(naphterpin);那托司亭;奈達鉑;奈莫柔比星;奈立膦酸;中性內肽酶;尼魯米特;尼薩黴素(nisamycin);一氧化氮調節劑;氮氧化物抗氧化劑;尼圖林(nitrullyn);O6-苄基鳥嘌呤;奧曲肽;奧琪森酮(okicenone);寡核苷酸;奧那司酮;安坦息吐;奧羅新(oracin);口服細胞介素誘導劑;奧馬鉑;奧沙特隆;奧沙利鉑;奧克薩黴素(oxaunomycin);帛琉黴素(palauamine);棕櫚醯根黴菌素(palmitoylrhizoxin);帕米膦酸;人參炔三醇;帕諾米芬;副球菌素;帕折普汀;培門冬酶;培得星;木聚硫鈉;噴司他丁;泮托唑(pentrozole);全氟溴烷;培磷醯胺;紫蘇醇;苯連氮黴素;苯乙酸酯;磷酸酯酶抑制劑;沙培林;鹽酸毛果芸香鹼;吡柔比星;吡曲克辛;普拉斯汀(placetin)A;普拉斯汀B;纖溶酶原激活物抑制劑;鉑複合物;鉑化合物;鉑-三胺複合物;卟吩姆鈉;甲基絲裂黴素;強體松;丙基雙-吖啶酮;前列腺素J2;蛋白酶體抑制劑;基於蛋白A的免疫調節劑;蛋白激酶C抑制劑、微藻;蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶抑制劑;嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制劑;紫紅素;吡唑啉吖啶;吡哆醛化血紅素聚氧乙烯軛合物;raf拮抗劑;雷替曲塞;雷莫司瓊;ras法呢基蛋白轉移酶抑制劑;ras抑制劑;ras-GAP抑制劑;去甲基化瑞替普汀;依替膦酸錸Re 186;根黴素;核酶;R.sub.11維甲醯胺;羅穀亞胺;羅希吐鹼;羅莫肽;羅喹美克;魯濱吉隆(rubiginone)B1;如波希爾(ruboxyl);沙芬戈;辛妥平(saintopin);SarCNU;肌肉葉綠醇A;沙格司亭;Sdi 1模擬物;司莫司汀;衰老衍生的1;正義寡核苷酸;訊息傳遞抑制劑;訊息傳遞調節劑;單鏈抗原結合蛋白;西佐喃;索布佐生;硼卡鈉;苯乙酸鈉;索沃繞(solverol);體介素結合蛋白;索納明;膦門冬酸;穗黴素D;螺莫司汀;斯耐潘定;海綿素1;角鯊胺;幹細胞抑制劑;幹細胞分裂抑制劑;斯蒂匹醯胺(stipiamide);基質分解素抑制劑;薩菲諾辛(sulfinosine);強效血管活性腸肽拮抗劑;蘇拉蒂斯塔(suradista);蘇拉明;苦馬豆素;合成的糖胺聚糖;他莫司汀;他莫昔芬甲碘化物;牛磺莫司汀;他紮羅汀;替可加蘭鈉;喃氟啶;替魯裡姆(tellurapyrylium);端粒酶抑制劑;替莫泊芬;替莫唑胺;替尼泊苷;四氯十氧化物;四唑胺(tetrazomine);白蓬達亭(thaliblastine);噻可拉林;血小板生成素;血小板生成素模擬物;胸腺法新;胸腺生成素受體促效劑;胸腺曲南;促甲狀腺激素;乙基初卟啉錫(tin ethyl etiopurpurin);替拉紮明;二茂基二氯化鈦;妥普森汀(topsentin);托瑞米芬;全能幹細胞因子;翻譯抑制劑;視網酸;三乙醯尿苷;曲西立濱;三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林;托烷司瓊;妥羅雄脲;酪胺酸激酶抑制劑;酪胺酸磷酸化抑制劑;UBC抑制劑;烏苯美司;泌尿生殖竇來源的生長抑制因子;尿激酶受體拮抗劑;伐普肽;維瑞爾林(variolin)B;載體系統,紅血球基因療法;維拉雷瑣;藜蘆胺;維爾丁斯(verdins);維替泊芬;長春瑞濱;維撒丁(vinxaltine);維他星(vitaxin);伏氯唑;紮諾特隆;折尼鉑;亞苄維C(zilascorb);和淨司他丁斯酯。
可以與本揭露的化合物組合使用的還其他抗癌劑包括烷化劑、抗代謝物、天然產物、或激素,例如,氮芥(例如,二氯甲基二乙胺(mechloroethamine)、環磷醯胺、氮芥苯丁酸等)、烷基磺酸鹽(例如,白消安)、亞硝基脲(例如,卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀等)、或三氮烯(鴇烯咪胺(decarbazine)等)。抗代謝物之實例包括但不限於葉酸類似物(例如,胺甲喋呤)、或嘧啶類似物(例如,阿糖胞苷)、嘌呤類似物(例如,巰基嘌呤、硫鳥嘌呤、噴司他丁)。
可以與本揭露的化合物組合使用的天然產物之實例包括但不限於長春花生物鹼(例如,長春新鹼)、表鬼臼毒素(例如,依託泊苷)、抗生素(例如,道諾黴素、多柔比星、博萊黴素)、酶(例如,L-天冬醯胺酶)、或生物響應調節劑(例如,干擾素α)。
可以與本揭露的化合物組合使用的烷化劑之實例包括但不限於氮芥(例如,二氯甲基二乙胺、環磷醯胺、氮芥苯丁酸、黴法蘭等)、乙烯亞胺和甲基三聚氰胺(例如,六甲基三聚氰胺、噻替派)、烷基磺酸鹽(例如,白消安)、亞硝基脲(例如,卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、司莫司汀、鏈脲菌素等)、或三氮烯(鴇烯咪胺等)。抗代謝物之實例包括但不限於葉酸類似物(例如,胺甲喋呤)、或嘧啶類似物(例如,氟尿嘧啶、氟尿苷、阿糖胞苷)、嘌呤類似物(例如,巰基嘌呤、硫鳥嘌呤、噴司他丁)。
可以與本揭露的化合物組合使用的激素和拮抗劑之實例包括但不限於腎上腺皮質類固醇(例如,強體松)、黃體素(例如,羥助孕酮己酯、醋酸甲地孕酮和醋酸甲羥助孕酮)、雌激素(例如,己烯雌酚、乙炔雌二醇)、抗雌激素(例如,他莫昔芬)、雄激素(例如,丙酸睪酮、氟甲睪酮)、抗雄激素(例如,氟他胺)、促性腺激素釋放激素類似物(例如,亮丙瑞林)。可以用於本文描述的方法和組成物中的用於治療或預防癌症的其他藥劑包括鉑配位複合物(例如,順鉑、卡鉑)、蒽二酮(例如,米托蒽醌)、經取代的脲(例如,羥基脲)、甲基肼衍生物(例如,丙卡巴肼)、腎上腺皮質抑制藥(例如,米托坦、胺麩精)。
可以與本揭露的化合物組合使用的其他抗癌劑包括:由於穩定化的微管藉由使細胞停留在G2-M期而起作用的抗癌劑包括厄布洛唑(也稱為R-55104)、尾海兔素10(也稱為DLS-10和NSC-376128)、羥乙磺酸米伏布林(Mivobulin isethionate)(也稱為CI-980)、長春新鹼、NSC-639829、圓皮海綿內酯(Discodermolide)(也稱為NVP-XX-A-296)、ABT-751(雅培公司(Abbott),也稱為E-7010)、阿托海汀(Altorhyrtin)(如阿托海汀A和阿托海汀C)、海綿毒素(Spongistatin)(如海綿毒素1、海綿毒素2、海綿毒素3、海綿毒素4、海綿毒素5、海綿毒素6、海綿毒素7、海綿毒素8、和海綿毒素9)、鹽酸西馬多丁(也稱為LU-103793和NSC-D-669356)、埃博黴素(如埃博黴素A、埃博黴素B、埃博黴素C(也稱為去氧埃博黴素A或dEpoA)、埃博黴素D(也稱為KOS-862、dEpoB、和去氧埃博黴素B)、埃博黴素E、埃博黴素F、埃博黴素B N-氧化物、埃博黴素A N-氧化物、16-氮雜-埃博黴素B、21-胺基埃博黴素B(也稱為BMS-310705)、21-羥基埃博黴素D(也稱為去氧埃博黴素F和dEpoF)、26-氟埃博黴素)、澳瑞他汀PE(也稱為NSC-654663)、索利多亭(Soblidotin)(也稱為TZT-1027)、LS-4559-P(法瑪西亞公司(Pharmacia),也稱為LS-4577)、LS-4578(法瑪西亞公司,也稱為LS-477-P)、LS-4477(法瑪西亞公司)、LS-4559(法瑪西亞公司)、RPR-112378(安內特公司(Aventis))、硫酸長春新鹼、DZ-3358(第一實業公司(Daiichi))、FR-182877(藤澤公司(Fujisawa),也稱為WS-9885B)、GS-164(武田製藥公司(Takeda))、GS-198(武田製藥公司)、KAR-2(匈牙利科學院(Hungarian Academy of Sciences))、BSF-223651(BASF公司,也稱為ILX-651和LU-223651)、SAH-49960(禮來製藥公司(Lilly)/諾華公司(Novartis))、SDZ-268970(禮來製藥公司/諾華公司)、AM-97(艾曼達公司(Armad)/協和發酵工業株式會社(Kyowa Hakko))、AM-132(艾曼達公司)、AM-138(艾曼達公司/協和發酵工業株式會社)、IDN-5005(印第納公司(Indena))、念珠藻素52(也稱為LY-355703)、AC-7739(味之素公司(Ajinomoto),也稱為AVE-8063A和CS-39.HCl)、AC-7700(味之素公司,也稱為AVE-8062、AVE-8062A、CS-39-L-Ser.HCl、和RPR-258062A)、維提醯胺(Vitilevuamide)、微管蛋白抑制劑(Tubulysin)A、迦納單索(Canadensol)、矢車菊黃素(Centaureidin)(也稱為NSC-106969)、T-138067(杜拉瑞克公司(Tularik),也稱為T-67、TL-138067和TI-138067)、COBRA-1(派克休斯研究院(Parker Hughes Institute),也稱為DDE-261和WHI-261)、H10(堪薩斯州立大學(Kansas State University))、H16(堪薩斯州立大學)、Oncocidin A1(也稱為BTO-956和DIME)、DDE-313(派克休斯研究院)、Fijianolide B. 萊利黴素(Laulimalide)、SPA-2(派克休斯研究院)、SPA-1(派克休斯研究院,也稱為SPIKET-P)、3-IAABU(細胞骨架公司(Cytoskeleton)/西奈山醫學院(Mt.Sinai School of Medicine),也稱為MF-569)、樂咳平(Narcosine)(也稱為NSC-5366)、那卡平(Nascapine)、D-24851(愛斯達製藥公司(Asta Medica))、A-105972(雅培公司)、哈米特林(Hemiasterlin)、3-BAABU(細胞骨架公司/西奈山醫學院,也稱為MF-191)、TMPN(亞利桑那州立大學(Arizona State University))、乙醯丙酮雙釩(Vanadocene acetylacetonate)、T-138026(杜拉瑞克公司(Tularik))、莫那撒爾(Monsatrol)、Inanocine(也稱為NSC-698666)、3-1AABE(細胞骨架公司/西奈山醫學院)、A-204197(雅培公司)、T-607(杜拉瑞克公司,也稱為T-900607)、RPR-115781(安內特公司)、艾榴塞洛素(Eleutherobins)(如去甲基艾榴塞洛素、去乙醯基艾榴塞洛素、異艾榴塞洛素A、和Z-艾榴塞洛素)、Caribaeoside、Caribaeolin、軟海綿素B、D-64131(愛斯達製藥公司)、D-68144(愛斯達製藥公司)、含氯環肽A(Diazonamide A)、A-293620(雅培公司)、NPI-2350(納魯斯公司(Nereus))、根薯酮內酯A(Taccalonolide A)、TUB-245(安內特公司)、A-259754(雅培公司)、Diozostatin、(-)-Phenylahistin(也稱為NSCL-96F037)、D-68838(愛斯達製藥公司)、D-68836(愛斯達製藥公司)、肌基質蛋白B(Myoseverin B)、D-43411(Zentaris公司,也稱為D-81862)、A-289099(雅培公司)、A-318315(雅培公司)、HTI-286(也稱為SPA-110,三氟乙酸鹽)(惠氏公司(Wyeth))、D-82317(Zentaris公司)、D-82318(Zentaris公司)、SC-12983(NCI)、Resverastatin磷酸鈉、BPR-OY-007(國立衛生研究院(National Health Research Institutes))、以及SSR-250411(賽諾菲公司(Sanofi))。
一或多種另外的免疫檢查點抑制劑可與本揭露的化合物組合使用。示例性免疫檢查點抑制劑包括針對免疫檢查點分子(如CD27、CD28、CD40、CD122、CD96、CD73、CD39、CD47、OX40、GITR、CSF1R、JAK、PI3Kδ、PI3Kγ、TAM、精胺酸酶、CD137(也稱為4-1BB)、ICOS、A2AR、A2BR、SHP-2、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、CTLA-4、LAG3、TIM3、VISTA、CD96、TIGIT、PD-1、PD-L1和PD-L2)的抑制劑(打擊(smack)分子或生物製品)。在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子係刺激性檢查點分子,該刺激性檢查點分子選自CD27、CD28、CD40、ICOS、OX40、GITR、CD137和STING。在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子係抑制性檢查點分子,該抑制性檢查點分子選自B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、CTLA-4、IDO、TDO、精胺酸酶、KIR、LAG3、PD-1、TIM3、CD96、TIGIT和VISTA。在一些實施方式中,本文提供的化合物可以與一或多種藥劑組合使用,該等藥劑選自KIR抑制劑、TIGIT抑制劑、LAIR1抑制劑、CD160抑制劑、2B4抑制劑和TGFRβ抑制劑。
在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子的抑制劑係PD-1的抑制劑,例如,抗PD-1單株抗體。在一些實施方式中,抗PD-1單株抗體係納武單抗、派姆單抗(也稱為MK-3475)、匹地利珠單抗(pidilizumab)、SHR-1210、PDR001、或AMP-224。在一些實施方式中,抗PD-1單株抗體係納武單抗、或派姆單抗或PDR001。在一些實施方式中,抗PD1抗體係派姆單抗。
在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子的抑制劑係PD-L1的抑制劑,例如,抗PD-L1單株抗體。在一些實施方式中,抗PD-L1單株抗體係BMS-935559、MEDI4736、MPDL3280A(也稱為RG7446)、或MSB0010718C。在一些實施方式中,抗PD-L1單株抗體係MPDL3280A(阿特珠單抗)或MEDI4736(德瓦魯單抗)。
在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子的抑制劑係CTLA-4的抑制劑,例如,抗CTLA-4抗體。在一些實施方式中,抗CTLA-4抗體係伊匹單抗或曲美木單抗。在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子的抑制劑係LAG3的抑制劑,例如,抗LAG3抗體。在一些實施方式中,抗LAG3抗體係BMS-986016或LAG525。在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子的抑制劑係GITR的抑制劑,例如,抗GITR抗體。在一些實施方式中,抗GITR抗體係TRX518、或MK-4166、INCAGN01876或MK-1248。在一些實施方式中,免疫檢查點分子的抑制劑係OX40的抑制劑,例如,抗OX40抗體或OX40L融合蛋白。在一些實施方式中,抗OX40抗體係MEDI0562或INCAGN01949、GSK2831781、GSK-3174998、MOXR-0916、PF-04518600或LAG525。在一些實施方式中,OX40L融合蛋白係MEDI6383。
此外,本文揭露的組合療法可以與放射一起投與。
實例
實例1
化合物1在小鼠膀胱癌異種移植模型中的抗腫瘤作用
將化合物1用0.5%甲基纖維素配製。在6-7週齡的每隻Balb/c裸小鼠的右腹皮下接種在PBS和Corning®基質膠(體積1 : 1)中的4-10 × 10
6個腫瘤細胞,用於腫瘤生成。當腫瘤大小為100-200 mm
3時,將荷瘤小鼠隨機分為2組(n = 8),並分別以20 mg/kg的媒介物(bid)和化合物1(bid)開始治療,持續17-30天。每週兩次使用卡尺測量二維腫瘤大小,並且體積使用公式V = 0.5 x a x b
2以mm
3表示,其中a和b分別為腫瘤的長直徑和短直徑。所有數據均顯示為平均值和平均值的標準誤差(SEM)。如圖1所示,化合物1治療後,RT112異種移植模型中有微小的抗腫瘤作用,RT4異種移植模型中有明顯的腫瘤生長抑制,T24異種移植模型中腫瘤完全消退。
實例2
低氧條件對HIF-1α和HIF-2α蛋白水平的誘導
將T24細胞在含20% O
2(常氧)或1% O
2(低氧)的細胞培養箱中培養72小時。然後將細胞用PBS沖洗並在含有Pierce蛋白酶和磷酸酶抑制劑的RIPA緩衝液(賽默科技公司(Thermo Scientific);目錄A32959)中裂解。用Pierce BCA蛋白測定套組(kit)(賽默科技公司;目錄23225)定量蛋白質濃度。將分離出的蛋白質藉由SDS-PAGE凝膠分解,轉移到硝化纖維素膜(賽默科技公司;目錄IB23001)上,並使用以下抗體藉由免疫墨點法檢測:抗HIF-1α抗體(細胞傳訊技術公司(Cell signaling Technology);目錄36169)、抗HIF-2α抗體(細胞傳訊技術公司;目錄7096)和抗微管蛋白抗體(細胞傳訊技術公司;目錄15115)。HIF-1α和HIF-2α在T24細胞中在常氧條件(20% O
2)下均可檢測到並且在低氧條件(1% O
2)下均上調(圖2(a))。
實例3
由複合物1或siRNA敲低產生的對HIF-2α的抑制阻抑了低氧誘導的VEGFA和GLUT1的mRNA上調
將T24細胞用DMSO或1.0 µM化合物1、對照siRNA或HIF-1α、HIF-2α所特有的siRNA在常氧(20% O
2)或低氧(1% O
2)條件下處理72 h。使用RNeasy迷你套組(凱傑公司(Qiagen),目錄號74104)和QIAshredder(凱傑公司,目錄號79654)提取總RNA。然後使用Applied Biosystems™高容量cDNA反轉錄套組(Applied Biosystems™目錄號4368814)將RNA反轉錄為cDNA。使用cDNA作為模板,藉由定量聚合酶鏈反應(PCR)測定(PowerUp SYBR Green預混液,Applied Biosystems™,目錄號A25742)來檢測VEGFA和GLUT1的mRNA表現,使用GAPDH作為對照進行歸一化。HIF-2α的敲低和化合物1治療阻抑低氧條件誘導的VEGFA和GLUT1 mRNA水平(圖2(b)和(c))。相比之下,HIF-1α的敲低上調了VEGFA和GLUT1 mRNA的水平(圖2(b))。
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[圖1(a)]提供了HIF-2a抑制劑化合物1(A型同質異晶物)在小鼠膀胱癌異種移植模型RT112中的抗腫瘤作用。[圖1(b)]提供了HIF-2a抑制劑化合物1(A型同質異晶物)在小鼠膀胱癌異種移植模型RT4中的抗腫瘤作用。[圖1(c)]提供了HIF-2a抑制劑化合物1(A型同質異晶物)在小鼠膀胱癌異種移植模型T24中的抗腫瘤作用。
[圖2(a)]提供了72 h的常氧和低氧條件對膀胱癌細胞T24中的HIF-1a和HIF-2a蛋白水平的誘導。
[圖2(b)]示出了72 h的常氧或低氧條件對用HIF-1α、HIF-2α或對照的siRNA處理的膀胱癌T24細胞中的低氧誘導的GLUT1和VEGFA上調的影響。
[圖2(c)]示出了72 h的常氧或低氧條件對用1 µM化合物1或DMSO處理的膀胱癌T24細胞中的低氧誘導的GLUT1和VEGFA上調的影響。
[圖3]描繪了化合物1的A型同質異晶物的代表性XRPD繞射圖。
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Claims (24)
- 一種治療患者的膀胱癌之方法,該方法包括向有需要的患者投與治療有效量的具有式 (I) 之HIF-2α抑制劑: (I) 其中: X 1係CH或N; R 1係羥基、鹵代、胺基、-OP(O)(OH) 2、-OCH 2OP(O)(OH) 2、-OCOR 10、-OCOOR 11、-OCONR 12R 13、-OCHR 14OCOR 15或-OCHR 14OCOOR 15a,其中R 10、R 11、和R 15以及R 15a獨立地是烷基或被胺基、羧基或羥基取代的烷基,R 12和R 13獨立地是氫,烷基,或被胺基、羧基或羥基取代的烷基,或R 12和R 13與它們所附接的氮原子一起形成視需要取代的雜環基,並且每個R 14係氫、烷基、或鹵代烷基; R 2係氫、氘、烷基、鹵代烷基、烯基、或炔基; R 2a係氫或氘; R 3和R 4獨立地是氫、氘、烷基、環烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、羥基烷基、或烷氧基烷基;或 R 3和R 4與它們所附接的碳一起形成側氧基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員視需要取代的雜伸環基; R 5係氫、氘、烷基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、羥基、或烷氧基; R 6係氫、氘、烷基、環烷基、或鹵代;或 R 5和R 6與它們所附接的碳一起形成側氧基、烷基二烯基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員視需要取代的雜伸環基;條件係R 5和R 6以及R 3和R 4與它們所附接的碳一起不同時形成側氧基、環伸烷基或視需要取代的4員至6員雜伸環基; R 7係氫、氘、烷基、烷氧基、氰基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、或鹵代烷氧基; L係鍵、S、SO、SO 2、O、CO、或NR 16,其中R 16係氫或烷基; R 8係烷基、鹵代烷基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、環烷基、環烯基、二環環烷基、側氧基環烯基、環烷基烷基、芳基、芳烷基、雜環基、螺環烷基、螺雜環基、雜環基烷基、雜芳基、或雜芳烷基,其中芳基或雜芳基,各自本身或作為芳烷基或雜芳烷基的一部分,或雜環基,本身或作為雜環基烷基的一部分,被R a、R b、R c、R g和R h取代,其中R a、R b、和R c獨立地選自氫、氘、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、氰基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、烯基、炔基、烷叉基、視需要取代的芳基、視需要取代的雜芳基、和視需要取代的雜環基,並且R g和R h獨立地選自氫、氘、和鹵代; R 9係氫、烷基、環烷基、羥基、烷氧基、氰基、鹵代、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷基亞碸、烷基磺醯基、或雜芳基,其中該雜芳基視需要被獨立地選自氫、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、和氰基的R d、R e、和R f取代;或 當R 9和R 2附接至同一碳原子時,它們可以組合形成側氧基、烷基二烯基、3員至6員環伸烷基、或4員至6員雜伸環基;並且 R 9a係氫或氘; 或其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IIa) 或 (IIb) 的結構: 或 (IIa) (IIb)。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該具有式 (I) 之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽具有式 (IIa’) 或 (IIb’) 的結構: 或 (IIa’) (IIb’)。
- 如請求項1-3中任一項所述之方法,其中R 3係氟。
- 如請求項1-3中任一項所述之方法,其中R 3和R 4係氟。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項所述之方法,其中L係O。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項所述之方法,其中R 8係被R a、R b、R c、R g和R h取代的苯基,其中R a、R b、和R c獨立地選自氫、氘、烷基、鹵代烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烷氧基、羥基、鹵代、氰基、羥基烷基、烷氧基烷基、胺基烷基、視需要取代的芳基、視需要取代的雜芳基、和視需要取代的雜環基,並且R g和R h獨立地選自氫、氘、和鹵代。
- 如請求項7所述之方法,其中R 8係3-氯-5-氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、3-氟-5-甲氧基苯基、3-氰基-5-氟苯基、3-氯-5-氰基苯基、3-氰基-5-甲基苯基、3-氯-4-氟苯基、3-氯-5-氟苯基、3-氟-5-甲基苯基、3-氰基苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、3-氯-2-甲基苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、2-氯-6-甲基苯基、2,6-二氟苯基、3,4,5-三氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、4-氟-3-甲基苯基、3-氰基-4-氟苯基、3-氰基-5-二氟甲基苯基、或3-氰基-5-氟-2,4,6-三氘苯基。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項所述之方法,其中 R 7係氫; R 2係氫、甲基、或乙基;並且 R 9係氫、烷基、氟、羥基、或烷氧基。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該具有式 (I) 之HIF-2α抑制劑選自: 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-側氧基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-1,2a-二羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-(((1R,2aS)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-(((1R,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 1,3,3,4,4-五氟-7-((5-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氫-2aH-環戊[cd]茚-2a-醇; 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫螺[環戊[cd]-茚-1,1'-環丙烷]-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-1,2a-二羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-1-甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-((2a-胺基-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-5-氟苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基-1,2,2-d3)氧基)苯甲腈; 3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基-1-d)氧基)苯甲腈-2,4,6-d3; (R)-3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;和 (S)-3-氟-5-((3,3,4,4-四氟-2a-羥基-1-亞甲基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)苯甲腈;或 其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該具有式 (I) 之HIF-2α抑制劑係3-氟-5-((1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該具有式 (I) 之HIF-2α抑制劑係3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈。
- 如請求項12所述之方法,其中該3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈係結晶固體,指定為A型同質異晶物,具有包含在角位置15.8和18.6處的峰的X-射線粉末繞射圖,其中該等角位置可變化 ± 0.2° 2θ,如藉由X-射線粉末繞射使用(Cu Kα)1.5418 Å的X-射線波長所測量的。
- 如請求項13所述之方法,其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置20.1處的峰,其中該角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
- 如請求項13所述之方法,其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置12.9和20.1處的峰,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
- 如請求項13所述之方法,其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置11.4、12.9、和20.1處的峰,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
- 如請求項13所述之方法,其中該A型同質異晶物X-射線粉末繞射圖進一步包含在角位置10.1、11.4、12.9、和20.1處的峰,其中該等角位置可以變化 ± 0.2° 2θ。
- 如請求項12所述之方法,其中該3-氟-5-(((1S,2aR)-1,3,3,4,4-五氟-2a-羥基-2,2a,3,4-四氫-1H-環戊[cd]茚-7-基)氧基)-苯甲腈係結晶固體,指定為A型同質異晶物,具有X-射線粉末繞射圖,具有基本與圖1所示相同的X-射線粉末繞射圖。
- 如請求項13至17中任一項所述之方法,其中本文所示的X-射線粉末繞射圖峰的角位置可以變化 ± 0.1° 2θ。
- 如請求項1至19中任一項所述之方法,其中該膀胱癌選自由以下組成之群組:轉移性膀胱癌、非轉移性膀胱癌、早期膀胱癌、非浸潤性膀胱癌、肌層浸潤性膀胱癌(MIBC)、非肌層浸潤性膀胱癌(NMIBC)、原發性膀胱癌、晚期膀胱癌、局部晚期膀胱癌、緩解期膀胱癌、進行性膀胱癌、復發性膀胱癌和尿路上皮癌。
- 如請求項20所述之方法,其中該膀胱癌係肌層浸潤性膀胱癌。
- 如請求項1至21中任一項所述之方法,其中該方法進一步包括投與該HIF-2α抑制劑與一或多種另外的抗癌劑、放射療法和/或手術的組合。
- 如請求項1至22中任一項所述之方法,其中順序地或同時投與該HIF-2α抑制劑和該一或多種另外的抗癌劑。
- 如請求項22或23所述之方法,其中該一或多種抗癌劑選自由以下組成之群組:沃凡妥單抗、英菲格拉替尼、LY2874455、培米替尼、羅加替尼、PRN1371、唑來替尼、德贊替尼、厄達替尼、Debio-1347、納武單抗、派姆單抗、匹地利珠單抗、MEDI-0680、德瓦魯單抗、BMS-936559、西利單抗、阿維魯單抗、阿特珠單抗、阿法替尼、拉帕替尼、埃羅替尼、帕妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-德魯替康、貝伐單抗、雷莫蘆單抗、索拉非尼、卡博替尼、樂伐替尼、帕唑帕尼、奧拉帕尼、AZD1775、維妥舍替、林羅司他、順鉑、卡鉑、多柔比星、維汀-恩弗妥單抗-ejfv、絲裂黴素、RC48-ADC、噻替派、戈沙妥珠單抗-hziy、戊柔比星、吉西他濱、胺甲喋呤、長春花鹼、多西他賽、紫杉醇、培美曲塞、卡介苗、以及干擾素。
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