TW202321059A - Speed changing device for electric vehicles including an input shaft, an output shaft, a clutch mechanism, a speed changing drum, a sensor, and a gearshift motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A speed changing device for electric vehicles is provided. The speed changing device for electric vehicles includes an input shaft connected to a power motor, an output shaft linked to the input shaft, a clutch mechanism mounted on the output shaft, a speed changing drum connected to the clutch mechanism, a sensor for measuring the rotation angle of the speed changing drum, and a gearshift motor connected to the speed changing drum for controlling the rotation angle of the speed changing drum. The input shaft includes a shaft body, a first gear, and a second gear sleeved on the shaft body. The output shaft includes a shaft rod, a first-speed gear, and a second-speed gear respectively meshed with the first gear and the second gear. The clutch mechanism is disposed between the first-speed gear and the second-speed gear and includes a slide that can move between the first-speed position and the second-speed position, and a shift fork that drives the slide to move.

Description

Gearbox for electric vehicles

The invention relates to equipment of an electric vehicle, in particular to a speed change device of the electric vehicle.

Referring to Fig. 1, it is an existing transmission mechanism 1, which includes an input shaft 10 suitable for connecting operating power, a first gear 11 set on the input shaft 10, a set on the input shaft 10 and connected to the one The second gear 12 adjacent to the gear 11, an output shaft 13 radially spaced from the input shaft 10 and used to output power, set on the output shaft 13 and used to detachably connect with the first gear 11 meshing first gear 14, a second gear 15 set on the output shaft 13 and used to detachably mesh with the second gear 12, a one-way clutch 17 connected to the output shaft 13, a connecting A presser clutch 18 on the input shaft 10 and used to switch the actuation of the first gear 11 and the second gear 12 , and a resisting mechanism 19 used to resist the presser clutch 18 along the axial direction of the input shaft 10 . The power introduced by the input shaft 10 controls the pressing plate clutch 18 to be clamped or loosened through the operation of the resisting mechanism 19, thereby switching to make the first gear 11 mesh with the first gear 14, And the second gear 12 is engaged with the second gear 15 .

Wherein, in the first gear, the power transmitted by the input shaft 10 is transmitted to the output shaft 13 via the first gear 11 and the first gear 14 to output power. At this time, the second gear 12 rotates with the input shaft 10, but has no power output because it is not meshed with other gears. While in the second gear position, through the action of the pressure plate clutch 18 , the power introduced by the input shaft 10 is transferred to the output shaft 13 via the second gear 12 and the second gear 15 . At this time, through the one-way clutch characteristic of the one-way clutch 17 , it is possible to prevent the power from still being transmitted through the path of the first gear, thereby causing the two gears to move synchronously.

However, in order to produce a speed difference between the first gear 14 and the second gear 15, it is necessary to adopt the clutch mechanism of the one-way clutch 17 at the output shaft 13, but also due to the one-way clutch 17 of the one-way clutch characteristics, when the one-way clutch 17 is operating in the second gear, the reverse operation of the "reverse gear" cannot be carried out. In addition, if it is in the first gear for a long time, since the resisting mechanism 19 is in the state of resisting the pressure plate clutch 18, there is a relatively long time between the parts under the condition of force, and it is easy to be damaged. And affect the service life.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a transmission device for an electric vehicle that can operate in reverse in each gear.

[Technical means to solve the problem]

Therefore, in the transmission device of the electric vehicle of the present invention, the electric vehicle includes a power motor, and the transmission device of the electric vehicle includes an input shaft suitable for connecting the power motor to introduce power, and an output shaft for interlocking with the input shaft. Shaft, a clutch mechanism arranged on the output shaft, a speed change drum connected to the clutch mechanism, a sensor set apart from the speed change drum and used to detect the rotation angle of the speed change drum and output an angle information, and a The information is connected to the sensor and connected to the transmission drum, and is used to use the angle information to control the shift motor of the rotation angle of the transmission drum.

The input shaft includes a shaft, a first gear set on the shaft, and a second gear set on the shaft and spaced from the first gear. The output shaft includes a shaft, a first gear set on the shaft and meshed with the first gear, and a second gear set on the shaft and meshed with the second gear.

The clutch mechanism is arranged between the first gear and the second gear of the output shaft, and includes a gear that can move between a gear position coupled with the first gear and a second gear coupled with the second gear. A slide block, and a shift fork connected to the slide block and used to drive the slide block to move.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the slider of the clutch mechanism is disposed on the output shaft.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the speed change drum includes a drum shaft, two stoppers positioned on the drum shaft at a distance from each other along the axial direction of the drum shaft, a sleeve is set on the drum shaft and can move along the drum shaft. The axial direction of the shaft moves between the outer casings of the limiting parts, two sleeves are set on the drum shaft and are respectively located outside the limiting parts and can move along the axial direction of the drum shaft, and two sleeves are set on the drum shaft. The drum shaft and the locating pieces located outside the baffles, and two springs respectively arranged between the locating pieces and the baffles, the shift fork of the clutch mechanism is connected to the outer cover of the transmission drum.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer casing of the transmission drum has an inner ring part set on the drum shaft, and an inner ring part connected to the radially outer side of the inner ring part and having an axial width larger than the inner ring part, and is used for The axial direction of the drum shaft respectively pushes against the blocking pieces to compress the outer ring parts of the springs.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer ring portion of the outer sleeve defines a radially recessed portion that surrounds a distance from one axial end to the other end obliquely, and is used for accommodating the shift fork of the clutch mechanism. groove.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the drum shaft of the transmission drum is formed with at least one square bolt groove extending axially and recessed from the outside to the inside, and the outer sleeve also has at least one groove formed on the inner ring part for positioning on the protruding part of the at least one key groove.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the shift motor includes a driving gear, and the shift drum further includes a shift gear disposed on the drum shaft and meshing with the drive gear.

In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the limiting parts of the transmission drum is a C-shaped buckle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the limiting members of the transmission drum protrudes radially outward from the drum shaft.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the shift motor is located relatively above the shift drum.

[Effects that the present invention can achieve]

In the speed change device of the electric vehicle of the present invention, the rotation angle of the speed change drum is precisely controlled to drive the shift fork of the clutch mechanism through the shift motor and the angle information detected by the sensor, so that the clutch mechanism The slider moves between the first gear position and the second gear position to achieve the purpose of shifting gears. Therefore, under the situation of not using the clutch mechanism that limits steering, no matter the slide block is switched to the first gear position or the second gear position, the reverse gear operation can still be performed.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the slider used to be coupled to the first gear or the second gear is arranged on the output shaft, that is, there is no need to use a one-way clutch or a pressure plate clutch as in the prior art, so The mechanism is relatively simple and can reduce costs, and there is no need to maintain the complex components of the clutch mechanism, and the rotary rod and steel cable required to drive the pressure plate clutch are eliminated, and the maintenance cost is greatly reduced.

In some embodiments of the present invention, when the transmission drum rotates to drive the clutch mechanism to move, due to the axial movement of the sleeve relative to the drum shaft, one of the blocking plates will be pushed to make the corresponding The spring accumulates elastic restoration force. Therefore, even if the slider of the clutch mechanism is not precisely coupled to the first gear or the second gear, the elastic restoring force can prevent the slider from being continuously fixed at an inaccurate position, effectively preventing the slider from being connected to the first gear. The impact of the first gear or the second gear can not only avoid the abnormal noise caused by the impact between the elements, but also optimize the smoothness of gear shifting.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the shift motor and the shift drum are actuated through the mutual meshing between the drive gear and the shift gear, and the configuration of the shift motor can be made more flexible through the arrangement between the gears. And it is easy to change the direction of rotation and switch gears back and forth.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the shift motor that requires precise operation is located at a relatively high position to avoid being damaged by impact when the electric vehicle is running, thereby ensuring the stability of the shift operation.

Referring to Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, it is an embodiment of the transmission device of the electric vehicle of the present invention, the electric vehicle includes a power motor 9 for providing running power, and the power motor 9 is erected on a frame unit 80, and A battery unit 81 provides electric power to run, and is controlled by a motor controller 82 . This embodiment includes an input shaft 2 suitable for connecting with the power motor 9 to introduce power, an output shaft 3 for interlocking with the input shaft 2, a clutch mechanism 4 arranged on the output shaft 3, a clutch mechanism 4 connected to the The transmission drum 5 of the clutch mechanism 4, a sensor 6 which is spaced apart from the transmission drum 5 and is used to detect the rotation angle of the transmission drum 5 and output an angle information, and an information connection to the sensor 6 and to the sensor 6 The transmission drum 5, and the shift motor 7 for controlling the rotation angle of the transmission drum 5 by using the angle information.

The input shaft 2 includes a shaft body 20 , a first gear 21 set on the shaft body 20 , and a second gear 22 set on the shaft body 20 and spaced from the first gear 21 . The output shaft 3 is connected to a power output element such as a chain, and includes a shaft 30 arranged radially parallel to the shaft body 20 at intervals, a sleeve set on the shaft 30 and meshed with the first gear 21 A first gear 31 and a second gear 32 set on the shaft 30 and engaged with the second gear 22 .

Referring to FIG. 5 and in conjunction with FIG. 4, the clutch mechanism 4 is arranged between the first gear 31 and the second gear 32 of the output shaft 3, and includes a gear position that can couple the first gear 31 with the A slider 41 coupled with the second gear 32 to move between the second gear positions, and a shift fork 42 connected to the slider 41 and used to drive the slider 41 to move. Wherein, the slider 41 is arranged on the shaft rod 30 of the output shaft 3, so when the slider 41 is coupled to the first gear 31, it will mesh with the first gear 31 through the first gear 21 path, the rotational power of the input shaft 2 is transmitted to the output shaft 3; when the slider 41 is coupled to the second gear 32, the second gear 22 will mesh with the second gear 32 through the path, the The rotational power of the input shaft 2 is transmitted to the output shaft 3 .

6 to 8, the transmission drum 5 includes a drum shaft 51 formed with a plurality of square pin grooves 510 spaced apart from each other and extending in the axial direction and recessed from the outside to the inside. The spacer 52 positioned on the drum shaft 51 at a distance from each other, a set of sleeves 53 that are arranged on the drum shaft 51 and can move between the spacer parts 52 along the axial direction of the drum shaft 51, two sets of Set on the drum shaft 51 and respectively located outside the stoppers 52 and capable of moving along the axial direction of the drum shaft 51, two sleeves set on the drum shaft 51 and respectively located outside the stop pieces 54 The positioning piece 55 , two springs 56 respectively disposed between the positioning pieces 55 and the blocking pieces 54 , and a set of transmission gear 57 disposed on the drum shaft 51 .

Wherein, the outer casing 53 has an inner ring portion 531 set on the drum shaft 51, an outer ring portion 532 connected to the radially outer side of the inner ring portion 531 and having an axial width larger than the inner ring portion 531, and a plurality of The protrusions 533 formed on the inner ring portion 531 are used to respectively locate in the square pin grooves 510 . The outer ring portion 532 is used to respectively push against the retaining pieces 54 along the axial direction of the drum shaft 51 to compress the springs 56, and defines a radially recessed section obliquely from one axial end to the other. distance, and is used for the inclined slot 530 accommodated by the shift fork 42 of the clutch mechanism 4 . Through the rotation of the transmission drum 5, the shift fork 42 can move relatively in the inclined groove 530, and because the inclined extension of the inclined groove 530 has a component along the axial direction parallel to the drum shaft 51, the shift fork can be 42 generates movement in the same direction, thereby driving the slider 41 to move back and forth along the axial direction of the output shaft 3 .

In addition, each of the limiting parts 52 can be a C-shaped buckle, or a form that directly protrudes outward from the drum shaft 51 in the radial direction, as long as it can indeed produce a limiting effect on the movement range of the outer sleeve 53. Yes, but not limited to the above forms. It should be further explained that the positioning member 55 is respectively disposed on the outer ends of the springs 56 as a fixed end of each of the springs 56 . In this embodiment, in order to keep the components simple, one side is directly used as the positioning member 55 on the side by the speed change gear 57, but the same positioning member 55 as the other side can also be configured in actual implementation. , is not limited to this implementation.

Referring to Fig. 4 again, the sensor 6 is preferably an optical sensor with a small size and does not affect the operation of the entity, and can detect the rotation of the speed change drum 5 relative to the reference position after setting a specific reference position angle. The sensor 6 will continuously monitor the rotation angle of the transmission drum 5 and convert it into an angle information, which is used as a basis for controlling the operation of the shift motor 7 . Specifically, since the inclined groove 530 of the transmission drum 5 extends obliquely with respect to surrounding the drum shaft 51, the angle information reflects the position of the shift fork 42 of the clutch mechanism 4 in the inclined groove 530. position, and that is, the position where the slider 41 moves in a direction parallel to the shaft 30 .

The shift motor 7 is located above the shift drum 5, and includes a driving gear 71 meshing with the shift gear 57 of the shift drum 5, so as long as the shift gear is controlled in accordance with the angle information provided by the sensor 6 The operation of the gear motor 7 can drive the transmission drum 5 to rotate back and forth through the mechanism of mutual meshing between the gears, and then drive the clutch mechanism 4 to operate. It should be noted that, considering that the shift motor 7 is the driving source for performing the shift operation, in order to ensure the stable operation of the shift mechanism, the shift motor 7 that needs to be operated precisely is arranged at a relatively high position, which can The electric vehicle is prevented from being damaged due to impact when it is running, thereby ensuring the stability of gear shifting operation.

Referring to Fig. 8 and coordinating Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, when controlling this embodiment to enter the first gear as shown in Fig. 5, as long as the gearshift motor 7 is controlled in conjunction with the angle information provided by the sensor 6, the gearshift can be made The drum 5 rotates to the correct position, thereby driving the shift fork 42 and the slider 41 of the clutch mechanism 4 to move toward the first gear 31 along a direction parallel to the axial direction of the output shaft 3 . At this time, as long as the sliding block 41 and the first gear 31 are surely coupled through the concave-convex mutual engagement mechanism, the input shaft 2 transmits the rotational kinetic energy to the first gear 31 via the first gear 21, then The transmission is transmitted to the output shaft 3 through the slider 41 fixed on the output shaft 3 , that is, the first gear position is successfully switched.

Referring to Fig. 8 to Fig. 10 at the same time, if the clutch mechanism 4 is actuated to switch from the first gear position to the second gear position, but the slider 41 is not accurately coupled to the second gear 32 as shown in Fig. 8 , So that when hitting a side 329 of the second gear 32, the axial movement of the outer cover 53 of the transmission drum 5 relative to the drum shaft 51 will push one of the retaining pieces 54, thereby making The springs 56 on the same side accumulate elastic restoring force. Therefore, even if the slider 41 is not accurately coupled to the second gear 32, the elastic restoring force can form a buffer mechanism, so that the slider 41 is temporarily positioned at the position attached to the second gear 32 until the second gear When the gear 32 rotates to a position that can be reliably coupled to the slider 41, the elastic restoring force can be released, so that the slider 41, as shown in FIG. Move towards the second gear 32 until it is coupled as shown in Figures 9 and 10, effectively preventing the slider 41 from colliding with the second gear 32. In addition to avoiding the abnormal sound generated by the collision between components, it can also This optimizes the smoothness of gear changes.

It is worth noting that, since the shifting operation and the clutch mechanism of this embodiment do not use any mechanism to limit the steering, so in addition to successfully completing the switch between the first gear position and the second gear position, no matter the slider 41 is switched to the first gear position and coupled with the first gear 31, or switched to the second gear position and coupled with the second gear 32, and can still run in reverse gear.

To sum up, in this embodiment of the speed change device of the electric vehicle of the present invention, when the clutch mechanism 4 is controlled by the speed change drum 5 to shift gears, the elastic restoring force accumulated by the springs 56 can be used to avoid collisions between the components. And because the shifting operation of this embodiment does not use any mechanism that limits steering, so no matter the slider 41 of the clutch mechanism 4 moves to the first gear position or the second gear position, it can still run in reverse gear. Therefore, can really reach the purpose of the present invention.

But what is described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. All simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. Within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.

2: Input shaft 20: Shaft body 21: First gear 22: Second gear 3: output shaft 30: shaft 31: first gear 32: second gear 329: side 4: clutch mechanism 41: Slider 42: Shift fork 5: Variable speed drum 51: drum shaft 510: square bolt slot 52: limit piece 53: Jacket 530: Inclined slot 531: Inner ring department 532: Outer Ring Department 533: bump part 54: Bracket 55: Positioning piece 56: Spring 57: Transmission gear 6: Perceptron 7: Shift motor 71: Drive gear 80:Frame unit 81: battery unit 82:Motor controller 9: Power motor

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the implementation manner with reference to the drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is an incomplete sectional view, illustrates the speed change mechanism of an existing electric vehicle; Fig. 2 is a side view, illustrating the position where one embodiment of the speed change device of the electric vehicle of the present invention is installed; Fig. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the appearance of this embodiment; Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional view, cooperates with Fig. 3 to illustrate the component composition of this embodiment; Fig. 5 is a sectional view, illustrates the situation that one of clutch mechanism of this embodiment operates and shift gear; Fig. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a transmission drum of this embodiment; Fig. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a cover of the transmission drum; Fig. 8 is a sectional view illustrating the situation in which the transmission drum operates to drive the clutch mechanism; Fig. 9 is a sectional view, cooperating with Fig. 5 to illustrate the action of one slide block of the clutch mechanism; and Fig. 10 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 8, illustrating the situation that the clutch mechanism is successfully shifted into gear by using the transmission drum.

2: Input shaft

20: Shaft body

21: First gear

22: Second gear

3: output shaft

30: shaft

31: first gear

32: second gear

4: clutch mechanism

41: Slider

42: Shift fork

5: Variable speed drum

51: drum shaft

53: Jacket

530: Inclined slot

54: Bracket

55: Positioning piece

56: spring

57: Transmission gear

6: Perceptron

7: Shift motor

71: Drive gear

Claims (10)

A transmission device for an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle includes a power motor, and the transmission device for the electric vehicle includes: An input shaft is suitable for connecting the power motor to introduce power, and includes a shaft, a first gear set on the shaft, and a second gear set on the shaft and spaced from the first gear. gear; An output shaft is used for interlocking with the input shaft, and includes a shaft, a gear set on the shaft and meshed with the first gear, and a gear set on the shaft and meshed with the second gear Engaged second gear; A clutch mechanism is arranged between the first gear and the second gear of the output shaft, and includes a clutch capable of moving between a gear position coupled with the first gear and a second gear coupled with the second gear. a slider, and a fork connected to the slider and used to drive the slider to move; a transmission drum, connected to the shift fork of the clutch mechanism, for rotating to drive the shift fork; A sensor is arranged at a distance from the speed change drum, and is used to detect the rotation angle of the speed change drum and output an angle information; and A shift motor, the information is connected to the sensor and connected to the transmission drum, and is used to control the rotation angle of the transmission drum by using the angle information. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the slider of the clutch mechanism is arranged on the output shaft. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein the transmission drum includes a drum shaft, two stoppers positioned on the drum shaft at a distance from each other along the axial direction of the drum shaft, and a set set on the drum shaft. The drum shaft and the outer sleeve that can move between the limiting parts along the axial direction of the drum shaft, and two stoppers that are sleeved on the drum shaft and are respectively located outside the limiting parts and can move along the axial direction of the drum shaft. piece, two positioning pieces set on the drum shaft and respectively located outside the blocking pieces, and two springs respectively arranged between the positioning pieces and the blocking pieces, the shift fork of the clutch mechanism is connected to The jacket of the speed change drum. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as described in claim 3, wherein the outer casing of the transmission drum has an inner ring part set on the drum shaft, and a ring connected to the radially outer side of the inner ring part and having an axial width greater than the The inner ring part is used to respectively push against the blocking pieces along the axial direction of the drum shaft to compress the outer ring part of the springs. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as described in claim 4, wherein the outer ring portion of the outer sleeve defines a radially recessed portion that surrounds a distance obliquely from one axial end to the other end, and is used for the clutch mechanism The inclined groove that this shift fork is accommodated. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as described in Claim 4, wherein the drum shaft of the transmission drum is formed with at least one square pin groove extending in the axial direction and recessed from the outside to the inside, and the outer sleeve also has at least one groove formed on the The inner ring part is used to locate the protrusion part of the at least one bolt groove. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the shift motor includes a drive gear, and the shift drum further includes a set of shift gears arranged on the drum shaft and meshed with the drive gear. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the limiting members of the transmission drum is a C-shaped buckle. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the limiting members of the transmission drum protrudes radially outward from the drum shaft. The transmission device for an electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shift motor is located relatively above the transmission drum.

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