TW202233844A - Aav衣殼及含有其之組成物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文提供一種新穎AAV衣殼及含有其之rAAV。
Description
本揭示係關於AAV衣殼及含有其之組成物。
腺相關病毒(adeno-associated virus,AAV)載體由於能夠提供長期基因表現和缺乏致病性,因而在人類基因治療中擁有廣闊前景,且在各種研究中已廣泛使用於靶向肝臟、肌肉、心臟、腦、眼睛、腎臟和其它組織。AAV屬於小病毒(parvovirus)家族,含有一單股DNA基因體,有兩個反向末端重複在側邊。已有報告數十種自然發生的AAV衣殼;它們獨特的衣殼結構使它們能夠辨識和轉導不同的細胞類型和器官。
自1981年開始的首次試驗以來,基於AAV載體的基因治療的臨床試驗中沒有報告過任何與載體有關的毒性。AAV載體在臨床試驗中不斷積累的安全性記錄,加上已證明的療效,顯示AAV係一有吸引力的平台。尤其,AAV容易操作,因為此病毒為具有單股DNA病毒,其基因體相對較小(~4.7 kb)且具有簡單的遺傳組件-反向末端重複(ITR)、
Rep和
Cap基因。AAV載體中只需要ITR和AAV衣殼蛋白質,ITR用作載體生產的複製和包裝訊息,且衣殼蛋白質藉由形成衣殼以容納載體基因體DNA和確定組織趨向性而發揮核心作用。
由於AAV的低免疫原性和非致病性,AAV為最有效的基因治療載體候選物。然而,儘管能夠有效的基因轉移,但目前在臨床中使用的AAV載體可因對病毒的預先存在的免疫力和受限制的組織趨性而受到阻礙。如此,需要另外的AAV載體。
於一態樣,本文提供一種重組腺相關病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus,rAAV),其包含衣殼及載體基因體,該載體基因體包含AAV 5’反向末端重複(ITR)、包含可操作地連結至表現控制序列之編碼基因產物的核酸序列的表現匣、及AAV 3’ ITR,其中該衣殼為:
(a)AAVrh75衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:40的核酸序列或與其至少99%相同且基於SEQ ID NO:40的編號在位置24具有Asn (N)胺基酸殘基的序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:40之一序列之SEQ ID NO:39的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:40之至少位置N57、N262、N384、及/或N512中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(b)AAVhu71/74衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:4之一序列之SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh71/74 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh71/74 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(c)AAVhu79衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:6的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:6之一序列之SEQ ID NO:5的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu79 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu79 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:6之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(d)AAVhu80衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:8的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:8之一序列之SEQ ID NO:7的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu80 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu80 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:8之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(e)AAVhu83衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:10的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:10之一序列之SEQ ID NO:9的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:10之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(f)AAVhu74/71衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:12的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:12之一序列之SEQ ID NO:11的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu74/71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu74/71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:12之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(g)AAVhu77衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:14的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:14之一序列之SEQ ID NO:12的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu77 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu77 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:14之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(h)AAVhu78/88衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:16的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:16之一序列之SEQ ID NO:15的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu78/88 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu78/88 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:16之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(i)AAVhu70衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:18的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:18之一序列之SEQ ID NO:17的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu70 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu70 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:18之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(j)AAVhu72衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:20的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:20之一序列之SEQ ID NO:19的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu72 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu72 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:20之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(k)AAVhu75衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:22的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:22之一序列之SEQ ID NO:21的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:22之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(l)AAVhu76衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:24的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:24之一序列之SEQ ID NO:23的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu76 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu76 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:24之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(m)AAVhu81衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:26的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:26之一序列之SEQ ID NO:25的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:26之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(n)AAVhu82衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:28的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:28之一序列之SEQ ID NO:27的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:28之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(o)AAVhu84衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:30的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:30之一序列之SEQ ID NO:28的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:30之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(p)AAVhu86衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:32的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:32之一序列之SEQ ID NO:31的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu86 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu86 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:32之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(q)AAVhu87衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:34的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:34之一序列之SEQ ID NO:33的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:34之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(r)AAVhu88/78衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:36的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:36之一序列之SEQ ID NO:35的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu88/78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu88/78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:36之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(s)AAVhu69衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:38的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:38之一序列之SEQ ID NO:37的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:38之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(t)AAVrh76衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:42的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:42之一序列之SEQ ID NO:41的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:42之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(u)AAVrh77衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:44的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:44之一序列之SEQ ID NO:43的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AVrh71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:44之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(v)AAVrh78衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:46的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:46之一序列之SEQ ID NO:45的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:45之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(w)AAVrh81衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:50的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:50之一序列之SEQ ID NO:49的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:50之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(x)AAVrh89衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:52的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:52之一序列之SEQ ID NO:51的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh89 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh89 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:52之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(y)AAVrh82衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:54的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:54之一序列之SEQ ID NO:53的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:54之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(z)AAVrh83衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:56的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:56之一序列之SEQ ID NO:55的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:56之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(aa)AAVrh84衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:58的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:58之一序列之SEQ ID NO:57的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:58之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(bb)AAVrh85衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:60的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:60之一序列之SEQ ID NO:59的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh85 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh85 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:60之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(cc)AAVrh87衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:62的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:62之一序列之SEQ ID NO:61的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:62之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(dd)AAVhu73衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:74的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:74之一序列之SEQ ID NO:73的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh73 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh73 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:74之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺。
於一態樣,本文提供一種醫藥組成物,其包含rAAV、及生理學上相容的載劑、緩衝劑、佐劑、及/或稀釋劑。
於一態樣,本文提供一種遞送轉基因至細胞之方法,該方法包含以如請求項1至5中任一項之rAAV與細胞接觸的步驟,其中該rAAV包含此轉基因。
於一態樣,本文提供一種生產包含AAV衣殼的重組腺相關病毒(rAAV)之方法,此方法包含培養宿主細胞,該宿主細胞含有:(a)編碼AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)之AAV vp1、vp2、及/或vp3衣殼蛋白質之分子、或編碼與SEQ ID NO:40、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38、42、44、46、50、52、54、56、58、60、62、或74之任一者共享至少99%同一性的AAV vp1、vp2、及/或vp3衣殼蛋白質之分子,(b)功能性rep基因;(c)包含AAV反向末端重複(ITR)及轉基因的載體基因體;及(d)充足的輔助功能以允許將載體基因體包裝至AAV衣殼蛋白質中。
於一態樣,本文提供一種質體,其包含AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:39)、AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:3)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:5)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:7)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:9)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:11)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:13)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:15)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:17)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:19)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:21)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:23)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:25)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:27)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:29)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:31)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:33)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:35)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:37)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:41)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:43)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:45)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:49)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:51)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:53)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:55)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:57)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:59)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:61)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:73)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列,或與SEQ ID NO:39、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27、29、31、33、35、37、41、43、45、49、51、53、55、57、59、61、或73之任一者共享至少95%同一性的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。於另一具體實施例,提供一種含有此種質體的經培養的宿主細胞。
於以下詳細說明中進一步描述此等組成物及方法之其它態樣及優點。
藉由使用AAV單基因體擴增(一種用於從病毒種群中準確單離出個別AAV基因體的技術),而探索AAV於其天然的哺乳動物宿主的遺傳變異(圖1)。本文描述者為從恆河獼猴組織中分離出新穎AAV序列,此等序列可被歸類為各種分支群(clade)。12個來自恆河獼猴組織的新穎AAV單離物可被歸類為分支群D、E、及含有AAVrh32.33的靈長類分支群外群。此外,來自人類組織的20個新穎AAV單離物可被歸類為分支群B及C,或分別類似於AAV2及AAV2-AAV3雜合體。
除非另有定義,否則本文所用的技術及科學術語具有與本發明所屬領域中具有通常知識者和參照公開文本所通常理解的相同含義,公開文本為本領域中具有通常知識者提供了本申請案中所使用之許多術語的一般指引。提供下列定義僅係為了清楚起見,並非意圖限制所請求的發明。
當提及核酸或其片段時,術語「實質同源性」或「實質相似性」表示當與另一核酸(或其互補股)的適當核苷酸插入或缺失進行最佳比對時,有比對序列中的至少約95%至99%的核苷酸序列同一性。較佳地,同源性為全長序列或其開放閱讀框,或長度至少為15個核苷酸的另一適合片段。本文描述適合的片段之例。
於核酸序列之上下文中,術語「序列同一性」、「百分比序列同一性」或「百分比相同」係指兩個序列中當比對以獲得最大對應性時其為相同。序列同一性比較之長度冀望可為整個基因體之全長、基因編碼序列之全長、或至少約500至5000個核苷酸之片段。然而,亦可冀望為較小片段中的同一性,例如至少約9個核苷酸,通常至少約20至24個核苷酸、至少約28至32個核苷酸、至少約36個或以上的核苷酸。同樣地,「百分比序列同一性」可容易地用於確定蛋白質全長或其片段的胺基酸序列。適合地,片段可為至少約8個胺基酸長且可多至約700個胺基酸。本文描述適合的片段之例。
當提及胺基酸或其片段時,術語「實質同源性」或「實質相似性」表示當與另一胺基酸(或其互補股)的適當胺基酸插入或缺失進行最佳比對時,有比對序列中的至少約95%至99%的胺基酸序列同一性。較佳地,同源性為全長序列、或其蛋白質,例如cap蛋白質、rep蛋白質、或其片段,其長度至少為8個胺基酸,或更佳地為至少15個胺基酸長。本文描述適合的片段之例。
術語「高度保留」意指至少 80%同一性,較佳至少90%同一性,更佳地,超過97%同一性。所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可藉由已知的算法及計算機程式而容易地確定同一性。
一般而言,當提及兩個不同腺相關病毒之間的「同一性」、「同源性」、或「相似性」時,參照「比對」序列來確定「同一性」、「同源性」、或「相似性」。「比對」序列或「比對」係指多個核酸序列或蛋白質(胺基酸)序列,與參考序列相比,通常含有缺失或增加的鹼基或胺基酸的校正。於示例中,使用公開的AAV9序列作為參考點進行AAV比對。使用多種公開或市售的多序列比對程式中的任何一種進行比對。此種程式之例包括「Clustal Omega」、「Clustal W」、「CAP Sequence Assembly」、「MAP」、及「MEME」,其可通過網際網路上的Web伺服器而容易取得。此種程式之其它來源為本項技術領域中具通常知識者所知悉。或者,亦可使用載體NTI應用程式。本領域中亦有許多可用於測量核苷酸序列同一性的算法,包括含於上述程式中的彼等者。作為另一例,可使用GCG版本6.1的程式Fasta™,而比較多核苷酸序列。Fasta™提供查詢序列及檢索序列之間最佳重疊區域的比對及百分比序列同一性。例如,核酸序列之間的序列同一性百分比可使用Fasta™及其內定參數(字長為6,得分矩陣的NOPAM因子)而確定,如GCG版本6.1中所提供,其藉由引用併入本文。多序列比對程式亦可用於胺基酸序列,例如,「Clustal Omega」、「Clustal X」、「MAP」、「PIMA」、「MSA」、「BLOCKMAKER」、「MEME」、及「Match-Box」程式。一般而言,儘管本項技術領域中具通常知識者可依需要改變此等設定,但此等程式之任一者皆可於預設下使用。或者,所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可利用另一種演算法或電腦程式,該演算法或電腦程式提供與所引用的演算法及程式所提供的至少同一性或比對水平。參見,例如,J. D. Thomson et al, Nucl. Acids. Res., “A comprehensive comparison of multiple sequence alignments”, 27(13):2682-2690 (1999)。
術語「AAV中間體」或「AAV載體中間體」係指缺少包裝在其中的所需基因體序列之經組裝的rAAV衣殼。此等亦稱為「空」衣殼。此種衣殼可不含有可偵測到的表現匣的基因體序列,或僅部分包裝的基因體序列,該部分包裝的基因體序列不足以完成基因產物表現。
「遺傳元件」包括任何核酸分子,例如,裸露的DNA、質體、噬菌體、轉位子、黏接質體、游離基因體(episome)、病毒等,其轉移其所攜帶的序列。可選擇地,此種遺傳元件可利用脂質系載劑。除非另有指明,遺傳元件可藉由任何適合的方法遞送,包括轉染、電穿孔、脂質體遞送、膜融合技術、高速DNA經包覆丸粒、病毒感染及原生質體融合。
rAAV生產用的「適合宿主細胞」為,已被工程化以含有一個或多個所需的rAAV生產元件(例如,袖珍基因(minigene)、rep序列、本文定義的AAVhu68工程化cap序列及/或輔助功能)的宿主細胞,及其後代。適合的宿主細胞可含有在誘導型啟動子控制下的所需組件。或者,所需組件可為在組成型啟動子的控制下。本文提供適合的誘導型及組成型啟動子之例,在下面討論適合與轉基因一起使用的調節元件。於另一個替代方案中,選擇的穩定宿主細胞可含有在組成型啟動子控制下的選擇的組件和在一個或多個誘導型啟動子控制下的其它選擇的組件。例如,可產生穩定的宿主細胞,其源自HEK 293細胞(含有在組成型啟動子控制下的E1輔助功能)、Huh7細胞、Vero細胞,在適當啟動子控制下工程化成含有輔助功能,其可選擇另含有在誘導型啟動子控制下的rep及/或cap蛋白質。所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可生產另外其它適合的宿主細胞。
如本文所使用,「表現匣」係指核酸分子,該核酸分子包含生物學上有用的核酸序列(例如,編碼蛋白質、酶或其它有用的基因產物的基因cDNA、mRNA等)且調節序列與其可操作連結而指導或調節核酸序列的轉錄、轉譯、及/或其基因產物的表現。
縮寫「sc」係指自互補。「自互補AAV」係指其中重組AAV核酸序列所攜帶的編碼區域已被設計以形成分子內雙股DNA模板的構築體。於感染時,scAAV的兩個互補部分將會聯合而形成一個準備用於立即的複製及轉錄之雙股DNA(dsDNA)單元,而不是等待細胞媒介的第二股的合成。參見,例如,D M McCarty et al, “Self-complementary recombinant adeno-associated virus (scAAV) vectors promote efficient transduction independently of DNA synthesis”, Gene Therapy, (2001年8月), Vol 8, Number 16, Pages 1248-1254。自互補AAV述於例如,U.S.專利號6,596,535;7,125,717;及7,456,683,其每一者藉由引用而完整併入本文。
如本文所使用,術語「可操作連結」係指與目標基因相鄰的表現控制序列及在反式或相距一距離下控制目標基因的表現控制序列。
當使用於所提及之蛋白質或核酸時,術語「異源的」該蛋白質或核酸包含在自然界中未發現彼此具有相同的關係的兩個或更多個序列或子序列。例如,核酸通常是重組產生的,具有二或多個來自無關基因的序列且被排列以產生新的功能性核酸。例如,於一具體實施例,該核酸具有來自一個基因的啟動子,其被安排以引導來自不同基因的編碼序列的表現。如此,參照編碼序列,該啟動子為異源的。
「複製缺陷型病毒」或「病毒載體」係指合成或人工病毒顆粒,其中含有目標基因的表現匣被包裝於病毒衣殼或封套中,其中亦包裝在病毒衣殼或封套內的任何病毒基因體序列為複製缺陷的;即,它們無法產生子代病毒粒子,但保留感染目標細胞的能力。於一具體實施例,病毒載體的基因體不包括編碼複製所需酶的基因(該基因體可被工程化為「無能力的(gutless)」-僅含有編碼兩側為擴增和包裝人工基因體所需的訊息的核酸序列),但此等基因可在生產過程中被提供。因此,由於除非存在複製所需的病毒酶,否則子代病毒顆粒的複製和感染不會發生,所以被認為於基因治療上安全。
於許多情況,rAAV顆粒被稱為DNase抗性。然而,除了此核酸內切酶(DNase)之外,於本文所述純化步驟中亦可使用其它核酸內切酶及核酸外切酶,以移除污染的核酸。此種核酸酶可被選擇以降解單股DNA及/或雙股DNA,以及RNA。此種步驟可含有單一核酸酶、或導向不同目標的核酸酶之混合物,且可為核酸內切酶或核酸外切酶。
術語「核酸酶-抗性」係指AAV衣殼已完全組裝於表現匣周圍,其被設計以遞送基因至宿主細胞並保護此等經包裝的基因體序列免於在被設計用以去除生產過程中可能存在的污染核酸之核酸酶培養步驟中被降解(消化)。
如本文所使用,「有效量」係指在目標細胞中遞送及表現一定量來自載體基因體的基因產物的rAAV組成物的量。有效量可基於動物模型確定,而不是人類患者。本文中描述適合的鼠模型之例。
於本發明之上下文中,術語「轉譯」係關於在核糖體上的一種程序,其中mRNA股控制胺基酸序列之組裝以生產蛋白質或肽。
如本文所使用,術語「一」(a、an)係指一或以上,例如,「一表現匣」應理解為代表一或多個表現匣。如此,術語「一」(a或an)、「一或以上」及「至少一」於本文中可互換使用。
如本文所使用,術語「約」意指與指定參考值有±10%的變動,除非另有指明。
儘管說明書中的多個具體實施例使用「包含」語句來呈現,但在其它情況下,相關具體實施例亦意圖使用「由…組成」或「實質上由…組成」語句來解釋和描述。
關於以下描述,意圖在本文所述的組成物每一者有用於本發明的方法之另一具體實施例。此外,亦意圖描述的組成物每一者有用於另一具體實施例之本發明之方法中,它本身為本發明之一具體實施例。
A. AAV 衣殼
編碼AAV衣殼的核酸包括三個重疊的編碼序列,由於不同的起始密碼子使用(codon usage)而長度不同。轉譯的蛋白質被稱為VP1、VP2及VP3,其中VP1最長,VP3最短。AAV顆粒由所有三種衣殼蛋白質組成,比例約為1:1:10(VP1: VP2: VP3)。在N端包含在VP1及VP2中的VP3,為建構顆粒的主要結構成分。衣殼蛋白質可使用幾種不同的編號系統來引述。為方便起見,如本文所使用,使用VP1編號以引述AAV序列,VP1編號從VP1的第一個殘基的aa 1開始。然而,本文所述衣殼蛋白質包括VP1、VP2及VP3(此處可與vp1、vp2及vp3互換使用)。
分支群 B
本文提供者為具有序列表中陳列的vp1序列之新穎AAV衣殼蛋白質:AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、或AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)。核苷酸及胺基酸對應於vp1、vp2及vp3的編號如下:
核苷酸 (nt)AAVhu72:SEQ ID NO:19之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu75:SEQ ID NO:21之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu79:SEQ ID NO:5之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu80:SEQ ID NO:7之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu81:SEQ ID NO:25之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu82:SEQ ID NO:27之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu83:SEQ ID NO:9之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu86:SEQ ID NO:31之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205。
胺基酸 (aa)AAVhu72:SEQ ID NO:20之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu75:SEQ ID NO:22之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu79:SEQ ID NO:6之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu80:SEQ ID NO:8之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu81:SEQ ID NO:26之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu82:SEQ ID NO:28之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu83:SEQ ID NO:10之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu86:SEQ ID NO:32之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735。
於某些具體實施例,本文提供者為rAAV,其包含AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、或AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)之任一者之vp1、vp2及vp3的至少一者。於某些具體實施例,提供一種具有衣殼蛋白質之rAAV,該衣殼蛋白質包含與AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、或AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。於某些具體實施例,相對於AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、或AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3,其vp1、vp2、及/或vp3具有至多1、至多2、至多3、至多4、至多5、至多6、至多7、至多8、至多9、或至多10個胺基酸不同。本文亦提供者為包含AAV衣殼之rAAV,該AAV衣殼經AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:19)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:21)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:5)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:7)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:25)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:27)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:9)、或AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:31)之vp1、vp2、vp3序列的至少一個編碼、或經與SEQ ID NO:19、21、5、7、25、27、9、或31有至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的序列編碼。於某些具體實施例,此序列編碼AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、或AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)之全長vp1、vp2及/或vp3。於其它具體實施例,vp1、vp2及/或vp3具有N端及/或C端截斷(例如,約1至約10個胺基酸的截斷)。
分支群 C
本文提供者為具有序列表中陳列的vp1序列之新穎AAV衣殼蛋白質:AAVrh81(SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、hu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、或AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)。核苷酸及胺基酸對應於vp1、vp2及vp3的編號如下:
核苷酸 (nt)AAVrh81:SEQ ID NO:49之vp1- nt 1至2217;vp2- nt 412至2217;vp3- nt 619至2217;
AAVhu71.74:SEQ ID NO:3之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu73:SEQ ID NO:73之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu74.71:SEQ ID NO:11之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu77:SEQ ID NO:13之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu78.88:SEQ ID NO:15之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu70:SEQ ID NO:17之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu76:SEQ ID NO:23之vp1- nt 1至2202;vp2- nt 412至2202;vp3- nt 607至2202;
AAVhu84:SEQ ID NO:29之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu87:SEQ ID NO:33之vp1- nt 1至2202;vp2- nt 412至2202;vp3- nt 607至2202;
AAVhu88.78:SEQ ID NO:35之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205;
AAVhu69:SEQ ID NO:37之vp1- nt 1至2205;vp2- nt 412至2205;vp3- nt 607至2205。
胺基酸 (aa)AAVrh81:SEQ ID NO:50之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 207至739;
AAVhu71.74:SEQ ID NO:4之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu73:SEQ ID NO:74之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu74.71:SEQ ID NO:12之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu77:SEQ ID NO:14之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu78.88:SEQ ID NO:16之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu70:SEQ ID NO:18之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu76:SEQ ID NO:24之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至734;
AAVhu84:SEQ ID NO:30之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu87:SEQ ID NO:34之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至734;
AAVhu88.78:SEQ ID NO:36之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735;
AAVhu69:SEQ ID NO:38之aa vp1-1至735;vp2-aa 138至735;vp3-aa 203至735。
於某些具體實施例,本文提供者為rAAV,其包含AAVrh81(SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、hu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、或AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)之任一者之vp1、vp2及vp3的至少一者。於某些具體實施例,提供一種具有衣殼蛋白質之rAAV,該衣殼蛋白質包含與AAVrh81(SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、hu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、或AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。於某些具體實施例,相對於AAVrh81(SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、hu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、或AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3,其vp1、vp2、及/或vp3具有至多1、至多2、至多3、至多4、至多5、至多6、至多7、至多8、至多9、或至多10個胺基酸不同。本文亦提供者為包含AAV衣殼之rAAV,該AAV衣殼經AAVrh81(SEQ ID NO:49)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:3)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:73)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:11)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:13)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:15)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:17)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:23)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:29)、hu87 (SEQ ID NO:33)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:35)、或AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:37)之vp1、vp2、vp3序列的至少一個編碼、或經與SEQ ID NO:49、3、73、11、13、15、17、23、29、33、35、或37有至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的序列編碼。於某些具體實施例,此序列編碼AAVrh81(SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、hu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、或AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)之全長vp1、vp2及/或vp3。於其它具體實施例,vp1、vp2及/或vp3具有N端及/或C端截斷(例如,約1至約10個胺基酸的截斷)。
分支群 D
本文提供者為具有序列表中陳列的vp1序列之新穎AAV衣殼蛋白質:AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、或AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)。核苷酸及胺基酸對應於vp1、vp2及vp3的編號如下:
核苷酸 (nt)AAVrh76:SEQ ID NO:41之vp1- nt 1至2211;vp2- nt 412至2211;vp3- nt 610至2211;
AAVrh89:SEQ ID NO:51之vp1- nt 1至2184;vp2- nt 412至2184;vp3- nt 595至2184;
AAVrh85:SEQ ID NO:59之vp1- nt 1至2211;vp2- nt 412至2211;vp3- nt 610至2211;
AAVrh87:SEQ ID NO:61之vp1- nt 1至2211;vp2- nt 412至2211;vp3- nt 610至2211。
胺基酸 (aa)AAVrh76:SEQ ID NO:42之aa vp1-1至737;vp2-aa 138至737;vp3-aa 204至737;
AAVrh89:SEQ ID NO:52之aa vp1-1至728;vp2-aa 138至728;vp3-aa 199 to 728;
AAVrh85:SEQ ID NO:60之aa vp1-1至737;vp2-aa 138至737;vp3-aa 204至737;
AAVrh87:SEQ ID NO:62之aa vp1-1至737;vp2-aa 138至737;vp3-aa 204至737。
於某些具體實施例,本文提供者為rAAV,其包含AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、或AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)之任一者之vp1、vp2及vp3的至少一者。於某些具體實施例,提供一種具有衣殼蛋白質之rAAV,該衣殼蛋白質包含與AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、或AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。於某些具體實施例,相對於AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、或AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3,其vp1、vp2、及/或vp3具有至多1、至多2、至多3、至多4、至多5、至多6、至多7、至多8、至多9、或至多10個胺基酸不同。本文亦提供者為包含AAV衣殼之rAAV,該AAV衣殼經AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:39)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:41)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:51)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:59)、或AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:61)之vp1、vp2、vp3序列的至少一個編碼、或經與SEQ ID NO:39、41、51、59、或61有至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的序列編碼。於某些具體實施例,此序列編碼AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、或AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)之全長vp1、vp2及/或vp3。於其它具體實施例,vp1、vp2及/或vp3具有N端及/或C端截斷(例如,約1至約10個胺基酸的截斷)。
分支群 E
本文提供者為具有序列表中陳列的vp1序列之新穎AAV衣殼蛋白質:AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、或AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)。核苷酸及胺基酸對應於vp1、vp2及vp3的編號如下:
核苷酸 (nt)AAVrh75:SEQ ID NO:39之vp1- nt 1至2208;vp2- nt 412至2208;vp3- nt 607至2208;
AAVrh79:SEQ ID NO:47之vp1- nt 1至2214;vp2- nt 412至2214;vp3- nt 610至2214;
AAVrh83:SEQ ID NO:55之vp1- nt 1至2211;vp2- nt 412至2211;vp3- nt 610至2211;
AAVrh84:SEQ ID NO:57之vp1- nt 1至2211;vp2- nt 412至2211;vp3- nt 610至2211。
胺基酸 (aa)AAVrh75:SEQ ID NO:40之aa vp1-1至736;vp2-aa 138至736;vp3-aa 203至736;
AAVrh79:SEQ ID NO:48之aa vp1-1至738;vp2-aa 138至738;vp3-aa 204至738;
AAVrh83:SEQ ID NO:56之aa vp1-1至737;vp2-aa 138至737;vp3-aa 204至737;
AAVrh84:SEQ ID NO:58之aa vp1-1至737;vp2-aa 138至737;vp3-aa 204至737。
於某些具體實施例,本文提供者為rAAV,其包含AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、或AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)之任一者之vp1、vp2及vp3的至少一者。於某些具體實施例,提供一種具有衣殼蛋白質之rAAV,該衣殼蛋白質包含與AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、或AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。於某些具體實施例,相對於AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、或AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3,其vp1、vp2、及/或vp3具有至多1、至多2、至多3、至多4、至多5、至多6、至多7、至多8、至多9、或至多10個胺基酸不同。本文亦提供者為包含AAV衣殼之rAAV,該AAV衣殼經AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:47)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:55)、或AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:57)之vp1、vp2、vp3序列的至少一個編碼、或經與SEQ ID NO:47、55、或57有至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的序列編碼。於某些具體實施例,此序列編碼AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、或AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)之全長vp1、vp2及/或vp3。於其它具體實施例,vp1、vp2及/或vp3具有N端及/或C端截斷(例如,約1至約10個胺基酸的截斷)。
「邊緣分支群(Fringe Clade)」外群
本文提供者為具有序列表中陳列的vp1序列之新穎AAV衣殼蛋白質:AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、或AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)。核苷酸及胺基酸對應於vp1、vp2及vp3的編號如下:
核苷酸 (nt)AAVrh77:SEQ ID NO:43之vp1- nt 1至2199;vp2- nt 412至2199;vp3- nt 589至2199;
AAVrh78:SEQ ID NO:45之vp1- nt 1至2199;vp2- nt 412至2199;vp3- nt 589至2199;
AAVrh82:SEQ ID NO:53之vp1- nt 1至2199;vp2- nt 412至2199;vp3- nt 589至2199。
胺基酸 (aa)AAVrh77:SEQ ID NO:44之aa vp1-1至733;vp2-aa 138至733;vp3-aa 197至733;
AAVrh78:SEQ ID NO:46之aa vp1-1至733;vp2-aa 138至733;vp3-aa 197至733;
AAVrh82:SEQ ID NO:82之aa vp1-1至733;vp2-aa 138至733;vp3-aa 197至733。
於某些具體實施例,本文提供者為rAAV,其包含AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、或AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)之任一者之vp1、vp2及vp3的至少一者。於某些具體實施例,提供一種具有衣殼蛋白質之rAAV,該衣殼蛋白質包含與AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、或AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。於某些具體實施例,相對於AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、或AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3,其vp1、vp2、及/或vp3具有至多1、至多2、至多3、至多4、至多5、至多6、至多7、至多8、至多9、或至多10個胺基酸不同。 本文亦提供者為包含AAV衣殼之rAAV,該AAV衣殼經AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:43)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:45)、或AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:53)之vp1、vp2、vp3序列的至少一個編碼、或經與SEQ ID NO:43、45、53有至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%相同的序列編碼。於某些具體實施例,vp1, vp2及/或vp3為AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、或AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)之全長衣殼蛋白質。於其它具體實施例,vp1、vp2及/或vp3具有N端及/或C端截斷(例如,約1至約10個胺基酸的截斷)。
「重組AAV」或「rAAV」為一種DNAse抗性病毒顆粒,含有AAV衣殼及載體基因體二個元件,該載體基因體含有至少包裝在AAV衣殼內的非AAV編碼序列。除非另有說明,否則此術語可與短語「rAAV載體」互換使用。rAAV為一種「複製缺陷型病毒」或「病毒載體」,因為其缺少任何功能性AAV rep基因或功能性AAV cap基因且不能產生子代。於某些具體實施例,唯一的AAV序列為AAV反向末端重複序列(ITR),通常位於載體基因體的5'和3'末端,以便使位於ITR之間的基因和調節序列包裝在AAV衣殼內。
如本文所使用,「載體基因體」係指包裝在形成病毒顆粒的rAAV衣殼內部的核酸序列。此種核酸序列含有AAV反向末端重複序列(ITR)。於本文之例中,載體基因體由5’至3’含有(最低限度)AAV 5’ ITR、編碼序列及AAV 3’ ITR。可選擇ITR來自AAV2(不同於衣殼之不同來源AAV),或除全長ITR以外的ITR。於某些具體實施例,ITR係來自與生產過程中提供rep功能的AAV相同的AAV來源或反式互補AAV。再者,可使用其它ITR。F此外,載體基因體含有指導基因產物表現的調節序列,於本文中更詳細地討論載體基因體的適當成分。載體基因體在本文中有時稱「袖珍基因」。
rAAV係由AAV衣殼及載體基因體所構成。AAV衣殼為vp1之異源族群、vp2之異源族群、及vp3之蛋白質異源族群的組裝體。如本文所使用,當用於指vp衣殼蛋白質,術語「異源」或其任何語法的變化,係指由不同要素組成的族群,例如,具有具不同修飾的胺基酸序列之vp1、vp2或vp3單體(蛋白質)。
如本文所使用,與vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質(亦稱為同功型)結合使用的術語「異源族群」係指衣殼內vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質的胺基酸序列的差異。AAV衣殼包含具有來自預測的胺基酸殘基的修飾之vp1蛋白質內、vp2蛋白質內及vp3蛋白質內的亞群(subpopulation)。此等亞群至少包括某些脫醯胺的天冬醯胺酸(N或Asn)殘基。例如,某些亞群包含天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對中的至少一、二、三或四個高度脫醯胺的天冬醯胺酸(N)位置及可選擇進一步包含其它脫醯胺的胺基酸,其中該脫醯胺化造成胺基酸改變及其它可選擇的修飾。
如本文所使用,vp蛋白質之「亞群」係指一組蛋白質,其具有至少一個共同的定義特徵,且由至少一組成員至少於參考組的所有成員所組成,除非另有指明。例如,vp1蛋白質之「亞群」可為組裝的AAV衣殼中的至少一(1)個vp1蛋白質且少於所有vp1蛋白質,除非另有指明。vp3蛋白質的「亞群」可為組裝的AAV衣殼中的一(1)個vp3蛋白質到少於所有vp3蛋白質,除非另有指明。例如,vp1蛋白質可為vp蛋白質之亞群;vp2蛋白質可為vp蛋白質之單獨亞群,及vp3為於組裝的AAV衣殼中的vp蛋白質之又另一亞群。於另一例中,vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質可含有具有不同的修飾的亞群,例如,至少一、二、三或四個高度脫醯胺的天冬醯胺酸,例如,於天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對。
除非另有規定,高度脫醯胺係指當與於參考胺基酸位置的預測的胺基酸序列比較,於參考的胺基酸位置上有至少45%脫醯胺、至少50%脫醯胺、至少60%脫醯胺、至少65%脫醯胺、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少97%、至少99%、或至多約100%脫醯胺。此種百分比可使用2D膠體、質譜技術或其它適合的技術來確定。
不希望受理論束縛,咸信AAV衣殼中的vp蛋白質中至少高度脫醯胺的殘基之脫醯胺化本質上主要為非酶性質的,由衣殼蛋白質中將所選擇的天冬醯胺酸脫醯胺化的官能團引起及在較小程度上由麩醯胺殘基引起。大多數脫醯胺化vp1蛋白質的有效衣殼組裝指出此等事件發生於衣殼組裝後,或者個別單體(vp1、vp2或vp3)中的脫醯胺化在結構上具有良好的耐受性,並且在很大程度上不會影響組裝動力。VP1-獨特(VP1-u)區(〜aa 1-137)中的廣泛脫醯胺化通常被認為在細胞進入之前位於內部,暗示VP脫醯胺化可能發生在衣殼組裝之前。
不欲受限於理論,N的脫醯胺化可通過其C-末端殘基的骨架氮原子對Asn的側鏈醯胺基碳原子進行親核攻擊。咸信會形成一個中間體閉環的琥珀醯亞胺殘基。然後此琥珀醯亞胺殘基進行快速水解以產生最終產物天冬胺酸(Asp)或異天冬胺酸(IsoAsp)。因此,於某些具體實施例,天冬醯胺酸(N或Asn)的脫醯胺化會導致Asp或IsoAsp,其可通過琥珀醯亞胺中間體相互轉化,例如,如下說明。
如本文所提供,VP1、VP2或VP3中各脫醯胺的N可獨立地為天冬胺酸(Asp)、異天冬胺酸(isoAsp)、天冬胺酸鹽、及/或Asp及isoAsp之互變共混物、或其組合。可存在α-及異天冬胺酸之任何適合的比率。例如,於某些具體實施例,該比率可為由10:1至1:10天冬胺酸對異天冬胺酸,約50:50天冬胺酸:異天冬胺酸,或約1:3天冬胺酸:異天冬胺酸,或其它選擇的比率。
於某些具體實施例,一或多個麩醯胺(Q)可脫醯胺為麩胺酸(Glu),即,α-麩胺酸、γ-麩胺酸(Glu)、或α-及γ-麩胺酸之摻混,其可通過共同的戊二醯亞胺中間體相互轉化。可存在α-及γ-麩胺酸之任何適合的比率。例如,於某些具體實施例,該比率可為由10:1至1:10之α對γ,約50:50之α:γ、或約1:3之α:γ、或其它選擇的比率。
如此,rAAV包括具有脫醯胺胺基酸的vp1、vp2及/或vp3蛋白質的rAAV衣殼內的亞群,其至少包括,包含至少一種高度脫醯胺的天冬醯胺酸的至少一個亞群。此外,其它修飾可包括異構化,特別於選擇的天冬胺酸(D或Asp)殘基位置上。於再其它具體實施例,修飾可包括在Asp位置上的醯胺化。
於某些具體實施例,AAV衣殼含有具有至少1、至少2、至少3、至少4、至少5至至少約25個脫醯胺的胺基酸殘基位置的vp1、vp2及vp3之亞群,其中當與vp蛋白質的經編碼胺基酸序列相比時,至少1至10%、至少10至25%、至少25至50%、至少50至70%、至少70至100%、至少75至100%、至少80-100%或至少90-100%被脫醯胺化。此等中的大部分可為N殘基。然而,Q殘基亦可被脫醯胺化。
如本文所使用,「經編碼的胺基酸序列」係指基於被轉譯為胺基酸的參考核酸序列之已知DNA密碼子的轉譯而預測的胺基酸。下表舉例說明DNA密碼子及二十種常見胺基酸,顯示單一字母代碼(SLC)和三字母代碼(3LC)。
胺基酸 | SLC | 3 LC | DNA密碼子 |
異白胺酸 | I | Ile | ATT、ATC、ATA |
白胺酸 | L | Leu | CTT、CTC、CTA、CTG、TTA、TTG |
纈胺酸 | V | Val | GTT、GTC、GTA、GTG |
苯丙胺酸 | F | Phe | TTT、TTC |
甲硫胺酸 | M | Met | ATG |
半胱胺酸 | C | Cys | TGT、TGC |
丙胺酸 | A | Ala | GCT、GCC、GCA、GCG |
甘胺酸 | G | Gly | GGT、GGC、GGA、GGG |
脯胺酸 | P | Pro | CCT、CCC、CCA、CCG |
蘇胺酸 | T | Thr | ACT、ACC、ACA、ACG |
絲胺酸 | S | Ser | TCT、TCC、TCA、TCG、AGT、AGC |
酪胺酸 | Y | Tyr | TAT、TAC |
色胺酸 | W | Trp | TGG |
麩醯胺酸 | Q | Gln | CAA、CAG |
天冬醯胺酸 | N | Asn | AAT、AAC |
組胺酸 | H | His | CAT、CAC |
麩胺酸 | E | Glu | GAA、GAG |
天冬胺酸 | D | Asp | GAT、GAC |
離胺酸 | K | Lys | AAA、AAG |
精胺酸 | R | Arg | CGT、CGC、CGA、CGG、AGA、AGG |
終止密碼子 | 終止 | TAA、TAG、TGA |
於某些具體實施例,rAAV具有具vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之AAV衣殼,該蛋白質具有包含於本文所提供的表中所列位置的二、三、四、五個或以上脫醯胺殘基之組合的亞群,且藉由引用併入本文。
於rAAV中脫醯胺化可使用2D膠體電泳、及/或質譜分析、及/或蛋白質模擬(protein modelling)技術確定。線上層析可與Acclaim PepMap管柱及Thermo UltiMate 3000 RSLC系統(Thermo Fisher Scientific)連接具NanoFlex源的Q Exactive HF Thermo Fisher Scientific)而進行。MS數據係使用Q Exactive HF的依賴於數據的top-20方法所獲取,可從勘測掃描(200–2000 m/z)中動態選擇最豐富的尚未定序的前驅物離子。經由較高能量的碰撞解離片段進行定序,並以預測性自動增益控制確定目標值1e5離子,以4 m/z的窗口進行前驅物分離。以m/z 200時的解析度為120,000獲得勘測掃描。在m/z200時,HCD光譜的解析度可設置為30,000,最大離子注入時間為50 ms,歸一化碰撞能量為30。S-lens RF水平可以設置為50,以使達到胜肽自消化物中佔據的m/z區域之最佳透射率。可以從片段化選擇中排除具有單個、未分配或六個或更高電荷狀態的前驅物離子。BioPharma Finder 1.0軟體(Thermo Fischer Scientific)可用於分析所獲取的數據。對於胜肽圖譜(peptide mapping),使用單輸入蛋白質FASTA數據庫進行搜索,其中胺甲醯甲基化設置為固定修飾;將氧化、脫醯胺化及磷酸化設置為可變修飾,質量精度為10ppm,高蛋白酶特異性,MS/MS光譜的信賴度為0.8。適合的蛋白酶之例可以包括例如胰蛋白酶或胰凝乳蛋白酶。脫醯胺胜肽的質譜鑑定相對簡單,因脫醯胺化增加完整分子的質量+0.984 Da(-OH及–NH
2基團之間的質量差)。特定胜肽的脫醯胺化百分比由脫醯胺胜肽的質量面積除以脫醯胺與天然胜肽的面積之和而確定。考慮到可能的脫醯胺化位的數目,在不同位置脫醯胺的同量異位物種(isobaric species)可能在一個峰中共遷移。因此,源自具有多個潛在脫醯胺位點的胜肽的片段離子可用於定位或區分多個脫醯胺位。於此等情形,觀察到的同位素圖譜內的相對強度可用於特異性確定不同的脫醯胺胜肽異構物的相對豐度。此方法假定所有異構物的片段化效率相同,且在脫醯胺化位點上是獨立的。本項技術領域中具通常知識者應理解,可使用此等說明性方法的多種變型。例如,適合的質譜儀可包括例如四極飛行時間質譜儀(QTOF),諸如Waters Xevo或Agilent 6530或軌道儀器,諸如Orbitrap Fusion或Orbitrap Velos(Thermo Fisher)。適合的液相層析系統包括:例如,來自Waters或Agilent系統(1100或1200系列)之Acquity UPLC系統。適合的資料分析軟體可包括,例如,MassLynx(Waters)、Pinpoint及 Pepfinder(Thermo Fischer Scientific)、Mascot(Matrix Science)、Peaks DB(Bioinformatics Solutions)。亦可描述其它技術,例如,X. Jin et al, Hu Gene Therapy Methods, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 255-267,2017年6月16日線上發表。
除了脫醯胺化之外,可發生其它修飾而不會導致一個胺基酸轉換為不同的胺基酸殘基。此種修飾可以包括乙醯化殘基、異構化、磷酸化或氧化。
脫醯胺化的調節:於某些具體實施例,修飾AAV以改變天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對中的甘胺酸,以減少脫醯胺化。於其它具體實施例,將天冬醯胺酸改變為不同的胺基酸,例如以較慢的速度脫醯胺的麩醯胺;或改變為缺少醯胺基的胺基酸(例如,含有醯胺基的麩醯胺及天冬醯胺酸);及/或改變為缺少胺基的胺基酸(例如含有胺基的離胺酸、精胺酸及組胺酸)。如本文所使用,缺少醯胺或胺側鏈的胺基酸係指例如,甘胺酸、丙胺酸、纈胺酸、白胺酸、異白胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、胱胺酸、苯基丙胺酸、酪胺酸、或色胺酸、及/或脯胺酸。諸如所述的修飾可為於編碼的AAV胺基酸序列中發現的一、二或三個天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對中。於某些具體實施例,在所有四個天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對中沒有進行此種修飾。如此,用於減少具有較低脫醯胺化率的AAV及/或工程化AAV變異體的脫醯胺化的方法。另外,或替代地,可以將一種或多種其它醯胺胺基酸改變為非醯胺胺基酸以減少AAV的脫醯胺化。於某些具體實施例,本文所述的突變體AAV衣殼含有天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對中的突變,使得甘胺酸改變為丙胺酸或絲胺酸。突變體AAV衣殼可含有一個、兩個或三個突變,其中參考AAV天然地含有四個NG對。於某些具體實施例,AAV衣殼可含有一個、兩個、三個或四個此種突變,其中參考AAV天然地含有五個NG對。於某些具體實施例,於某些具體實施例,突變體AAV衣殼在NG對中僅包含單個突變。於某些具體實施例,突變體AAV衣殼含有兩個不同NG對中的突變。於某些具體實施例,突變體AAV衣殼含有兩個不同的NG對的突變,其位於AAV衣殼中結構上分開的位置。於某些具體實施例,該突變並未位於VP1-獨特區域。於某些具體實施例,突變之一者位於VP1-獨特區域。可選擇地,突變體AAV衣殼不含於NG對中的修飾,但含有突變以最小化或消除位於NG對之外的一個或多個天冬醯胺酸或麩醯胺中的脫醯胺化。
於某些具體實施例,提供一種增加rAAV載體效力的方法,該方法包括工程化AAV衣殼,其消除了野生型AAV衣殼中的一個或多個NG。於某些具體實施例,「NG」之「G」的編碼序列被工程化成編碼另一胺基酸。於下列某些例,「S」或「A」被取代。然而,可選擇其它適合的胺基酸編碼序列。
胺基酸修飾可藉由常規遺傳工程技術進行,例如,可產生含有經修飾的AAV vp密碼子的核酸序列,其中天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對中編碼甘胺酸的一至三個密碼子被修飾以編碼甘胺酸以外的胺基酸。於某些具體實施例,含有經修飾的天冬醯胺酸密碼子的核酸序列可在天冬醯胺酸-甘胺酸對中的一至三處工程化,使得經修飾的密碼子編碼除天冬醯胺酸之外的胺基酸。每個修飾的密碼子可編碼不同的胺基酸。或者,一或多個經改變的密碼子可編碼相同的胺基酸。於某些具體實施例,此等經修飾的核酸序列可用於產生具有比天然AAV3B變異體衣殼更低脫醯胺化衣殼的突變體rAAV。此類突變體rAAV可具有降低的免疫原性及/或提高儲存穩定性,特別是以懸浮形式儲存。
本文亦提供者為編碼具有減少的脫醯胺之AAV衣殼的核酸序列。設計編碼此AAV衣殼的核酸序列係於本領域技術範圍內,包括DNA(基因體或cDNA)或RNA(例如mRNA)。此類核酸序列可以針對在選擇的系統(即,細胞類型)中的表現進行密碼子優化並且可藉由各種方法設計。可使用可於線上取得的方法(例如,GeneArt)、公開的方法或提供密碼子優化服務的公司(例如,DNA2.0(Menlo Park, CA))而進行此優化。一種密碼子優化方法描述於例如國際專利公開案號WO 2015/012924者,其藉由引用將其完整內容併入本文。亦參見,例如,美國專利公開案號2014/0032186及美國專利公開案號2006/0136184。適合地,產物的開讀框(ORF)的整個長度被修飾。然而,於一些具體實施例,可改變ORF之僅一片段。藉由使用此等方法之一者,可將頻率應用於任何給定的多肽序列,並產生編碼該多肽的密碼子優化的編碼區域的核酸片段。許多選項可用於進行對密碼子的實際更改或用於合成如本文所述設計的密碼子優化編碼區域。可使用所屬技術領域中具通常知識者眾所周知的標準及常規分子生物學操作來進行此類修飾或合成。於一途徑,藉由標準方法合成各自的長度為80-90個核苷酸並跨越所需序列的長度之一系列互補的寡核苷酸對。合成此等寡核苷酸對,經過黏合(anneal),它們形成80-90個鹼基對的雙股片段,其含有黏性末端,例如,對中的每個寡核苷酸被合成以延伸3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10個或更多個鹼基,該鹼基超出與該對中另一個寡核苷酸互補的區域。每對寡核苷酸的單股末端被設計為與另一對寡核苷酸的單股末端黏合。允許寡核苷酸對黏合,然後使此等雙股片段中的大約五至六個經由黏性的單股末端一起黏合,然後它們一起連結並被選殖至標準細菌選殖載體,例如,可獲自Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif的TOPO®載體。然後藉由標準方法定序此構築體。製備此等構築體中的數個,此等構築體由連接在一起的80至90個鹼基對片段的5至6個片段所組成,即由約500個鹼基對的片段所組成,如此使得整個所需序列在一系列質體構築體中表示。然後將此等質體的插入物以適當的限制酶切開,並連接在一起以形成最終構築體。然後將最終構築體選殖至標準細菌選殖載體,並定序。其它的方法對於所屬技術領域中具通常知識者為顯而易見的。此外,基因合成可容易地由市場上取得。
於某些具體實施例,提供的AAV衣殼具有含有多個高度脫醯胺的「NG」位置之AAV衣殼同功型(即,VP1、VP2、VP3)的異源族群。於某些具體實施例,參考預測的全長VP1胺基酸序列,高度脫醯胺的位置位於以下確定的位置。於其它具體實施例,衣殼基因被修飾,使得參考的「NG」被切除,並將突變體「NG」工程化至另一位置。
B. rAAV 載體及組成物
於一態樣,本文提供者為利用本文描述的AAV衣殼序列(包括其片段)生產病毒載體的分子,該病毒載體有用於將異源基因或其它核酸序列遞送至目標細胞。於某些具體實施例,提供的rAAV具有如本文所述的衣殼,且具有包裝於此衣殼中的包含非AAV 核酸序列的載體基因體。於某些具體實施例,有用於本文所述的組成物及方法的載體至少含有編碼如本文所述之所選擇的AAV衣殼的載體,此等衣殼例如為,AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)、AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)衣殼、或其片段,包括vp1、vp2、或vp3衣殼蛋白質。於某些具體實施例,有用的載體至少含有編碼選擇的AAV血清型rep蛋白質的序列或其片段。可選擇地,此種載體可含有AAV cap及rep蛋白質兩者。於載體,其中提供AAV
rep及
cap兩者,AAV
rep及AAV
cap序列可兩者皆為一種血清型來源,例如,皆AAVhu71/74、AAVhu79、AAVhu80、AAVhu83、AAVhu74/71、AAVhu77、AAVhu78/88、AAVhu70、AAVhu72、AAVhu75、AAVhu76、AAVhu81、AAVhu82、AAVhu84、AAVhu86、AAVhu87、AAVhu88/78、AAVhu69、AAVrh75、AAVrh76、AAVrh77、AAVrh78、AAVrh79、AAVrh81、AAVrh89、AAVrh82、AAVrh83、AAVrh84、AAVrh85、AAVrh87、或AAVhu73來源。或者,可使用其中rep序列來自與提供cap序列的野生型AAV不同的AAV的載體,例如,與提供ITR及
rep相同的AAV。
於一具體實施例,
rep及
cap序列表現自個別的來源(例如,個別的載體、或宿主細胞及載體)。於另一具體實施例,此等
rep序列與不同AAV血清型的cap序列在框內融合以形成嵌合AAV載體,如美國專利號7,282,199中描述的AAV2/8,其藉由引用併入本文。可選擇地,載體進一步含有袖珍基因,該袖珍基因包含選擇的轉基因,該轉基因兩側為AAV 5' ITR及AAV 3' ITR。於另一具體實施例,AAV為自互補AAV (sc-AAV)(參見,US 2012/0141422,其藉由引用併入本文)。自互補載體包裝一反向重複基因體,該基因體可折疊成dsDNA,而無需DNA合成或多個載體基因體之間的鹼基配對。因為scAAV不須於表現之前將單股DNA(ssDNA)基因體轉化成為雙股DNA(dsDNA),scAAV為更有效率的載體。然而,此效率的代價係載體之一半編碼能力的喪失,ScAAV有用於小蛋白質-編碼基因(至多~55 kd)及目前可使用之基於RNA的療法。
其中一種AAV之衣殼以異源衣殼蛋白質替代的假型載體於此處為有用的。例如,利用如本文所述的AAVhu71/74、AAVhu79、AAVhu80、AAVhu83、AAVhu74/71、AAVhu77、AAVhu78/88、AAVhu70、AAVhu72、AAVhu75、AAVhu76、AAVhu81、AAVhu82、AAVhu84、AAVhu86、AAVhu87、AAVhu88/78、AAVhu69、AAVrh75、AAVrh76、AAVrh77、AAVrh78、AAVrh79、AAVrh81、AAVrh89、AAVrh82、AAVrh83、AAVrh84、AAVrh85、AAVrh87、或AAVhu73衣殼的AAV載體,具有AAV2 ITRs。參見,Mussolini et al.。除非另有指明,AAV ITRs、及本文所述之其它選擇的AAV組分,可個別選自任何AAV血清型,包括但未限於AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9或其它已知及未知的AAV血清型。於一理想的具體實施例,使用AAV血清型2之ITR。然而,可選擇來自其它適合血清型的ITRs。此等ITRs或其它AAV組分可為使用本領域技術人員可用的技術自一AAV血清型容易地單離。此種AAV可自學術、商業或公共資源(例如,美國典型培養物保藏中心(the American Type Culture Collection), Manassas, VA)單離或獲得。或者,AAV序列可通過合成或其它適合的方式藉由參考公開的序列而獲得,例如可在文獻或資料庫中獲得的序列,諸如例如,GenBank、PubMed等。
本文提供的rAAV包含載體基因體。載體基因體至少由下列組成:如下文描述的非AAV或異源的核酸序列(例如,轉基因)、調節序列、及5’和3’ AAV反向末端重複(ITR)。正是這種袖珍基因被包裝於衣殼蛋白質中並被遞送到選擇的目標細胞或目標組織。
轉基因為與轉基因兩側的載體序列異源的核酸序列,此轉基因編碼感興趣的多肽、蛋白質或其它產物。核酸編碼序列係以在目標細胞中允許轉基因轉錄、轉譯及/或表現的方式與調節組件可操作地連接。異源核酸序列(轉基因)可衍生自任何有機體。AAV可包含一或多個轉基因。
如本文所使用,術語「目標細胞」及「目標組織」可指意圖被受試者轉導AAV載體的任何細胞或組織。此術語可指肌肉、肝臟、肺臟、呼吸道上皮、中樞神經系統、神經元、眼睛(眼細胞)或心臟之任何一種或多種。於一具體實施例,目標組織為肝臟。於另一具體實施例,目標組織為心臟。於另一具體實施例,目標組織為腦。於另一具體實施例,目標組織為肌肉。
如本文所使用,術語「哺乳類動物受試者」或「受試者」包括需要本文所述治療或預防方法的任何哺乳類動物,特別是包括人類。其它需要治療或預防的哺乳類動物包括狗、貓、或其它馴養動物、馬、家畜、包括非人類靈長類的實驗動物等。受試者可為雄性或雌性。
如本文所使用,術語「宿主細胞」可指其中由質體產生的rAAV的包裝細胞株。或者,術語「宿主細胞」可指希望轉基因在其中表現之目標細胞。
治療性轉基因
由轉基因編碼的有用產物包括多種基因產物,它們替換有缺陷或有缺少的基因、失活或「敲除(knock-out)」、或敲減(knock-down)」或降低不希望的高水平表現的基因的表現,或遞送具有所需治療效果的基因產物。於大多數具體實施例,此治療將是「體細胞基因療法」,即將基因轉移到不產生精子或卵子的身體細胞中。於某些具體實施例,轉基因表現蛋白質具有天然人類序列的序列。然而,於其它具體實施例,表現合成蛋白質。此種蛋白質可被意圖用於人類之治療,或於其它具體實施例,被設計用於動物之治療,包括同伴動物如犬或貓族群,或用於與人類接觸的家畜或其它動物的治療。
適合的基因產物之例包括彼等與家族性高膽固醇血症、肌營養不良、囊性纖維化及罕見疾病或孤兒病有關者。此種罕見疾病之例可包括脊髓性肌萎縮症(spinal muscular atrophy,SMA)、杭丁頓氏舞蹈症(Huntingdon’s Disease)、雷特氏症候群(Rett Syndrome)(例如,甲基-CpG-結合蛋白2(MeCP2);UniProtKB–P51608)、肌肉萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症(ALS)、裘馨氏型肌肉失養症(Duchenne Type Muscular dystrophy)、弗裏德賴希共濟失調(Friedrichs Ataxia)(例如,frataxin)、與脊髓小腦運動失調症第2型(spinocerebellar ataxia type 2,SCA2)有關的ATXN2/ALS;與ALS有關的TDP-43、顆粒蛋白前體(progranulin,PRGN)(與非阿茲海默氏症的腦退化症有關,包括額顳葉失智症(FTD)、進行性非流暢性失語症(PNFA)及語意型失智症(semantic dementia))等。參見,例如,www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search_List.php;rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases。於一具體實施例,轉基因不為人類低密度脂蛋白受體(hLDLR)。於另一具體實施例,轉基因不為工程化人類低密度脂蛋白受體(hLDLR)變異體,如彼等WO 2015/164778所述者。
適合的基因之例可包括,例如,賀爾蒙及生長和分化因子,包括但未限於,胰島素、升糖素、類升糖素肽-1 (GLP-1)、生長激素(GH)、副甲狀腺素(PTH)、生長激素釋放因子(GRF)、促濾泡素(FSH)、黃體激素(LH)、人類絨毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)、血管生成素、血管抑制素、顆粒性白血球聚落刺激因子(GCSF)、促紅血球形成素(EPO)(包括,例如,人類、犬或貓epo)、結締組織生長因子(CTGF)、神經營養因子,包括,例如,鹼性纖維母細胞生長因子(bFGF)、酸性纖維母細胞生長因子(aFGF)、表皮生長因子(EGF)、血小板衍生生長因子(PDGF)、胰島素生長因子I及II(IGF-I及IGF-II)、轉形生長因子α超家族之任一者,包括TGFα、激活素(activin)、抑制素(inhibin)、或骨形態發生蛋白蛋白(BMP) BMPs 1-15之任一者,生長因子之調蛋白(heregluin)/神經調節蛋(neuregulin)/ARIA/neu分化因子(NDF)家族之任一者、神經生長因子(NGF)、腦衍生的神經營養因子(BDNF)、神經營養蛋白(neurotrophin)NT-3及NT-4/5、睫狀神經營養因子(ciliary neurotrophic factor,CNTF)、神經膠細胞株衍生的神經營養因子(GDNF)、神經營養素(neurturin)、集聚蛋白(agrin)、腦訊號蛋白(semaphorin)/腦衰蛋白(collapsin)家族之任一者、神經軸突導向分子-1(netrin-1)及神經軸突導向分子-2(netrin-2)、肝細胞生長因子(HGF)、肝配蛋白(ephrins)、頭蛋白(noggin)、音猬因子(sonic hedgehog)及酪胺酸羥化酶。
其它有用的轉基因產物包括調節免疫系統的蛋白質,包括但未限於細胞介素及淋巴激素,如促血小板生成素(TPO)、介白素(IL) IL-1至IL-36 (包括,例如
,人類介白素IL-1、IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、IL-11、IL-12、IL-13、IL-18、IL-31、IL-35)、單核球趨化蛋白質、白血病抑制性因子、顆粒細胞-巨噬細胞群落刺激因子、Fas配體、腫瘤壞死因子α及β、干擾素α、β及γ、幹細胞因子、flk-2/flt3配體。免疫系統產生的基因產物亦有用於本發明。此等包括,但未限於,免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD及IgE、嵌合免疫球蛋白、人類化抗體、單鏈抗體、T細胞受體、嵌合T細胞受體、單鏈T細胞受體、第I及II群MHC分子,以及經工程化免疫球蛋白及MHC分子。例如,於某些具體實施例,rAAV抗體可被設計遞送犬或貓抗體,例如,如抗IgE、抗IL31、抗IL33、抗CD20、抗NGF、抗GnRH。有用的基因產物亦包括補體調節蛋白質如補體調節蛋白質、膜輔因子蛋白質(MCP)、衰退加速因子(DAF)、CR1、CF2、CD59、及C1酯酶抑制劑(C1-INH)。
再其它有用的基因產物包括對賀爾蒙、生長激素、細胞介素、淋巴激素、調節性蛋白質及免疫系統蛋白質之受體的任一者。本發明包含膽固醇調節受體及/或脂質調節受體,包括低密度脂蛋白質(LDL)受體、高密度脂蛋白質(HDL)受體、極低密度脂蛋白質(VLDL)受體、及清道夫受體(scavenger receptor)。本發明亦包含基因產物,如類固醇賀爾蒙受體超家族成員,包括醣皮質類固醇受體及雌激素受體、維生素D受體及其它核受體。此外,有用的基因產物包括轉錄因子,如
jun、
fos、max、mad、血清反應因子(SRF)、AP-1、AP2、
myb、MyoD及肌細胞生成素(myogenin)、含蛋白質的ETS-box、TFE3、E2F、ATF1、ATF2、ATF3、ATF4、ZF5、NFAT、CREB、HNF-4、C/EBP、SP1、CCAAT-box結合蛋白質、干擾素調節因子(IRF-1)、Wilms腫瘤蛋白質、ETS-結合蛋白質、STAT、GATA-box結合蛋白質,例如,GATA-3、及有翼螺旋蛋白的叉頭家族(forkhead family)。
其它有用的基因產物包括,羥甲基膽素合成酶(hydroxymethylbilane synthetase,HMBS)、胺甲醯基合成酶I(carbamoyl synthetase I)、鳥胺酸胺甲醯基轉移酶(ornithine transcarbamylase,OTC)、精胺基琥珀酸合酶(arginosuccinate synthetase)、用於治療精胺基琥珀酸裂解酶(arginosuccinate lyase,ASL)缺乏之精胺基琥珀酸裂解酶、精胺酸酶(arginase)、延胡索醯乙醯乙酸水解酶(fumarylacetate hydrolase)、苯丙胺酸羥化酶(phenylalanine hydroxylase)、α-1抗胰蛋白酶(alpha-1 antitrypsin)、恆河獼猴α胎兒蛋白(rhesus alpha- fetoprotein (AFP))、絨毛膜性腺激素(chorionic gonadotrophin,CG)、萄糖6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase)、紫質膽素原脫胺基酶(porphobilinogen deaminase)、胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathione beta-synthase)、支鏈酮酸脫氫酶(branched chain ketoacid decarboxylase)、白蛋白、異戊醯基-CoA脫氫酶(isovaleryl-coA dehydrogenase)、丙醯輔酶A羧化酶(propionyl CoA carboxylase)、甲基丙二醯輔酶A變位酶(methyl malonyl CoA mutase)、戊二基輔酶A脫氫酶(glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase酶)、胰島素、β-葡萄糖苷酶、丙酮酸羧化酶、肝臟磷酸酶(hepatic phosphorylase)、磷酸化酶激酶(phosphorylase kinase)、甘胺酸脫羧化酶(glycine decarboxylase)、H-蛋白質、T-蛋白質、囊性纖維化穿膜傳導調節蛋白(cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator,CFTR)序列、及肌肉萎縮蛋白(dystrophin)基因產物[例如,袖珍或微小肌肉萎縮蛋白]。再其它有用的基因產物包括酶,如可用於酶替代療法的酶,其可用於因酶活性不足導致的多種病症。例如,含有6-磷酸甘露糖的酶可用於胞溶體貯積症的治療(例如,適合的基因包括編碼β-葡萄醣醛酸酶(GUSB)的基因)。於另一例中,基因產物為泛素蛋白連接酶E3A(UBE3A)。又有用的基因產物包括UDP葡醣醛酸基轉移酶家族1成員A1(UGT1A1)。
於某些具體實施例,rAAV可用於基因編輯系統,該系統可涉及一種rAAV或多種rAAV系群的共投予。例如,rAAV可被工程化以遞送SpCas9、SaCas9、ARCUS、Cpf1 (亦已知為Cas12a)、CjCas9、及其它適合的基因構築體。
再其它有用的基因產物包括彼等用於治療血友病者,該血友病包括血友病B(包括因子IX)及血友病A(包括因子VIII及其變異體,如異二聚體及B-缺失域的輕鏈和重鏈;美國專利第6,200,560號及美國專利第6,221,349號)。於一些具體實施例,袖珍基因包含因子VIII重鏈的前57個鹼基對,其編碼10個胺基酸訊息序列,以及人類生長激素(hGH)多聚腺苷酸化序列。在替代具體實施例中,袖珍基因進一步包含A1和A2域,以及B域之N端的5個胺基酸,及/或B域之C端的85個胺基酸,以及A3、C1及C2域。於又其它具體實施例,編碼因子VIII重鏈和輕鏈的核酸在單個袖珍基因中提供,該袖珍基因由編碼B域的14個胺基酸的42個核酸分隔[美國專利第6,200,560號]。
其它有用的基因產物包括非自然發生的多肽,如具有含插入、缺失或胺基酸取代的嵌合或雜合多肽,例如,單鏈經工程化的免疫球蛋白可能於某些免疫功能低下的患者為有用。其它類型的非自然發生的基因序列包括反義分子及催化性核酸,如核酶,它們可用於減少目標之過度表現。
基因表現的減少及/或調節對於治療以過度增殖細胞為特徵的過度增殖病症為特別理想的,如癌症及乾癬。目標多肽包括與正常細胞相比在過度增殖細胞中僅產生或以更高水平產生的彼等多肽。目標抗原包括由致癌基因如myb、myc、fyn及轉位基因bcr/abl、ras、src、P53、neu、trk及EGRF編碼的多肽。除了作為目標抗原的致癌基因產物外,用於抗癌治療和保護方案的目標多肽包括B細胞淋巴瘤產生的抗體可變區及T細胞淋巴瘤的T細胞受體可變區,在一些具體實施例,它們亦用於作為自體免疫疾病的目標抗原。其它腫瘤相關多肽可用作目標多肽,如在腫瘤細胞中發現含量較高的多肽,包括單株抗體17-1A辨識的多肽及葉酸結合多肽。
其它適合的治療性多肽及蛋白質包括彼等藉由賦予針對與自體免疫相關的目標之廣泛的保護性免疫反應而可用於治療罹患自體免疫疾病及病症的個體,該自體免疫相關的目標包括細胞受體和產生「自我」定向抗體的細胞。T細胞媒介的自體免疫疾病包括類風濕性關節炎(RA)、多發性硬化症(MS)、休格倫氏症候群(Sjögren's syndrome)、結節病、胰島素依賴型糖尿病(IDDM)、自體免疫性甲狀腺炎、反應性關節炎、強直性脊柱炎、硬皮病、多發性肌炎、皮肌炎、血管炎、華格納氏肉芽病(Wegener's granulomatosis)、克隆氏病(Crohn's disease)及潰瘍性結腸炎。此等疾病之每一者皆以T細胞受體(TCRs)為特徵,此等受體與內源性抗原結合並引發與自體免疫疾病相關的炎症性級聯反應。
可經由本文提供的rAAV遞送用於治療例如,肝臟適應症的其它說明性基因,包括但未限於:與肝醣儲積症或缺乏1A型(GSD1)有關的葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶;與PEPCK缺乏有關的磷酸烯醇丙酮酸-羧激酶(phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase,PEPCK);第五型類細胞週期蛋白依賴激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5,CDKL5),亦稱為與癲癇發作和嚴重的神經發育障礙有關的絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶9(STK9);與半乳糖血症有關的半乳糖-1-磷酸尿苷醯轉移酶(galactose-1 phosphate uridyl transferase);與苯丙酮尿症(PKU)有關之苯丙胺酸羥化酶(PAH);與第一型原發性高草酸鹽尿症(Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1)有關之基因產物,包括羥基酸氧化酶1(GO/HAO1)及AGXT;與楓糖尿病(Maple syrup urine disease)有關之支鏈α-酮酸脫氫酶(branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase),包括BCKDH、BCKDH-E2、BAKDH-E1a、及BAKDH-E1b;與酪胺酸血症第一型有關之延胡索醯乙醯乙酸水解酶(fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase);與甲基丙二酸血症有關的甲基丙二醯輔酶A變位酶;與中鏈乙醯輔酶A缺乏症有關的中鏈醯基輔酶A脫氫酶(medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase);與鳥胺酸胺甲醯基轉移酶(OTC)缺乏症有關的鳥胺酸胺甲醯基轉移酶;與瓜胺酸血症(citrullinemia)有關的精胺酸琥珀酸合成酶(argininosuccinic acid synthetase,ASS1);卵磷脂-膽固醇醯基轉移酶(lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT)缺乏症;甲基丙二酸血症(MMA);與尼曼匹克症(Niemann-Pick disease)第C1型)有關的NPC1;丙酸血症(PA);與和甲狀腺素運載蛋白(Transthyretin,TTR)相關的遺傳性類澱粉變性有關之TTR;與如述於WO2015/164778之家族性高膽固醇血症(FH)、LDLR變異體有關的低密度脂蛋白質受體(LDLR)蛋白質;PCSK9;與失智症有關之ApoE及ApoC蛋白質;與克-納二氏病(Crigler-Najjar disease)有關的UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基轉移酶(UDP-glucouronosyltransferase);與嚴重聯合免疫缺陷病有關的腺苷脫胺酶(adenosine deaminase);與痛風及萊希-尼亨症候群(Lesch-Nyan syndrome)有關的次黃嘌呤鳥嘌呤磷酸核苷轉移酶(hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase);與生物素酶(biotimidase)缺乏有關的生物素酶;與法布瑞氏症)(Fabry disease)有關的α-半乳糖苷酶A (α-Gal A);與GM1神經節苷脂儲積症有關之β-半乳糖苷酶(GLB1);與威爾森氏病(Wilson’s Disease)有關的ATP7B;與高歇氏病(Gaucher disease)第2及3型有關的β-葡萄糖腦苷脂酶(β-glucocerebrosidase);與齊威格氏症候群(Zellweger syndrome)有關的過氧化體(peroxisome)膜蛋白質70 kDa;與異染性腦白質失養症相關的芳基硫酸酯酶A(arylsulfatase A,ARSA);與克拉培氏病(Krabbe disease)有關的半乳糖腦苷脂酶(galactocerebrosidase,
GALC)酵素;與龐貝氏症(Pompe disease)有關的α-葡萄糖苷酶(GAA);與A型尼曼匹克症(Nieman Pick disease type A)有關的神經髓磷脂酶(sphingomyelinase,SMPD1)基因;與成人發作第II型瓜胺酸血症(CTLN2)有關的精胺基琥珀酸合成酶;與尿素循環障礙相關的胺甲醯基磷酸合成酶1(CPS1);與脊髓性肌萎縮症有關的存活運動神經元(SMN)蛋白;與法伯脂肪肉芽腫病相關的神經醯胺酶;與GM2神經節苷脂儲積症和戴氏-薩克斯氏病(Tay-Sachs disease)及山多夫氏病(Sandhoff disease)相關的β-己醣胺酶(b-hexosaminidase);與天冬胺醯葡萄糖胺尿症(aspartyl-glucosaminuria)有關的天冬胺醯葡萄糖胺酶(aspartylglucosaminidase);與岩藻糖沉積症(fucosidosis)有關的α-岩藻糖苷酶(α-fucosidase);與α-甘露糖苷沉積症(alpha-mannosidosis)有關的α-甘露糖苷酶;與急性間歇性紫質症(acute intermittent porphyria,AIP)有關的紫質膽素原脫胺基酶;用於治療α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症(肺氣腫)之α-1抗胰蛋白酶(alpha-1 antitrypsin);用於治療因地中海貧血或腎衰竭引起的貧血之促紅血球形成素;用於治療缺血性疾病之血管內皮生長因子、血管生成素-1及纖維母細胞生長因子;用於治療如例如在動脈粥樣硬化、血栓形成或栓塞中所見之阻塞的血管之血栓調節蛋白(thrombomodulin)和組織因子途徑抑制劑;用於治療帕金森氏症(Parkinson's disease)之芳香族胺基酸去羧酶(AADC)及酪胺酸羥化酶(TH);用於治療充血性心衰竭之β-腎上腺素受體、受磷蛋白(phospholamban)的反義或突變形式、肌質網(內質網)腺苷三磷酸酶-2(sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase-2 ,SERCA2)及心臟腺苷酸環化酶(cardiac adenylyl cyclase);用於治療各種癌症之腫瘤抑制基因,如p53;用於治療炎症及免疫病症及癌症之細胞介素,如各種介白素之一者;用於治療肌營養不良之肌肉萎縮蛋白或袖珍肌肉萎縮蛋白及肌肉萎縮相關蛋白(utrophin)或袖珍肌肉萎縮相關蛋白(miniutrophin);及用於治療糖尿病之胰島素或GLP-1。
其它感興趣的基因及疾病包括,例如,肌張力異常蛋白(dystonin)基因相關疾病如遺傳性感覺及自主神經病第VI型(Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type VI)(此DST基因編碼肌張力異常蛋白;由於蛋白質的大小(~7570 aa),可能需要雙AAV載體;SCN9A相關疾病,其中功能缺失突變體導致無法感受疼痛,而功能獲得突變體導致疼痛病況,如紅斑性肢痛。另一病況係由於NEFL基因(神經纖維絲輕鏈)發生突變而導致的恰克-馬利-杜斯氏症(Charcot-Marie-Tooth,CMT)1F及2E型,其特徵為進行性周圍運動及感覺神經病變,具有可變的臨床和電生理表現。與CMT有關的其它基因產物包括粒線體融合蛋白2(mitofusin 2,MFN2)。
於某些具體實施例,本文所述rAAV可用於治療黏多醣症(MPS)。此種rAAV可含有攜帶編碼治療MPS I (赫勒氏(Hurler)、赫勒-施艾氏(Hurler-Scheie)及施艾氏症候群)之α-L-艾杜糖醛酸酶(α-L-iduronidase)(IDUA)之核酸序列;編碼治療MPS II (韓特氏症(Hunter syndrome))之己醛醣酸鹽-2-硫酸脂酶(iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS))之核酸序列;編碼治療MPSIII A、B、C、及D (聖菲利柏氏症候群(Sanfilippo syndrome))之磺醯胺酶(sulfamidase,SGSH)之核酸序列;編碼治療MPS IV A及B (莫奎歐氏症(Morquio syndrome))之N-乙醯半乳糖胺-6-硫酸鹽硫酸酯酶(GALNS)之核酸序列;編碼治療MPS VI (馬-拉二氏症(Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome))之芳基硫酸酯酶B (ARSB)之核酸序列;編碼治療MPSI IX (玻尿酸酶缺乏)之玻尿酸酶之核酸序列及編碼治療MPS VII (Sly症候群)之β-葡萄醣醛酸酶之核酸序列。
於一些具體實施例,可使用包含編碼與癌症有關的基因產物(例如,腫瘤抑制物)之核酸的rAAV載體用於治療癌症,藉由投予攜帶rAAV載體之rAAV至具有癌症的受試者。於一些具體實施例,可使用包含編碼抑制與癌症有關的基因產物的表現(例如,致癌基因)之小干擾核酸(例如,shRNAs、miRNAs)之核酸的rAAV載體用於治療癌症,藉由投予攜帶該rAAV載體之rAAV至具有癌症的受試者。於一些具體實施例,於研究目的上可使用包含編碼與癌症有關的基因產物的核酸(或抑制與癌症有關的基因表現的功能性RNA)的rAAV載體,例如,研究癌症或確定治療癌症的療法。下列為已知與癌症發展有關的示例性基因的非限制列表(例如,致癌基因及腫瘤抑制物):AARS、ABCB1、ABCC4、ABI2、ABL1、ABL2、ACK1、ACP2、ACY1、ADSL、AK1、AKR1C2、AKT1、ALB、ANPEP、ANXA5、ANXA7、AP2M1、APC、ARHGAP5、ARHGEF5、ARID4A、ASNS、ATF4、ATM、ATP5B、ATP5O、AXL、BARD1、BAX、BCL2、BHLHB2、BLMH、BRAF、BRCA1、BRCA2、BTK、CANX、CAP1、CAPN1、CAPNS1、CAV1、CBFB、CBLB、CCL2、CCND1、CCND2、CCND3、CCNE1、CCT5、CCYR61、CD24、CD44、CD59、CDC20、CDC25、CDC25A、CDC25B、CDC2L5、CDK10、CDK4、CDK5、CDK9、CDKL1、CDKN1A、CDKN1B、CDKN1C、CDKN2A、CDKN2B、CDKN2D、CEBPG、CENPC1、CGRRF1、CHAF1A、CIB1、CKMT1、CLK1、CLK2、CLK3、CLNS1A、CLTC、COL1A1、COL6A3、COX6C、COX7A2、CRAT、CRHR1、CSF1R、CSK、CSNK1G2、CTNNA1、CTNNB1、CTPS、CTSC、CTSD、CUL1、CYR61、DCC、DCN、DDX10、DEK、DHCR7、DHRS2、DHX8、DLG3、DVL1、DVL3、E2F1、E2F3、E2F5、EGFR、EGR1、EIF5、EPHA2、ERBB2、ERBB3、ERBB4、ERCC3、ETV1、ETV3、ETV6、F2R、FASTK、FBN1、FBN2、FES、FGFR1、FGR、FKBP8、FN1、FOS、FOSL1、FOSL2、FOXG1A、FOXO1A、FRAP1、FRZB、FTL、FZD2、FZD5、FZD9、G22P1、GAS6、GCN5L2、GDF15、GNA13、GNAS、GNB2、GNB2L1、GPR39、GRB2、GSK3A、GSPT1、GTF2I、HDAC1、HDGF、HMMR、HPRT1、HRB、HSPA4、HSPA5、HSPA8、HSPB1、HSPH1、HYAL1、HYOU1、ICAM1、ID1、ID2、IDUA、IER3、IFITM1、IGF1R、IGF2R、IGFBP3、IGFBP4、IGFBP5、IL1B、ILK、ING1、IRF3、ITGA3、ITGA6、ITGB4、JAK1、JARID1A、JUN、JUNB、JUND、K-ALPHA-1、KIT、KITLG、KLK10、KPNA2、KRAS2、KRT18、KRT2A、KRT9、LAMB1、LAMP2、LCK、LCN2、LEP、LITAF、LRPAP1、LTF、LYN、LZTR1、MADH1、MAP2K2、MAP3K8、MAPK12、MAPK13、MAPKAPK3、MAPRE1、MARS、MAS1、MCC、MCM2、MCM4、MDM2、MDM4、MET、MGST1、MICB、MLLT3、MME、MMP1、MMP14、MMP17、MMP2、MNDA、MSH2、MSH6、MT3、MYB、MYBL1、MYBL2、MYC、MYCL1、MYCN、MYD88、MYL9、MYLK、NEO1、NF1、NF2、NFKB1、NFKB2、NFSF7、NID、NINE、NMBR、NME1、NME2、NME3、NOTCH1、NOTCH2、NOTCH4、NPM1、NQO1、NR1D1、NR2F1、NR2F6、NRAS、NRG1、NSEP1、OSM、PA2G4、PABPC1、PCNA、PCTK1、PCTK2、PCTK3、PDGFA、PDGFB、PDGFRA、PDPK1、PEA15、PFDN4、PFDN5、PGAM1、PHB、PIK3CA、PIK3CB、PIK3CG、PIM1、PKM2、PKMYT1、PLK2、PPARD、PPARG、PPIH、PPP1CA、PPP2R5A、PRDX2、PRDX4、PRKAR1A、PRKCBP1、PRNP、PRSS15、PSMA1、PTCH、PTEN、PTGS1、PTMA、PTN、PTPRN、RAB5A、RAC1、RAD50、RAF1、RALBP1、RAP1A、RARA、RARB、RASGRF1、RB1、RBBP4、RBL2、REA、REL、RELA、RELB、RET、RFC2、RGS19、RHOA、RHOB、RHOC、RHOD、RIPK1、RPN2、RPS6 KB1、RRM1、SARS、SELENBP1、SEMA3C、SEMA4D、SEPP1、SERPINH1、SFN、SFPQ、SFRS7、SHB、SHH、SIAH2、SIVA、SIVA TP53、SKI、SKIL、SLC16A1、SLC1A4、SLC20A1、SMO、神經鞘磷脂磷酸二脂酶1(sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1))、SNAI2、SND1、SNRPB2、SOCS1、SOCS3、SOD1、SORT1、SPINT2、SPRY2、SRC、SRPX、STAT1、STAT2、STAT3、STAT5B、STC1、TAF1、TBL3、TBRG4、TCF1、TCF7L2、TFAP2C、TFDP1、TFDP2、TGFA、TGFB1、TGFBI、TGFBR2、TGFBR3、THBS1、TIE、TIMP1、TIMP3、TJP1、TK1、TLE1、TNF、TNFRSF10A、TNFRSF10B、TNFRSF1A、TNFRSF1B、TNFRSF6、TNFSF7、TNK1、TOB1、TP53、TP53BP2、TP5313、TP73、TPBG、TPT1、TRADD、TRAM1、TRRAP、TSG101、TUFM、TXNRD1、TYRO3、UBC、UBE2L6、UCHL1、USP7、VDAC1、VEGF、VHL、VIL2、WEE1、WNT1、WNT2、WNT2B、WNT3、WNT5A、WT1、XRCC1、YES1、YWHAB、YWHAZ、ZAP70、及ZNF9。
rAAV載體可包含編碼調節細胞凋亡之蛋白質或功能性RNA的核酸作為轉基因。以下為有用於本發明之某些具體實施例中作為轉基因之抑制此等基因及其同源物表現之與細胞凋亡相關的基因、和編碼此等基因及其同源物的產物以及編碼小干擾核酸(例如,shRNA、miRNA)的核酸的非限制性列表:RPS27A、ABL1、AKT1、APAF1、BAD、BAG1、BAG3、BAG4、BAK1、BAX、BCL10、BCL2、BCL2A1、BCL2L1、BCL2L10、BCL2L11、BCL2L12、BCL2L13、BCL2L2、BCLAF1、BFAR、BID、BIK、NAIP、BIRC2、BIRC3、XIAP、BIRC5、BIRC6、BIRC7、BIRC8、BNIP1、BNIP2、BNIP3、BNIP3L、BOK、BRAF、CARD10、CARD11、NLRC4、CARD14、NOD2、NOD1、CARD6、CARDS、CARDS、CASP1、CASP10、CASP14、CASP2、CASP3、CASP4、CASP5、CASP6、CASP7、CASP8、CASP9、CFLAR、CIDEA、CIDEB、CRADD、DAPK1、DAPK2、DFFA、DFFB、FADD、GADD45A、GDNF、HRK、IGF1R、LTA、LTBR、MCL1、NOL3、PYCARD、RIPK1、RIPK2、TNF、TNFRSF10A、TNFRSF10B、TNFRSF10C、TNFRSF10D、TNFRSF11B、TNFRSF12A、TNFRSF14、TNFRSF19、TNFRSF1A、TNFRSF1B、TNFRSF21、TNFRSF25、CD40、FAS、TNFRSF6B、CD27、TNFRSF9、TNFSF10、TNFSF14、TNFSF18、CD40LG、FASLG、CD70、TNFSF8、TNFSF9、TP53、TP53BP2、TP73、TP63、TRADD、TRAF1、TRAF2、TRAF3、TRAF4、及TRAF5。
有用的轉基因產物亦包括miRNAs。miRNAs及其它小干擾核酸通過目標信使RNA(mRNA)的目標RNA轉錄物裂解/降解或轉譯抑制來調節基因表現。miRNA天然表現,通常作為最終的19-25個非轉譯RNA產物。miRNA透過與目標mRNA的3'非轉譯區(UTR)進行序列特異性相互作用來展現其活性。此等內源性表現的miRNA形成髮夾前驅體,隨後被加工成miRNA雙套,並進一步加工成「成熟」的單股miRNA分子。此成熟miRNA引導多蛋白複合物miRISC,其基於與成熟miRNA的互補性,識別目標miRNA之例如於3′ UTR區的目標位置。
於本發明之某些具體實施例中下列miRNA基因及其同源物的非限制性列表有用於作為轉基因或作為轉基因編碼的小干擾核酸之目標(例如,miRNA海綿、反義寡核苷酸、TuD RNAs):hsa-let-7a、hsa-let-7a*、hsa-let-7b、hsa-let-7b*、hsa-let-7c、hsa-let-7c*、hsa-let-7d、hsa-let-7d*、hsa-let-7e、hsa-let-7e*、hsa-let-7f、hsa-let-7f-1*、hsa-let-7f-2*、hsa-let-7g、hsa-let-7g*、hsa-let-71、hsa-let-71*、hsa-miR-1、hsa-miR-100、hsa-miR-100*、hsa-miR-101、hsa-miR-101*、hsa-miR-103、hsa-miR-105、hsa-miR-105*、hsa-miR-106a、hsa-miR-106a*、hsa-miR-106b、hsa-miR-106b*、hsa-miR-107、hsa-miR-10a、hsa-miR-10a*、hsa-miR-10b、hsa-miR-10b*、hsa-miR-1178、hsa-miR-1179、hsa-miR-1180、hsa-miR-1181、hsa-miR-1182、hsa-miR-1183、hsa-miR-1184、hsa-miR-1185、hsa-miR-1197、hsa-miR-1200、hsa-miR-1201、hsa-miR-1202、hsa-miR-1203、hsa-miR-1204、hsa-miR-1205、hsa-miR-1206、hsa-miR-1207-3p、hsa-miR-1207-5p、hsa-miR-1208、hsa-miR-122、hsa-miR-122*、hsa-miR-1224-3p、hsa-miR-1224-5p、hsa-miR-1225-3p、hsa-miR-1225-5p、hsa-miR-1226、hsa-miR-1226*、hsa-miR-1227、hsa-miR-1228、hsa-miR-1228*、hsa-miR-1229、hsa-miR-1231、hsa-miR-1233、hsa-miR-1234、hsa-miR-1236、hsa-miR-1237、hsa-miR-1238、hsa-miR-124、hsa-miR-124*、hsa-miR-1243、hsa-miR-1244、hsa-miR-1245、hsa-miR-1246、hsa-miR-1247、hsa-miR-1248、hsa-miR-1249、hsa-miR-1250、hsa-miR-1251、hsa-miR-1252、hsa-miR-1253、hsa-miR-1254、hsa-miR-1255a、hsa-miR-1255b、hsa-miR-1256、hsa-miR-1257、hsa-miR-1258、hsa-miR-1259、hsa-miR-125a-3p、hsa-miR-125a-5p、hsa-miR-125b、hsa-miR-125b-1*、hsa-miR-125b-2*、hsa-miR-126、hsa-miR-126*、hsa-miR-1260、hsa-miR-1261、hsa-miR-1262、hsa-miR-1263、hsa-miR-1264、hsa-miR-1265、hsa-miR-1266、hsa-miR-1267、hsa-miR-1268、hsa-miR-1269、hsa-miR-1270、hsa-miR-1271、hsa-miR-1272、hsa-miR-1273、hsa-miR-127-3p、hsa-miR-1274a、hsa-miR-1274b、hsa-miR-1275、hsa-miR-127-5p、hsa-miR-1276、hsa-miR-1277、hsa-miR-1278、hsa-miR-1279、hsa-miR-128、hsa-miR-1280、hsa-miR-1281、hsa-miR-1282、hsa-miR-1283、hsa-miR-1284、hsa-miR-1285、hsa-miR-1286、hsa-miR-1287、hsa-miR-1288、hsa-miR-1289、hsa-miR-129*、hsa-miR-1290、hsa-miR-1291、hsa-miR-1292、hsa-miR-1293、hsa-miR-129-3p、hsa-miR-1294、hsa-miR-1295、hsa-miR-129-5p、hsa-miR-1296、hsa-miR-1297、hsa-miR-1298、hsa-miR-1299、hsa-miR-1300、hsa-miR-1301、hsa-miR-1302、hsa-miR-1303、hsa-miR-1304、hsa-miR-1305、hsa-miR-1306、hsa-miR-1307、hsa-miR-1308、hsa-miR-130a、hsa-miR-130a*、hsa-miR-130b、hsa-miR-130b*、hsa-miR-132、hsa-miR-132*、hsa-miR-1321、hsa-miR-1322、hsa-miR-1323、hsa-miR-1324、hsa-miR-133a、hsa-miR-133b、hsa-miR-134、hsa-miR-135a、hsa-miR-135a*、hsa-miR-135b、hsa-miR-135b*、hsa-miR-136、hsa-miR-136*、hsa-miR-137、hsa-miR-138、hsa-miR-138-1*、hsa-miR-138-2*、hsa-miR-139-3p、hsa-miR-139-5p、hsa-miR-140-3p、hsa-miR-140-5p、hsa-miR-141、hsa-miR-141*、hsa-miR-142-3p、hsa-miR-142-5p、hsa-miR-143、hsa-miR-143*、hsa-miR-144、hsa-miR-144*、hsa-miR-145、hsa-miR-145*、hsa-miR-146a、hsa-miR-146a*、hsa-miR-146b-3p、hsa-miR-146b-5p、hsa-miR-147、hsa-miR-147b、hsa-miR-148a、hsa-miR-148a*、hsa-miR-148b、hsa-miR-148b*、hsa-miR-149、hsa-miR-149*、hsa-miR-150、hsa-miR-150*、hsa-miR-151-3p、hsa-miR-151-5p、hsa-miR-152、hsa-miR-153、hsa-miR-154、hsa-miR-154*、hsa-miR-155、hsa-miR-155*、hsa-miR-15a、hsa-miR-15a*、hsa-miR-15b、hsa-miR-15b*、hsa-miR-16、hsa-miR-16-1*、hsa-miR-16-2*、hsa-miR-17、hsa-miR-17*、hsa-miR-181a、hsa-miR-181a*、hsa-miR-181a-2*、hsa-miR-181b、hsa-miR-181c、hsa-miR-181c*、hsa-miR-181d、hsa-miR-182、hsa-miR-182*、hsa-miR-1825、hsa-miR-1826、hsa-miR-1827、hsa-miR-183、hsa-miR-183*、hsa-miR-184、hsa-miR-185、hsa-miR-185*、hsa-miR-186、hsa-miR-186*、hsa-miR-187、hsa-miR-187*、hsa-miR-188-3p、hsa-miR-188-5p、hsa-miR-18a、hsa-miR-18a*、hsa-miR-18b、hsa-miR-18b*、hsa-miR-190、hsa-miR-190b、hsa-miR-191、hsa-miR-191*、hsa-miR-192、hsa-miR-192*、hsa-miR-193a-3p、hsa-miR-193a-5p、hsa-miR-193b、hsa-miR-193b*、hsa-miR-194、hsa-miR-194*、hsa-miR-195、hsa-miR-195*、hsa-miR-196a、hsa-miR-196a*、hsa-miR-196b、hsa-miR-197、hsa-miR-198、hsa-miR-199a-3p、hsa-miR-199a-5p、hsa-miR-199b-5p、hsa-miR-19a、hsa-miR-19a*、hsa-miR-19b、hsa-miR-19b-1*、hsa-miR-19b-2*、hsa-miR-200a、hsa-miR-200a*、hsa-miR-200b、hsa-miR-200b*、hsa-miR-200c、hsa-miR-200c*、hsa-miR-202、hsa-miR-202*、hsa-miR-203、hsa-miR-204、hsa-miR-205、hsa-miR-206、hsa-miR-208a、hsa-miR-208b、hsa-miR-20a、hsa-miR-20a*、hsa-miR-20b、hsa-miR-20b*、hsa-miR-21、hsa-miR-21*、hsa-miR-210、hsa-miR-211、hsa-miR-212、hsa-miR-214、hsa-miR-214*、hsa-miR-215、hsa-miR-216a、hsa-miR-216b、hsa-miR-217、hsa-miR-218、hsa-miR-218-1*、hsa-miR-218-2*、hsa-miR-219-1-3p、hsa-miR-219-2-3p、hsa-miR-219-5p、hsa-miR-22、hsa-miR-22*、hsa-miR-220a、hsa-miR-220b、hsa-miR-220c、hsa-miR-221、hsa-miR-221*、hsa-miR-222、hsa-miR-222*、hsa-miR-223、hsa-miR-223*、hsa-miR-224、hsa-miR-23a、hsa-miR-23a*、hsa-miR-23b、hsa-miR-23b*、hsa-miR-24、hsa-miR-24-1*、hsa-miR-24-2*、hsa-miR-25、hsa-miR-25*、hsa-miR-26a、hsa-miR-26a-1*、hsa-miR-26a-2*、hsa-miR-26b、hsa-miR-26b*、hsa-miR-27a、hsa-miR-27a*、hsa-miR-27b、hsa-miR-27b*、hsa-miR-28-3p、hsa-miR-28-5p、hsa-miR-296-3p、hsa-miR-296-5p、hsa-miR-297、hsa-miR-298、hsa-miR-299-3p、hsa-miR-299-5p、hsa-miR-29a、hsa-miR-29a*、hsa-miR-29b、hsa-miR-296-1*、hsa-miR-296-2*、hsa-miR-29c、hsa-miR-29c*、hsa-miR-300、hsa-miR-301a、hsa-miR-301b、hsa-miR-302a、hsa-miR-302a*、hsa-miR-302b、hsa-miR-302b*、hsa-miR-302c、hsa-miR-302c*、hsa-miR-302d、hsa-miR-302d*、hsa-miR-302e、hsa-miR-302f、hsa-miR-30a、hsa-miR-30a*、hsa-miR-30b、hsa-miR-30b*、hsa-miR-30c、hsa-miR-30c-1*、hsa-miR-30c-2*、hsa-miR-30d、hsa-miR-30d*、hsa-miR-30e、hsa-miR-30e*、hsa-miR-31、hsa-miR-31*、hsa-miR-32、hsa-miR-32*、hsa-miR-320a、hsa-miR-320b、hsa-miR-320c、hsa-miR-320d、hsa-miR-323-3p、hsa-miR-323-5p、hsa-miR-324-3p、hsa-miR-324-5p、hsa-miR-325、hsa-miR-326、hsa-miR-328、hsa-miR-329、hsa-miR-330-3p、hsa-miR-330-5p、hsa-miR-331-3p、hsa-miR-331-5p、hsa-miR-335、hsa-miR-335*、hsa-miR-337-3p、hsa-miR-337-5p、hsa-miR-338-3p、hsa-miR-338-5p、hsa-miR-339-3p、hsa-miR-339-5p、hsa-miR-33a、hsa-miR-33a*、hsa-miR-33b、hsa-miR-33b*、hsa-miR-340、hsa-miR-340*、hsa-miR-342-3p、hsa-miR-342-5p、hsa-miR-345、hsa-miR-346、hsa-miR-34a、hsa-miR-34a*、hsa-miR-34b、hsa-miR-34b*、hsa-miR-34c-3p、hsa-miR-34c-5p、hsa-miR-361-3p、hsa-miR-361-5p、hsa-miR-362-3p、hsa-miR-362-5p、hsa-miR-363、hsa-miR-363*、hsa-miR-365、hsa-miR-367、hsa-miR-367*、hsa-miR-369-3p、hsa-miR-369-5p、hsa-miR-370、hsa-miR-371-3p、hsa-miR-371-5p、hsa-miR-372、hsa-miR-373、hsa-miR-373*、hsa-miR-374a、hsa-miR-374a*、hsa-miR-374b、hsa-miR-374b*、hsa-miR-375、hsa-miR-376a、hsa-miR-376a*、hsa-miR-376b、hsa-miR-376c、hsa-miR-377、hsa-miR-377*、hsa-miR-378、hsa-miR-378*、hsa-miR-379、hsa-miR-379*、hsa-miR-380、hsa-miR-380*、hsa-miR-381、hsa-miR-382、hsa-miR-383、hsa-miR-384、hsa-miR-409-3p、hsa-miR-409-5p、hsa-miR-410、hsa-miR-411、hsa-miR-411*、hsa-miR-412、hsa-miR-421、hsa-miR-422a、hsa-miR-423-3p、hsa-miR-423-5p、hsa-miR-424、hsa-miR-424*、hsa-miR-425、hsa-miR-425*、hsa-miR-429、hsa-miR-431、hsa-miR-431*、hsa-miR-432、hsa-miR-432*、hsa-miR-433、hsa-miR-448、hsa-miR-449a、hsa-miR-449b、hsa-miR-450a、hsa-miR-450b-3p、hsa-miR-450b-5p、hsa-miR-451、hsa-miR-452、hsa-miR-452*、hsa-miR-453、hsa-miR-454、hsa-miR-454*、hsa-miR-455-3p、hsa-miR-455-5p、hsa-miR-483-3p、hsa-miR-483-5p、hsa-miR-484、hsa-miR-485-3p、hsa-miR-485-5p、hsa-miR-486-3p、hsa-miR-486-5p、hsa-miR-487a、hsa-miR-487b、hsa-miR-488、hsa-miR-488*、hsa-miR-489、hsa-miR-490-3p、hsa-miR-490-5p、hsa-miR-491-3p、hsa-miR-491-5p、hsa-miR-492、hsa-miR-493、hsa-miR-493*、hsa-miR-494、hsa-miR-495、hsa-miR-496、hsa-miR-497、hsa-miR-497*、hsa-miR-498、hsa-miR-499-3p、hsa-miR-499-5p、hsa-miR-500、hsa-miR-500*、hsa-miR-501-3p、hsa-miR-501-5p、hsa-miR-502-3p、hsa-miR-502-5p、hsa-miR-503、hsa-miR-504、hsa-miR-505、hsa-miR-505*、hsa-miR-506、hsa-miR-507、hsa-miR-508-3p、hsa-miR-508-5p、hsa-miR-509-3-5p、hsa-miR-509-3p、hsa-miR-509-5p、hsa-miR-510、hsa-miR-511、hsa-miR-512-3p、hsa-miR-512-5p、hsa-miR-513a-3p、hsa-miR-513a-5p、hsa-miR-513b、hsa-miR-513c、hsa-miR-514、hsa-miR-515-3p、hsa-miR-515-5p、hsa-miR-516a-3p、hsa-miR-516a-5p、hsa-miR-516b、hsa-miR-517*、hsa-miR-517a、hsa-miR-517b、hsa-miR-517c、hsa-miR-518a-3p、hsa-miR-518a-5p、hsa-miR-518b、hsa-miR-518c、hsa-miR-518c*、hsa-miR-518d-3p、hsa-miR-518d-5p、hsa-miR-518e、hsa-miR-518e*、hsa-miR-518f、hsa-miR-518f*、hsa-miR-519a、hsa-miR-519b-3p、hsa-miR-519c-3p、hsa-miR-519d、hsa-miR-519e、hsa-miR-519e*、hsa-miR-520a-3p、hsa-miR-520a-5p、hsa-miR-520b、hsa-miR-520c-3p、hsa-miR-520d-3p、hsa-miR-520d-5p、hsa-miR-520e、hsa-miR-520f、hsa-miR-520g、hsa-miR-520h、hsa-miR-521、hsa-miR-522、hsa-miR-523、hsa-miR-524-3p、hsa-miR-524-5p、hsa-miR-525-3p、hsa-miR-525-5p、hsa-miR-526b、hsa-miR-526b*、hsa-miR-532-3p、hsa-miR-532-5p、hsa-miR-539、hsa-miR-541、hsa-miR-541*、hsa-miR-542-3p、hsa-miR-542-5p、hsa-miR-543、hsa-miR-544、hsa-miR-545、hsa-miR-545*、hsa-miR-548a-3p、hsa-miR-548a-5p、hsa-miR-548b-3p、hsa-miR-5486-5p、hsa-miR-548c-3p、hsa-miR-548c-5p、hsa-miR-548d-3p、hsa-miR-548d-5p、hsa-miR-548e、hsa-miR-548f、hsa-miR-548g、hsa-miR-548h、hsa-miR-548i、hsa-miR-548j、hsa-miR-548k、hsa-miR-5481、hsa-miR-548m、hsa-miR-548n、hsa-miR-548o、hsa-miR-548p、hsa-miR-549、hsa-miR-550、hsa-miR-550*、hsa-miR-551a、hsa-miR-551b、hsa-miR-551b*、hsa-miR-552、hsa-miR-553、hsa-miR-554、hsa-miR-555、hsa-miR-556-3p、hsa-miR-556-5p、hsa-miR-557、hsa-miR-558、hsa-miR-559、hsa-miR-561、hsa-miR-562、hsa-miR-563、hsa-miR-564、hsa-miR-566、hsa-miR-567、hsa-miR-568、hsa-miR-569、hsa-miR-570、hsa-miR-571、hsa-miR-572、hsa-miR-573、hsa-miR-574-3p、hsa-miR-574-5p、hsa-miR-575、hsa-miR-576-3p、hsa-miR-576-5p、hsa-miR-577、hsa-miR-578、hsa-miR-579、hsa-miR-580、hsa-miR-581、hsa-miR-582-3p、hsa-miR-582-5p、hsa-miR-583、hsa-miR-584、hsa-miR-585、hsa-miR-586、hsa-miR-587、hsa-miR-588、hsa-miR-589、hsa-miR-589*、hsa-miR-590-3p、hsa-miR-590-5p、hsa-miR-591、hsa-miR-592、hsa-miR-593、hsa-miR-593*、hsa-miR-595、hsa-miR-596、hsa-miR-597、hsa-miR-598、hsa-miR-599、hsa-miR-600、hsa-miR-601、hsa-miR-602、hsa-miR-603、hsa-miR-604、hsa-miR-605、hsa-miR-606、hsa-miR-607、hsa-miR-608、hsa-miR-609、hsa-miR-610、hsa-miR-611、hsa-miR-612、hsa-miR-613、hsa-miR-614、hsa-miR-615-3p、hsa-miR-615-5p、hsa-miR-616、hsa-miR-616*、hsa-miR-617、hsa-miR-618、hsa-miR-619、hsa-miR-620、hsa-miR-621、hsa-miR-622、hsa-miR-623、hsa-miR-624、hsa-miR-624*、hsa-miR-625、hsa-miR-625*、hsa-miR-626、hsa-miR-627、hsa-miR-628-3p、hsa-miR-628-5p、hsa-miR-629、hsa-miR-629*、hsa-miR-630、hsa-miR-631、hsa-miR-632、hsa-miR-633、hsa-miR-634、hsa-miR-635、hsa-miR-636、hsa-miR-637、hsa-miR-638、hsa-miR-639、hsa-miR-640、hsa-miR-641、hsa-miR-642、hsa-miR-643、hsa-miR-644、hsa-miR-645、hsa-miR-646、hsa-miR-647、hsa-miR-648、hsa-miR-649、hsa-miR-650、hsa-miR-651、hsa-miR-652、hsa-miR-653、hsa-miR-654-3p、hsa-miR-654-5p、hsa-miR-655、hsa-miR-656、hsa-miR-657、hsa-miR-658、hsa-miR-659、hsa-miR-660、hsa-miR-661、hsa-miR-662、hsa-miR-663、hsa-miR-663b、hsa-miR-664、hsa-miR-664*、hsa-miR-665、hsa-miR-668、hsa-miR-671-3p、hsa-miR-671-5p、hsa-miR-675、hsa-miR-7、hsa-miR-708、hsa-miR-708*、hsa-miR-7-1*、hsa-miR-7-2*、hsa-miR-720、hsa-miR-744、hsa-miR-744*、hsa-miR-758、hsa-miR-760、hsa-miR-765、hsa-miR-766、hsa-miR-767-3p、hsa-miR-767-5p、hsa-miR-768-3p、hsa-miR-768-5p、hsa-miR-769-3p、hsa-miR-769-5p、hsa-miR-770-5p、hsa-miR-802、hsa-miR-873、hsa-miR-874、hsa-miR-875-3p、hsa-miR-875-5p、hsa-miR-876-3p、hsa-miR-876-5p、hsa-miR-877、hsa-miR-877*、hsa-miR-885-3p、hsa-miR-885-5p、hsa-miR-886-3p、hsa-miR-886-5p、hsa-miR-887、hsa-miR-888、hsa-miR-888*、hsa-miR-889、hsa-miR-890、hsa-miR-891a、hsa-miR-891b、hsa-miR-892a、hsa-miR-892b、hsa-miR-9、hsa-miR-9*、hsa-miR-920、hsa-miR-921、hsa-miR-922、hsa-miR-923、hsa-miR-924、hsa-miR-92a、hsa-miR-92a-1*、hsa-miR-92a-2*、hsa-miR-92b、hsa-miR-92b*、hsa-miR-93、hsa-miR-93*、hsa-miR-933、hsa-miR-934、hsa-miR-935、hsa-miR-936、hsa-miR-937、hsa-miR-938、hsa-miR-939、hsa-miR-940、hsa-miR-941、hsa-miR-942、hsa-miR-943、hsa-miR-944、hsa-miR-95、hsa-miR-96、hsa-miR-96*、hsa-miR-98、hsa-miR-99a、hsa-miR-99a*、hsa-miR-99b、及hsa-miR-99b*。例如,可能感興趣的是靶向8號染色體開放閱讀框(open reading frame)72(C9orf72)的miRNA,其表現與肌萎縮性側索硬化(ALS)相關的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase (SOD1))。
miRNA抑制其靶向的mRNA的功能,結果抑制mRNA所編碼的多肽的表現。如此,阻斷(部分或全部)miRNA的活性(例如使miRNA沉默)可以有效地誘導或恢復其表現被抑制的多肽的表現(活性化該多肽)。於一具體實施例,透過許多方法中之任一種,藉由於細胞中抑制miRNA活性而達成miRNA之目標之mRNA編碼的多肽之活性化。例如,藉由與小干擾核酸(例如,反義寡核苷酸、miRNA海綿、TuD RNA)雜交可達成miRNA的活性的阻斷,該小干擾核酸與miRNA互補或實質上互補,因而阻斷miRNA與其目標mRNA的相互作用。如本文所使用,質實上與miRNA互補的小干擾核酸為能夠與miRNA雜交者,且阻斷miRNA的活性。於一些具體實施例,實質上與miRNA互補的小干擾核酸為除了1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17或18個鹼基外,皆與miRNA互補的小干擾核酸。「miRNA抑制劑」為阻斷miRNA功能、表現及/或加工的藥劑。例如,此等分子包括但未限於,抑制miRNA與Drosha複合物相互作用的微小RNA特異性反義、微小RNA海綿、強誘餌(tough decoy)RNAs (TuD RNAs)及微小RNA寡核苷酸(雙股、髮夾、短寡核苷酸)。
又其它有用的轉基因可包括彼等編碼免疫球蛋白的基因,其賦予對病原體的被動免疫力。「免疫球蛋白分子」為包含共價結合在一起並且能夠與抗原特異性結合的免疫球蛋白重鏈及免疫球蛋白輕鏈之免疫活性部分的蛋白質。免疫球蛋白分子為任一類型(
例如,IgG、IgE、IgM、IgD、IgA and IgY)、類別(
例如,IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1及IgA2)或子類。於本文中術語「抗體」及「免疫球蛋白」可交互使用。
「免疫球蛋白重鏈」為一含有免疫球蛋白之抗原結合域(antigen binding domain)之至少一部分及免疫球蛋白重鏈可變區之至少一部分或免疫球蛋白重鏈恆定區之至少一部分之多肽。如此,免疫球蛋白衍生的重鏈與免疫球蛋白基因超家族的成員具有顯著的胺基酸序列同源性區域。例如,Fab片段中的重鏈為免疫球蛋白衍生的重鏈。
「免疫球蛋白輕鏈」為一含有免疫球蛋白之抗原結合域之至少一部分及免疫球蛋白輕鏈可變區之至少一部分或免疫球蛋白輕鏈恆定區之至少一部分之多肽。如此,免疫球蛋白衍生的輕鏈與免疫球蛋白基因超家族的成員具有顯著的胺基酸序列同源性區域。
「免疫黏附素(immunoadhesin)」為一嵌合、類抗體的分子,其將結合蛋白質的功能域(通常為受體、配體、或細胞黏附分子),與免疫球蛋白恆定域(通常包括鉸鏈區域及Fc區域)結合。
「片段抗原結合(fragment antigen-binding)」(Fab)片段」係與抗原結合的抗體上的區域。其係由每一重鏈及輕鏈之一個恆定區與一個可變區組成。
基於尋求針對其進行保護的疾病的致病物(病原)選擇抗病原構築體。此等病原可為病毒、細菌或真菌來源,且可用於預防人類感染人類疾病,或用於非人類哺乳動物或其它動物以預防動物疾病。
rAAV可包括編碼抗體的基因,特別是針對病毒病原的中和抗體。此類抗病毒抗體可包括針對A型流感、B型流感及C型流感中的一種或多種的抗流感抗體。A型病毒為其中最具毒性的人類病原體。與大流行有關的A型流感的血清型包括:H1N1,導致了1918年的西班牙流感和2009年的豬流感;H2N2,導致了1957年的亞洲流感;H3N2,導致了1968年香港流感;H5N1,導致了2004年禽流感;H7N7;H1N2;H9N2;H7N2;H7N3;及H10N7。其它目標病原性病毒包括:沙狀病毒(arenaviruses)(包括funinvirus、馬丘波病毒(Machupo virus)及賴薩病毒(Lassa virus))、絲狀病毒(filoviruse)(包括馬堡病毒(Marburg virus)及依波拉病毒(Ebola virus))、漢他病毒(hantavirus)、微小病毒科(picornaviridae)(包括鼻病毒(rhinovirus)、ECHO病毒(echovirus))、冠狀病毒(coronavirus)、副黏液病毒(paramyxovirus)、麻疹病毒屬(morbillivirus)、呼吸道融合病毒(respiratory synctial virus)、披衣病毒(togavirus)、柯沙奇病毒(coxsackievirus)、JC病毒、小病毒B19、副流感病毒、腺病毒、里奧病毒(reoviruses)、天花(主天花病毒(Variola major (Smallpox))及來自痘病毒科的牛痘(Vaccinia)(Cowpox)、及水痘帶狀皰狀病毒(varicella-zoster)(假性狂犬病(pseudorabies))。由沙狀病毒科的成員(賴薩熱)(該科亦與淋巴球性脈絡叢腦膜炎(Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM))有關)、絲狀病毒(依波拉病毒)、及漢他病毒(普馬拉病毒(puremala))引起的病毒出血熱。微小病毒的成員(鼻病毒之亞科)與人類普通感冒有關。冠狀病毒科,包括許多非人類病毒,如傳染性支氣管炎病毒(家禽)、豬傳染性腸胃病毒(豬)、豬血凝素腦脊髓炎病毒(豬)、貓傳染性腹膜炎病毒(貓)、貓腸冠狀病毒(貓)、犬冠狀病毒(狗)。已推定人類呼吸道冠狀病毒與普通感冒、非A、B或C型肝炎及突發性急性呼吸道症候群(SARS)有關。副黏液病毒科包括1型副流感病毒、3型副流感病毒、3型牛副流感病毒、德國麻疹病毒屬(rubulavirus)(腮腺炎病毒(mumps virus)、2型副流感病毒、4型副流感病毒、新城病毒(Newcastle disease virus)(雞)、牛瘟、麻疹病毒屬,其包括麻疹和犬瘟熱,及肺炎病毒屬(pneumovirus),其包括呼吸道融合病毒(RSV)。小病毒科包括貓小病毒(貓腸炎)、貓泛白血球減少症病毒、犬小病毒、及豬小病毒。腺病毒科包括病毒(EX、AD7、ARD、O.B.),其引起呼吸道疾病。如此,於某些具體實施例,如本文所述之rAAV載體可為經工程化以表現抗依波拉抗體(例如,2G4、4G7、13C6)、抗流感抗體(例如,FI6、CR8033)、及抗RSV抗體(例如,帕利珠單抗(palivizumab)、莫維珠單抗(motavizumab))。亦可選擇針對細菌病原體之中和抗體構築體用於本發明。於一具體實施例,中和抗體構築體係針對細菌本身。於另一具體實施例,中和抗體構築體係針對由細菌所產生的毒素。空氣傳播的細菌病原之例包括例如,腦膜炎奈瑟菌(
Neisseria meningitidis)(腦膜炎)、克雷白氏肺炎(
Klebsiella pneumonia)(肺炎)、銅綠假單胞菌(
Pseudomonas aeruginosa)(肺炎)、類寄疽假單胞菌(
Pseudomonas pseudomallei)(肺炎)、鼻疽假單胞菌(
Pseudomonas mallei)(肺炎)、不動桿菌(Acinetobacter)(肺炎)、卡他莫拉菌(
Moraxella catarrhalis)、腔隙莫拉菌(
Moraxella lacunata)、產鹼桿菌屬(
Alkaligenes)、心桿菌屬(
Cardiobacterium)、流感嗜血桿菌(
Haemophilus influenzae)(流感)、副流感嗜血桿菌(
Haemophilus parainfluenzae)、百日咳博德氏桿菌(
Bordetella pertussis)(百日咳)、土拉文氏菌(
Francisella tularensis)(肺炎/發熱)、退伍軍人菌(
Legionella pneumonia)(退伍軍人病)、鸚鵡熱衣原體(
Chlamydia psittaci)(肺炎)、肺炎衣原體(
Chlamydia pneumoniae)(肺炎)、結核分枝桿菌(結核病(TB))、堪薩斯分枝桿菌(
Mycobacterium kansasii)(TB)、鳥分枝桿菌(
Mycobacterium avium)(肺炎)、星狀諾卡氏菌(
Nocardia asteroides)(肺炎)、炭疽桿菌(
Bacillus anthracis)(炭疽)、金黃色葡萄球菌(
Staphylococcus aureus)(肺炎)、釀膿鏈球菌(
Streptococcus pyogenes)(猩紅熱)、肺炎鏈球菌(
Streptococcus pneumoniae)(肺炎)、白喉桿菌(
Corynebacteria diphtheria)(白喉)、肺炎黴漿菌(
Mycoplasma pneumoniae)(肺炎)。
rAAV可包括編碼抗體的基因,特別是針對如炭疽之致病因子(一種由炭疽桿菌所產生的毒素)的細菌病原的中和抗體。已描述針對保護劑(PA)(形成類毒素之三種肽之一)的中和抗體。另外兩種多肽由致死因子(LF)和水腫因子(EF)組成。抗-PA中和抗體已描述為有效於進行針對炭疽的被動免疫。參見,例如
,美國專利號7,442,373;R. Sawada-Hirai et al, J Immune Based Ther Vaccines. 2004;2:5. (2004年5月12日在線)。已描述及/或可生成其它抗炭疽毒素中和抗體。相似地,可使用針對其它細菌及/或細菌毒素的中和抗體來產生如在此所述的遞送AAV的抗病原構築體。
抗傳染病的抗體可能由寄生蟲或真菌引起,包括例如,麴菌屬(Aspergillus species)、繖狀犁頭黴(
Absidia corymbifera)、匍枝根黴(
Rhixpus stolonifer)、毛黴菌(
Mucor plumbeaus)、新型隱球菌(
Cryptococcus neoformans)、莢膜組織孢漿菌(
Histoplasm capsulatum)、皮炎芽生菌(
Blastomyces dermatitidis)、粗球黴菌(
Coccidioides immitis)、青黴菌(
Penicilliumspecies)、乾草小多孢菌(
Micropolyspora faeni)、普通高溫放線菌(
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris)、互生鏈隔孢菌(
Alternaria alternate)、嗜果枝孢菌(
Cladosporiumspecies)、長蠕孢黴屬(
Helminthosporium)、及葡萄穗黴屬(
Stachybotrysspecies)。
rAAV可包括編碼抗體的基因,特別是針對疾病的病原因子之中和抗體,該疾病如阿茲海默氏症(AD)、帕金森氏症(PD)、GBA關聯的帕金森氏症(GBA-PD)、類風濕性關節炎(RA)、腸躁症候群(Irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、癌症、腫瘤、全身性硬化症、氣喘及其它疾病。此種抗體並無限制,可為例如,α-突觸核蛋白(alpha-synuclein)、抗血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)(抗VEGF)、抗VEGFA、抗PD-1、抗PDL1、抗CTLA-4、抗TNF-alpha、抗IL-17、抗IL-23、抗IL-21、抗IL-6、抗IL-6受體、抗IL-5、抗IL-7、抗因子XII、抗IL-2、抗HIV、抗IgE、抗腫瘤壞死因子受體-1 (TNFR1)、抗缺刻蛋白(notch)2/3、抗缺刻蛋白1、抗OX40、抗erb-b2受體酪胺酸激酶3 (ErbB3)、抗ErbB2、抗β細胞成熟抗原、抗B淋巴球刺激因子、抗CD20、抗HER2、抗顆粒球巨噬細胞群落刺激因子、抗抑癌蛋白(oncostatin)M (OSM)、抗淋巴球活化基因3(LAG3)蛋白、抗CCL20、抗血清澱粉樣P成分(SAP)、抗脯胺酸羥化酶抑制劑、抗CD38、抗醣蛋白IIb/IIIa、抗CD52、抗CD30、抗IL-1beta、抗表皮生長因子受體、抗CD25、抗RANK配體、抗補體系統蛋白C5、抗CD11a、抗CD3受體、抗α-4 (α4)整合素、抗RSV F蛋白、及抗整合素α
4β
7。對於所屬技術領域中具通常知識者而言,其它病原及疾病仍將為顯而易見。其它適合的抗體可包括彼等有用於治療阿茲海默氏症者,諸如例如,抗β類澱粉(例如,克雷內治單抗(crenezumab)、索拉珠單抗(solanezumab)、阿杜卡單抗(aducanumab))、抗β類澱粉纖絲、抗β類澱粉斑、抗τ (anti-tau)、巴皮紐阻單抗(bapineuzamab)等。用於治療多種適應症之其它適合的抗體包括描述於例如,2016年10月27日申請之PCT/US2016/058968中公開為WO 2017/075119A1者。
減少及/或調節基因表現對於治療以細胞過度增殖為特徵的過度增殖性疾病特別理想,如癌症和牛皮癬。目標多肽包括與正常細胞相比在過度增殖細胞中專門產生或以更高水平產生的彼等多肽。目標抗原包括由致癌基因編碼的多肽,如myb、myc、fyn、及易位基因bcr/abl、ras、src、P53、neu、trk及EGRF。除了致癌基因產物作為目標抗原外,抗癌治療及保護療法用之目標多肽包括由B細胞淋巴瘤產生的抗體的可變區及T細胞淋巴瘤的T細胞受體的可變區,於一些具體實施例,其亦使用作為自體免疫疾病的目標抗原。其它腫瘤相關多肽可用於作為目標多肽,諸如腫瘤細胞中發現有較高水平表現的多肽,包括被單株抗體17-1A識別的多肽及葉酸結合多肽。
其它合適的治療性多肽和蛋白質包括彼等藉由賦予針對與自體免疫相關之目標的廣泛基礎的保護性免疫反應,可用於治療罹患自體免疫疾病及病症的個體的多肽和蛋白質,該目標包括細胞受體及產生「自我」導向抗體的細胞。T細胞媒介的自體免疫疾病包括類風濕性關節炎(RA)、多發性硬化症(MS)、休格倫氏症候群、結節病、胰島素依賴型糖尿病(IDDM)、自體免疫甲狀腺炎、反應性關節炎、強直性脊柱炎、硬皮病、多發性肌炎、皮肌炎、牛皮癬、血管炎、華格納氏肉芽病、克隆氏病及潰瘍性結腸炎。此等疾病中的每一種皆具有與內源性抗原結合並引發與自體免疫疾病相關的炎症性級聯反應的T細胞受體(TCR)。
替代地或附加地,載體可含有本發明的AAV序列及編碼誘導對所選免疫原的免疫反應的肽、多肽或蛋白質的轉基因。例如,免疫原可選自多種病毒科。需要針對其進行免疫反應的理想病毒科之例包括微小病毒(picornavirus)科,其包括鼻病毒,負責約50%的普通感冒病例;腸病毒屬,其包括脊髓灰白質炎病毒(poliovirus)、柯沙奇病毒、ECHO病毒、及人類腸病毒如A型肝炎病毒;及口蹄疫病毒屬(apthovirus),其引起口蹄疫,主要於非人類動物。微小病毒科之病毒中,目標抗原包括VP1、VP2、VP3、VP4及VPG。另外的病毒科包括杯狀病毒科(calcivirus family),其涵蓋諾瓦克病毒群(Norwalk group of viruses),其為傳染性腸胃炎的重要致病因子。希望用於靶向抗原以誘導於人類及非人類動物中的免疫反應的另一種病毒科為披衣病毒科(togavirus family),該病毒科包括α病毒屬(alphavirus),該病毒屬包括辛得比斯病病毒(Sindbis virus)、羅斯河病毒(RossRiver virus)、以及委内瑞拉、東方及西方馬腦炎、以及風疹病毒屬(rubivirus)(包括風疹病毒)。黃病毒科(flaviviridae family)包括登革熱、黃熱病、日本腦炎、聖路易腦炎(St. Louis encephalitis)、以及蜱傳染腦炎的病毒。其它目標抗原可由C型肝炎病毒或冠狀病毒科產生,其包括許多非人類病毒如傳染性支氣管炎病毒(家禽)、豬傳染性腸胃病毒(豬)、豬血凝素腦脊髓炎病毒(豬)、貓傳染性腹膜炎病毒(貓)、貓腸冠狀病毒(貓)、犬冠狀病毒(狗)以及人類呼吸道冠狀病毒,此等病毒可引起感冒及/或非A型、B型或C型肝炎。於冠狀病毒科,目標抗原包括E1(亦稱為M或基質蛋白)、E2(亦稱為S或棘蛋白(Spike protein))、E3(亦稱為HE或血凝素酯酶)糖蛋白(不存在於所有冠狀病毒中)、或者N(核酸蛋白殼)。再其它抗原可為針對棒狀病毒科(rhabdovirus family)而被靶向,其包括水泡性病毒屬(vesiculovirus)(例如,水泡性口炎病毒)及麗沙病毒屬(lyssavirus)(例如,狂犬病)。於棒狀病毒科中,適合的抗原可源自G蛋白或N蛋白。絲狀病毒科(filoviridae)可為一種適合的抗原來源,其包括出血熱病毒如馬堡病毒及依波拉病毒。副黏病毒科包括1型副流感病毒、3型副流感病毒、3型牛副流感病毒、德國麻疹病毒(腮腺炎病毒)、2型副流感病毒、4型副流感病毒、新城病毒(雞)、牛瘟病毒、麻疹病毒(包括麻疹及犬瘟熱病毒)、以及肺炎病毒(包括呼吸道融合病毒)。流感病毒被分類於正黏液病毒科,為一種適合的抗原來源(例如,HA蛋白、N1蛋白)。崩芽病毒科(bunyavirus family)包括崩芽毒屬(加利福尼亞腦炎,拉克羅斯(La Crosse))、弗氏病毒(phlebovirus)(裂谷熱)、漢他病毒(普馬拉病毒(puremala)為一種出血熱病毒)、內羅畢病毒(nairovirus)(奈洛比綿羊病)以及各種未命名崩芽病毒。沙狀病毒科提供針對LCM及賴薩熱病毒的抗原來源。里奧病毒科包括里奧病毒屬、輪狀病毒(rotavirus)(其引起兒童急性胃腸炎)、環狀病毒(orbivirus)、及科羅拉多蜱熱病毒(cultivirus)(科羅拉多蜱熱、勒邦博病(Lebombo)(人類)、馬腦炎、藍舌病)。
反轉錄病毒科(retrovirus family)包括致癌病毒(oncorivirinal)亞科,其涵蓋此類人類及動物疾病如猫白血病病毒、HTLVI及HTLVII、慢病毒(lentivirinal)(包括人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、猿猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)、猫免疫缺陷病毒(FIV)、馬傳染性貧血病毒、以及泡沫病毒(spumavirinal))。於HIV及SIV之間,已描述許多適合的抗原且可容易被選擇。適合的HIV及SIV抗原之例包括(未限於)gag、pol、Vif、Vpx、VPR、Env、Tat及Rev蛋白質,以及其各種片段。此外,已描述對此等抗原的多種修飾。為此目的之適合抗原為所屬技術領域中具通常知識者已知。例如,可選擇編碼gag、pol、Vif、及Vpr、Env、Tat及Rev及其它蛋白質等的序列。參見,例如,經修飾的gag蛋白質描述於美國專利號5,972,596。亦參見,描述於D.H. Barouch et al, J. Virol., 75(5):2462-2467 (2001年3月)、及R.R. Amara, et al, Science, 292:69-74 (2001年4月6日)之HIV及SIV蛋白質。此等蛋白質或其次單元可被單獨遞送,或經由各別載體或形成單一載體組合遞送。
乳多泡病毒科(papovavirus family)包括多瘤病毒(polyomavirus)亞科(BKU和JCU病毒)及乳頭瘤病毒(papillomavirus)亞科(與癌症或乳頭狀瘤的惡性進展相關)。腺病毒科包括引起呼吸性疾病及/或腸炎的病毒(EX、AD7、ARD、O.B.)。小病毒科包括貓小病毒(貓腸炎)、貓泛白血球減少症病毒(feline panleucopeniavirus)、犬小病毒、以及豬小病毒。皰疹病毒科包括α皰疹病毒科,包括單純皰疹病毒屬(HSVI、HSVII)、水痘皰疹病毒屬(varicellovirus)(假性狂犬病、水痘-帶狀皰疹)以及β皰疹病毒亞科,包括巨細胞病毒屬(HCMV、鼠巨細胞病毒)以及γ皰疹病毒亞科,包括淋巴隱病毒屬(lymphocryptovirus)、EBV(伯奇氏淋巴瘤(Burkitts lymphoma))、傳染性鼻氣管炎、馬立克氏病病毒(Marek's disease virus)、以及猴病毒屬(rhadinovirus)。痘病毒科包括索痘病毒亞科(subfamily chordopoxvirinae),包括正痘病毒屬(orthopoxvirus)(天花屬(天花)和牛痘屬(牛痘))、副痘病毒、禽痘病毒、山羊痘病毒、兔痘病毒、豬痘病毒、以及昆蟲痘病毒亞科(subfamily entomopoxvirinae)。肝病毒科(hepadnavirus family)包括B型肝炎病毒。一種可以作為適合抗原來源的未分類病毒是D型肝炎病毒。再其它病毒來源可以包括禽類傳染性黏液囊病病毒和豬繁殖和呼吸障礙綜合症病毒。α病毒科包括馬動脈炎病毒和各種腦炎病毒。
rAAV亦可遞送編碼免疫原的序列,該免疫原有用於免疫人類或非人類動物以對抗其它病原,包括細菌、真菌、寄生性微生物或多細胞寄生蟲,其感染人類和非人類脊椎動物或者是來自癌細胞或腫瘤細胞。細菌性病原之例包括病原性革蘭氏陽性球菌(包括肺炎雙球菌);葡萄球菌;以及鏈球菌。病原性革蘭氏陰性球菌包括腦膜炎球菌;淋球菌。病原性腸道革蘭氏陰性桿菌包括腸桿菌屬;假單胞菌屬、不動桿菌屬及艾肯菌屬(eikenella);類鼻疽(melioidosis);沙門氏菌屬;賀氏菌屬;嗜血桿菌屬;莫拉氏菌屬(moraxella);杜克嗜血桿菌(
H. ducreyi)(引起軟下疳(chancroid));布魯氏菌屬(Brucella);土倫病法蘭西斯氏菌(
Franisella tularensis)(引起兔熱病);耶氏桿菌(Yersinia)(巴斯德菌屬);念珠狀鏈桿菌(streptobacillus moniliformis)及螺菌屬(spirillum);革蘭氏陽性桿菌包括單核細胞增生李斯特菌(listeria monocytogenes);紅斑丹毒絲菌(erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae);白喉棒狀桿菌(白喉);霍亂菌;炭疽桿菌(炭疽);杜諾凡病菌(donovanosis)(腹股溝肉芽腫(granuloma inguinale));以及巴通體病菌(bartonellosis)。由病原性厭氧細菌引起的疾病包括破傷風;肉毒桿菌中毒;其它梭狀芽孢桿菌病;結核病;麻風病;以及其它分枝桿菌病。病原性螺旋體病包括梅毒;密螺旋體病(treponematoses): 莓疹病(yaws)、品他病(pinta)及地方性梅毒;以及鉤端螺旋體病(leptospirosis)。由高等病原性細菌和病原性真菌引起的其它感染包括放線菌病;諾卡氏放線菌病;隱球菌病、芽生菌病(blastomycosis)、組織胞漿菌病以及球孢子菌病;念珠菌病、麴菌病及白黴菌症(mucormycosis);孢子絲菌病(sporotrichosis);副球孢子菌病(paracoccidiodomycosis)、波氏黴菌病(petriellidiosis)、球擬酵母菌屬(torulopsosis)、足分枝菌病(mycetoma)及著色芽生菌病(chromomycosis);以及皮膚真菌病。立克次氏體感染包括斑疹傷寒、洛磯山斑疹熱、Q熱、及立克次氏體痘。黴漿菌及披衣菌感染之例包括:肺炎黴漿菌;性病性淋巴肉芽腫(lymphogranuloma venereum);鸚鵡熱;及週產期披衣菌感染(perinatal chlamydial infections)。病原性真核生物包括病原性原生動物和蠕蟲且由其產生的感染包括:阿米巴病;瘧疾;利什曼病;錐蟲病;弓形蟲病;卡氏肺囊蟲(
Pneumocystis carinii);
Trichans;弓蟲(
Toxoplasma gondii);焦蟲病;梨形鞭毛蟲症;旋毛蟲病;絲蟲病;血吸蟲病;線蟲病;吸蟲(trematode)或吸蟲(fluke)病;及絛蟲(cestode)(絛蟲(tapeworm))感染。
此等有機體及/或其產生的毒素中有許多已被疾病控制中心[(CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, USA]認定為是具有用於生物攻擊的潛力的物質。例如,一些此類生物物質包括炭疽桿菌(炭疽)、肉毒桿菌及其毒素(肉毒桿菌毒素)、鼠疫耶氏桿菌(Yersinia pestis)(鼠疫)、大天花(天花)、野兔熱弗朗西絲菌(Francisella tularensis)(兔熱病)及病毒性出血熱,其所有目前皆被分類為A類物質;伯內特科克斯立克次體(Coxiella burnetti)(Q熱)、布氏桿菌(布氏桿菌病)、鼻疽伯克霍爾德氏菌(Burkholderia mallei)(鼻疽)、蓖麻(Ricinus communis)及其毒素(蓖麻蛋白毒素)、產氣莢膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringen)及其毒素(ε毒素)、葡萄球菌及其毒素(腸毒素B),其所有目前皆被分類為B類物質;及尼帕病毒(Nipan virus)和漢他病毒,其所有目前皆被分類為C類物質。此外,其它如此分類或不同分類的有機體可於將來被鑒定及/或用於這種目的。容易理解的是,本文所述的病毒載體及其它構築體有用於遞送來自此等有機體、病毒、其毒素或其它副產物的抗原,其將預防及/或治療此等生物物質引起的感染或其它不良反應。
針對T細胞的可變區來投予本發明之載體以遞送免疫原,誘發免疫反應(包括CTL)以消除彼等T細胞。於類風濕性關節炎(RA)中,已描繪出涉及此疾病的T細胞受體(TCRs)的數種特異性可變區。此等TCRs包括V-3、V-14、V-17及Vα-17。如此,遞送編碼此等多肽的至少一者的核酸序列將誘發免疫反應,該免疫反應將靶向RA中涉及的T細胞。於多發性硬化症(MS),已描繪出涉及此疾病的TCRs的數種特異性可變區。此等TCRs包括V-7及Vα-10。如此,遞送編碼此等多肽的至少一者的核酸序列將誘發免疫反應,該免疫反應將靶向MS中涉及的T細胞。於硬皮病,已描繪出涉及此疾病的TCRs的數種特異性可變區。此等TCRs包括V‑6、V‑8、V‑14及Vα‑16、Vα‑3C、Vα‑7、Vα‑14、Vα‑15、Vα‑16、Vα‑28及 Vα‑12。如此,遞送編碼此等多肽的至少一者的核酸序列將誘發免疫反應,該免疫反應將靶向硬皮病中涉及的T細胞。
於一具體實施例,選擇轉基因以提供光遺傳學治療。在光遺傳學治療中,人造光受體係通過將光激活通道或泵向剩餘的視網膜迴路中尚存的細胞類型進行基因遞送而構築。此對於失去大量光受體功能,但神經節細胞和視神經的雙極細胞迴路仍然完整的患者特別有用。於一具體實施例,異源性核酸序列(轉基因)為一種視蛋白(opsin)。視蛋白序列可衍生自任何適合的單或多細胞有機體,包括人類、藻類及細菌。於一具體實施例,該視蛋白為視紫質(rhodopsin)、光蛋白(photopsin)、L/M波長(紅/綠)-視蛋白、或短波長(S)視蛋白(藍)。於另一具體實施例,該視蛋白為光敏通道蛋白(channelrhodopsin)或鹽系菌視紫紅質(halorhodopsin)。
於另一具體實施例,選擇轉基因以用於基因增強治療(gene augmentation therapy),即,提供缺失或有缺陷的基因的替代副本。於此具體實施例中,所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可容易地選擇轉基因以提供必要的替代基因。於一具體實施例,此缺失或有缺陷的基因係關於眼疾。於另一具體實施例,轉基因為NYX、GRM6、TRPM1L或GPR179且該眼疾為先天性停滯型夜盲症(Congenital Stationary Night Blindness)。參見,例如,Zeitz et al, Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Jan 10;92(1):67-75. Epub 2012年12月13日,其藉由引用併入本文。於另一具體實施例,轉基因為RPGR。於另一具體實施例,該基因為CHM編碼的Rab escort protein 1 (REP-1),與無脈絡膜(choroideremia)有關。
於另一具體實施例,選擇轉基因以用於基因抑制治療(gene suppression therapy),即,一種以上天然基因的表現於轉錄或轉譯水平被中斷或抑制。此可使用短髮夾RNA(shRNA)或本領域眾所周知的其它技術來完成。參見,例如,Sun et al, Int J Cancer. 2010 Feb 1;126(3):764-74 and O'Reilly M, et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Jul;81(1):127-35,其藉由引用而併入本文。於此具體實施例中,所屬技術領域中具通常知識者基於所欲使沉默的基因可容易選擇。
於另一具體實施例,轉基因包含多於一種之轉基因。此可使用帶有二種以上異源性序列的單一載體或使用各自帶有一種以上異源性序列的二種以上之二種以上而完成。於一具體實施例,rAAV用於基因抑制(或敲減)和基因增強共治療。於敲減/增強共治療中,感興趣的基因的缺陷拷貝被沉默,且提供未突變的拷貝。於一具體實施例,此係使用兩種以上共同投予的載體實現。參見,Millington-Ward et al, Molecular Therapy,2011年4月, 19(4):642-649,其藉由引用併入本文。基於所欲結果,所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可容易選擇該轉基因。
於另一具體實施例,選擇轉基因以用於基因矯正治療(gene correction therapy)。其可使用下列完成,例如,鋅指核酸酶(zinc-finger nuclease,ZFN)誘導的DNA雙股斷裂與外源DNA供體基質結合來實現。參見,例如,Ellis et al, Gene Therapy (epub 2012年1月) 20:35-42,其藉由引用併入本文。於一具體實施例,轉基因編碼選自巨核酸酶(meganuclease)、鋅指核酸酶、類轉錄活化因子核酸酶(transcription activator‐like (TAL) effector nuclease (TALEN))及常間回文重複序列叢集(clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR))/內核酸酶(Cas9, Cpf1, etc)的核酸酶。適合的巨核酸酶之例描述於例如,US 8,445,251;US 9,340,777;US 9,434,931;US 9,683,257,及WO 2018/195449。其它適合的酵素包括可以核酸編程的方式結合RNA之核酸酶失活的釀膿鏈球菌(S. pyogenes)CRISPR/Cas9 (Nelles et al, Programmable RNA Tracking in Live Cells with CRISPR/Cas9, Cell, 165(2):P488-96 (2016年4月)),及鹼基編輯器(base editors)(例如,Levy et al. Cytosine and adenine base editing of the brain, liver, retina, heart and skeletal muscle of mice via adeno-associated viruses, Nature Biomedical Engineering, 4, 97-110 (Jan 2020))。於某些具體實施例,核酸酶不為鋅指核酸酶。於某些具體實施例,核酸酶不為CRISPR-有關的核酸酶。於某些具體實施例,核酸酶不為TALEN。於一具體實施例,核酸酶不為巨核酸酶。於某些具體實施例,核酸酶為歸巢內切酶(homing endonuclease)之LAGLIDADG (SEQ ID NO:45)家族之一員。於某些具體實施例,核酸酶為歸巢內切酶之I-CreI家族之一員,其辨識並切出22個鹼基對辨識序列SEQ ID NO:46 - CAAAACGTCGTGAGACAGTTTG。參見,例如,WO 2009/059195。描述用於合理設計單-LAGLIDADG歸巢內切酶的方法,其能夠全面地重新設計ICreI和其它歸巢內切酶以靶向廣泛不同的DNA位點,包括於哺乳動物、酵母、植物、細菌及病毒基因體中的位點(WO 2007/047859)。
於某些具體實施例,本文提供基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統。此基因編輯核酸酶靶向與疾病有關的基因(即,感興趣的基因)中的位點。
於某些具體實施例,AAV系基因編輯核酸酶系統包含一種rAAV,該rAAV包含AAV衣殼及被包入其中的載體基因體,其中該載體基因體包含AAV 5’反向末端重複(ITR)、包含編碼基因編輯核酸酶的核酸序列的表現匣(該核酸酶辨識並切割感興趣之基因中的辨識位,其中該基因編輯核酸酶編碼序列可操作連結至於包含感興趣的細胞中指導其表現的表現控制序列)、及AAV 3’ ITR。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu71/74的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu79的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu80的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu83的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu74/71的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu77的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu78/88的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu70的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu72的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu75的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu76的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu81的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu82的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu84的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu86的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu87的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu88/78的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu69的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh75的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh76的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh77的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh78的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh79的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh81的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh89的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh82的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh83的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh84的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh85的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVrh87的基因編輯核酸酶系統。於某些具體實施例,基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統為基於rAAVhu73的基因編輯核酸酶系統。
本文亦提供一種使用基於rAAV的基因編輯核酸酶系統的治療方法。
於一些具體實施例,使用基於rAAV的基因編輯巨核酸酶系統用於治療疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況。於一些具體實施例,基因編輯核酸酶靶向感興趣的基因,其中感興趣的基因具有一或多個基因突變、缺失、插入、及/或與疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況有關或牽涉其中的缺陷。於一些具體實施例,選擇此病症但未限於心血管、肝臟、內分泌或代謝、肌肉骨骼、神經、、及/或腎臟疾病。
於某些具體實施例,指示的心血管疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況包括但未限於心血管疾病(與溶血磷脂酸(lysophosphatidic acid)、脂蛋白(a)、或血管生成素樣蛋白3 (ANGPTL3)、或載脂蛋白(apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3))編碼基因有關)、阻斷凝血、血栓形成、終末期腎病、凝血障礙(與因子XI(F11)編碼基因相關)、高血壓(血管緊張素原(AGT)編碼基因)、及心衰竭(血管緊張素原(AGT)編碼基因)。
於某些具體實施例,指示的肝臟疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況包括但未限於特發性肺纖維化(與SERPINH1/Hsp47基因有關)、肝病(與羥基類固醇17-β脫氫酶13(HSD17B13)編碼基因有關)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)(與二醯基甘油O-醯基轉移酶-2 (DGAT2)、羥基類固醇17-β脫氫酶13(HSD17B13)、或含馬鈴薯糖蛋白樣磷脂酶域3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3))編碼基因有關)、及酒精使用疾患(與醛脫氫酶2 (ALDH2)編碼基因有關)。
於某些具體實施例,指示的肌肉骨骼疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況包括但未限於肌肉失養症(與肌肉萎縮蛋白、或整合素α(4)(VLA-4)(CD49D)編碼基因有關)、裘馨氏肌肉失養症(DMD,Duchene muscular dystrophy)(與肌肉萎縮蛋白(DMD)基因有關)、中央核肌肉病變(centronuclear myopathy)(與縊斷蛋白(dynamin)2 (DNM2)編碼基因有關)、及肌強直性營養不良(myotonic dystrophy)(DM1)(與肌強直性營養不良蛋白質激酶(DMPK)編碼基因有關)。
於某些具體實施例,指示的內分泌或代謝疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況包括但未限於高三酸甘油酯血症(hypertriglyceridemia)(與載脂蛋白C-III (APOC3)或血管生成素樣蛋白3 (ANGPTL3)編碼基因有關)、脂質失養症(lipodystrophy)、高血脂症(hyperlipidemia)(與脂蛋白元C-III (APOC3)編碼基因有關)、高膽固醇血症(hypercholesterolemia)(與脂蛋白元B-100 (APOB-100)、前蛋白轉化酶枯草桿菌蛋白酶kexin 9型(proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9,PCSK9)有關)或類澱粉變性症(amyloidosis)(與甲狀腺素運載蛋白(TTR)編碼基因有關)、紫質症(與胺基乙醯丙酸合成酶-1 (aminolevulinate synthase-1,ALAS-1)編碼基因有關)、神經病變(與甲狀腺素運載蛋白(TTR)編碼基因有關)、原發型高草酸鹽尿症1型(primary hyperoxaluria type 1)(與葡糖酸氧化(glycolate oxidase)編碼基因有關)、糖尿病(與昇糖素受體(GCGR)編碼基因有關)、肢端肥大症(acromegaly)(生長激素受體(GHR)編碼基因)、α-1抗胰蛋白酶不足(α-1 antitrypsin deficiency,AATD)(與α-1抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)編碼基因有關)、丙酸血症(propionic acidemia)(丙醯基-CoA羧酶(PCCA/PCCB)編碼基因)、肝醣儲積症III型(GDSIII)(與肝醣脫支酶(GSDIII)編碼基因有關)、心臟代謝疾病(與去唾液酸糖蛋白(asialoglycoprotein,ASGPR)、羥基酸氧化酶1 (HAO1)或α-1抗胰蛋白酶(SERPINA1)編碼基因有關)、甲基丙二酸血症(methylmalonic acidemia,MMA)(與甲基丙二醯輔酶A變位酶(MMUT)、鈷胺素(Ⅰ)腺苷轉移酶 (cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase,MMAA或MMAB)、甲基丙二醯輔酶A表異構酶(methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase,MCEE)、含LMBR1域1 (LMBR1 domain containing 1,LMBRD1)或ATP結合匣亞科D成員4 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily D member 4,ABCD4)編碼基因有關)、肝醣儲積症1a型(與葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶催化亞基相關蛋白(Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein,G6PC)編碼基因有關)及苯丙酮尿症(phenylketonuria,PKU)(與苯丙胺酸羥化酶(phenylalanine hydroxylase,PAH)編碼基因有關)。
於某些具體實施例,所指之神經系統疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況包括,但不限於,脊髓性肌萎縮症(SMA)(與運動神經元存活蛋白(survival motor neuron protein,SMN2)基因有關)、肌肉萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、過氧化物歧化酶1型(superoxide dismutase type 1,SOD1)、FUS RNA結合蛋白(FUS)、microRNA-155、染色體9開放閱讀框72 (C9orf72)或ataxin-2 (ATXN2)基因)、杭丁頓氏舞蹈症(與亨丁頓蛋白(huntingtin,HTT)基因有關)、hATTR多發性神經病變(與甲狀腺素運載蛋白(TTR)基因有關)、阿茲海默氏症(與MAP-tau (MAPT)基因有關)、多系統萎縮(與α-突觸核蛋白(α-synuclein,SNCA)有關)、帕金森氏症(與α-突觸核蛋白(SNCA)、富白胺酸重複激酶2(leucine rich repeat kinase 2,LRRK2)基因有關)、中央核肌肉病變(與縊斷蛋白2 (DNM2)基因有關)、Angelman氏症候群(與泛素蛋白連接酶(ubiquitin protein ligase E3A,UBE3A)基因有關)、癲癇(與肝醣合成酶1 (GYS1)基因有關)、卓飛症候群(Dravet Syndrome)(與鈉電壓閘控通道α次單位1 (SNC1A)基因有關)、腦白質失養症(Leukodystrophy)(與神經膠質纖維酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)基因有關)、普里昂疾病(prion disease)(與普里昂蛋白(PRNP)基因有關)及遺傳性腦出血合併澱粉樣變性-荷蘭型(Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type,HCHWA-D)(與澱粉樣β前體蛋白(APP)基因有關)。
於某些具體實施例,所指之腎疾病、病症、症候群及/或病況包括,但不限於,腎小球性腎炎(Glomerulonephritis)(IgA腎病)(與補體因子B編碼基因有關)、Alport徵候群(與在PPARα傳訊路徑中之蛋白質有關)及神經病變(與脂蛋白元L1 (APOL1)編碼基因有關)或APOL1相關慢性腎病。
於某些具體實施例,基因編輯核酸酶靶向感興趣的基因,其中感興趣的基因包括,但不限於溶血磷脂酸編碼基因、脂蛋白(a)編碼基因、ANGPTL3、APOC3、F11、AGT、SERPINH1/Hsp47、HSD17B13、DGAT2、PNPLA3、ALDH2、DMD、VLA-4、DNM2DM1、DMPK、APOC3、ANGPTL3、APOB-100、PCSK9、TTR、ALAS-1、乙醇酸氧化酶編碼基因、GCGR、GHR、AATD、AAT、PCCA、PCCB、GDSIII、ASGPR、HAO1、SERPINA1、MMA、MMUT、MMAA、MMAB、MCEE、LMBRD1、ABCD4、G6PC、PAH、SMN2、SOD1、FUS、C9orf72、ATXN2、HTT、MAPT、SNCA、LRRK2、UBE3A、GYS1、SNC1A、GFAP、PRNP、APP、補體因子B編碼基因、APOL1、AAS1、SLC25A13基因。
適合的基因編輯目標包括,例如,肝臟表現的基因,例如(無限制),前蛋白轉化酶枯草溶菌素/kexin 9型(proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9))(膽固醇相關病症)、甲狀腺素運載蛋白(TTR)(甲狀腺素運載蛋白類澱粉變性症(transthyretin amyloidosis))、HAO、脂蛋白元C-III (APOC3)、因子VIII、因子IX、低密度脂蛋白受體(LDLr)、脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)(脂蛋白脂酶缺乏)、卵磷脂-膽固醇醯基轉移酶(lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT))、鳥胺酸胺甲醯基轉移酶(OTC)、肌肽酶(carnosinase)(CN1)、神經鞘磷脂磷酸二脂酶(SMPD1)(尼曼匹克症)、次黃嘌呤-鳥嘌呤磷酸核苷轉移酶(HGPRT)、支鏈α-酮酸脫氫酶複合物(branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex,BCKDC)(楓糖尿病)、促紅血球形成素(EPO)、胺甲醯基-磷酸合成酶(CPS1)、N-乙醯麩胺酸合成酶(N-Acetylglutamate Synthetase,NAGS)、精胺酸琥珀酸合成酶(瓜胺酸血症)、精胺基琥珀酸裂解酶(ASL)(精胺酸琥珀酸酵素缺乏症(Argininosuccinic Aciduria))、及精胺酸酶(AG)。
其它基因編輯目標可包括,例如,羥甲基膽素合成酶(HMBS)、胺甲醯基合成酶I、鳥胺酸胺甲醯基轉移酶(OTC)、精胺基琥珀酸合成酶、α-1抗胰蛋白酶(A1AT)、治療精胺基琥珀酸裂解酶缺乏用之精胺基琥珀酸裂解酶(ASL)、精胺酸酶、胡索醯乙醯乙酸水解酶、苯丙胺酸羥化酶、α-1抗胰蛋白酶、恆河獼猴甲型胎兒蛋白(AFP)、恆河獼猴絨毛膜促性腺激素(CG)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶、紫質膽素原脫胺基酶、胱硫醚貝他合成酶、支鏈酮酸脫羧基酶、白蛋白、異戊醯輔酶A脫氫酶、丙醯輔酶A羧化酶、甲基丙二醯輔酶A變位酶(MUT)、戊二基輔酶A脫氫酶、胰島素、β-葡糖苷酶、丙酮酸羧化酶、肝磷酸化酶、磷酸化酶激酶、甘胺酸脫羧基酶、H-蛋白、T蛋白、囊性纖維化轉膜調節子(CFTR)序列、及肌肉萎縮蛋白基因產物[例如,袖珍或微小肌肉萎縮蛋白]。再其它有用的基因產物包括酶,如可用於酶替代療法的酶,其可用於因酶活性不足導致的多種病症。例如,含有6-磷酸甘露糖的酶可用於胞溶體貯積症的治療(例如,適合的基因包括編碼β-葡萄醣醛酸酶(GUSB)的基因)。於另一例中,基因產物為泛素蛋白連接酶。與肝醣儲積症或缺乏1A型(GSD1)有關的葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶;與PEPCK缺乏有關的磷酸烯醇丙酮酸-羧激酶(PEPCK);第五型類细胞週期蛋白依賴激酶(CDKL5),亦稱為與癲癇發作和嚴重的神經發育障礙有關的絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶9(STK9);與半乳糖血症有關的半乳糖-1-磷酸尿苷醯轉移酶;與苯丙酮尿症(PKU)有關的苯丙胺酸羥化酶(PAH);與第一型原發性高草酸鹽尿症有關的基因產物,包括羥基酸氧化酶1 (GO/HAO1)及AGXT;與楓糖尿病有關的支鏈α-酮酸脫氫酶,包括BCKDH、BCKDH-E2、BAKDH-E1a、及BAKDH-E1b;與酪胺酸血症第一型有關的延胡索醯乙醯乙酸水解酶;與甲基丙二酸血症有關的甲基丙二醯輔酶A變位酶;與中鏈乙醯輔酶A缺乏症有關的中鏈醯基輔酶A脫氫酶;與鳥胺酸胺甲醯基轉移酶缺乏症有關的鳥胺酸胺甲醯基轉移酶(OTC);與瓜胺酸血症有關的精胺酸琥珀酸合成酶(ASS1);卵磷脂-膽固醇醯基轉移酶(LCAT)缺乏症;甲基丙二酸血症(MMA);與尼曼匹克症第Cl型有關的NPC1;丙酸血症(PA);與和甲狀腺素運載蛋白相關的遺傳性類澱粉變性有關的TTR;與如述於WO 2015/164778之家族性高膽固醇血症(FH)、LDLR變異體有關的低密度脂蛋白受體(LDLR)蛋白質;PCSK9;與失智症有關之ApoE及ApoC蛋白;與克-納二氏病有關之UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基轉移酶;與嚴重聯合免疫缺陷病有關的腺苷脫胺酶;與痛風及萊希-尼亨症候群有關之次黃嘌呤鳥嘌呤磷酸核苷轉移酶;與生物素酶缺乏症有關之生物素酶;與法布瑞氏症)有關的α-半乳糖苷酶A(α-Gal A);與GM1神經節苷脂儲積症有關的β-半乳糖苷酶(GLB1);與威爾森氏病有關的ATP7B;與高歇氏病第2及3型有關之β-葡萄糖腦甘脂酶;與齊威格氏症候群有關之過氧化體膜蛋白70 kDa;與異染性腦白質失養症有關的芳基硫酸酯酶A (ARSA);與克拉培氏病有關的半乳糖腦苷脂酶(
GALC)酵素;與龐貝氏症有關的α-葡萄糖苷酶(GAA);與A型尼曼匹克症有關之神經髓磷脂酶(SMPD1)基因;與成人發作第II型瓜胺酸血症(CTLN2)有關的精胺基琥珀酸合成酶;與尿素循環障礙有關的胺甲醯基磷酸合成酶1(CPS1);與脊髓性肌萎縮症有關之存活運動神經元(SMN)蛋白;與法伯脂肪肉芽腫病有關的神經醯胺酶;與GM2神經節苷脂儲積症及戴氏-薩克斯氏病及山多夫氏病有關的β-己醣胺酶;與天冬胺醯葡萄糖胺尿症有關的天冬胺醯葡萄糖胺酶;與岩藻糖沉積症有關的α-岩藻糖苷酶;與α-甘露糖沉積症有關的α-甘露糖苷酶;與急性間歇性紫質症(AIP)有關之紫質膽素原脫胺基酶;用於治療α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症(肺氣腫)之α-1抗胰蛋白酶;用於治療因地中海貧血或腎衰竭引起的貧血之促紅血球形成素;用於治療缺血性疾病之血管內皮生長因子、血管生成素-1及纖維母細胞生長因子;用於治療如例如在動脈粥樣硬化、血栓形成或栓塞中所見之阻塞的血管之血栓調節蛋白及組織因子途徑抑制劑;用於治療帕金森氏症之芳香族胺基酸去羧酶(AADC)及酪胺酸羥化酶(TH);β腎上腺素受體,受磷蛋白、肌(內)質網腺苷三磷酸酶-2(SERCA2)及心臟腺苷酸環化酶之反義或突變型用於充血性心臟衰竭的治療;用於治療各種癌症之腫瘤抑制基因,如p53;用於治療炎症及免疫病症及癌症之細胞介素,如各種介白素之一者;用於治療肌營養不良之肌肉萎縮蛋白或袖珍肌肉萎縮蛋白及肌肉萎縮相關蛋白或袖珍肌肉萎縮相關蛋白;及用於治療糖尿病之胰島素或GLP-1。
於一具體實施例,本文所述衣殼有用於CRISPR-Cas雙載體系統,描述於US公開專利申請案2018/0110877,2018年4月26日申請,其每一者藉由引用併入本文。衣殼亦有用於遞送歸巢內切酶或其它巨核酸酶。
於另一具體實施例,本文有用的轉基因包括報導子序列,其表現產生可偵測到的信號。此種報導子序列包括,但未限於,編碼下列的DNA序列:β-內醯胺酶、β-半乳糖苷酶(LacZ)、鹼性磷酸酶、胸苷激酶、綠色螢光蛋白(GFP)、紅色螢光蛋白(RFP)、氯黴素乙醯基轉移酶(chloramphenicol acetyltransferase,CAT)、螢光素酶、膜結合蛋白,包括例如,CD2、CD4、CD8、流感血球凝集素蛋白、及其它之所屬技術領域中熟知者,針對其存在或可以通過常規方法產生的高親和力抗體、及融合蛋白,包含適當融合至抗原標籤域的膜結合蛋白,其中抗原標籤域來自如血球凝集素或Myc。
於某些具體實施例,除了轉基因編碼序列,可包括另外的非AAV編碼序列,例如,肽、多肽、蛋白質、功能性RNA分子(例如,miRNA、miRNA抑制劑)或其它感興趣的基因產物。有用的基因產物可包括miRNAs。miRNAs及其它小干擾核酸經由目標RNA轉錄物的裂解/降解或目標傳訊RNA (mRNA)的轉譯壓制而調節基因表現。天然地表現miRNAs,通常作為最終19-25個非轉譯的RNA產物。通過與目標mRNAs之3′未轉譯區域(UTR)的序列特異性相互作用,miRNAs展示其活性。此等內源性表現的miRNAs形成髮夾前驅物,並隨後加工成miRNA雙股,並進一步加工成為「成熟」單股miRNA分子。此成熟miRNA引導一種多蛋白複合體(multiprotein complex),miRISC,其識別目標位,例如,於目標mRNAs之3′ UTR區域,基於其與成熟miRNA的互補性。
此等上述編碼序列,當與驅動其表現的調節元件連結時,提供可藉由常規方法檢測的信號,包括酵素性、放射照相、比色、螢光或其它光譜測定、螢光活化細胞分選測定及免疫測定,包括酵素結合免疫吸附測定(ELISA)、放射免疫測定(RIA)及免疫組織化學。例如,於標記序列為LacZ基因的情況下,藉由測定β-半乳糖苷酶活性來檢測攜帶信號的載體的存在。當轉基因為綠色螢光蛋白或螢光素酶時,藉由在發光計中通過顏色或發光可目測帶有信號的載體。
理想地,轉基因編碼在生物學及醫學上有用的產物,如蛋白質、肽、RNA、酵素或催化性RNA。理想的RNA分子包括shRNA、tRNA、dsRNA、核醣體RNA、催化RNA及反義RNA。有用的RNA序列之一例係在目標細胞中消除靶向的核酸序列的表現的一種序列。
調節序列包括習用控制元件,其以允許轉基因在如本文所述以載體轉染或以產生的病毒感染的細胞中轉錄、轉譯及/或表現的方式可操作地連接至轉基因。如本文所使用,「可操作連結」序列包括與感興趣的基因相鄰的表現控制序列及在反式或一距離上作用以控制感興趣的基因的表現控制序列兩者。
表現控制序列包括適當的轉錄起始、終止、啟動子及增強子序列;有效的RNA加工訊息如剪接及多腺苷酸化(polyA)訊息;穩定細胞質mRNA的序列;增強轉譯效率的序列(即Kozak一致序列);增強蛋白質穩定性的序列;及當需要時,增加編碼產物分泌的序列。在本領域中已知許多表現控制序列,包括啟動子,且可利用此等表現控制序列。
本文提供的構築體中有用的調節序列亦可含有內含子,期望位於啟動子/增強子序列與基因之間。一期望內含子序列係衍生自SV-40,為100 bp微型內含子剪接供體/剪接受體(splice donor/splice acceptor),稱為SD-SA。另外適合的序列包括土撥鼠肝炎病毒(woodchuck hepatitis virus)轉錄後元件(參見,例如,L. Wang and I. Verma, 1999 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 96:3906-3910)。PolyA訊息可衍生自許多適合物種,包括,但未限於人類及牛之SV-40。
在本文所述的方法中有用的rAAV的另一調節組件為內部核醣體進入位點(internal ribosome entry site,IRES)。可以使用IRES序列或其它適合的系統以從單個基因轉錄物中產生一個以上的多肽。IRES(或其它適合的序列)用於產生含有多於一條多肽鏈的蛋白質,或從相同細胞或在同一細胞內表現兩種不同的蛋白質。示例性IRES為脊髓灰質炎病毒內部核醣體進入序列,其支持在感光受體、RPE及神經節細胞中的轉基因表現。較佳地,IRES位於rAAV載體中轉基因的3’。
於某些具體實施例,載體基因體包含啟動子(或啟動子之功能性片段)。要在rAAV中使用的啟動子的選擇可從可以在所需目標細胞中表現所選轉的基因的多種組成型或誘導型啟動子中進行。於一具體實施例,目標細胞為眼細胞。啟動子可衍生自任何物種,包括人類。理想地,於一具體實施例,啟動子為「細胞特異性」。術語「細胞特異性」意指為重組載體選擇的特定啟動子可指導所選轉基因在特定細胞組織中的表現。於一具體實施例,啟動子對於轉基因於肌肉細胞中的表現為特異性的。於另一具體實施例,啟動子對於肺臟中的表現為特異性的。於另一具體實施例,啟動子對於轉基因於肝臟細胞中的表現為特異性的。於另一具體實施例,啟動子對於轉基因於呼吸道上皮中的表現為特異性的。於另一具體實施例,啟動子對於轉基因於神經元中的表現為特異性的。於另一具體實施例,啟動子對於轉基因於心臟中的表現為特異性的。
載體基因體通常含啟動子序列作為表現控制序列之一部分,例如,位於選擇的5’ ITR序列及免疫球白構築體編碼序列之間。於一具體實施例,於肝臟中表現為理想的。如此,於一具體實施例,使用肝臟特異性啟動子。肝臟特異性啟動子之例可包括,例如,甲狀腺素結合球蛋白(TBG)、白蛋白,Miyatake et al., (1997) J. Virol., 71:5124 32;B型肝炎病毒核啟動子,Sandig et al., (1996) Gene Ther., 3:1002 9;或人類α1-抗胰蛋白酶、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸-羧激酶(PECK)、或α胎兒蛋白(AFP),Arbuthnot et al., (1996) Hum. Gene Ther., 7:1503 14)。組織特異性啟動子、組成型啟動子、誘導型啟動子[
參見, 例如,WO 2011/126808及WO 2013/04943]、或對生理學提示反應的啟動子可用於本文所述的載體中。於另一具體實施例,於肌肉中表現為理想的。如此,於一具體實施例,使用肌肉-特異性啟動子。於一具體實施例,啟動子為MCK系啟動子,如dMCK (509-bp)或tMCK (720-bp)啟動子(參見,例如,Wang et al, Gene Ther. 2008 Nov;15(22):1489-99. doi:10.1038/gt.2008.104. Epub 2008 Jun 19,其藉由引用併入本文)。另外有用的啟動子為SPc5-12啟動子(參見Rasowo et al, European Scientific Journal June 2014 edition vol.10, No.18,其藉由引用併入本文)。於某些具體實施例,可選擇對眼或其子部件(subpart)(例如,視網膜)為特異性之啟動子。
於一具體實施例,啟動子為CMV啟動子。於另一具體實施例,啟動子為TBG啟動子。於另一具體實施例,使用CB7啟動子。CB7為一雞β-肌動蛋白啟動子,具巨細胞病毒增強子元件。或者可使用其它肝臟-特異性啟動子[參見,例如
,肝臟特異性基因啟動子資料庫,Cold Spring Harbor, rulai.schl.edu/LSPD,α1-抗胰蛋白酶(A1AT);人類白蛋白,Miyatake et al., J. Virol., 71:5124 32 (1997), humAlb;及B型肝炎病毒核啟動子,Sandig
et al.,Gene Ther., 3:1002 9 (1996)]。TTR最小增強子/啟動子,α-抗胰蛋白酶啟動子,LSP (845 nt)25(需要無內含子的scAAV)。
啟動子可選自不同來源,
例如,人類巨細胞病毒(CMV)立即-早期增強子/啟動子、SV40早期增強子/啟動子、JC多瘤病毒(polymovirus)啟動子、髓鞘鹼性蛋白(MBP)或神經膠質纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)啟動子、單純皰疹病毒(HSV-1)潛伏相關啟動子(LAP)、勞斯肉瘤病毒(rouse sarcoma virus,RSV)末端長重複序列(long terminal repeat,LTR)啟動子、神經元特異性啟動子(NSE)、血小板衍生的生長因子(PDGF)啟動子、hSYN、黑色素聚集激素(melanin-concentrating hormone,MCH)啟動子、CBA、基質金屬蛋白啟動子(MPP)、及雞β-肌動蛋白啟動子。
載體基因體可含有至少一個增強子,即
,CMV增強子。再其它增強子元件可包括,
例如,脂蛋白元增強子、斑馬魚增強子、GFAP增強子元件、及腦特異性增強子如描述於WO 2013/1555222者、土撥鼠肝炎病毒轉錄後調節元件。另外或者,可選擇其它,例如,雜合人類巨細胞病毒-立即早期(IE)-PDGR (hybrid human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-immediate early (IE)-PDGR)啟動子或其它啟動子-增強子元件。本文有用的其它增強子序列包括IRBP增強子(Nicoud 2007, J Gene Med. 2007 Dec;9(12):1015-23)、立即早期巨細胞病毒增強子、衍生自免疫球蛋白基因者或SV40增強子、在小鼠近端啟動子鑑定出的順式作用元件(cis-acting element)等。
除了啟動子,載體基因體可含有其它適當轉錄起始、終止、增強子序列、有效的RNA加工訊息如剪接及多腺苷酸化(polyA)訊息;穩定細胞質mRNA的序列;增強轉譯效率的序列(即Kozak一致序列);增強蛋白質穩定性的序列;及當需要時,增加編碼產物分泌的序列。許多適合的多腺苷酸(polyA)為已知。於一例中,多腺苷酸為兔β球蛋白,如127 bp兔β球蛋白多腺苷酸化訊息(GenBank # V00882.1)。於其它具體實施例,選擇SV40 polyA訊息。可選擇再其它適合的polyA序列。於某些具體實施例,包括內含子。一適合內含子為雞β-肌動蛋白內含子。於一具體實施例,內含子為875 bp (GenBank # X00182.1)。於另一具體實施例,使用可獲自Promega的嵌合內含子。然而,可選擇其它適合的內含子。於一具體實施例,包括分隔子(spacers)使得載體基因體為與天然AAV載體基因體(例如,4.1至5.2 kb之間)為大約相同大小。於一具體實施例,包括分隔子使得載體基因體為約4.7 kb。參見,Wu et al, Effect of Genome Size on AAV Vector Packaging, Mol Ther. 2010 Jan;18(1):80-86,其藉由引用併入本文。
於某些具體實施例,載體基因體進一步包含可操作連結至轉基因編碼序列的背根神經節(drg)-特異性脫靶序列(dorsal root ganglion (drg)-specific miRNA detargeting sequences)。於某些具體實施例,串接miRNA目標序列為連續或以1至10個核酸之分隔子分開,其中該分隔子不為miRNA目標序列。於某些具體實施例,有至少二個drg-特異性miRNA序列位於功能性轉基因編碼序列的3’。於某些具體實施例,至少有二個drg-特異性miRNA串接重複的第一者的起始於距離轉基因編碼序列的3’端之20個核苷酸內。於某些具體實施例,該至少有二個drg-特異性miRNA串接重複的第一者的起始為於距離轉基因編碼序列3’端之至少100個核苷酸內。於某些具體實施例,miRNA串接重複包含200至1200個核苷酸長。於某些具體實施例,至少有二個drg-特異性miRNA目標序列位於功能性轉基因編碼序列的5’。於某些具體實施例,至少二個drg-特異性miRNA目標序列位於功能性轉基因編碼序列的5’及3’。於某些具體實施例,表現匣mRNA或DNA正股的至少第一及/或至少第二miRNA目標序列之該miRNA目標序列係選自:(i) AGTGAATTCTACCAGTGCCATA (SEQ ID NO:78);(ii) AGCAAAAATGTGCTAGTGCCAAA (SEQ ID NO:79);(iii) AGTGTGAGTTCTACCATTGCCAAA (SEQ ID NO:80);或(iv) AGGGATTCCTGGGAAAACTGGAC (SEQ ID NO:81)。於某些具體實施例,表現匣mRNA或DNA正股的至少第一及/或至少第二miRNA目標序列之該miRNA目標序列為AGTGAATTCTACCAGTGCCATA (SEQ ID NO:78)。於某些具體實施例,表現匣mRNA或DNA正股的至少第一及/或至少第二miRNA目標序列之該miRNA目標序列為AGTGAATTCTACCAGTGCCATA (SEQ ID NO:78)。於某些具體實施例,二或多個連續miRNA目標序列為連續的且未被間隔子分隔開。於某些具體實施例,二或多個連續miRNA目標序列被間隔子分隔開且各間隔子獨立選自(A) GGAT;(B) CACGTG;或(C) GCATGC之一種以上。於某些具體實施例,位於miRNA目標序列之間的間隔子可位於第一miRNA目標序列之3’及/或最後的miRNA目標序列之5’。於某些具體實施例,miRNA目標序列之間的間隔子為相同。參見國際專利申請案案號PCT/US19/67872,2019年12月20日申請,美國臨時專利申請案第63/023,594號,2020年5月12日申請,美國臨時專利申請案第63/038,488號,2020年6月12日申請,美國臨時專利申請案第63/043,562號,2020年6月24日申請,及美國臨時專利申請案第63/079,299號,2020年9月16日申請,其所有皆藉由引用而完整併入本文。
此等及其它常見載體及調節元件的選擇為習用且許多這樣的序列為可用的。參見,例如,Sambrook et al,且參考引用其中例如,第3.18-3.26及16.17-16.27頁及Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989。當然,並非所有載體及表現控制序列都將同樣良好地表現本文所述的所有轉基因。然而,在不脫離本發明的範圍下,所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可於此等以及其它表現控制序列中進行選擇。
於另一具體實施例,提供一種生產重組腺相關病毒之方法。藉由培養宿主細胞生產適合的重組腺相關病毒(AAV),該宿主細胞含有編碼本文所述AAV衣殼蛋白質或其片段的核酸序列;功能性rep基因;袖珍基因,至少由AAV反向末端重複(ITR)及編碼理想的轉基因的異源的核酸序列所組成;及充足的輔助功能以允許將袖珍基因包裝於AAV衣殼蛋白質中。可將需要在宿主細胞中培養以將AAV袖珍基因包裝在AAV衣殼中的組分以反式提供給宿主細胞。或者,可以由穩定的宿主細胞提供所需組份之任一種以上(例如,袖珍基因、
rep序列、
cap序列、及/或輔助功能),該穩定的宿主細胞已使用所屬技術領域中具通常知識者已知方法被工程化為含有一種以上之所需組分。
本文亦提供者為以本文所述AAV轉染的宿主細胞。最適合地,此種穩定的宿主細胞將含有在誘導型啟動子的控制下所需的組分。然而,所需的組分可為於構築性啟動子之控制下。於此提供適合的誘導型及組成型啟動子之例,於下面討論適合與轉基因一起使用的調節元件。於再另一選項,選擇的穩定宿主細胞可含有組成型啟動子控制下的選擇的組分及在一個或多個誘導型啟動子控制下的其它選擇的組分。例如,可以產生穩定的宿主細胞,其衍生自293細胞(在組成型啟動子的控制下含有E1輔助功能),但在誘導型啟動子的控制下含有rep及/或cap蛋白。所屬技術領域中具通常知識者亦可生產其它穩定的宿主細胞。於另一具體實施例,宿主細胞包含如本文所述的核酸分子(例如,質體)。
生產本文所述的rAAV所需的袖珍基因、rep序列、
cap序列及輔助功能可以以轉移其上攜帶的序列的任何遺傳元件的形式遞送至包裝宿主細胞。選擇的遺傳元件可藉由任何適合的方法遞送,包括本文所述的彼等方法。用於構建本發明之任何具體實施例的方法為核酸操作技術人員已知且包括基因工程、重組工程、及合成技術。參見,例如,Sambrook et al, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY。相似地,生產rAAV病毒顆粒的方法為眾所周知,且選擇適合的方法並非對本發明的限制。參見,例如,K. Fisher et al, 1993
J. Virol., 70:520-532及美國專利號5,478,745等。此等公開文獻藉由引用而併入本文。
本文亦提供用於產生本文描述的載體的質體。此種質體包括編碼AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)、AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)之vp1、vp2及vp3之至少一者的核酸序列。於某些具體實施例,所提供者為具有AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:3)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:5)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:7)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:9)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:11)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:13)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:15)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:17)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:19)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:21)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:23)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:25)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:27)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:29)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:31)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:33)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:35)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:37)、AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:39)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:41)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:43)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:45)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:47)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:49)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:51)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:53)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:55)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:57)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:59)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:61)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:73)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列的質體,或具有與SEQ ID NO:1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27、29、31、33、35、37、39、41、43、45、47、49、51、53、55、57、59、或61之任一者共享至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%同一性的序列。於另外的具體實施例,質體包括非AAV序列。亦提供含有本文所述質體的培養的宿主細胞。
於某些具體實施例,生產的質體為編碼AAV基因體及感興趣的基因的AAV順式質體(cis-plasmid)、含AAV rep及新穎hu68 cap基因的AAV反式質體(trans-plasmid)、及輔助質體。此等質體可以任何適合的比率使用,例如,約1比約1比約1,基於遺傳元件的總重量。於其它具體實施例,pRepCap對AAV 順式-質體比率為每一編碼序列之約1:1重量比,且pHelper為約此重量2倍。於其它具體實施例,此比率可為重量比約3比1 helper:10比1 pRepCap:1比0.10 rAAV質體。可選擇其它適合的比率。於某些具體實施例,宿主細胞可以一或多個之此等元件穩定地轉形。例如,宿主細胞可含有穩定的核酸分子 包含可操作連結至調節序列的AAVhu68M191 vp1編碼序列、編碼rep編碼序列的核酸分子及/或一或多個編碼輔助功能的核酸分子(例如,腺病毒E1a等)。於此種具體實施例,可以任何適合的比率使用各種遺傳元件,例如,約1比約1比約1,基於遺傳元件的總重量。於某些具體實施例,pRep DNA比Cap DNA比AAV分子(例如,攜帶藥被包裝的載體基因體的質體)比率為約1比約1比約1 (1:1:1)重量比。於某些具體實施例,某些宿主細胞含有一些以反式提供的輔助元件(例如,Ad E2a及/或AdE2b)且其它者為順式(例如,Ad E1a及/或E1b)。輔助序列的存在量可為其它遺傳元件的量的約2 倍。又可決定其它比率。
載體生產方法可包括方法步驟如細胞培養的開始、細胞繼代、細胞接種、細胞以質體DNA轉形、轉染後培養基交換為無血清培養基、及收取含載體的細胞及培養基。收取的含載體的細胞及培養基被轉移作為本文之粗製細胞收取物。於又另外的系統,基因治療載體藉由以桿狀病毒系載體感染而被導入至昆蟲細胞。有關此等生產系統的評論,一般參閱例如,Clement and Grieger, Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev, 2016:3:16002,2016年3月16日線上公開。以下美國專利號中亦描述製造及使用此等和其它AAV生產系統的方法,其每一者之內容藉由引用而完整併入本文:5,139,941;5,741,683;6,057,152;6,204,059;6,268,213;6,491,907;6,660,514;6,951,753;7,094,604;7,172,893;7,201,898;7,229,823;及7,439,065。
粗細胞收取物之後可經歷下列方法步驟,例如載體收取物的濃縮、載體收取物的透析過濾、載體收取物的微流體化、載體收取物的核酸酶消化、微流體化中間體的過濾、藉由層析法的粗純化、藉由超速離心的粗純化、藉由切向流過濾的緩衝液交換、及/或調配及過濾以製備大量載體。
多種AAV純化方法為本領域中已知。參見例如,WO 2017/160360,標題為「AAV9之可量測的純化方法」,其藉由引用而併入本文,且描述一般有用於分支群F衣殼的方法。使用兩步驟親和性層析純化然後進行陰離子交換樹脂層析純化以純化載體藥物產物並移除空的衣殼。此粗製係包收取物可經歷下列步驟,如載體收取物的濃縮、載體收取物的透析過濾、載體收取物的微流體化、載體收取物的核酸酶消化、微流體化中間體的過濾、藉由層析法的粗純化、藉由超速離心的粗純化、藉由切向流過濾的緩衝液交換、及/或調配及過濾以製備大量載體。使用親和性層析純化然後進行陰離子交換樹脂層析純化以純化載體藥物產物並移除空的衣殼。於一例中,關於親和性層析步驟,可將透析濃縮的產物施用於有效捕獲AAV2/9血清型的Capture Select
TMPoros- AAV2/9親和性樹脂(Life Technologies)。於此等離子條件下,顯著百分比的殘留細胞DNA及蛋白質流過管柱,而AAV顆粒被有效捕獲。亦參閱WO2021/158915;WO2019/241535;及WO 2021/165537。或者,可選擇其它純化方法。
所屬技術領域中具通常知識者可以使用表徵或量化rAAV的方法。例如,為計算空的(empty)及完整的(full)顆粒含量,將所選樣本的VP3帶(band)體積對裝載的GC顆粒作圖(
例如,在本文的實施例中,碘克沙醇(iodixanol)梯度純化的製劑,其中顆粒之GC=#之#)。所生成的線性方程式(y=mx+c)用於計算測試物品峰的帶體積中的顆粒數量。然後將每20 µL裝載的顆粒數(pt)乘以50,得到顆粒(pt)/mL。Pt/mL除以GC/mL得到顆粒對基因體拷貝的比率(pt/GC)。Pt/mL–GC/mL得到空的pt/mL。空的pt/mL除以pt/mL並x 100得到空的顆粒的百分比。
於某些具體實施例,包裝的AAV載體基因體拷貝(VG或GC)的產量可通過使用編碼轉基因的生物活性測定而評估。例如,生產後,可以收集培養上清液並離心以去除細胞碎片。可以藉由生物活性測定法測量產量,使用等體積的來自測試樣本的上清液與對照(參考標準)相比較以轉導所選擇的目標細胞並評估所編碼蛋白質的生物活性。可以選擇用於評估產量的其它適合的方法,包括例如奈米粒子追踪[Povlich, S. F., et al. (2016) Particle Titer Determination and Characterization of rAAV Molecules Using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Molecular Therapy:AAV Vectors II, 24(S1), S122]、酵素結合免疫吸附測定(ELISA)[Grimm, D., et al (1999). Titration of AAV-2 particles via a novel capsid ELISA: packaging of genomes can limit production of recombinant AAV-2. Gene therapy, 6(7), 1322–1330. doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3300946];微滴式數字(dd)聚合酶連鎖反應(PCR)。已描述用於藉由微滴式數字(dd)聚合酶連鎖反應(PCR)測定單股及自互補AAV載體基因體力價的方法。參見例如,M. Lock et al, Hum Gene Ther Methods. 2014 Apr;25(2):115-25. doi:10.1089/hgtb.2013.131. Epub 2014 Feb 14]。另一適合的方法為qPCR。可使用優化的q-PCR方法,其利用廣譜絲胺酸蛋白酶,例如,蛋白酶K(如可從Qiagen商購獲得)。更具體而言,優化的qPCR基因體力價分析與標準分析相似,除了在DNA酶I消化之後,將樣本以蛋白酶K緩衝液稀釋並以蛋白酶K處理,然後加熱去活化。適當地,將樣本以等量於樣本大小的蛋白酶K緩衝液稀釋。蛋白酶K緩衝液可濃縮至2倍或更高。通常,蛋白酶K處理約為0.2 mg/mL,但可在0.1 mg/mL至約1 mg/mL之間變化。處理步驟通常在約55 °C進行約15分鐘,但可在較低溫度(例如,約37 °C至約50 °C)進行較長一段時間(例如,約20分鐘至約30分鐘),或在較高溫度(例如,高至約60 °C)進行較短一段時間(例如,約5至10分鐘)。類似地,加熱去活化通常在約95 °C約15分鐘,但溫度可降低(例如,約70至約90 °C) 並延長時間(例如,約20分鐘至約30分鐘)。然後將樣本稀釋(例如,1000倍)並如標準分析中所述進行TaqMan分析。又另外的方法為定量DNA點狀墨點 [Wu, Z., et al, (2008). Optimization of self-complementary AAV vectors for liver-directed expression results in sustained correction of hemophilia B at low vector dose. Molecular therapy: the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 16(2), 280–289. doi.org/10.1038/sj.mt.6300355]。可選擇另外其它的方法。
用於測定空衣殼及具有包裝的基因體之AAV載體顆粒的方法是技術領域中已知的,參見例如,Grimm et al.,
Gene Therapy(1999) 6:1322-1330;Sommer et al., Molec. Ther. (2003) 7:122-128。為了測試變性衣殼,該方法包括使經處理的AAV儲料經歷SDS-聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳,其由能夠分離三種衣殼蛋白質的任何凝膠組成,例如,在緩衝液中含有3-8%Tris-乙酸鹽的梯度凝膠,然後進行凝膠電泳直至樣本材料分離,並將凝膠轉印到尼龍或硝化纖維素膜上,較佳為尼龍。然後使用抗AAV衣殼抗體作為與變性衣殼蛋白質結合的初級抗體,較佳為抗AAV衣殼單株抗體,最佳為B1抗AAV-2單株抗體(Wobus et al., J. Virol. (2000) 74:9281-9293)。然後使用二級抗體,一種與初級抗體結合的抗體並包含用於檢測與初級抗體結合之方法,更佳為包含與其共價結合之檢測分子的抗IgG抗體,最佳為與辣根過氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase)共價連接的綿羊抗小鼠IgG抗體。將用於檢測結合的方法用於半定量測定初級及二級抗體之間的結合,較佳為能夠檢測放射性同位素發射、電磁輻射或比色變化的檢測方法,最佳為化學發光檢測套組,例如,對於SDS-PAGE,來自管柱餾分的樣本可被取出並在含有還原劑(例如DTT)的SDS-PAGE裝載樣本緩衝液中加熱,並在預製的梯度聚丙烯醯胺凝膠(例如Novex)上解析衣殼蛋白質。根據製造商的說明書使用SilverXpress (Invitrogen,CA)進行銀染色,可其它適當的染色方法,即,SYPRO紅寶石或考馬斯(Coomassie)染色。於一具體實施例,可藉由定量即時PCR (Q-PCR)測量管柱餾分中AAV載體基因體(vg)的濃度。將樣本稀釋並用DNA酶I(或另一適當核酸酶)消化以除去外源DNA。在核酸酶去活化後,將樣本進一步稀釋並使用引子和對引子之間的DNA序列具有特異性的TaqMan
TM螢光探針進行增幅。在Applied Biosystems Prism 7700序列檢測系統上測量各樣本達到確定螢光水平所需的循環數(閾值循環,Ct)。將含有與AAV載體中所含序列之相同序列的質體DNA用於在Q-PCR反應中產生標準曲線。從樣本獲得的循環閾值(Ct)數值用於藉由將其相對於質體標準曲線的Ct值進行歸一化來確定載體基因體力價。亦可使用基於數字PCR的終點分析(End-point assay)。如本文所使用,在劑或劑量(例如,GC/kg及vg/kg)的上下文中,術語基因體拷貝(GC)及載體基因體(vg)一定是可交替使用的。
亦有確定衣殼蛋白質vp1、vp2及vp3之間比率的方法。參見,例如,Vamseedhar Rayaprolu et al, Comparative Analysis of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Stability and Dynamics, J Virol. 2013 Dec;87(24):13150-13160;Buller RM, Rose JA. 1978. Characterization of adenovirus-associated virus-induced polypeptides in KB cells. J. Virol. 25:331–338;及Rose JA, Maizel JV, Inman JK, Shatkin AJ. 1971. Structural proteins of adenovirus-associated viruses. J. Virol. 8:766-770。
如本文所使用,rAAV之「系群(stock)」係指一群rAAV。儘管由於脫醯胺作用,其衣殼蛋白質具有異質性,但是系群中的rAAV被期待共享相同的載體基因體。系群可包括具有衣殼之rAAV,該衣殼具有例如所選擇AAV衣殼蛋白質及所選擇生產系統的特徵性的異質脫醯胺樣式。此系群可從單個生產系統被生產或可從生產系統的多次操作中被匯集(例如,使用相同的生產用遺傳元件之生產系統的不同操作)。可以選擇各種生產系統,包括但不限於本文所述彼等。
C. 醫藥組成物及投予
於一具體實施例,如上詳述用於目標細胞中含有所欲轉基因及啟動子的重組AAV,可選擇地藉由常規方法評估污染,然後調配成被意圖投予至需要的受試者之醫藥組成物。此種調配物涉及使用醫藥上及/或生理學上可接受的媒劑或載劑,如緩衝鹽水或其它緩衝劑,例如,HEPES,以將pH維持在適合的生理水平,以及可選擇地,其它藥劑(medicinal agent)、醫藥劑(pharmaceutical agent)、穩定劑、緩衝劑、載劑、佐劑、稀釋劑等。對於注射,載劑通常為液體。示例性生理上可接受的載劑包括無菌、無致熱質的水及無菌、無致熱質的磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水。在美國專利公開號7,629,322中提供許多此種的已知載劑,其藉由引用併入本文。於一具體實施例,載劑為等張的氯化鈉溶液。於另一具體實施例,載劑為平衡的鹽溶液。於一具體實施例,載劑包括吐溫(tween)。若病毒要長期儲存,可於存在甘油或Tween20的情況下進行冷凍。於另一具體實施例,醫藥上可接受的載劑包含界面活性劑,如全氟辛烷(Perfluoron液)。載體被調配於適合輸注人類受試者的緩衝液/載劑中。緩衝液/載劑應包括防止rAAV黏附到輸液管上但不干擾rAAV活體內結合活性的成分。
於本文所述方法的某些具體實施例中,肌肉內(IM)投予上述醫藥組成物至受試者。於其它具體實施例,靜脈內(IV)投予醫藥組成物。於其它具體實施例,藉由腦室內(ICV)注射投予醫藥組成物。於其它具體實施例,藉由腦大池內(ICM)注射而投予醫藥組成物。可用於本文所述方法的其它投予形式包括但不限於直接遞送至所需器官(例如,眼睛),包括視網膜下或玻璃體內遞送、口服、吸入、鼻內、氣管內、靜脈內、肌肉內、皮下、皮內、及其它非腸道投予途徑。若需要,可合併投予途徑。
如本文所使用,術語「鞘內遞送」或「鞘內投予」係指經由注射至椎管的投予途徑,更具體而言為進入蜘蛛膜下腔以使其到達腦脊髓液(CSF)。鞘內遞送可包括腰椎穿刺、室內(包括腦室內(ICV))、枕骨下/腦池內、及/或C1-2穿刺。例如,可藉由腰椎穿刺方法導入物質以在整個蜘蛛膜下腔擴散。於另一例,可注射至腦大池。
如本文所使用,術語「腦池內遞送」或「腦池內投予」係指直接進入腦大池小腦延髓之腦脊髓液中的投予途徑,更具體而言係經由枕骨下穿刺或藉由直接注射至腦大池或經由永久定位的管子。
組成物可以約0.1μL至約10mL的體積遞送,包括此範圍內所有數量,取決於欲治療區域的大小、使用的病毒力價、投予途徑、及該方法之所欲效果。於一具體實施例,體積為約50 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約70 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約100 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約125 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約150 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約175 µL。於又另一具體實施例,體積為約200 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約250 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約300 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約450 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約500 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約600 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約750 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約850 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約1000 µL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約1.5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約2 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約2.5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約3 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約3.5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約4 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約5.5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約6 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約6.5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約7 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約8 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約8.5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約9 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約9.5 mL。於另一具體實施例,體積為約10 mL。
攜帶在調節序列控制下編碼所需轉基因的核酸序列的重組腺相關病毒的有效濃度範圍理想地為每毫升約10
7至10
14載體基因體(vg/mL)(亦稱為基因體拷貝/mL(GC/mL))。於一具體實施例,藉由即時PCR測量rAAV載體基因體。於另一具體實施例,藉由數字PCR測量rAAV載體基因體。參見,Lock et al, Absolute determination of single-stranded and self-complementary adeno-associated viral vector genome titers by droplet digital PCR, Hum Gene Ther Methods.2014 Apr;25(2):115-25. doi:10.1089/hgtb.2013.131. Epub 2014 Feb 14,其藉由引用併入本文。於另一具體實施例,測量rAAV感染單位,如於S.K. McLaughlin et al, 1988 J. Virol., 62:1963所述,其藉由引用併入本文。
較佳地,濃度為約1.5 x 10
9vg/mL至約1.5 x 10
13vg/mL,更佳地為約1.5 x 10
9vg/mL至約1.5 x 10
11vg/mL。於一具體實施例,有效濃度為約1.4 x 10
8vg/mL。於一具體實施例,有效濃度為約3.5 x 10
10vg/mL。於另一具體實施例,有效濃度為約5.6 x 10
11vg/mL。於另一具體實施例,有效濃度為約5.3 x 10
12vg/mL。於再另一具體實施例,有效濃度為約1.5 x 10
12vg/mL。於另一具體實施例,有效濃度為約1.5 x 10
13vg/mL。本文所述的所有範圍均包括端點。
於一具體實施例,劑量為由約1.5 x 10
9vg/kg之體重至約1.5 x 10
13vg/kg,且更佳為由約1.5 x 10
9vg/kg至約1.5 x 10
11vg/kg。於一具體實施例,劑量為約1.4 x 10
8vg/kg。於一具體實施例,劑量為約3.5 x 10
10vg/kg。於另一具體實施例,劑量為約5.6 x 10
11vg/kg。於另一具體實施例,劑量為約5.3 x 10
12vg/kg。於再另一具體實施例,劑量為約1.5 x 10
12vg/kg。於另一具體實施例,劑量為約1.5 x 10
13vg/kg。於另一具體實施例,劑量為約3.0 x 10
13vg/kg。於另一具體實施例,劑量為約1.0 x 10
14vg/kg。本文所述的所有範圍均包括端點。
於一具體實施例,有效劑量(遞送的總基因體拷貝為由約10
7至10
13載體基因體。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
8基因體拷貝。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
9基因體拷貝。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
10基因體拷貝。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
11基因體拷貝。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
12基因體拷貝。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
13基因體拷貝。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
14基因體拷貝。於一具體實施例,總劑量為約10
15基因體拷貝。
理想的是使用最低有效濃度的病毒以便降低不希望的影響,如毒性。主治醫師可選擇此等範圍內的其它劑量及投予體積,考慮到受治療的受試者的身體狀態,較佳為人類的身體狀態、受試者的年齡、特定的病症及病症的程度,若已經發展為進行式。例如,靜脈投予可能需要約1.5 X 10
13vg/kg的劑量。
D. 方法
於另一態樣,提供一種轉導目標細胞或組織之方法。於一具體實施例,該方法包括投予如本文所述的rAAV。
於一具體實施例,rAAV之劑量為每劑約1 x 10
9GC至約1 x 10
15基因體拷貝(GC)(以治療平均體重70 kg的受試者),於人類患者較佳為1.0 x 10
12GC至2.0 x 10
15GC。於另一具體實施例,劑量為少於約1 x 10
14GC/受試者之體重kg。於某些具體實施例,投予至患者的劑量為至少約1.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約1.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約2.0 x 10
9GC/g, 約2.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約3.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約3.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約4.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約4.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約5.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約5.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約6.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約6.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約7.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約7.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約8.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約8.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約9.0 x 10
9GC/kg、約9.5 x 10
9GC/kg、約1.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約1.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約2.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約2.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約3.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約3.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約4.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約4.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約5.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約5.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約6.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約6.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約7.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約7.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約8.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約8.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約9.0 x 10
10GC/kg、約9.5 x 10
10GC/kg、約1.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約1.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約2.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約2.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約3.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約3.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約4.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約4.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約5.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約5.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約6.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約6.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約7.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約7.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約8.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約8.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約9.0 x 10
11GC/kg、約9.5 x 10
11GC/kg、約1.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約1.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約2.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約2.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約3.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約3.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約4.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約4.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約5.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約5.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約6.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約6.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約7.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約7.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約8.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約8.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約9.0 x 10
12GC/kg、約9.5 x 10
12GC/kg、約1.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約1.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約2.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約2.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約3.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約3.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約4.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約4.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約5.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約5.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約6.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約6.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約7.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約7.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約8.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約8.5 x 10
13GC/kg、約9.0 x 10
13GC/kg、約9.5 x 10
13GC/kg、或約1.0 x 10
14GC/kg受試者之體重。
於一具體實施例,此方法進一步包含投予受試者免疫抑制劑共療法(immune suppressant co-therapy)。例如,若檢測到針對AAV衣殼的不期望的高中和抗體水平,則可以在遞送如揭示的rAAV或組成物之前開始此種免疫抑制劑共療法。於某些具體實施例,作為預防措施,亦可以在遞送rAAV之前開始共療法。於某些具體實施例,免疫抑制共療法在rAAV的遞送後開始,例如,若於治療後觀察到不希望的免疫反應時。
用於此類共療法的免疫抑制劑包括,但未限於糖皮質激素、類固醇、抗代謝藥、T細胞抑制劑、巨環內酯類(macrolides)(例如雷帕黴素(rapamycin)或雷帕黴素類似物),以及細胞生長抑制劑,包括烷化劑、抗代謝藥、細胞毒性抗生素、抗體、或對免疫親和素(immunophilin)有活性的藥劑。免疫抑制劑可包括強體松、氮芥、亞硝基脲、鉑化合物、甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、巰基嘌呤、氟尿嘧啶、放線菌素、蒽環類、絲裂黴素C、博來黴素(bleomycin)、光輝黴素(mithramycin)、IL-2受體- (CD25-)或CD3定向抗體、抗IL-2抗體、環孢菌素、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、西羅莫司(sirolimus)、IFN-β、IFN-γ、類鴉片藥物或TNF-α(腫瘤壞死因子-α)結合劑。於某些具體實施例,免疫抑制治療可於rAAV投予之前0、1、2、7或更多日前開始,或者在rAAV投予之後0、1、2、3、7或更多日開始。此類療法可在同一日涉及單一藥物(例如強體松)或兩種或多種藥物(例如去氫皮質醇(prednisolone)、嗎替麥考酚酯(micophenolate mofetil,MMF)及/或西羅莫司(即雷帕黴素))共同投予。此等藥物中的一種以上可於基因治療後以相同劑量或調整劑量繼續使用。視需要,此種治療可持續約1週(7日)、兩週、三週、約60日或更長時間。在某些具體實施例,選擇無他克莫司的療程。
列出另外的具體實施例如下1至12。
1.一種重組腺相關病毒(rAAV),其包含衣殼及載體基因體,該載體基因體包含AAV 5’反向末端重複(ITR)、包含可操作地連結至表現控制序列之編碼基因產物的核酸序列的表現匣、及AAV 3’ ITR,其中該衣殼為:
(a)AAVrh75衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:40的核酸序列或與其至少99%相同且基於SEQ ID NO:40的編號在位置24具有Asn (N)胺基酸殘基的序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:40之一序列之SEQ ID NO:39的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:40之至少位置N57、N262、N384、及/或N512中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(b)AAVhu71/74衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:4之一序列之SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh71/74 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh71/74 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(c)AAVhu79衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:6的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:6之一序列之SEQ ID NO:5的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh79 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh79 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:6之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(d)AAVhu80衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:8的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:8之一序列之SEQ ID NO:7的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu80 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu80 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:8之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(e)AAVhu83衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:10的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:10之一序列之SEQ ID NO:9的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:10之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(f)AAVhu74/71衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:12的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:12之一序列之SEQ ID NO:11的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu74/71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu74/71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:12之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(g)AAVhu77衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:14的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:14之一序列之SEQ ID NO:12的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu77 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu77 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:14之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(h)AAVhu78/88衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:16的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:16之一序列之SEQ ID NO:15的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu78/88 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu78/88 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:16之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(i)AAVhu70衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:18的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:18之一序列之SEQ ID NO:17的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu70 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu70 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:18之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(j)AAVhu72衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:20的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:20之一序列之SEQ ID NO:19的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu72 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu72 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:20之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(k)AAVhu75衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:22的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:22之一序列之SEQ ID NO:21的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:22之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(l)AAVhu76衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:24的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:24之一序列之SEQ ID NO:23的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu76 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu76 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:24之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(m)AAVhu81衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:26的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:26之一序列之SEQ ID NO:25的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:26之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(n)AAVhu82衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:28的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:28之一序列之SEQ ID NO:27的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:28之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(o)AAVhu84衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:30的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:30之一序列之SEQ ID NO:28的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:30之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(p)AAVhu86衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:32的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:32之一序列之SEQ ID NO:31的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu86 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu86 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:32之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(q)AAVhu87衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:34的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:34之一序列之SEQ ID NO:33的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:34之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(r)AAVhu88/78衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:36的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:36之一序列之SEQ ID NO:35的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu88/78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu88/78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:36之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(s)AAVhu69衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:38的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:38之一序列之SEQ ID NO:37的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:38之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(t)AAVrh76衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:42的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:42之一序列之SEQ ID NO:41的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:42之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(u)AAVrh77衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:44的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:44之一序列之SEQ ID NO:43的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AVrh71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:44之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(v)AAVrh78衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:46的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:46之一序列之SEQ ID NO:45的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:45之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(w)AAVrh81衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:50的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:50之一序列之SEQ ID NO:49的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:50之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(x)AAVrh89衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:52的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:52之一序列之SEQ ID NO:51的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh89 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh89 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:52之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(y)AAVrh82衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:54的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:54之一序列之SEQ ID NO:53的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:54之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(z)AAVrh83衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:56的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:56之一序列之SEQ ID NO:55的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:56之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(aa)AAVrh84衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:58的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:58之一序列之SEQ ID NO:57的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:58之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(bb)AAVrh85衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:60的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:60之一序列之SEQ ID NO:59的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh85 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh85 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:60之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;
(cc)AAVrh87衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:62的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:62之一序列之SEQ ID NO:61的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:62之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;或
(dd)AAVhu73衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:74的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:74之一序列之SEQ ID NO:73的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh73 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh73 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:74之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺。
2.如具體實施例1之rAAV,其中該基因產物有用於治療肝臟之病症或疾病,且其中該衣殼為AAVrh75、AAVrh79、AAVrh83、或AAVrh84衣殼。
3.如具體實施例1之rAAV,其中該基因產物為基因編輯核酸酶。
4.如具體實施例1之rAAV,其中該基因產物為免疫球蛋白、治療性蛋白質、或免疫球蛋白構築體。
5.如具體實施例1至4中任一項之rAAV,其中該表現匣包含組織特異性啟動子。
6.一種宿主細胞,其含有如具體實施例1至5中任一項之rAAV。
7.一種醫藥組成物,其包含如具體實施例1至5中任一項之rAAV、及生理學上相容的載劑、緩衝劑、佐劑、及/或稀釋劑。
8.一種遞送轉基因至細胞之方法,該方法包含將細胞與如具體實施例1至5中任一項之rAAV接觸之步驟,其中該rAAV包含該轉基因。
9.一種生產包含AAV衣殼的重組腺相關病毒(rAAV)之方法,該方法包含培養宿主細胞,該宿主細胞含有:(a) 編碼AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)之AAV vp1、vp2、及/或vp3衣殼蛋白質之分子、或編碼與SEQ ID NOs:40、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38、42、44、46、50、52、54、56、58、60、62、或74之任一者共享至少99%同一性的AAV vp1、vp2、及/或vp3衣殼蛋白質之分子,(b) 功能性rep基因;(c) 包含AAV反向末端重複(ITR)及轉基因的載體基因體;及(d) 充足的輔助功能以允許將載體基因體包裝至AAV衣殼蛋白質中。
10.一種質體,其包含AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:39)、AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:3)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:5)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:7)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:9)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:11)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:13)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:15)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:17)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:19)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:21)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:23)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:25)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:27)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:29)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:31)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:33)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:35)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:37)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:41)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:43)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:45)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:49)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:51)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:53)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:55)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:57)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:59)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:61)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:73) 之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列,或與SEQ ID NO:39、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27、29、31、33、35、37、41、43、45、49、51、53、55、57、59、61、或73之任一者共享至少95%同一性的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。
11.一種培養的宿主細胞,其含有如具體實施例10之質體。
下列實施例為說明本發明之某些具體實施例且並非對其之限制。
實施例
腺相關病毒(AAV)由於其有利的生物學及安全特性而作為基因轉移載體具有優勢,發現新穎AAV變異體為改進此治療平台的關鍵。迄今,研究人員已使用基於聚合酶連鎖反應(PCR)的方法從天然來源中分離出200多種AAV。我們比較了兩種現代DNA聚合酶及其用於分離和擴增AAV基因體的效用。與HotStar聚合酶相比,保真度更高的Q5熱啟動高保真DNA聚合酶提供輸入AAV序列之更精密及準確的擴增。低保真度的HotStar DNA聚合酶在單離及擴增過程中引入了突變,因此與輸入的AAV基因相比,產生了多個具有可變生物活性的突變衣殼。Q5聚合酶能成功地從人類和非人類靈長類動物組織來源中發現新的AAV衣殼序列。來自此等來源的新穎AAV序列顯示正向選汰的證據。此項研究強調使用最高保真度DNA聚合酶從天然來源準確地單離及表徵AAV基因體以最終地開發出更有效的基因治療載體的重要性。
腺相關病毒(AAV)為用於多種臨床適應症的基因轉移之安全且有效的載具。AAV媒介的基因治療藥物已被FDA批准用於治療脊髓性肌萎縮症和萊伯氏先天性黑朦症(Leber Congenital Amaurosis)。此等獲准的基因治療產品,以及目前正在開發的許多其它產品,利用從天然來源分離的AAV衣殼作為遞送載具
4。AAV基因體由兩個主要的開讀框(ORF) Rep和Cap所組成,它們編碼用於轉譯多種蛋白質產物的序列。Cap ORF轉譯發生在多個起始位點,以產生三種AAV結構蛋白質(VP1、VP2及VP3)。此等結構蛋白質次單元被組裝成二十面體病毒粒子
5,它們將基因有效載荷(genetic payload)帶到它們的目標。AAV衣殼基因的序列和結構多樣性有助於在病毒分枝群之間觀察到的病毒向性、抗原性及包裝效率的可變性。發現具有一系列組織趨向性的新穎衣殼對於提高基因治療的功效及效用係必要的。
儘管最常見的方法涉及PCR擴增,但已使用隨著時間的推移出現和發展的各種技術從天然來源中單離出AAV Cap序列。首先,萃取的病毒DNA可以直接定序;該方法用於鑑定AAV2,發現AAV2在細胞培養中與輔助腺病毒一起繁殖。第二,可以萃取提取的病毒DNA,選殖至質體骨架中,並進行定序(AAV1、AAV3、AAV3B、AAV6及AAV5)。第三,在Sanger定序之前,可經由PCR萃取病毒基因體並將擴增子選殖到質體中。已使用此方法單離出許多來自靈長類動物、牛、豬、囓齒動物及其它動物的AAV。哺乳動物基因體DNA的次世代定序(NGS)分析已檢測到內源性AAV基因體元件的片段。最近,總體基因體病毒體定序研究使用霰彈槍-NGS同時對複雜樣本中的數千個DNA分子進行定序,已經確定許多新穎的AAV序列。
PCR於AAV擴增的使用提供了一種直接且有效的方法來發現新穎的AAV衣殼序列。然而,重要的是利用具有高保真度複製能力的PCR酶來盡可能準確地擴增病毒序列。具有高錯誤配對(misincorporation)和模板轉換率(template-switching rate)的酶會顯著混淆定序數據並干擾新穎AAV衣殼發現。確實,低保真度聚合酶在擴增衣殼序列時引入的人工變異性會損害AAV生物學和多樣性的研究,由於擴增錯誤會扭曲樣本中的「真實」遺傳變異。
我們目的在於比較多種AAV PCR方法以篩選AAV天然單離基因體的組織樣本,而擴大可用於表徵為潛在基因遞送載體的衣殼序列的寬度。現有的AAV衣殼相比,發現更多衣殼增加了成功鑑定彼等能夠將治療性轉基因高效轉移到一系列組織、在高劑量下降低免疫原性,以及與在人類族群中具有較不普遍的中和抗體態勢的機會。鑑於DNA聚合酶技術自近20年前最後一波AAV發現浪潮以來已經歷重大進展,我們比較了兩種現代DNA聚合酶及擴增方法而單離AAV序列。我們發現,與低保真度的HotStar DNA 聚合酶相比,Q5熱啟動高保真度DNA聚合酶能以更高的準確度從輸入模板中產生PCR產物。使用Q5 DNA聚合酶,我們亦藉由進行種系發生分析研究新單離的AAV衣殼序列的遺傳多樣性。此外,我們發現新穎AAV天然單離物顯示藉由正向選汰之進化的證據。
實施例 1 :材料及方法 萃取自非人類靈長類動物及人類組織的 DNA
由賓州大學佩雷爾曼醫學院(University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine)的基因治療計畫死後收集非人類靈長類(恆河獼猴
(Macaca mulatta))組織樣本。獲得人類組織樣本(包括主動脈瓣、骨髓、腦、乳房、子宮頸、結腸、心臟、腸、腎臟、肝臟、肺臟、淋巴結、卵巢、胰臟、心包膜、骨骼肌、及脾臟)。使用QIAamp DNA Mini Kit(QIAGEN Inc., Germantown, MD)萃取基因體DNA。
習用 AAV 單離
為了從宿主基因體DNA擴增3.1 kb AAV基因體序列,我們利用Q5 Hot Start High-保真度DNA聚合酶,使用製造商(New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA)決定的工作條件。我們使用先前描述的AV1NS正向引子及AV2CAS反向引子以單離AAV基因體;我們以T替換AV1NS中的簡併鹼基Y(AV1NS 5’-GCTGCGTCAACTGGACCAATGAGAAC-3’;SEQ ID NO:63)及AV2CAS (5’-CGCAGAGACCAAAGTTCAACTGAAACGA-3’;SEQ ID NO:64)(Gao GP et al. PNAS USA. 2002;99:11854-59),因為T為在AAV的許多分支群的AAV序列系統發生中表現的主要核苷酸。如Q5 protocol(New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA)中所述,每種引子的最終濃度為0.5 µM。應用以下熱循環條件:98
oC 30秒;98
oC 10秒,59
oC 10秒,72
oC 93秒,50次循環;及72
oC延長120秒。PCR產物經TOPO選殖(Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA)並以Sanger定序(GENEWIZ, South Plainfield, NJ)。對於大多數PCR產物,我們至少定序三個選殖株。
藉由單基因體擴增的 AAV 單離
將先前藉由習用AAV單離PCR發現為AAV陽性的來自人類心臟組織樣本的基因體DNA進行AAV-SGA。含有AAV的基因體DNA在20 ng/µL剪切鮭魚精子DNA(Ambion, Inc, Austin, TX)中藉由連續稀釋進行終點稀釋。使用AV1NS及AV2CAS引子(Mueller C et al. Curr Protoc Microbiol 2012;Chapter 14:Unit14D11),將每個系列稀釋的材料用作96次PCR反應的模板。我們利用Q5
Hot Start High-保真DNA聚合酶(New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA)在以下循環條件下擴增AV DNA:98
oC 30秒;98
oC 10秒,59
oC 10秒,72
oC 93秒,50次循環;及72
oC延長120秒。於泊松(Poisson)分佈,在不超過30%的孔中產生PCR產物的DNA稀釋液,在超過80%的情況下每個陽性PCR含有一個可擴增的AAV DNA模板(Salazar-Gonzalez JF et al. Journal of Virology 2008;82:3952-70)。使用Agencourt Ampure XP Beads(Beckman Coulter,Brea,CA)純化來自陽性PCR反應的AAV DNA擴增子,使用NEBNext® Ultra™ II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina®(NEB,Ipswich,MA)構建庫,並使用 Illumina MiSeq 2x250 (Illumina, San Diego, CA)雙端定序平台進行定序,使用 SPAdes assembler (cab.spbu.ru/software/spades/) 從頭組裝所得讀數。
序列分析
我們使用Vector NTI Advance® 11.5.4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific,Waltham,MA)或 Geneious Prime 版本 2019.2(www.geneious.com)的AlignX組件比對AAV序列。GenBank序列比較在NCBI BLAST服務器(blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)上進行。
聚合酶保真度比較
使用pAAV2/9反式質體作為模板。為了確保模板是純的,我們首先將質體重新轉形到穩定的勝任大腸桿菌細胞(Thermo Fisher,Waltham,MA)中,並經由NGS(Illumina,San Diego,CA)對兩個單一菌落殖株進行定序,如先前所述(Saveliev A et al. Human Gene Therapy Methods 2018;29:201-11)。為確保與輸入pAAV2/9反式質體的序列完全相同,我們使用兩個定序質體之一者作為後續實驗的模板。於此比較研究中,Hot Star HiFidelity聚合酶 (“HiFi”)(QIAGEN Inc., Germantown, MD)為低保真度聚合酶,而Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA聚合酶(Q5)(New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA)為保真度更高的聚合酶。對於「HiFi Circular」,pAAV2/9反式質體被稀釋並用作PCR模板。對於「HiFi Linear」和「Q5 Linear」,將pAAV2/9 反式質體以限制酶PvuII(New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA)線狀化,然後稀釋用作模板。對於所有第一輪 PCR,我們在25 µL反應中使用模板的五個拷貝。在第二輪中,我們使用1 µL之第一輪PCR產物作為50 µL反應的模板。PCR條件基於製造商的指南進行。
對於所有「HiFi」實驗,我們利用HotStar Hi保真度聚合酶(QIAGEN Inc., Germantown, MD)。根據製造商的指南,使用AV1NS’及AV2CAS引子。於第一回合PCR我們應用下列溫度循環條件:95
oC 300秒;94
oC 15秒、63
oC 60秒、68
oC 371秒,40次循環;及72
oC延長進行600秒。於第二回合之PCR,我們使用引子McapF3SpeI (5’-ATCGATACTAGTCCATCGACGTCAGACGCGGAAG-3’;SEQ ID NO:65)及McapR1NotI (5’-ATCGATGCGGCCGCAGTTCAACTGAAACGAATTAAACGGT-3’;SEQ ID NO:66)以進行巢式反應。McapF3SpeI及McapR1NotI’被描述於先前關於AAV PCR技術的出版物中(Smith LJ et al. Molecular Therapy 2014;22:1625-1634)。McapR1NotI’為來自前述出版物的引子McapR1NotI的一修飾版本;我們修飾McapR1NotI以校正兩個靠近其3’端的鹼基對,此等未與任何報告的AAV序列比對,包括之前出版物中報告的分離株。於第二回合之巢式PCR中使用1µL之第一回合PCR產物作為模板。於第二回合之PCR使用下列溫度循環條件:95
oC 300秒;94
oC 15秒、63
oC 60秒、68
oC 315秒、40次循環;及72
oC延長600秒。
於第一回合之「Q5」反應,我們使用Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA polymerase master mix (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA)。我們根據製造商的指南,於每一反應使用AV1NS’及AV2CAS引子。溫度循環條件如下:98
oC 30秒;98
oC 10秒,59
oC 30秒,72
oC 186秒,40次循環;及72
oC延長進行120秒。於第二回合之“Q5”反應,我們利用引子McapF3SpeI及McapR1NotI’。於每一50µL反應之第二回合之巢式PCR使用1µL之第一回合“Q5” PCR產物作為模板。溫度循環條件如下:98
oC 30秒;98
oC 10秒,66
oC 30秒,72
oC 164秒,40次循環;及72
oC延長120秒。然後PCR產物進行TOPO-選殖及定序。
載體生產、定量性 PCR (qPCR) 力價測定、及 Huh7 轉導分析
對於六孔盤中的AAV載體生產,我們基於減少的培養區域進行了一些修改而調整先前描述的1-cell-stack-scale HEK293三重轉染計畫書:1) 使用的質體比率為2:1:0.1 (含有所需腺病毒輔助基因的輔助質體:含AAV2 Rep及AAV衣殼基因的反式質體:含CB7啟動子、Firefly螢光素酶基因、及兔β球蛋白多腺苷化序列轉基因(即,CB7.ffluciferase.rBG),以重量計)的順向質體,及2) 於採集時,除冷凍/解凍外未進行其它處理(Lock M et al. Human Gene Therapy 2010;21:1259-1271)。我們使用針對載體poly A序列的引子及探針,藉由qPCR測量載體生產的力價。
AAV VP1 序列演化分析
應用Geneious 2019.2(www.geneious.com)版本構建DNA序列比對,並使用Geneious比對演算法。我們使用分支位點無限制統計檢驗進行演化之情節多樣化(BUSTED)及混合效應進化模型(MEME)程式對AAV VP1 DNA序列進行正向選汰假設檢驗統計分析。固定效應可能性 (FEL)檢驗用於進行去除性選汰假設檢驗。此等程式在位於www.datamonkey.org的HyPhy伺服器上運行。對於人類及恆河獼猴AAV天然分離株,我們使用BUSTED及FEL比較每個新分離株的系統發育分支與以最接近的BLASTn命中結束的分支。對於AAVHSC及AAV HiFi PCR突變體變體,我們將系統發育的所有分支作為一個整體進行測試,以確定由於此等族群的固有序列相似性,是否在整個樹的任何可能位點發生了正向選汰(Smith LJ et al. Molecular Therapy 2014;22:1625-34)。BUSTED及FEL利用概度比檢驗來確定顯著性,即是否有證據表明一個基因的正向或去除性選汰。對於MEME分析,我們評估每個系統發育(人類、恆河獼猴、HSC及HiFi)是否存在正向情節或普遍選汰。MEME使用概度比檢驗來確定顯著性。產生p < 0.05的結果被認為是顯著的。由於AAVrh81與該群的其餘部分存在顯著的序列差異,因此從恆河獼猴系統發育中移除AAVrh81而進行分析。
我們使用MAFFT版本7伺服器(mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/),使用鄰近連接法(neighbor-joining method)構建了所有系統發育樹。樹被靴拔重抽(bootstrap)100次並使用FigTree (tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/)進行樣式化。
統計
於圖2A,我們使用「wilcox.test」函數威爾卡森等級和檢定於各組間進行成對比較,於
RProgram(版本3.5.0;cran.r-project.org)。於圖2B及圖2C,於
RProgram(版本4.0.0;cran.r-project.org)中的「t.test」函數,使用司徒頓t檢驗將每個突變體以與AAV9進行比較。在0.05水平上評估統計顯著性。
實施例 2 :較低保真度 DNA 聚合酶產生較多隨機錯誤配對錯誤
我們首先評估聚合酶保真度對AAV分離的影響,以測試低保真度DNA聚合酶會產生具有更高PCR錯誤頻率的擴增子的斷定。我們使用含有AAV2
Rep基因和AAV9
Cap基因的純的、NGS驗證的AAV9反式質體 (即pAAV2/9)在包含具有不同複製保真度的DNA聚合酶之反應中作為PCR模板。我們應用高保真度聚合酶、Q5熱啟動高保真度DNA聚合酶(Q5)及保真度相對較低的聚合酶(HotStar HiFidelity (HiFi)聚合酶),因為它們的已知聚合酶保真度程度各不相同。採用與用於分離AAV天然分離物AAVHSC1-17和HiFi聚合酶的相同方案(Smith LJ et al. Molecular Therapy 2014;22:16-1634),我們發現,與使用高保真度Q5 DNA聚合酶生成的質體相比,從HiFi聚合酶PCR產物選殖和定序的質體在VP1區域中的隨機錯誤發生率高出30% - 60%:分別來自HiFi環狀和線狀組的19個及20個總定序PCR產物殖株中的11個和6個殖株包含至少一個錯誤配對。相較之下,在Q5線狀組和環狀組中,20個及24個已定序之PCR產物殖株中分別只具有一個錯誤配對(圖2A、圖2D及表1)。
我們接下來的目的是測定從HiFi聚合酶實驗產生的AAV9 PCR單離物衣殼序列是否具有功能。我們將分離物選殖至包含AAV2
Rep基因的pAAV2/9反式質體中,從而每個質體都包含突變體AAV9 VP1
Cap基因,然後這些突變體反式質體產生包含螢火蟲螢光素酶轉基因(即,CB7.ffluciferase.rBG)的AAV載體。突變衣殼中的兩個產生的載體力價與野生型AAV9 (D87G及G174D)的載體力價程度相似。與AAV9相比,其餘的突變體顯示出降低的載體生產能力(圖2B)。P32S的力價比AAV9低17%,而G177S、Q299H及Q678R顯示出生產力價降低80%-90%。與AAV9相比,S632F、K33T L648I及S348P M436T降低了60%-65%。突變體的Huh7感染力價(圖2C)顯示出與其載體生產力價相似的模式,但有一些例外,例如,突變體P32S具有約AAV9生產力價的83%,但其Huh7感染力價只有AAV9的約6%,意味著突變P32S可能會損害衣殼的Huh7轉導,這值得進一步研究。總之,這些結果表明,低保真度HiFi DNA聚合酶以不可預測的方式產生具有可變功能特性的突變體,這可能會損害新單離物的發現和表徵。
表1.列出具有PCR聚合酶介導之DNA突變的殖株及其相關的胺基酸變化。基於AAV9 VP1序列的突變DNA和蛋白質編號。AAV9 VP核酸序列(SEQ ID NO:67)。AAV9 VP1胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:68)。
實施例 3 :使用高保真度 PCR 聚合酶從非人類靈長類及人類組織中分離出來自多個分支群的新穎 AAV 序列
殖株名稱 | VP1中PCR 突變的數量 | DNA突變 | 蛋白質變化 | ||||
HiFi環狀-8 | 3 | g1098a | g1206a | c1895t | 緘默 | 緘默 | S632F |
HiFi環狀-2 | 2 | a98c | c1942a | K33T | L648I | ||
HiFi環狀-3 | 2 | c690t | a1305g | 緘默 | 緘默 | ||
HiFi環狀-4 | 2 | t1042c | t1307c | S348P | M436T | ||
HiFi環狀-6 | 2 | c513t | g521a | 緘默 | G174D | ||
HiFi環狀-10 | 2 | c690t | a1305g | 緘默 | 緘默 | ||
HiFi線狀-6 | 2 | g592c | c1467a | V198L | 緘默 | ||
HiFi線狀-20 | 2 | g479a | c855t | G160D | 緘默 | ||
HiFi環狀-1 | 1 | g529a | G177S | ||||
HiFi環狀-5 | 1 | a260g | D87G | ||||
HiFi環狀-7 | 1 | g897t | Q299H | ||||
HiFi環狀-9 | 1 | c94t | P32S | ||||
HiFi環狀-11 | 1 | a2033g | Q678R | ||||
HiFi線狀-9 | 1 | a1977g | 緘默 | ||||
HiFi線狀-12 | 1 | t1560c | 緘默 | ||||
HiFi線狀-13 | 1 | a1977g | 緘默 | ||||
HiFi線狀-19 | 1 | 368插入 | 框移 | ||||
Q5線狀-1 | 1 | a275g | K92R | ||||
Q5環狀-1 | 1 | c287a | A96D |
基因治療的進步需要鑑定新穎AAV衣殼。目前使用的大多數AAV天然變異體都來自靈長類組織。使用我們驗證過的基於高保真度Q5 PCR技術,我們研究了是否可從一組靈長類組織樣本中分離出新的衣殼序列。我們使用與衣殼序列之保守區域結合的引子來擴增3.1-kb AAV擴增子,以檢測和擴增50個非人類靈長類腸道組織樣本中存在的AAV基因組。在此方式中,我們發現12個AAV天然單離物序列,這些單離物的大部分屬於分支群D或E或包含AAVrh32.33的靈長類外群分支群(表2)。
表2.從非人類靈長類腸道組織樣本中回收的新穎AAV天然單離物,及與最接近的已知AAV的序列相似性。
aAAVrh81的DNA序列與GenBank資料庫中所有AAV的DNA序列存在實質差異,因此本表不包含DNA差異值。
來源ID | 單離物名稱 | 分支群 | GenBank中最接近的序列命中鹼基差異數目(同一性) | |
DNA | 蛋白質 | |||
NHP1 | AAVrh75 | E | 170 (AAVrh8,2041/2211) | 2 (AAVrh8,734/736) |
AAVrh76 | D | 87 (AAVrh48,2127/2214) | 5 (AAVrh48,732/737) | |
AAVrh77 | AAVrh32/rh33樣 | 30 (AAV11,2172/2202) | 2 (AAV11,731/733) | |
NHP2 | AAVrh78 | AAVrh32/rh33樣 | 94 (AAV11,2108/2202) | 5 (AAV11,728/733) |
AAVrh79 | E | 67 (AAVrh40,2150/2217) | 2 (AAVhu37,736/738) | |
AAVrh81 a | B | 121 (AAVhuT70,622/743) | ||
AAVrh89 | D | 165 (AAVrh35,2029/2194) | 34 (AAVrh22,694/728) | |
NHP3 | AAVrh82 | AAVrh32/rh33樣 | 11 (AAVrh32,2191/2202) | 1 (AAVrh32,732/733) |
NHP4 | AAVrh83 | E | 57 (AAVrh46,2154/2211) | 20 (AAVrh46,718/738) |
AAVrh84 | E | 100 (AAVrh46,2114/2214) | 35 (AAVrh46,703/738) | |
AAVrh85 | D | 62 (AAV7,2152/2214) | 9 (AAV7,728/737) | |
AAVrh87 | D | 94 (AAV7,2121/2215) | 22 (AAV7,715/737) |
我們亦使用Q5聚合酶從271個人類組織樣本中篩選基因體DNA,並獲得22個新的AAV天然單離物衣殼序列,包括分支群F成員AAVhu68 (SEQ ID NO:1)。這些新的AAV序列是從心臟、腸道、腎臟、肝臟、肺臟及脾臟中分離出來。總體而言,8%的人類樣本對AAV呈現陽性。大多數新穎的人類單離物可歸類為分支群B及C病毒,或類似於AAV2和AAV2-AAV3雜合體(表3)。儘管具有與先前報導的GenBank項目(即AAVhu32、AAV9和CHC367_AAV)相同的蛋白質序列,但三個源自人類的天然單離物仍呈現新的DNA序列。
表3.從人體組織樣本中回收的新穎AAV天然單離物及與最接近的已知AAV的序列相似性。
aAAVhu71/AAVhu74和AAVhu78/AAVhu88的蛋白質序列相同(AAVhu71 = AAVhu74,AAVhu78 = AAVhu88),但它們的DNA序列不同。
b回收的殖株與先前報導的AAV具有相同的胺基酸序列,但其等之DNA序列呈現差異。
實施例 4 : AAV 單基因體擴增 (AAV-SGA) 以高精度及準確度鑑定天然單離物 AAVhu68 衣殼序列
組織類型 | 單離物名稱 | 分支群 | 最接近的序列命中差異數目(同一性) | |
DNA | 蛋白質 | |||
心臟 22% (5/23) | hu32 b | F | 2 (AAVhu32 2209/2211) | 0 (AAVhu32 736/736) |
AAVhu68 | F | 20 (AAV9 2191/2211) | 2 (AAV9 734/736) | |
AAVhu71.74 a | C | 27 (CHC2107_AAV 2181/2208) | 1 (CHC367_AAV 734/735) | |
AAVhu79 | B | 41 (CHC473_AAV 2167/2208) | 7 (AAVhuT40 728/735) | |
AAVhu80 | B | 32 (AAVhu13 2176/2208) | 2 (CHC371_AAV 733/735) | |
腸道 25% (5/20) | AAVhu83 | B | 33 (AAVhu29 2175/2208) | 3 (AAVhu29 732/735) |
AAV9 b | F | 10 (AAV9 2201/2211) | 0 (AAV9 736/736) | |
AAVhu74.71 a | C | 23 (CHC976_AAV 2185/2208) | 1 (CHC367_AAV 734/735) | |
AAVhu77 | C | 25 (CHC367_AAV 2183/2208) | 0 (CHC367_AAV 735/735) | |
AAVhu78.88 a | C | 68 (CHC3142_AAV 2140/2208) | 9 (CHC3142_AAV 726/735) | |
腎臟 5% (1/20) | AAVhu70 | C | 33 (CHC685_AAV 2175/2208) | 3 (AAVhu60 732/735) |
肝臟 17% (9/54) | AAVhu72 | B | 36 (AAVhu13 2172/2208) | 2 (CHC2206_AAV 733/735) |
AAVhu75 | B | 36 (CHC473_AAV 2172/2208) | 2 (CHC1919_AAV 733/735) | |
AAVhu76 | C | 2 (AAVhu55 2203/2205) | 2 (AAVhu55 732/734) | |
AAVhu81 | B | 42 (CHC2087_AAV 2166/2208) | 6 (CHC371_AAV 729/735) | |
AAVhu82 | B | 26 (AAVhuT70 2182/2208) | 2 (AAVhuT70 733/735) | |
AAVhu84 | C | 29 (AAVhu25 2179/2208) | 2 (AAVhu60 733/735) | |
AAVhu86 | B | 45 (CHC387_AAV 2163/2208) | 8 (CHC877_AAV 727/735) | |
AAVhu87 | C | 52 (CHC1158_AAV 2156/2208) | 4 (人類/中國/上海/FX3-1613263/AAV 730/734) | |
AAVhu88.78 a | C | 65 (CHC3142_AAV 2145/2210) | 9 (CHC3142_AAV 726/735) | |
肺臟 3% (1/33) | AAVhu73 | C | 34 (CHC976_AAV 2174/2208) | 2 (AAVhu7 733/735) |
脾臟 3% (1/34) | AAVhu69 | C | 6 (AAVhu18 2202/2208) | 3 (AAVhu18 732/735) |
單基因體擴增(SGA)可準確地從混合樣本中擴增個別病毒序列。基於Salazar等人的先前報導和其他用於擴增及研究受感染患者的HIV基因體動力學(Salazar-Gonzalez JF et al. Journal of Virology 2008;82:3952-70;Simmonds P et al. Journal of Virology 1990;64:5840-50),我們調整SGA (圖1)以使用上述高保真度Q5聚合酶從哺乳動物組織樣本中準確分離AAV序列(數據未顯示)。在此項技術中,終點稀釋的基因體DNA作為PCR模板,並在各擴增子陽性的PCR中僅包含一個可擴增的AAV基因體。由於此方法的複製性質,該方法可防止由DNA聚合酶誘導的突變引起的序列不明。此技術亦減輕了可在DNA混合物中發生的DNA聚合酶模板轉換問題(從而導致人工重組擴增子的恢復),因為在各反應中只擴增一個AAV基因體。
我們試圖藉由在其起源的相同組織樣本上執行AAV-SGA來驗證先前分離的AAVhu68之序列,如表2所述。這種技術與高保真度Q5聚合酶的使用相結合,使我們能夠以高精度和準確度確認此序列的身份。我們的結果顯示,從此樣本中回收的所有單AAV基因體與先前習知的Q5 PCR分離的AAVhu68序列具有99.94%–100%的衣殼序列同一性。在從此樣本中回收的61個單AAV基因體衍生的擴增子中,僅有7個擴增子與原始序列有1到2個核苷酸錯誤配對。絕大多數(54/61)擴增子與先前分離的AAVhu68衣殼序列具有100% 的DNA序列同一性,這表明使用Q5聚合酶生成的序列資料可以被高度信賴地解釋。
實施例 5 : AAV 天然單離物衣殼蛋白序列顯示正向選汰的證據
使用Q5聚合酶AAV分離策略,我們能夠在受PCR介導的錯誤影響最小的情況下研究AAV基因體的演化特性。我們觀察到,當與先前根據GenBank序列資料庫報導的最接近的AAV序列相比,數個恢復的AAV天然單離物衣殼序列具有大於對應蛋白質序列變化的較大DNA差異數量。
若病毒經歷有利於特定基因突變的選擇壓力,我們預計該區域的非同義突變率(dN) 將高於同義突變率(dS)。序列中的有害突變恰恰相反。為了評估從靈長類組織中分離的AAV序列的演化穩定性,我們進行了統計分析,以確定與它們最接近的天然單離物序列相比,我們的新穎AAV的整個VP1基因是否存在正向、多樣化選汰的證據。我們使用用於情節多樣化的分支站點無限制統計檢驗(branch-site unrestricted statistical test for episodic diversification,BUSTED),因為它容易地用於對類似序列的小集合進行演化分析(Murrell B et al. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2015;32:1365-71)。BUSTED確定整個目標基因的dN/dS比率--跨越種系發生樹中不同分支組--是否暗示正向選汰。我們在數個分支點檢測到統計顯著性(p < 0.05),表明VP1基因中的至少一個位點在種系發生的測試分支之間經歷了多樣化的選汰(圖3A-圖3C、圖4及表4)。
表4.新穎AAV VP1基因與最接近的天然單離物序列的BUSTED分析。p值
a藉由BUSTED、概度比檢定所確定的統計顯著性
VP1 分支比較 | |||
新穎單離物 | 最接近的DNA命中 | 最接近的蛋白質命中 | 正向選汰的全基因測試 (p值) a |
hu32 b | AAVhu32 | AAVhu32 | 0.5 |
AAVhu68 | AAV9 | AAV9 | 0.014 |
AAVhu71.74 | CHC2107_AAV | CHC367_AAV | 0.5 |
AAVhu80 | AAVhu13 | CHC371_AAV | 0.424 |
AAVhu83 | AAVhu29 | AAVhu29 | 0.352 |
AAV9 b | AAV9 | AAV9 | 0.5 |
AAVhu74.71 | CHC976_AAV | CHC367_AAV | 0.5 |
AAVhu77 | CHC367_AAV | CHC367_AAV | 0.5 |
AAVhu78.88 | AAVhu88.78 | CHC3142_AAV | 0.5 |
AAVhu88.78 | AAVhu78.88 | CHC3142_AAV | |
AAVhu70 | AAVhu84 | AAVhu60 | 0.5 |
AAVhu72 | AAVhu13 | CHC2206_AAV | 0.393 |
AAVhu75 | CHC473_AAV | CHC1919_AAV | 0.267 |
AAVhu76 | AAVhu55 | AAVhu55 | 0.286 |
AAVhu81 | CHC2087_AAV | CHC371_AAV | 0.127 |
AAVhu82 | AAVhuT70 | AAVhuT70 | 0.5 |
AAVhu84 | AAVhu25 | AAVhu60 | 0.5 |
AAVhu79 | AAVhu86 | AAVhuT40 | 0.002 |
AAVhu86 | AAVhu79 | CHC877_AAV | |
AAVhu87 | CHC1158_AAV | 人類/中國/上海/FX3-1613263/AAV | 0.5 |
AAVhu73 | CHC976_AAV | AAVhu7 | 0.002 |
AAVhu69 | AAVhu18 | AAVhu18 | 0.441 |
AAVrh75 | AAVrh8 | AAVrh8 | 0.13 |
AAVrh76 | AAVrh48 | AAVrh48 | 0.436 |
AAVrh77 | AAVrh82 | AAV11 | 0.5 |
AAVrh78 | AAVrh77 | AAV11 | 0.5 |
AAVrh79 | AAVrh40 | AAVhu37 | 0.5 |
AAVrh81 | AAVhuT70 | ||
AAVrh89 | AAVrh35 | AAVrh22 | 0.001 |
AAVrh82 | AAVrh32 | AAV11 | 0.5 |
AAVrh83 | AAVrh84 | AAVrh46 | <0.001 |
AAVrh84 | AAVrh83 | AAVrh46 | |
AAVrh85 | AAVrh87 | AAV7 | <0.001 |
AAVrh87 | AAVrh85 | AAV7 | |
AAVHSCs | AAVHSCs | 1.000 | |
AAVHiFi PCR 突變體 | AAVHiFi PCR 突變體 | 1.000 |
在3/20個案例中,我們的人源AAV天然單離物對於從最接近的天然單離物分支群成員中進行多樣化選汰是呈正向(圖3A、表4)。在3/9個恆河獼猴單離物案例中,至少在衣殼序列的一個區域中出現了多樣化的選汰(圖3B、表4)。相較之下,當我們比較來自一組先前發表的源自人類造血幹細胞(HSC)的AAV天然單離物的整個序列之種系發生的測試分支時,BUSTED 分析並未顯示出正向、多樣化選汰的證據(圖3C、表4)。相似地,HiFi PCR突變體AAV VP1基因並未顯示出正向選汰的證據(表1、表4及圖4)。
除了對正向選汰進行全基因測試外,我們還評估各種係發生的VP1基因內的個別位點是否顯示出正向選汰或去除性選汰的證據。為了分析各組AAV序列是否存在正向選擇的演化熱點,我們使用演化混合效應模型(MEME)程序,因為它能夠檢測情節和普遍選汰。
MEME檢測到13個位點,這些位點顯示出從人類樣本中分離的AAV的VP1基因中的正向多樣化選汰的證據(表5)。其中的四個位點位於衣殼基因的高度可變區(HVR)(即,表面暴露的衣殼區域顯示出顯著的序列多樣性)。六個位點位於內部VP1獨特的區域(VP1u)。此外,我們在恆河獼猴樣本的衣殼序列資料集中發現19個重要位點(表5)。在這些19個位點中,10個位於HVR區域,1個位於VP1u。兩組序列還顯示HVR之間區域正向選汰的證據,這些區域包括衣殼結構的非表面暴露區域(表5)。MEME並不能檢測到任何在AAVHSC序列或HiFi PCR突變體-衣殼序列中進行正向選汰的位點。
我們還使用固定效果概度(Fixed Effects Likelihood,FEL)程式(Kosakovsky Pond SL et al. Molecular Biological Evolution 2005;22:1208-22)來檢測經過去除性選汰的新穎人類和非人類靈長類AAV種系發生中跨分支對的位點(表6)。與它們最接近的已知AAV相關物相比,在29個新穎AAV天然單離物序列中的15個內的位點顯示出去除性純化選汰的證據。相較之下,AAVHSC變異體和HiFi PCR突變體都不包含整個種系發生中的任何位點,這些位點顯示出藉由去除性選汰進行演化的證據。
表5.新穎AAV VP1種系發生的MEME分析,顯示了p < 0.05的所有位點。
a藉由MEME、概度比檢測確定的統計顯著性
AAV序列來源 | 位點 | MEME p值 a | AAV帽位置 | |
人類 | 16 | <0.01 | VP1u | AAV9 S16 |
24 | <0.01 | VP1u | AAV9 A24 | |
29 | 0.01 | VP1u | AAV9 A29 | |
35 | <0.01 | VP1u | AAV9 N35 | |
42 | 0.01 | VP1u | AAV9 A42 | |
164 | <0.01 | VP1u | AAV9 A164 | |
205 | 0.01 | VP3起始 | AAV9 S205 | |
233 | 0.03 | 在VP3起始與HVR I之間 | AAV9 Q233 | |
269 | <0.01 | HVR I | AAV9 S269 | |
412 | <0.01 | 在HVR III與IV之間 | AAV9 Q412 | |
580 | 0.02 | HVR XIII | AAV9 Q579 | |
591 | 0.03 | HVR XIII | AAV9 Q590 | |
723 | <0.01 | HVR IX | AAV9 S722 | |
恆河獼猴 | 193 | <0.01 | VP1u | AAVrh8 G189 |
269 | 0.01 | HVR I | AAVrh8 S265 | |
277 | <0.01 | 在HVR I與II之間 | AAVrh8 T273 | |
318 | 0.02 | 在HVR I與II之間 | AAVrh8 N314 | |
331 | 0.01 | HVR II | AAVrh8 T327 | |
418 | 0.01 | 在HVR III與IV之間 | AAVrh8 Q412 | |
461 | 0.03 | HVR IV | AAVrh8 G454 | |
484 | 0.01 | HVR IV | AAVrh8 A472 | |
506 | 0.04 | HVR V | AAVrh8 N494 | |
573 | <0.01 | HVR VII | AAVrh8 S556 | |
604 | 0.03 | HVR VIII | AAVrh8 A587 | |
677 | <0.01 | 在HVR VIII與IX之間 | AAVrh8 L660 | |
678 | 0.02 | 在HVR VIII與IX之間 | AAVrh8 T661 | |
681 | <0.01 | 在HVR VIII與IX之間 | AAVrh8 Q664 | |
685 | <0.01 | 在HVR VIII與IX之間 | AAVrh8 N668 | |
723 | 0.03 | HVR IX | AAVrh8 Y706 | |
725 | <0.01 | HVR IX | AAVrh8 S708 | |
727 | <0.01 | HVR IX | AAVrh8 N710 | |
739 | 0.03 | 在HVR IX與C終端之間 | AAVrh8 S722 |
表6.新穎AAV VP1基因與最接近的天然單離物序列的固定效果概度分析。
*概度比測試
新穎單離物 | 最接近的DNA命中 | 最接近的蛋白質命中 | 去除性選汰之位點數 * p<0.05 |
hu32 b | AAVhu32 | AAVhu32 | 0 |
AAVhu68 | AAV9 | AAV9 | 0 |
AAVhu71.74 | CHC2107_AAV | CHC367_AAV | 4 |
AAVhu80 | AAVhu13 | CHC371_AAV | 1 |
AAVhu83 | AAVhu29 | AAVhu29 | 1 |
AAV9 b | AAV9 | AAV9 | 0 |
AAVhu74.71 | CHC976_AAV | CHC367_AAV | 0 |
AAVhu77 | CHC367_AAV | CHC367_AAV | 0 |
AAVhu78.88 | AAVhu88.78 | CHC3142_AAV | 4 |
AAVhu88.78 | AAVhu78.88 | CHC3142_AAV | |
AAVhu70 | AAVhu84 | AAVhu60 | 0 |
AAVhu72 | AAVhu13 | CHC2206_AAV | 0 |
AAVhu75 | CHC473_AAV | CHC1919_AAV | 3 |
AAVhu76 | AAVhu55 | AAVhu55 | 0 |
AAVhu81 | CHC2087_AAV | CHC371_AAV | 4 |
AAVhu82 | AAVhuT70 | AAVhuT70 | 0 |
AAVhu84 | AAVhu25 | AAVhu60 | 0 |
AAVhu79 | AAVhu86 | AAVhuT40 | 1 |
AAVhu86 | AAVhu79 | CHC877_AAV | |
AAVhu87 | CHC1158_AAV | 人類/中國/上海/FX3-1613263/AAV | 2 |
AAVhu73 | CHC976_AAV | AAVhu7 | 0 |
AAVhu69 | AAVhu18 | AAVhu18 | 0 |
AAVrh75 | AAVrh8 | AAVrh8 | 82 |
AAVrh76 | AAVrh48 | AAVrh48 | 23 |
AAVrh77 | AAVrh82 | AAV11 | 0 |
AAVrh78 | AAVrh77 | AAV11 | 10 |
AAVrh79 | AAVrh40 | AAVhu37 | 9 |
AAVrh81 | AAVhuT70 | ||
AAVrh89 | AAVrh35 | AAVrh22 | 43 |
AAVrh82 | AAVrh32 | AAV11 | 0 |
AAVrh83 | AAVrh84 | AAVrh46 | 1 |
AAVrh84 | AAVrh83 | AAVrh46 | |
AAVrh85 | AAVrh87 | AAV7 | 1 |
AAVrh87 | AAVrh85 | AAV7 | |
AAVHSCs | AAVHSCs | 0 | |
AAVHiFi PCR突變體 | AAVHiFi PCR突變體 | 0 |
自1965年發現AAV以來,AAV序列分離技術有了很大的進展。在此研究中,我們比較了兩種DNA聚合酶在AAV分離方面的DNA複製保真度:HotStar HiFidelity聚合酶和Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity聚合酶。我們發現,與使用Q5聚合酶的方法相比,使用HiFi聚合酶和具有大量PCR循環的方案(一種以前用於發現新穎AAV的方法)導致模板DNA產生顯著更高的擴增子隨機突變率。突變型PCR單離物產生載體並在活體外以不同水平轉導Huh7細胞。這些實驗強調了在衣殼基因體分離過程中低DNA聚合酶保真度對AAV功能的可變和不可預測的影響。
Tindall等人率先證明了DNA聚合酶可在擴增的DNA中產生突變(Tindall KR et al. Biochemistry 1988;27:6008-6013)。從那時起,研究人員分離並設計了多種新的聚合酶來解決這項問題,包括Q5 (最準確的聚合酶之一),具有鹼基替換率5.3 x 10
-7bp,與 Taq 聚合酶相比,相當於高出約280倍保真度(Potapov V et al. PloS one 2017;12:e016977)。相較之下,據報導HotStar HiFi聚合酶的保真度僅比Taq 高10倍。我們證實最理想的AAV分離需要使用可用的最高保真度DNA聚合酶,在這種情況下為Q5。
我們還使用Q5聚合酶進行AAV-SGA,以驗證在這項工作中分離的一種人源AAV (AAVhu68)的序列同一性。這種技術的複制性質,再加上Q5聚合酶的高保真度,使我們能精密及準確地鑑定此單離物的衣殼序列。此外,我們使用基於Q5聚合酶的技術獲得的擴增子的定序資料與我們經由NGS方法獲得的擴增子一致,從而驗證了這種AAV天然單離物衣殼基因的同一性。AAV-SGA確實從AAVhu68基因體中恢復了其中1-2個核苷酸錯誤配對的一小部分擴增子序列,這可能歸因於NGS錯誤、Q5的低錯誤率或熱循環引起的DNA損傷,如Potapov等人所表徵的(PloS one 2017;12:e0169774)。這些數據表明,AAV-SGA是一種以非常高的精密度和準確度分析病毒族群的強大工具。
藉由使用基於Q5的高保真度AAV分離方法,我們發現天然AAV變異體衣殼蛋白質序列保持相對穩定,而它們的DNA序列與其在GenBank中最接近的相關物相比,可表現出相當大的變化。此發現與我們的HiFi PCR突變體序列及從人類HSC (AAVHSC)中鑑定的AAV序列子集合形成明顯對比,其中更多的胺基酸變化與DNA序列改變相關。在任何病毒族群中,人們預計來自免疫系統的宿主介導的演化壓力或介導組織向性的因子會促進與宿主-衣殼相互作用(諸如細胞粘附、進入和病毒運輸)過程相關的正向的、多樣化選汰。然而,這些選擇壓力在活體外複製環境中並不存在,例如在生成PCR突變體時所使用的環境。
我們使用BUSTED程式來確定整個AAV衣殼序列是否在其最接近的演化譜系中受到正向選汰。我們的結果顯示了多樣化選汰的證據,即使是在兩個單離物之間呈現出高DNA序列變異和高胺基酸序列同源性的情況下也是如此。相反地,對於多個AAV之間的DNA序列變異導致胺基酸變化(即,AAVHSC和AAV HiFi PCR突變體)的少數情況,BUSTED分析並未提供多樣化選汰的證據。一個不可預期的發現是,儘管具有很高的非同義突變率,但從諸如人類HSC等天然來源中回收的AAV族群並未顯示出演化壓力介導的變化的證據。
我們使用MEME來闡明新穎AAV自然變異體中位點特定的演化模式(Murrell B et al. PLoS Genetics 2012;8:e1002764)。大多數呈現演化證據的位點都映射到AAV HVR;表面暴露的HVR介導與宿主因子(諸如抗體和細胞表面受體)的相互作用。此外,一些位點位於VP1u區域中VP3起始之前,該區域與宿主細胞細胞內運輸機制相互作用。在這些位點呈現出的演化壓力可很好地表明哪些衣殼區域可從載體工程的角度來進行修飾。相較之下,AAVHSC單離物和HiFi PCR突變體均不包含任何顯示出顯著選擇壓力的位點,進一步證實聚合酶引入的錯誤會顯著影響AAV序列分析、發現和功能。雖然高保真度DNA聚合酶對於從天然來源進行最理想的基於PCR之AAV分離和表徵是必要的,但容易出錯的聚合酶可藉由將隨機突變導入給定的AAV衣殼骨架來擴展和多樣化候選AAV庫。
這些結果強調需要準確的AAV分離方法,以得出關於基因組變異引起的AAV演化、遺傳學和生物學功能的有效結論。我們的發現表明,並非所有「高保真度」DNA聚合酶都是一樣的,因此在分析由低保真度聚合酶生成的AAV序列時必須謹慎。將諸如SGA之方法與高保真聚合酶結合使用,可準確分離可能包含下一個候選基因治療載體的天然AAV族群。
從人類組織樣本、非人類靈長類組織樣本中回收的新型AAV天然單離物及其序列總結在下表7和表8中。
表7.從人體組織樣本中回收的新穎AAV天然單離物及其序列。
單離物名稱 | SEQ ID NOs | |
DNA | 蛋白質 | |
hu32 | 77 | 70 |
hu68 | 1 | 2 |
hu71/74 | 3 | 4 |
hu79 | 5 | 6 |
hu80 | 7 | 8 |
hu83 | 9 | 10 |
AAV9 | 76 | 68 |
hu74/71 | 11 | 12 |
hu77 | 13 | 14 |
hu78/88 | 15 | 16 |
hu70 | 17 | 18 |
hu72 | 19 | 20 |
hu75 | 21 | 22 |
hu76 | 23 | 24 |
hu81 | 25 | 26 |
hu82 | 27 | 28 |
hu84 | 29 | 30 |
hu86 | 31 | 32 |
hu87 | 33 | 34 |
hu88/78 | 35 | 36 |
hu73 | 73 | 74 |
hu69 | 37 | 38 |
表8.從非人類靈長類腸組織樣本中回收的新穎AAV天然單離物及其序列。
實施例 6 :具有新穎衣殼的重組 AAV 載體的產量和轉導程度的評估
單離物名稱 | SEQ ID NOs | |
DNA | 蛋白質 | |
rh75 | 39 | 40 |
rh76 | 41 | 42 |
rh77 | 43 | 44 |
rh78 | 45 | 46 |
rh79 | 47 | 48 |
rh81 | 49 | 50 |
rh89 | 51 | 52 |
rh82 | 53 | 54 |
rh83 | 55 | 56 |
rh84 | 57 | 58 |
rh85 | 59 | 60 |
rh87 | 61 | 62 |
對於CellSTACK®規模生產,使用Lock等人描述的方案生產和純化rAAV載體(Human Gene Therapy 21:1259–1271, 2010年10月)。純化產物的力價藉由Lock等人描述的Droplet Digital PCR測量(Human Gene Therapy 25:115–25, 2014年4月)。該方案的三重轉染部分中使用的三個質體為:腺病毒輔助質體pAdΔF6、攜帶AAV2 rep基因和新穎AAV單離物之衣殼基因的反式質體、及攜帶兩側為AAV2 5'和3' ITR之轉基因匣的順式質體。順式質體包括具有TBG啟動子和eGFP轉基因的表現匣。具有AAVrh75、AAVrh76、AAVrh77、AAVrh78、AAAVrh79、AAVrh81、AAVrh82、AAVrh83、AAVrh84、AAVrh87、AAVrh89衣殼的重組載體的產量顯示於圖15。
關於12孔培養盤規模生產,該方案調整自上述CellSTACK®方案,沒有純化步驟,主要是藉由按比例減少細胞培養區域使用的材料。此處使用的反式質體包括AAVrh75和AAVrh81衣殼基因。此處使用的順式質體包括CB7啟動子和螢火蟲螢光素酶基因。生產後,收集培養上清液並離心以去除細胞碎片。然後藉由生物活性測定測量產量,其中使用等體積的上清液轉導Huh7和MC57G細胞,並以光度計(BioTek)測量螢光素酶活性。圖16顯示相對於可比較的AAV8載體的感染力價。在人類細胞株Huh7中,AAVrh81載體比AAVrh75載體具有更高程度的傳染性,但在小鼠細胞株MC57G中表現出較低程度的傳染性。
此外,在活體內評估轉基因的遞送。以具有AAV8或AAVrh81衣殼和含有肝臟特異性啟動子(LSP)啟動子和人類因子IX轉基因之載體基因組的rAAV靜脈注射小鼠。在第28天,收集血漿以測量因子IX濃度。AAVrh81載體遞送後人類因子IX的表現遠低於AAV8 (圖17)。在進一步的研究中,將具有AAVrh78、AAVrh83、AAVrh84、AAVrh85、AAVrh87、AAVrh89或AAV8衣殼和帶有TBG啟動子和eGFP轉基因的載體基因體的rAAV載體以1 x 10
11GC/小鼠 靜脈內給藥。在第14天採集肝臟以評估GFP表現。對於AAVrh83,轉導與AAV8相當,而在遞送AAVrh84載體後,GFP濃度非常低(圖18)。從肝臟中提取基因體DNA以測量載體基因體拷貝qPCR。AAVrh78、AAVrh85、AAVrh87和AAVrh89的肝臟轉導程度分別是AAV8檢測程度的約49%、72%、16%和22% (圖19)。
本說明書中所列之所有專利案、專利公開案及出版物皆藉由引用併入本文。2020年10月29日申請之美國臨時專利申請號63/107,030及2021年6月24日申請之美國臨時專利申請號63/214,530藉由引述而併入本文。標示為「21-9492.PCT_ST25」的附加序列表藉由引用併入本文。儘管已參考特定具體實施例而描述本發明,應理解於不脫離本發明的精神下可進行修改。意圖使此種修改落入所附申請專利範圍的範圍內。
無。
圖1顯示AAV-單基因體擴增(AAV-SGA)之圖解。使用AAV特異性引物藉由PCR篩選批量哺乳動物基因體DNA樣本,擴增AAV基因體之3.1 kb區域,該區域包含Rep基因的末端3分之一及完整Cap基因序列。於AAV偵測PCR獲得陽性結果的樣本於96孔盤格式中終點稀釋並使用作為3.1 kb擴增子(amplicon)AAV-特異性PCR用的模板。造成PCR陽性率低於30%的gDNA的稀釋液在每個反應中含有一個可擴增的AAV基因體。每個陽性擴增子皆使用Illumina MiSeq平台進行大小選擇及定序。來自單基因體的讀數從頭組裝以恢復含有VP1衣殼基因的全長AAV片段重疊組(contig)。
圖2A-圖2D顯示DNA聚合酶的可變保真度和PCR突變體的生物活性的分析。(圖2A)由HiFi和Q5 DNA聚合酶在環狀和線狀質體模板上誘導的PCR錯誤的比較。選殖並定序PCR產物。每一點代表一個單獨的質體殖株。HiFi環狀,n=19;HiFi線狀,n=20;Q5環狀,n=24;Q5線狀,n=20質體殖株。(圖2B)藉由HiFi PCR產生的AAV9-突變體PCR單離物之載體生產力價。突變體衣殼與CB7.ffluciferase.rBG轉基因一起包裝。我們藉由總HEK293三重轉染細胞溶胞產物的qPCR測量基因體拷貝力價。(圖2C)PCR突變體的Huh7感染力價,如藉由螢光素酶發光測量。「n/a」:「無法使用」因為發光值低於檢測限值。於B及C,AAV9對照設為100%;值顯示為平均值及標準偏差(SD)。以威爾卡森等級和檢定(Wilcoxon rank sum test)(圖2A)及司徒頓t檢驗(Student's t-test)(圖2B及圖2C)評價統計顯著性;不顯著(NS):
p>= 0.05,*
p< 0.05,**
p< 0.01及***
p< 0.001。(圖2D)比對的PCR突變體AAV Cap DNA序列之圖解。對AAV9的每個核苷酸錯誤配對係呈黑線顯示。於此等實驗中錯誤配對的序列資訊詳細記載於表1。
圖3A-圖3C顯示來自人類單離物(圖3A)、恆河獼猴(rhesus macaque)單離物(圖3B)及先前報告的人類的AAV HSC(圖3C)之AAV VP1 DNA序列之AAV VP1基因鄰近連接種系發生(neighbor-joining phylogeny)的正向選汰之種系發生分析。正向選汰之BUSTED檢測的證據的分支用紅色著色。帶圓圈的分支節點代表靴帶支持值(bootstrap support value)> 70。
圖4顯示HiFi PCR突變體AAV VP1基因之種系發生分析。HiFi PCR突變體的AAV VP1 DNA序列之鄰近連接種系。
圖5A-圖5C顯示AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:81)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、及AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)的胺基酸序列的比對。
圖6A-圖6G顯示AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:19)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:21)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:5)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:7)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:25)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:27)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:9)、及AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:31)的核苷酸序列的比對。
圖7A-圖7D顯示AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、及AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:50)的胺基酸序列的比對。
圖8A-圖8J顯示AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:37)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:17)、AAVhu71.74 (SEQ ID NO:3)、AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:73)、AAVhu74.71 (SEQ ID NO:11)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:23)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:13)、AAVhu78.88 (SEQ ID NO:15)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:29)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:33)、AAVhu88.78 (SEQ ID NO:25)、及AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:49)的核苷酸序列的比對。
圖9A-圖9B顯示AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、及AAV7 (SEQ ID NO:85)的胺基酸序列的比對。
圖10A-圖10E顯示AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:39)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:41)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:59)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:61)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:51)、及AAV7 (SEQ ID NO:84)的核苷酸序列的比對。
圖11A-圖11B顯示AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:48)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)、及AAV8 (SEQ ID NO:83)的胺基酸序列的比對。
圖12A-圖12E顯示AAVrh79 (SEQ ID NO:47)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:55)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:57)、及AAV8 (SED ID NO:82)的核苷酸序列的比對。
圖13顯示AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、及AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)的胺基酸序列的比對。
圖14A-圖14C顯示AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:43)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:45)、及AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:53)的核苷酸序列的比對。
圖15顯示AAV載體產量。含有所示單離物衣殼基因的順式質體用於包裝含有TBG啟動子和eGFP轉基因的載體基因體。載體以三重轉染(各一個CellStack)製造,以碘克沙醇(iodixanol)梯度純化,並使用qPCR滴定。「E+ #」係指數值中E+之後的指數,例如,E+13指「x 10
13」。「GC」指載體基因體拷貝。
圖16顯示AAVrh75及AAVrh81載體製備物的感染力價。以平盤規模製備具AAVrh75及AAVrh81衣殼的載體 (攜帶報導子轉基因匣),以AAV8作為對照。然後使用粗製溶胞產物以轉導人類及小鼠細胞株。AAVrh75及AAVrh81的感染力價表示為相對於AAV8對照的轉導。
圖17顯示AAVrh81載體的肝臟轉導。C57BL/6J小鼠以1 x 10
10gc/動物靜脈內投劑AAVrh91.LSP.hF9或AAV8.LSP.hF9並於投劑後28天收集血漿用於人類F9(hF9)測量。
圖18顯示AAVrh83及AAVrh84載體的肝臟轉導。C57BL/6J小鼠以1 x 10
11gc/動物靜脈內投劑AAVrh83.TBG.eGFP或AAVrh84.TBG.eGFP。14天後收取肝臟用於GFP成影。顯示每隻動物的代表性影像。
圖19顯示新穎AAV單離物的肝臟轉導。C57BL/6J小鼠以1 x 10
11gc/動物靜脈內投劑AAVrh78.TBG.eGFP、AAVrh78.TBG.eGFP、AAVrh78.TBG.eGFP或AAVrh78.TBG.eGFP、或AAV8.TBG.eGFP(AAVrh87為6.4 x 10
10gc/動物,由於低製備力價)。14天後收取肝臟並萃取基因體DNA用於藉由qPCR進行載體基因體拷貝測量。AAVrh78、AAVrh85、AAVrh87、及AAVrh89的肝臟轉導水平分別為AAV8之~49%、72%、16%及22%。呈示p值(t檢定,與AAV8組相比)。
無。
Claims (11)
- 一種重組腺相關病毒(rAAV),其包含衣殼及載體基因體,該載體基因體包含AAV 5’反向末端重複(ITR)、包含可操作地連結至表現控制序列之編碼基因產物的核酸序列的表現匣、及AAV 3’ ITR,其中該衣殼為: (a)AAVrh75衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:40的核酸序列或與其至少99%相同且基於SEQ ID NO:40的編號在位置24具有Asn (N)胺基酸殘基的序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:40之一序列之SEQ ID NO:39的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:40之至少位置N57、N262、N384、及/或N512中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (b)AAVhu71/74衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:4之一序列之SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh71/74 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh71/74 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (c)AAVhu79衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:6的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:6之一序列之SEQ ID NO:5的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu79 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu79 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:6之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (d)AAVhu80衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:8的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:8之一序列之SEQ ID NO:7的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu80 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu80 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:8之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (e)AAVhu83衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:10的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:10之一序列之SEQ ID NO:9的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:10之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (f)AAVhu74/71衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:12的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:12之一序列之SEQ ID NO:11的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu74/71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu74/71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:12之至少4個位置中被95%至100%脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (g)AAVhu77衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:14的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:14之一序列之SEQ ID NO:12的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu77 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu77 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:14之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (h)AAVhu78/88衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:16的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:16之一序列之SEQ ID NO:15的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu78/88 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu78/88 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:16之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (i)AAVhu70衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:18的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:18之一序列之SEQ ID NO:17的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu70 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu70 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:18之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (j)AAVhu72衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:20的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:20之一序列之SEQ ID NO:19的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu72 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu72 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:20之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (k)AAVhu75衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:22的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:22之一序列之SEQ ID NO:21的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu75 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:22之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (l)AAVhu76衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:24的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:24之一序列之SEQ ID NO:23的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu76 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu76 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:24之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (m)AAVhu81衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:26的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:26之一序列之SEQ ID NO:25的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:26之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (n)AAVhu82衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:28的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:28之一序列之SEQ ID NO:27的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:28之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (o)AAVhu84衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:30的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:30之一序列之SEQ ID NO:28的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:30之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (p)AAVhu86衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:32的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:32之一序列之SEQ ID NO:31的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu86 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu86 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:32之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (q)AAVhu87衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:34的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:34之一序列之SEQ ID NO:33的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:34之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (r)AAVhu88/78衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:36的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:36之一序列之SEQ ID NO:35的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu88/78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu88/78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:36之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (s)AAVhu69衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:38的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:38之一序列之SEQ ID NO:37的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:38之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (t)AAVrh76衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:42的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:42之一序列之SEQ ID NO:41的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVhu69 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:42之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (u)AAVrh77衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:44的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:44之一序列之SEQ ID NO:43的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh71 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:44之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (v)AAVrh78衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:46的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:46之一序列之SEQ ID NO:45的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh78 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:45之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (w)AAVrh81衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:50的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:50之一序列之SEQ ID NO:49的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh81 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:50之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (x)AAVrh89衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:52的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:52一序列之SEQ ID NO:51的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh89 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh89 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:52之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (y)AAVrh82衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:54的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:54之一序列之SEQ ID NO:53的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh82 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:54之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (z)AAVrh83衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:56的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:56之一序列之SEQ ID NO:55的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh83 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:56之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (aa)AAVrh84衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:58的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:58之一序列之SEQ ID NO:57的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh84 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:58之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (bb)AAVrh85衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:60的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:60之一序列之SEQ ID NO:59的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh85 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh85 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:60之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺; (cc)AAVrh87衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:62的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:62之一序列之SEQ ID NO:61的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh87 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:62之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺;或 (dd)AAVhu73衣殼,由下列所組成:(a)由編碼SEQ ID NO:74的核酸序列所生產的衣殼;(b)由編碼SEQ ID NO:74之一序列之SEQ ID NO:73的核酸序列或與其至少95%相同的序列所生產的衣殼;或(c)為AAVrh73 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質之異源混合物的衣殼,該AAVrh73 vp1、vp2及vp3蛋白質於SEQ ID NO:74之至少4個位置中95%至100%被脫醯胺,且可選擇地於其它位置被脫醯胺。
- 如請求項1之rAAV,其中該基因產物有用於治療肝臟之病症或疾病,且其中該衣殼為AAVrh75、AAVrh79、AAVrh83、或AAVrh84衣殼。
- 如請求項1之rAAV,其中該基因產物為基因編輯核酸酶。
- 如請求項1之rAAV,其中該基因產物為免疫球蛋白、治療性蛋白質、或免疫球蛋白構築體。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之rAAV,其中該表現匣包含組織特異性啟動子。
- 一種宿主細胞,其含有如請求項1至5中任一項之rAAV。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含如請求項1至5中任一項之rAAV、及生理學上相容的載劑、緩衝劑、佐劑、及/或稀釋劑。
- 一種遞送轉基因至細胞之方法,該方法包含將細胞與如請求項1至5中任一項之rAAV接觸之步驟,其中該rAAV包含該轉基因。
- 一種生產包含AAV衣殼的重組腺相關病毒(rAAV)之方法,該方法包含培養宿主細胞,該宿主細胞含有: (a)編碼AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:40)、AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:4)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:6)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:8)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:10)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:12)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:14)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:16)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:18)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:20)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:22)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:24)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:26)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:28)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:30)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:32)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:34)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:36)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:38)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:42)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:44)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:46)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:50)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:52)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:54)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:56)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:58)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:60)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:62)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:74)之AAV vp1、vp2、及/或vp3衣殼蛋白質之分子、或編碼與SEQ ID NOs:40、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38、42、44、46、50、52、54、56、58、60、62、或74之任一者共享至少99%同一性的AAV vp1、vp2、及/或vp3衣殼蛋白質之分子,(b)功能性rep基因;(c)包含AAV反向末端重複(ITR)及轉基因的載體基因體;及(d)充足的輔助功能以允許將載體基因體包裝至AAV衣殼蛋白質中。
- 一種質體,其包含AAVrh75 (SEQ ID NO:39)、AAVhu71/74 (SEQ ID NO:3)、AAVhu79 (SEQ ID NO:5)、AAVhu80 (SEQ ID NO:7)、AAVhu83 (SEQ ID NO:9)、AAVhu74/71 (SEQ ID NO:11)、AAVhu77 (SEQ ID NO:13)、AAVhu78/88 (SEQ ID NO:15)、AAVhu70 (SEQ ID NO:17)、AAVhu72 (SEQ ID NO:19)、AAVhu75 (SEQ ID NO:21)、AAVhu76 (SEQ ID NO:23)、AAVhu81 (SEQ ID NO:25)、AAVhu82 (SEQ ID NO:27)、AAVhu84 (SEQ ID NO:29)、AAVhu86 (SEQ ID NO:31)、AAVhu87 (SEQ ID NO:33)、AAVhu88/78 (SEQ ID NO:35)、AAVhu69 (SEQ ID NO:37)、AAVrh76 (SEQ ID NO:41)、AAVrh77 (SEQ ID NO:43)、AAVrh78 (SEQ ID NO:45)、AAVrh81 (SEQ ID NO:49)、AAVrh89 (SEQ ID NO:51)、AAVrh82 (SEQ ID NO:53)、AAVrh83 (SEQ ID NO:55)、AAVrh84 (SEQ ID NO:57)、AAVrh85 (SEQ ID NO:59)、AAVrh87 (SEQ ID NO:61)、或AAVhu73 (SEQ ID NO:73)之vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列,或與SEQ ID NO:39、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27、29、31、33、35、37、41、43、45、49、51、53、55、57、59、61、或73之任一者共享至少95%同一性的vp1、vp2、及/或vp3序列。
- 一種培養的宿主細胞,其含有如請求項10之質體。
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2021
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CN117042787A8 (zh) | 2023-12-08 |
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AU2021369793A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
CA3196499A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
US20230407333A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
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