TW202227289A - Power management system for electric locomotives including a low-voltage auxiliary battery, a power battery and a vehicle controller - Google Patents

Power management system for electric locomotives including a low-voltage auxiliary battery, a power battery and a vehicle controller Download PDF

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TW202227289A
TW202227289A TW110100239A TW110100239A TW202227289A TW 202227289 A TW202227289 A TW 202227289A TW 110100239 A TW110100239 A TW 110100239A TW 110100239 A TW110100239 A TW 110100239A TW 202227289 A TW202227289 A TW 202227289A
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power
battery
low
voltage
auxiliary battery
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TW110100239A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI779451B (en
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鄧信良
許敏澤
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光陽工業股份有限公司
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Priority to CN202110622972.4A priority patent/CN114715314A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
    • B62J43/10—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion
    • B62J43/16—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion on motorcycles or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A power management system for an electric locomotive, comprising a low-voltage auxiliary battery, a power battery and a vehicle controller, the vehicle controller is electrically connected to the power battery and the low-voltage auxiliary battery; after the vehicle controller receives a power-off signal of the electric locomotive, the vehicle controller determines whether a charging condition is satisfied, if the charging condition is satisfied, the vehicle controller controls the power battery to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery to ensure that the power storage of the low-voltage auxiliary battery is sufficient.

Description

電動機車的電源管理系統Power Management System for Electric Locomotives

本發明係有關一種電源管理系統，特別是指電動機車的電源管理系統。The present invention relates to a power management system, in particular to a power management system of an electric locomotive.

習知電動機車的電源可包含一動力電池(例如鋰電池)與輸出電壓較低的一低壓輔助電池(例如鉛酸電池)，當電動機車啟動(key on)時，該動力電池實施整車供電，由該動力電池提供驅動電源給電動機車的一馬達控制器與一動力馬達以供應整車動力，該動力電池亦可透過一直流-直流電源轉換器對該低壓輔助電池進行充電。當電動機車未啟動(key off)而待機時，該動力電池停止整車供電，此時該低壓輔助電池提供工作電壓給電動機車的通訊控制器(Communication Control Unit, CCU)以及無線連接模組(例如：藍芽模組(Bluetooth)、行動通訊模組(LTE)、通用封包無線服務模組(GPRS)、免鑰匙(keyless)控制模組、近場通訊模組(NFC)、智慧儀表…等)以於待機下供電，例如使通訊控制器與無線連接模組在電動機車未啟動的情況下仍能正常運作。The power source of the conventional electric locomotive may include a power battery (such as a lithium battery) and a low-voltage auxiliary battery (such as a lead-acid battery) with a lower output voltage. When the electric locomotive is keyed on, the power battery supplies power to the entire vehicle. , the power battery provides driving power to a motor controller and a power motor of the electric locomotive to supply power to the whole vehicle, and the power battery can also charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery through a DC-DC power converter. When the electric scooter is not started (key off) and is in standby, the power battery stops the power supply of the whole vehicle, and the low-voltage auxiliary battery provides working voltage to the communication controller (CCU) and the wireless connection module ( For example: Bluetooth module (Bluetooth), mobile communication module (LTE), general packet wireless service module (GPRS), keyless (keyless) control module, near field communication module (NFC), smart meter, etc. ) to supply power in standby mode, for example, the communication controller and the wireless connection module can still operate normally when the electric locomotive is not started.

由此可見，在電動機車未啟動時，該低壓輔助電池將持續耗電，當電動機車長時間(例如持續2週或1個月)都未啟動，導致該低壓輔助電池長時間無法被充電，導致該低壓輔助電池隨著長時間耗電而無法提供足夠/穩定的工作電壓給無線連接模組，舉例來說，因電源異常，可能中止免鑰匙控制模組的正常運作，使用者從而無法透過免鑰匙功能啟動電動機車，必需直接更換另一低壓輔助電池或特殊外部電源供應器接電充電，造成使用上的困擾。It can be seen that when the electric locomotive is not started, the low-voltage auxiliary battery will continue to consume power. When the electric locomotive is not started for a long time (for example, for 2 weeks or 1 month), the low-voltage auxiliary battery cannot be charged for a long time. As a result, the low-voltage auxiliary battery cannot provide sufficient/stable operating voltage to the wireless connection module due to long-term power consumption. For example, due to abnormal power supply, the normal operation of the keyless control module may be suspended, and the user cannot pass To start the electric scooter with the keyless function, it is necessary to directly replace another low-voltage auxiliary battery or a special external power supply for charging, which causes troubles in use.

[所欲解決之問題][problem to be solved]

有鑒於此，本發明的主要目的是提供一種電動機車的電源管理系統，以期克服先前技術所述電動機車長時間未啟動所導致低壓輔助電池長時間無法充電的缺點。In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a power management system for an electric scooter, in order to overcome the disadvantage of the electric scooter in the prior art that the low-voltage auxiliary battery cannot be charged for a long time because the electric scooter is not started for a long time.

[解決問題的技術手段][Technical means to solve the problem]

本發明電動機車的電源管理系統包含： 一低壓輔助電池； 一動力電池；以及 一整車控制器，電連接該動力電池與該低壓輔助電池；當該整車控制器接收到該電動機車的一電源關閉信號後，該整車控制器判斷是否符合一充電條件，若符合該充電條件，該整車控制器控制該動力電池對該低壓輔助電池進行充電。 The power management system of the electric locomotive of the present invention includes: a low-voltage auxiliary battery; a power battery; and a vehicle controller, electrically connecting the power battery and the low-voltage auxiliary battery; when the vehicle controller receives a power-off signal of the electric locomotive, the vehicle controller determines whether a charging condition is met, and if the vehicle meets the charging conditions, the vehicle controller controls the power battery to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery.

[發明之功效][Effect of invention]

根據本發明的電動機車的電源管理系統，主要由該整車控制器判斷出該充電條件時，代表已達到需對該低壓輔助電池進行充電的時機，故該整車控制器啟動該動力電池對該低壓輔助電池充電，確保該低壓輔助電池的續電量充足。藉此，本發明所達成的實質功效在於，在電動機車未啟動(動力電池停止整車供電)時，本發明可有效延長該低壓輔助電池的待機時間，避免該低壓輔助電池被過放電。舉例來說，縱使電動機車長時間未啟動，該低壓輔助電池仍可藉由該動力電池充電，而有充足的電源供應給免鑰匙(keyless)控制模組，使用者仍能發動機車以續行騎乘，此外，該低壓輔助電池亦有充足的電源供應給通訊控制器與無線連接模組，也讓整車資訊總是能透過通訊控制器與無線連接模組對外傳輸而不斷線。According to the power management system of the electric scooter of the present invention, when the vehicle controller determines the charging condition, it means that the timing for charging the low-voltage auxiliary battery has reached, so the vehicle controller starts the power battery pair. The low-voltage auxiliary battery is charged to ensure that the continuous power of the low-voltage auxiliary battery is sufficient. Therefore, the substantial effect achieved by the present invention is that when the electric locomotive is not started (the power battery stops supplying power to the whole vehicle), the present invention can effectively prolong the standby time of the low-voltage auxiliary battery and prevent the low-voltage auxiliary battery from being overdischarged. For example, even if the electric scooter has not been started for a long time, the low-voltage auxiliary battery can still be charged by the power battery, and sufficient power is supplied to the keyless control module, so that the user can still start the scooter to continue driving. Riding, in addition, the low-voltage auxiliary battery also has sufficient power supply to the communication controller and the wireless connection module, so that the vehicle information can always be continuously transmitted through the communication controller and the wireless connection module.

請參考圖1至圖3，本發明電動機車的電源管理系統主要包含一低壓輔助電池10、一動力電池11與一整車控制器(Vehicle Control Unit, VCU)13。本發明為確保電動機車未啟動時，該低壓輔助電池10的續電量充足，本發明採取的技術手段是當該整車控制器13接收到電動機車的一電源關閉信號後，該整車控制器13判斷是否符合一充電條件，若符合該充電條件，該整車控制器13控制該動力電池11對該低壓輔助電池10進行充電。以下配合圖式詳細說明本發明的具體實施例。Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 , the power management system of the electric scooter of the present invention mainly includes a low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 , a power battery 11 and a vehicle control unit (VCU) 13 . In order to ensure that the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 has sufficient continuous power when the electric locomotive is not started, the present invention adopts the technical means that when the vehicle controller 13 receives a power-off signal of the electric vehicle, the vehicle controller 13 13 Determines whether a charging condition is met. If the charging condition is met, the vehicle controller 13 controls the power battery 11 to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 . The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

本發明的第一實施例包含一低壓輔助電池10、一動力電池11、一充電單元12、一時脈單元20與一整車控制器13。The first embodiment of the present invention includes a low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 , a power battery 11 , a charging unit 12 , a clock unit 20 and a vehicle controller 13 .

該低壓輔助電池10例如可為鉛酸電池，該低壓輔助電池10輸出一工作電壓，該工作電壓的範圍例如可為12至14伏特。該低壓輔助電池10電連接並供電給該電動機車的低壓電部品30，且在電動機車未發動而待機下，仍能供電給低壓電部品30，舉例來說，所述低壓電部品30可為通訊控制器(Communication Control Unit, CCU)、行動通訊模組(例如LTE)、藍芽模組(Bluetooth)、全球衛星定位系統(GPS)模組、無線通訊頻率低於1GHz的Sub-1G模組及/或近場通訊模組(NFC)、智慧儀表…等。The low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 can be, for example, a lead-acid battery. The low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 outputs a working voltage, and the working voltage can be, for example, 12 to 14 volts. The low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 is electrically connected to and supplies power to the low-voltage electrical components 30 of the electric locomotive, and can still supply power to the low-voltage electrical components 30 when the electric locomotive is not started and is in standby. For example, the low-voltage electrical components 30 can be a Communication Control Unit (CCU), a mobile communication module (such as LTE), a Bluetooth module, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module, a Sub- 1G modules and/or near field communication modules (NFC), smart meters, etc.

如圖1所示，電動機車透過所述通訊控制器、行動通訊模組、藍芽模組、全球衛星定位系統模組、Sub-1G模組及/或近場通訊模組(NFC)…等低壓電部品30的設置，便可連線至網際網路或直接與使用者的行動裝置(例如智慧型手機)建立連線，以進行相關資訊雙向傳輸或控制，例如智慧型手機的應用程式(APP)可顯示電動機車的電源操作介面供使用者點選，此外，所述Sub-1G模組可為免鑰匙(keyless)控制模組，以透過該免鑰匙控制模組實施免鑰匙感應、身份(ID)識別與相關控制功能。As shown in FIG. 1, the electric scooter uses the communication controller, mobile communication module, bluetooth module, GPS module, Sub-1G module and/or near field communication module (NFC)...etc. The setting of the low-voltage electrical components 30 can be connected to the Internet or directly connected with the user's mobile device (such as a smart phone) to perform two-way transmission or control of related information, such as an application program on a smart phone (APP) can display the power operation interface of the electric scooter for the user to select. In addition, the Sub-1G module can be a keyless control module, so as to implement keyless sensing, Identity (ID) identification and related control functions.

該動力電池11設有一電池管理系統(Battery Management System, BMS)110與一供電端E，該動力電池11的電池本體可為鋰電池，該動力電池11作為電動機車之供電核心，該動力電池11的輸出電壓例如可為48伏特，故該低壓輔助電池10所輸出之該工作電壓的大小低於該動力電池11的輸出電壓大小，亦即該低壓輔助電池10的「低壓」是指與該動力電池11的比較。一般來說，該電池管理系統110可控制該動力電池11的供電端E是否供電。The power battery 11 is provided with a battery management system (BMS) 110 and a power supply terminal E. The battery body of the power battery 11 can be a lithium battery. The power battery 11 is used as the power supply core of the electric vehicle. The power battery 11 The output voltage can be, for example, 48 volts, so the working voltage output by the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 is lower than the output voltage of the power battery 11, that is, the “low voltage” of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 refers to the power Comparison of battery 11. Generally speaking, the battery management system 110 can control whether the power supply terminal E of the power battery 11 supplies power.

電動機車可包含一馬達控制器31、一動力馬達32、一直流-直流(DC-to-DC)電源轉換器33與複數用電部品34，所述用電部品34例如可為儀表裝置與各式燈具(例如方向燈、頭燈、遠光燈…等)。該馬達控制器31電連接於該動力電池11的供電端E與該動力馬達32之間，以接收該動力電池11所提供的直流電源並用以驅動該動力馬達32運轉。將該直流-直流電源轉換器33與該充電單元12相比，該直流-直流電源轉換器33的操作電流較高(大電流)，而該充電單元12的操作電流較低(小電流)，該直流-直流電源轉換器33的電源輸入端電連接該動力電池11的供電端E，該直流-直流電源轉換器33的電源輸出端電連接各該用電部品34，以接收該動力電池11所提供的直流電源並轉換為合適大小的電源以提供給各該用電部品34。The electric locomotive may include a motor controller 31, a power motor 32, a DC-to-DC power converter 33, and a plurality of electrical components 34, for example, the electrical components 34 may be instrumentation devices and various electrical components. type lamps (such as direction lights, headlights, high beams, etc.). The motor controller 31 is electrically connected between the power supply terminal E of the power battery 11 and the power motor 32 to receive the DC power provided by the power battery 11 and drive the power motor 32 to operate. Comparing the DC-DC power converter 33 with the charging unit 12, the operating current of the DC-DC power converter 33 is higher (large current), while the operating current of the charging unit 12 is low (small current), The power input terminal of the DC-DC power converter 33 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal E of the power battery 11 , and the power output terminal of the DC-DC power converter 33 is electrically connected to the electrical components 34 to receive the power battery 11 . The provided DC power is converted into a power of a suitable size to be supplied to each of the electrical components 34 .

該充電單元12可為直流降壓轉換單元，該充電單元12包含一電源輸入端與一電源輸出端，該電源輸入端電連接該動力電池11的供電端E，該電源輸出端電連接該低壓輔助電池10，該充電單元12接收該動力電池11所提供的直流電源並降壓轉換為合適的充電電源以對該低壓輔助電池10充電。其中，該充電單元12可整合於該整車控制器13內，或設置於該整車控制器13之外，圖1所示僅以該充電單元12整合於該整車控制器13內的態樣為例。The charging unit 12 can be a DC step-down conversion unit. The charging unit 12 includes a power input terminal and a power output terminal. The power input terminal is electrically connected to the power supply terminal E of the power battery 11 , and the power output terminal is electrically connected to the low voltage. For the auxiliary battery 10 , the charging unit 12 receives the DC power provided by the power battery 11 and converts it into a suitable charging power to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 . Wherein, the charging unit 12 can be integrated into the vehicle controller 13 or disposed outside the vehicle controller 13 . As shown in FIG. 1 , the charging unit 12 is only integrated into the vehicle controller 13 . For example.

另一方面，該直流-直流電源轉換器33的電源輸出端與該充電單元12的電源輸出端之間連接一二極體D，該二極體D作為一防逆向二極體，亦即該二極體D的陰極電連接該充電單元12的電源輸出端，該二極體D的陽極電連接該直流-直流電源轉換器33的電源輸出端，避免所述用電部品34受到該充電單元12以及該低壓輔助電池10的電源干擾。On the other hand, a diode D is connected between the power output end of the DC-DC power converter 33 and the power output end of the charging unit 12 , and the diode D serves as a reverse-reverse diode, that is, the The cathode of the diode D is electrically connected to the power output terminal of the charging unit 12, and the anode of the diode D is electrically connected to the power output terminal of the DC-DC power converter 33, so as to prevent the electrical components 34 from being affected by the charging unit 12 and the power supply disturbance of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 .

該時脈單元20提供一時間信號，其中，該時脈單元20可為一時實時鐘晶片(Real-Time Clock, RTC)或一計時器(timer)。The clock unit 20 provides a time signal, wherein the clock unit 20 may be a real-time clock (RTC) or a timer.

該整車控制器13為電動機車之控制核心，一般來說，該整車控制器13具有一微控制單元(microcontroller unit, MCU)130，該微控制單元130信號連接該動力電池11的電池管理系統110、該充電單元12、該時脈單元20、該馬達控制器31的電子控制單元以及該直流-直流電源轉換器33的電子控制單元，其中，該時脈單元20亦可整合於該微控制單元130內。The vehicle controller 13 is the control core of the electric locomotive. Generally speaking, the vehicle controller 13 has a microcontroller unit (MCU) 130 , and the microcontroller unit 130 is signally connected to the battery management of the power battery 11 . The system 110, the charging unit 12, the clock unit 20, the electronic control unit of the motor controller 31 and the electronic control unit of the DC-DC power converter 33, wherein the clock unit 20 can also be integrated in the microcomputer in the control unit 130.

當該整車控制器13的微控制單元130接收到電動機車的一電源關閉信號後，該微控制單元130判斷是否符合一充電條件，若符合該充電條件，該微控制單元130控制該動力電池11對該低壓輔助電池10進行充電。故在該動力電池11未整車供電的前提下，當該微控制單元130判斷出有該充電條件，該微控制單元130輸出控制指令至該動力電池11的電池管理系統110以及該充電單元12，進而啟動該動力電池11與該充電單元12對該低壓輔助電池10充電。When the micro-control unit 130 of the vehicle controller 13 receives a power-off signal of the electric scooter, the micro-control unit 130 determines whether a charging condition is met. If the charging condition is met, the micro-control unit 130 controls the power battery 11 to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 . Therefore, under the premise that the power battery 11 is not powered by the whole vehicle, when the micro-control unit 130 determines that the charging condition exists, the micro-control unit 130 outputs a control command to the battery management system 110 of the power battery 11 and the charging unit 12 . , and then start the power battery 11 and the charging unit 12 to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 .

在本發明的第一實施例中，該微控制單元130從該時脈單元20接收該時間信號，其中，該時間信號的起始時間點可為該微控制單元130最近一次收到該電源關閉信號的時間點(即：電動機車最近一次的關閉時間點)，該充電條件為該時間信號達到一門檻時間，該門檻時間為預設在該微控制單元130的資料，該門檻時間可例如為數日或數週，但不以此為限。是以，當該微控制單元130判斷出有該充電條件，亦即該時間信號達到該門檻時間，代表電動機車關閉的時間較長，該低壓輔助電池10有較長的時間未被充電而可能導致蓄電量較低，故本發明可適時啟動該動力電池11以及該充電單元12對該低壓輔助電池10充電，確保該低壓輔助電池10的蓄電量充足。In the first embodiment of the present invention, the micro-control unit 130 receives the time signal from the clock unit 20 , wherein the start time point of the time signal may be the last time the micro-control unit 130 receives the power off The time point of the signal (ie: the last time the electric scooter was turned off), the charging condition is that the time signal reaches a threshold time, the threshold time is the data preset in the micro-control unit 130, and the threshold time can be, for example, a number of days or weeks, but not limited thereto. Therefore, when the micro-control unit 130 determines that the charging condition exists, that is, the time signal reaches the threshold time, it means that the electric locomotive has been turned off for a long time, and the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 may not be charged for a long time. As a result, the storage capacity is low, so the present invention can timely start the power battery 11 and the charging unit 12 to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 to ensure that the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 has sufficient storage capacity.

請參考圖2所示之本發明的第二實施例，本發明的第二實施例包含一低壓輔助電池10、一動力電池11、一充電單元12、一電壓偵測單元21與一整車控制器13，其中，第二實施例的低壓輔助電池10、動力電池11、充電單元12以及整車控制器13係與第一實施例實施相同，在此容不贅述。該電壓偵測單元21電連接該低壓輔助電池10與該整車控制器13的微控制單元130，該電壓偵測單元21偵測並提供該低壓輔助電池10的一電壓信號給該微控制單元130，該電壓信號可反映該低壓輔助電池10的蓄電量，其中，該電壓偵測單元21亦可整合於該微控制單元130內。Please refer to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 , the second embodiment of the present invention includes a low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 , a power battery 11 , a charging unit 12 , a voltage detection unit 21 and a vehicle control unit The device 13 , wherein the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 , the power battery 11 , the charging unit 12 , and the vehicle controller 13 of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here. The voltage detection unit 21 is electrically connected to the low voltage auxiliary battery 10 and the microcontroller unit 130 of the vehicle controller 13 . The voltage detection unit 21 detects and provides a voltage signal of the low voltage auxiliary battery 10 to the microcontroller unit. 130 , the voltage signal can reflect the storage capacity of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 , wherein the voltage detection unit 21 can also be integrated in the micro-control unit 130 .

由此可見，在本發明的第二實施例中，該微控制單元130從該電壓偵測單元21接收該低壓輔助電池10的電壓信號，該充電條件為該電壓信號低於或等於一門檻電壓，該門檻電壓為預設在該微控制單元130的資料，該門檻電壓可例如為11伏特，但不以此為限。是以，當該微控制單元130判斷出有該充電條件，亦即該電壓信號低於或等於該門檻電壓，該低壓輔助電池10的蓄電量較低，故本發明可適時啟動該動力電池11以及該充電單元12對該低壓輔助電池10充電，確保該低壓輔助電池10的蓄電量充足。It can be seen that, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the micro-control unit 130 receives the voltage signal of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 from the voltage detection unit 21 , and the charging condition is that the voltage signal is lower than or equal to a threshold voltage , the threshold voltage is the data preset in the micro-control unit 130 , and the threshold voltage may be, for example, 11 volts, but not limited thereto. Therefore, when the micro-control unit 130 determines that the charging condition exists, that is, the voltage signal is lower than or equal to the threshold voltage, the storage capacity of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 is relatively low, so the present invention can timely start the power battery 11 And the charging unit 12 charges the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 to ensure sufficient storage capacity of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 .

請參考圖3所示之本發明的第三實施例，和第二實施例相比，第三實施例更包含一時脈單元20，該時脈單元20的連接結構、功能以及與該微控制單元130的協同運作可參考第一實施例，在此容不贅述。也就是說，在本發明的第三實施例中，當該微控制單元130判斷出該時間信號達到該門檻時間，或判斷出該電壓信號低於或等於該門檻電壓，便可啟動該動力電池11與該充電單元12以對該低壓輔助電池20進行充電，以實施該低壓輔助電池10的充電動作，確保該低壓輔助電池10的蓄電量充足。其中，該時脈單元20與該電壓偵測單元21皆可整合於該微控制單元130內。Please refer to the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 . Compared with the second embodiment, the third embodiment further includes a clock unit 20 , and the connection structure and function of the clock unit 20 and the micro-control unit For the cooperative operation of 130, reference may be made to the first embodiment, which will not be repeated here. That is to say, in the third embodiment of the present invention, when the micro-control unit 130 determines that the time signal reaches the threshold time, or determines that the voltage signal is lower than or equal to the threshold voltage, the power battery can be activated 11 and the charging unit 12 are used to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery 20 to implement the charging operation of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 to ensure that the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 has sufficient storage capacity. Wherein, both the clock unit 20 and the voltage detection unit 21 can be integrated in the micro-control unit 130 .

以下舉例說明該整車控制器13的微控制單元130接收該電源關閉信號的數種態樣。The following examples illustrate several ways in which the micro-control unit 130 of the vehicle controller 13 receives the power-off signal.

態樣(1)：請配合參考圖4，電動機車可設有一主開關鎖41，該微控制單元130電連接該主開關鎖41，使用者可將鑰匙40插入該主開關鎖41並轉到「ON」的位置以供使該動力電池11實施整車供電。當使用者結束騎乘，使用者可將鑰匙40從主開關鎖41的「ON」切換到「OFF」，此時，該微控制單元130從該主開關鎖40接收到該電源關閉信號，且該動力電池11停止整車供電。是以，態樣(1)的該電源關閉信號是藉由使用者操作鑰匙40轉動該電動機車之主開關鎖41所產生。Aspect (1): Please refer to FIG. 4 , the electric scooter can be provided with a main switch lock 41 , the micro-control unit 130 is electrically connected to the main switch lock 41 , the user can insert the key 40 into the main switch lock 41 and turn to The "ON" position is used to make the power battery 11 supply power to the entire vehicle. When the user finishes riding, the user can switch the key 40 from "ON" of the main switch lock 41 to "OFF", at this time, the microcontroller 130 receives the power off signal from the main switch lock 40, and The power battery 11 stops the power supply of the whole vehicle. Therefore, the power-off signal of aspect (1) is generated by the user operating the key 40 to turn the main switch lock 41 of the electric scooter.

態樣(2)：請配合參考圖5，電動機車可設有一通訊控制器300、一電源開關301與一啟動開關鍵302，該通訊控制器300為所述低壓電部品30的其中一個，該啟動開關鍵302可為實體按鍵或觸控鍵，該啟動開關鍵302供設置在機車龍頭把手處以供使用者按壓操作，該電源開關301電連接在該電池管理系統110與該通訊控制器300之間，且該電源開關301可電連接該整車控制器13，該整車控制器13的微控制單元130電連接該通訊控制器300與該啟動開關鍵302，使用者的行動裝置50可透過短距離無線通訊技術(例如藍牙，Bluetooth)或行動通訊技術(例如LTE 4G)連線至該通訊控制器300以供進行信號傳輸。一般來說，使用者可操作行動裝置50的一應用程式(APP)以與該通訊控制器300進行配對連線，當其連線完成後，使用者可操作行動裝置50的應用程式以輸出一電源供電信號至該通訊控制器300，該通訊控制器300根據該電源供電信號透過該電源開關301控制該電池管理系統110，以使該動力電池11實施整車供電，整車供電後，使用者可按下該啟動開關鍵302，當該微控制單元130判斷出該啟動開關鍵302被按下後，該微控制單元130即可驅動馬達控制器31以發動該動力馬達32。當使用者結束騎乘，可操作行動裝置50的應用程式以輸出該電源關閉信號S至該通訊控制器300，該通訊控制器300透過該電源開關301控制該電池管理系統110以使該動力電池11停止整車供電，並且該微控制單元130透過該電源開關301接收到該電源關閉信號S。是以，態樣(2)的該電源關閉信號S是藉由使用者操作行動裝置50之應用程式所產生。Aspect (2): Please refer to FIG. 5 , the electric locomotive can be provided with a communication controller 300 , a power switch 301 and a start switch key 302 , the communication controller 300 is one of the low-voltage electrical components 30 , The start switch key 302 can be a physical key or a touch key. The start switch key 302 is provided at the handle of the motorcycle faucet for the user to press and operate. The power switch 301 is electrically connected to the battery management system 110 and the communication controller 300 and the power switch 301 can be electrically connected to the vehicle controller 13, the micro control unit 130 of the vehicle controller 13 is electrically connected to the communication controller 300 and the start switch 302, and the user's mobile device 50 can be The communication controller 300 is connected to the communication controller 300 through a short-range wireless communication technology (eg, Bluetooth) or a mobile communication technology (eg, LTE 4G) for signal transmission. Generally speaking, the user can operate an application program (APP) of the mobile device 50 to connect with the communication controller 300. After the connection is completed, the user can operate the application program of the mobile device 50 to output a The power supply signal is sent to the communication controller 300, and the communication controller 300 controls the battery management system 110 through the power switch 301 according to the power supply signal, so that the power battery 11 can supply power to the whole vehicle. The start switch key 302 can be pressed. When the micro control unit 130 determines that the start switch key 302 is pressed, the micro control unit 130 can drive the motor controller 31 to start the power motor 32 . When the user finishes riding, the application program of the mobile device 50 can be operated to output the power off signal S to the communication controller 300 , and the communication controller 300 controls the battery management system 110 through the power switch 301 to enable the power battery 11 Stop the power supply of the whole vehicle, and the micro-control unit 130 receives the power-off signal S through the power switch 301 . Therefore, the power-off signal S of aspect (2) is generated by the user operating the application program of the mobile device 50 .

態樣(3)：請配合參考圖6，電動機車包含一免鑰匙控制模組303、一觸發鍵304、一電源開關305與一啟動開關鍵306，該免鑰匙控制模組303為所述低壓電部品30的其中一個，其供與一遙控器60實施免鑰匙感應、身份(ID)識別與相關控制功能，該觸發鍵304、該電源開關305與該啟動開關鍵306可為設置在機車龍頭把手處以供使用者按壓操作的實體按鍵或觸控鍵，該觸發鍵304電連接該免鑰匙控制模組303，該整車控制器13的微控制單元130電連接該免鑰匙控制模組303、該電源開關305與該啟動開關鍵306。使用者可持該遙控器60靠近該免鑰匙控制模組303，再按下該觸發鍵304以喚醒該免鑰匙控制模組303，然後該免鑰匙控制模組303可透過例如無線射頻辨識技術(RFID)與該遙控器60進行感應與身份識別，身份識別正確後，使用者可按下該電源開關305以使該電池管理系統110操作該動力電池11實施整車供電，或者使用者可按下該遙控器60上的一電源按鍵61以輸出一電源供電信號給該免鑰匙控制模組303，由該免鑰匙控制模組303經由電源開關305據以控制該電池管理系統110讓該動力電池11實施整車供電；整車供電後，使用者可按下該啟動開關鍵306，當該微控制單元130判斷出該啟動開關鍵306被按下後，該微控制單元130即可驅動馬達控制器31以發動該動力馬達32。當使用者結束騎乘，可按下該電源開關305或遙控器60上的電源按鍵61，供該整車控制器13的微控制單元130可從該電源開關305收到該電源關閉信號S。是以，態樣(3)的該電源關閉信號S是藉由使用者操作該電源開關305或該遙控器60上電源按鍵61所產生。Aspect (3): Please refer to FIG. 6 , the electric locomotive includes a keyless control module 303 , a trigger button 304 , a power switch 305 and a start switch key 306 , the keyless control module 303 is the low One of the piezoelectric parts 30, which is provided with a remote control 60 to implement keyless sensing, identification (ID) identification and related control functions, the trigger key 304, the power switch 305 and the start switch key 306 can be provided in the locomotive. The handle of the faucet is a solid button or a touch button for the user to press and operate, the trigger button 304 is electrically connected to the keyless control module 303 , and the micro-control unit 130 of the vehicle controller 13 is electrically connected to the keyless control module 303 , the power switch 305 and the start switch key 306 . The user can hold the remote controller 60 close to the keyless control module 303, and then press the trigger button 304 to wake up the keyless control module 303, and then the keyless control module 303 can pass through the radio frequency identification technology ( RFID) and the remote controller 60 for induction and identification. After the identification is correct, the user can press the power switch 305 to enable the battery management system 110 to operate the power battery 11 to supply power to the vehicle, or the user can press A power button 61 on the remote control 60 outputs a power supply signal to the keyless control module 303 , and the keyless control module 303 controls the battery management system 110 through the power switch 305 to make the power battery 11 Implement vehicle power supply; after the vehicle is powered on, the user can press the start switch key 306, when the micro control unit 130 determines that the start switch key 306 is pressed, the micro control unit 130 can drive the motor controller 31 to start the power motor 32 . When the user finishes riding, the user can press the power switch 305 or the power button 61 on the remote controller 60 , and the microcontroller 130 of the vehicle controller 13 can receive the power off signal S from the power switch 305 . Therefore, the power-off signal S of aspect (3) is generated by the user operating the power switch 305 or the power button 61 on the remote control 60 .

綜上所述，本發明藉由該整車控制器判斷出至少一充電條件時，自動實施對該低壓輔助電池10充電之功能，來確保該低壓輔助電池10的電力，達到延長電動機車的待機時間，以及達到當使用者久未啟動電動機車時，因為該低壓輔助電池10的蓄電量是充足的，還能提供啟動電動機車所需的工作電壓，供使用者進行騎乘之功效。To sum up, the present invention automatically implements the function of charging the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 when the vehicle controller determines at least one charging condition, so as to ensure the power of the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 and prolong the standby time of the electric locomotive. When the user has not started the electric scooter for a long time, because the low-voltage auxiliary battery 10 has sufficient storage power, it can also provide the working voltage required to start the electric scooter for the user to ride.

10:低壓輔助電池 11:動力電池 110:電池管理系統 12:充電單元 20:時脈單元 21:電壓偵測單元 13:整車控制器 130:微控制單元 30:低壓電部品 300:通訊控制器 301:電源開關 302:啟動開關鍵 303:免鑰匙控制模組 304:觸發鍵 305:電源開關 306:啟動開關鍵 31:馬達控制器 32:動力馬達 33:直流-直流電源轉換器 34:用電部品 40:鑰匙 41:主開關鎖 50:行動裝置 60:遙控器 61:電源按鍵 E:供電端 D:二極體 S:電源關閉信號 10: Low voltage auxiliary battery 11: Power battery 110: Battery Management System 12: Charging unit 20: Clock unit 21: Voltage detection unit 13: Vehicle Controller 130: Micro Control Unit 30: Low voltage electrical parts 300: Communication Controller 301: Power switch 302: start switch key 303: Keyless control module 304: Trigger key 305: Power switch 306: start switch key 31: Motor Controller 32: Power Motor 33: DC-DC power converter 34: Electrical parts 40: key 41: Main switch lock 50: Mobile Devices 60: Remote control 61: Power button E: power supply terminal D: Diode S: Power off signal

圖1：本發明電動機車的電源管理系統的第一實施例的電路方塊示意圖。 圖2：本發明電動機車的電源管理系統的第二實施例的電路方塊示意圖。 圖3：本發明電動機車的電源管理系統的第三實施例的電路方塊示意圖。 圖4：本發明電動機車的電源管理系統之透過鑰匙與主開關鎖產生電源關閉信號的示意圖。 圖5：本發明電動機車的電源管理系統之透過行動裝置產生電源關閉信號的示意圖。 圖6：本發明電動機車的電源管理系統之透過遙控器或電源開關產生電源關閉信號的示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a first embodiment of a power management system for an electric locomotive of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a second embodiment of a power management system for an electric locomotive according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit of a third embodiment of a power management system for an electric locomotive of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power management system of the electric scooter of the present invention generating a power off signal through the key and the main switch lock. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of generating a power-off signal through a mobile device in the power management system of the electric scooter of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the power management system of the electric scooter of the present invention generating a power off signal through a remote control or a power switch.

10:低壓輔助電池 10: Low voltage auxiliary battery

11:動力電池 11: Power battery

110:電池管理系統 110: Battery Management System

12:充電單元 12: Charging unit

20:時脈單元 20: Clock unit

13:整車控制器 13: Vehicle Controller

130:微控制單元 130: Micro Control Unit

30:低壓電部品 30: Low voltage electrical parts

31:馬達控制器 31: Motor Controller

32:動力馬達 32: Power Motor

33:直流-直流電源轉換器 33: DC-DC power converter

34:用電部品 34: Electrical parts

E:供電端 E: power supply terminal

D:二極體 D: Diode

Claims (9)

一種電動機車的電源管理系統，包含： 一低壓輔助電池； 一動力電池；以及 一整車控制器，電連接該動力電池與該低壓輔助電池；當該整車控制器接收到該電動機車的一電源關閉信號後，該整車控制器判斷是否符合一充電條件，若符合該充電條件，該整車控制器控制該動力電池對該低壓輔助電池進行充電。 A power management system for an electric locomotive, comprising: a low-voltage auxiliary battery; a power battery; and a vehicle controller, electrically connecting the power battery and the low-voltage auxiliary battery; when the vehicle controller receives a power-off signal of the electric locomotive, the vehicle controller determines whether a charging condition is met, and if the vehicle meets the charging conditions, the vehicle controller controls the power battery to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該整車控制器包含： 一時脈單元，提供一時間信號； 一充電單元，電連接在該動力電池與該低壓輔助電池之間；以及 一微控制單元，電連接該動力電池、該時脈單元與該充電單元，該充電條件為該時間信號達到一門檻時間； 當該微控制單元判斷出該時間信號達到該門檻時間，該微控制單元啟動該動力電池與該充電單元以對該低壓輔助電池進行充電。 The power management system for an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle controller comprises: a clock unit, providing a time signal; a charging unit, electrically connected between the power battery and the low-voltage auxiliary battery; and a micro-control unit electrically connected to the power battery, the clock unit and the charging unit, and the charging condition is that the time signal reaches a threshold time; When the micro-control unit determines that the time signal reaches the threshold time, the micro-control unit activates the power battery and the charging unit to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該整車控制器包含： 一電壓偵測單元，電連接該低壓輔助電池以偵測並提供該低壓輔助電池的一電壓信號； 一充電單元，電連接在該動力電池與該低壓輔助電池之間；以及 一微控制單元，電連接該動力電池、該電壓偵測單元與該充電單元，該充電條件為該電壓信號低於或等於一門檻電壓； 當該微控制單元判斷出該電壓信號低於或等於該門檻電壓，該微控制單元啟動該動力電池與該充電單元以對該低壓輔助電池進行充電。 The power management system for an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle controller comprises: a voltage detection unit, electrically connected to the low-voltage auxiliary battery to detect and provide a voltage signal of the low-voltage auxiliary battery; a charging unit, electrically connected between the power battery and the low-voltage auxiliary battery; and a micro-control unit electrically connected to the power battery, the voltage detection unit and the charging unit, and the charging condition is that the voltage signal is lower than or equal to a threshold voltage; When the micro-control unit determines that the voltage signal is lower than or equal to the threshold voltage, the micro-control unit activates the power battery and the charging unit to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該整車控制器包含： 一時脈單元，提供一時間信號； 一電壓偵測單元，電連接該低壓輔助電池以偵測並提供該低壓輔助電池的一電壓信號； 一充電單元，電連接在該動力電池與該低壓輔助電池之間；以及 一微控制單元，電連接該動力電池、該時脈單元、該電壓偵測單元與該充電單元，該充電條件為該時間信號達到一門檻時間，或為該電壓信號低於或等於一門檻電壓； 當該微控制單元判斷出該時間信號達到該門檻時間，或判斷出該電壓信號低於或等於該門檻電壓，該微控制單元啟動該動力電池與該充電單元以對該低壓輔助電池進行充電。 The power management system for an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle controller comprises: a clock unit, providing a time signal; a voltage detection unit, electrically connected to the low-voltage auxiliary battery to detect and provide a voltage signal of the low-voltage auxiliary battery; a charging unit, electrically connected between the power battery and the low-voltage auxiliary battery; and a micro-control unit electrically connected to the power battery, the clock unit, the voltage detection unit and the charging unit, the charging condition is that the time signal reaches a threshold time, or the voltage signal is lower than or equal to a threshold voltage ; When the micro-control unit determines that the time signal reaches the threshold time, or determines that the voltage signal is lower than or equal to the threshold voltage, the micro-control unit activates the power battery and the charging unit to charge the low-voltage auxiliary battery. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該充電單元為直流降壓轉換單元。The power management system for an electric locomotive according to claim 1, wherein the charging unit is a DC step-down conversion unit. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該電源關閉信號是藉由一鑰匙轉動電動機車之一主開關鎖所產生。The power management system for an electric scooter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power off signal is generated by turning a key on a main switch lock of the electric scooter. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該低壓輔助電池電連接一通訊控制器，該電源關閉信號是藉由操作一行動裝置之一應用程式所產生。The power management system of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low-voltage auxiliary battery is electrically connected to a communication controller, and the power-off signal is generated by operating an application program of a mobile device. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該電動機車包含一免鑰匙控制模組、一觸發鍵與一電源開關，該免鑰匙控制模組供與一遙控器進行感應，其中，該電源關閉信號是藉由操作該電源開關或該遙控器所產生； 該低壓輔助電池電連接該免鑰匙控制模組。 The power management system of an electric scooter according to claim 1, wherein the electric scooter comprises a keyless control module, a trigger button and a power switch, and the keyless control module is used for sensing with a remote controller, wherein , the power off signal is generated by operating the power switch or the remote control; The low-voltage auxiliary battery is electrically connected to the keyless control module. 如請求項1所述之電動機車的電源管理系統，其中，該動力電池電連接一直流-直流電源轉換器，該直流-直流電源轉換器與該充電單元之間連接一二極體； 該二極體的陰極電連接該充電單元，該二極體的陽極電連接該直流-直流電源轉換器。 The power management system for an electric locomotive according to claim 1, wherein the power battery is electrically connected to a DC-DC power converter, and a diode is connected between the DC-DC power converter and the charging unit; The cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the charging unit, and the anode of the diode is electrically connected to the DC-DC power converter.
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JP6825120B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2021-02-03 本田技研工業株式会社 Saddle-type electric vehicle
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