TW202136036A - Sound absorbing material, sound absorption performance improving member, and vehicle member - Google Patents
Sound absorbing material, sound absorption performance improving member, and vehicle member Download PDFInfo
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- TW202136036A TW202136036A TW110108371A TW110108371A TW202136036A TW 202136036 A TW202136036 A TW 202136036A TW 110108371 A TW110108371 A TW 110108371A TW 110108371 A TW110108371 A TW 110108371A TW 202136036 A TW202136036 A TW 202136036A
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Classifications
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明是有關於一種吸音材、吸音性提升構件及車輛構件。The invention relates to a sound-absorbing material, a sound-absorbing lifting component and a vehicle component.
已知有一種包括熔噴（melt-blown）不織布的單層的吸音結構體（例如，專利文獻1）。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻]A single-layer sound-absorbing structure including a melt-blown nonwoven fabric is known (for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Literature]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2012-214957號公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-214957
[發明所欲解決之課題] 在包括不織布的單層的吸音結構體的情況下，不易在寬頻率範圍將吸音特性維持地高。[The problem to be solved by the invention] In the case of a single-layer sound-absorbing structure including a non-woven fabric, it is difficult to maintain high sound-absorbing characteristics in a wide frequency range.
本發明是鑒於所述情況而成，目的在於提供一種寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的吸音材。另外，本發明的目的在於提供一種吸音性提升構件及車輛構件。 [解決課題之手段]The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a sound absorbing material having excellent sound absorbing properties in a wide frequency range. In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a sound-absorbing lifting member and a vehicle member. [Means to solve the problem]
以下說明的吸音材自聲音的入射側開始包括具有所謂配重功能的硬層（樹脂膜）、及具有彈性功能的軟層（具有連通孔的基材層），藉由該些層的組合，認為可適當地吸收聲音。發明者等人發現，藉由在此種吸音材中，將所述軟層設為密度不同的雙層結構，可調整吸音特性的頻率依存性。The sound-absorbing material described below includes a hard layer (resin film) having a so-called weight function and a soft layer (base material layer with communicating holes) having an elastic function from the sound incident side. By combining these layers, It is considered that the sound can be absorbed appropriately. The inventors have discovered that by setting the soft layer to a two-layer structure with different densities in such a sound absorbing material, the frequency dependence of sound absorbing characteristics can be adjusted.
本發明的一個方面提供一種吸音材，其依次包括樹脂膜、具有連通孔的第一基材層、及具有連通孔的第二基材層，且第一基材層的密度低於第二基材層的密度。One aspect of the present invention provides a sound-absorbing material, which sequentially includes a resin film, a first base material layer having communicating holes, and a second base material layer having communicating holes, and the density of the first base material layer is lower than that of the second base material. The density of the material layer.
本發明的一個方面是有關於一種吸音性提升構件，其依次包括具有連通孔的第一基材層、及具有連通孔的第二基材層，第一基材層的密度低於第二基材層的密度，且所述吸音性提升構件以第一基材層側成為聲音的入射方向的方式使用。One aspect of the present invention relates to a sound-absorbing lifting member, which in turn includes a first substrate layer with communicating holes and a second substrate layer with communicating holes. The density of the first substrate layer is lower than that of the second substrate. The density of the material layer, and the sound-absorbing improvement member is used so that the side of the first base material layer becomes the incident direction of sound.
本發明的一個方面是有關於一種包括所述吸音材的車輛構件。One aspect of the present invention relates to a vehicle component including the sound-absorbing material.
在一形態中，第一基材層的通氣阻力可低於第二基材層的通氣阻力。In one aspect, the ventilation resistance of the first substrate layer may be lower than the ventilation resistance of the second substrate layer.
在一形態中，第一基材層及第二基材層可為樹脂發泡體或不織布。In one aspect, the first base material layer and the second base material layer may be resin foam or non-woven fabric.
在一形態中，第一基材層的厚度可較第二基材層的厚度薄。In one aspect, the thickness of the first base material layer may be thinner than the thickness of the second base material layer.
在一形態中，樹脂膜可由聚烯烴、聚酯或聚醯胺構成。In one aspect, the resin film may be composed of polyolefin, polyester, or polyamide.
在一形態中，吸音材可在樹脂膜至少任一個表面上具有金屬蒸鍍層。In one aspect, the sound absorbing material may have a metal vapor-deposited layer on at least any one surface of the resin film.
在一形態中，吸音材可在樹脂膜與第一基材層之間、及第一基材層與第二基材層之間的至少任意一方更包括接著劑層。In one aspect, the sound absorbing material may further include an adhesive layer between at least one of the resin film and the first base material layer and between the first base material layer and the second base material layer.
在一形態中，第一基材層的密度可為0.005 g/cm3 ～0.20 g/cm3 ，第二基材層的密度可為0.015 g/cm3 ～0.30 g/cm3 。In one aspect, the density of the first base material layer may be 0.005 g/cm 3 to 0.20 g/cm 3 , and the density of the second base material layer may be 0.015 g/cm 3 to 0.30 g/cm 3 .
在一形態中，第一基材層的通氣阻力可為0.003 kPa·s/m～0.45 kPa·s/m，第二基材層的通氣阻力可為0.02 kPa·s/m～0.5 kPa·s/m。In one form, the ventilation resistance of the first substrate layer can be 0.003 kPa·s/m～0.45 kPa·s/m, and the ventilation resistance of the second substrate layer can be 0.02 kPa·s/m～0.5 kPa·s /m.
在一形態中，吸音材的厚度可為1 mm～100 mm。 [發明的效果]In one form, the thickness of the sound-absorbing material may be 1 mm to 100 mm. [Effects of the invention]
根據本發明，可提供一種寬的低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的吸音材。另外，根據本發明，可提供吸音性提升構件及車輛構件。According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a sound absorbing material with excellent sound absorbing characteristics in a wide low frequency range. In addition, according to the present invention, a sound-absorbing lifting member and a vehicle member can be provided.
＜吸音材＞
圖1是吸音材的示意剖面圖。吸音材10依次包括樹脂膜1、作為基材層的具有連通孔的第一基材層2及具有連通孔的第二基材層3。自樹脂膜側入射的聲音（聲能）在透過吸音材時作為熱能而消能。藉此觀察到聲音的衰減。＜Sound-absorbing material＞
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sound absorbing material. The
（基材層） 作為具有連通孔的基材層，可列舉樹脂發泡體、不織布、高分子多孔體、多孔質陶瓷等。該些中，就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，基材層可為樹脂發泡體或不織布，亦可為不織布。第一基材層及第二基材層可由相同的原材料構成，亦可由不同的原材料構成。(Substrate layer) Examples of the substrate layer having continuous pores include resin foams, nonwoven fabrics, porous polymer bodies, porous ceramics, and the like. Among these, from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the base material layer may be a resin foam or a non-woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric. The first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may be composed of the same raw material, or may be composed of different raw materials.
作為樹脂發泡體的原材料，例如可列舉聚乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚酯樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、矽酮樹脂、天然橡膠、合成橡膠等。就耐熱性、阻燃性等觀點而言，樹脂發泡體的原材料可為三聚氰胺樹脂。Examples of raw materials for resin foams include polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, acrylic resins, polystyrene resins, melamine resins, silicone resins, natural rubber, and synthetic resins. Rubber etc. From the viewpoint of heat resistance, flame retardancy, etc., the raw material of the resin foam may be a melamine resin.
作為構成不織布的纖維，可列舉有機纖維及無機纖維。作為有機纖維，例如可列舉：聚乙烯（低密度或高密度）、聚丙烯、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烴纖維；聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯纖維；聚醯胺纖維；丙烯酸纖維；尼龍纖維；嫘縈纖維；羊毛等天然纖維等。另外，作為無機纖維，可列舉：玻璃纖維、金屬纖維、陶瓷纖維、碳纖維等。構成不織布的纖維可包括該些中的一種或兩種以上。Examples of fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric include organic fibers and inorganic fibers. Examples of organic fibers include polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene (low-density or high-density), polypropylene, copolymerized polyethylene, and copolymerized polypropylene; polyethylene terephthalate and polytrimethylene terephthalate , Polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate and other polyester fibers; polyamide fibers; acrylic fibers; nylon fibers; rayon fibers; wool, etc. Natural fiber, etc. In addition, examples of inorganic fibers include glass fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, and carbon fibers. The fibers constituting the non-woven fabric may include one or two or more of these.
就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，基材層的厚度可設為0.1 mm～50 mm，亦可為0.5 mm～20 mm，亦可為2.0 mm～10 mm。第一基材層及第二基材層可具有相同的厚度，亦可具有不同的厚度。就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，第一基材層（聲音入射側的基材層）的厚度可較第二基材層的厚度薄。From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the thickness of the substrate layer may be 0.1 mm to 50 mm, 0.5 mm to 20 mm, or 2.0 mm to 10 mm. The first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may have the same thickness or different thicknesses. From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the thickness of the first base material layer (the base material layer on the sound incident side) may be thinner than the thickness of the second base material layer.
就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，第一基材層的密度低於第二基材層的密度。在與所述第二基材層的組合中，就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，第一基材層的密度可設為0.005 g/cm3 ～0.20 g/cm3 ，亦可為0.007 g/cm3 ～0.16 g/cm3 ，亦可為0.009 g/cm3 ～0.12 g/cm3 。From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the density of the first base material layer is lower than the density of the second base material layer. In combination with the second base material layer, the density of the first base material layer may be 0.005 g/cm 3 to 0.20 g/cm 3 from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, or It is 0.007 g/cm 3 ～0.16 g/cm 3 , and it can also be 0.009 g/cm 3 ～0.12 g/cm 3 .
另外，在與如上所述的第一基材層的組合中，就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，第二基材層的密度可設為0.015 g/cm3 ～0.30 g/cm3 ，亦可為0.020 g/cm3 ～0.25 g/cm3 ，亦可為0.025 g/cm3 ～0.20 g/cm3 。In addition, in the combination with the first base material layer as described above, the density of the second base material layer can be set to 0.015 g/cm 3 to 0.30 g/cm from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range. 3 , it can also be 0.020 g/cm 3 ～0.25 g/cm 3 , and it can also be 0.025 g/cm 3 ～0.20 g/cm 3 .
就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，第二基材層的密度相對於第一基材層的密度之比（第二基材層的密度/第一基材層的密度）可設為1.2～10，且可設為1.2～5。From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the ratio of the density of the second base material layer to the density of the first base material layer (density of the second base material layer/density of the first base material layer) can be set It is 1.2～10, and can be set to 1.2～5.
就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性更優異的觀點而言，第一基材層的通氣阻力可低於第二基材層的通氣阻力。在與所述第二基材層的組合中，就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性更優異的觀點而言，第一基材層的通氣阻力可設為0.003 kPa·s/m～0.45 kPa·s/m，亦可為0.004 kPa·s/m～0.3 kPa·s/m，亦可為0.005 kPa·s/m～0.25 kPa·s/m。From the viewpoint of more excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the airflow resistance of the first base material layer may be lower than the airflow resistance of the second base material layer. In the combination with the second base material layer, from the viewpoint of more excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the ventilation resistance of the first base material layer can be set to 0.003 kPa·s/m to 0.45 kPa·s/ m may be 0.004 kPa·s/m to 0.3 kPa·s/m, or 0.005 kPa·s/m to 0.25 kPa·s/m.
另外，在與如上所述的第一基材層的組合中，就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性更優異的觀點而言，第二基材層的通氣阻力可設為0.02 kPa·s/m～0.5 kPa·s/m，亦可為0.025 kPa·s/m～0.4 kPa·s/m，亦可為0.03 kPa·s/m～0.3 kPa·s/m。In addition, in the combination with the first base material layer as described above, from the viewpoint of more excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the ventilation resistance of the second base material layer can be set to 0.02 kPa·s/m to 0.5 kPa·s/m may also be 0.025 kPa·s/m～0.4 kPa·s/m, or 0.03 kPa·s/m～0.3 kPa·s/m.
就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性更優異的觀點而言，第二基材層的通氣阻力相對於第一基材層的通氣阻力之比（第二基材層的通氣阻力/第一基材層的通氣阻力）可設為1.1～20，且可設為1.2～16。From the viewpoint of better sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the ratio of the airflow resistance of the second base material layer to the airflow resistance of the first base material layer (the airflow resistance of the second base material layer/the airflow resistance of the first base material layer) Ventilation resistance) can be set to 1.1-20, and can be set to 1.2-16.
基材層的通氣阻力藉由卡特科技（KATO-TECH）股份有限公司製造的通氣性試驗機（KES-F8）等進行測定。The ventilation resistance of the substrate layer is measured with a ventilation tester (KES-F8) manufactured by KATO-TECH Co., Ltd. and the like.
就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，吸音材可更包括具有連通孔的其他基材層。即，吸音材除了具有連通孔的第一基材層及具有連通孔的第二基材層以外，可更包括具有連通孔的第三基材層、具有連通孔的第四基材層等。各基材層可由相同的原材料構成，亦可由不同的原材料構成。From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorbing properties in a wide frequency range, the sound absorbing material may further include another base material layer having communicating holes. That is, the sound absorbing material may further include a third base material layer having communication holes, a fourth base material layer having communication holes, and the like in addition to a first base material layer having communication holes and a second base material layer having communication holes. Each substrate layer may be composed of the same raw material, or may be composed of different raw materials.
（樹脂膜） 作為構成樹脂膜的樹脂，例如可列舉：聚乙烯（低密度或高密度）、聚丙烯（拉伸或未拉伸）、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烴系樹脂；聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯系樹脂；聚四氟乙烯（Polytetrafluoroethene，PTFE）、全氟乙烯丙烯共聚物（Fluorinated ethylene propylene，FEP）、全氟烷氧基烷烴（perfluoro alkoxyl alkane，PFA）等氟系樹脂；聚醯亞胺系樹脂；聚醯胺系樹脂；聚芳醯胺系樹脂；氯乙烯系樹脂；丙烯酸系樹脂；聚碳酸酯系樹脂；聚苯硫醚系樹脂；聚乙烯醇系樹脂；聚苯乙烯樹脂；聚丙烯腈樹脂；乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯系樹脂等。樹脂膜是不具有連通孔的膜。(Resin film) Examples of the resin constituting the resin film include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (low density or high density), polypropylene (stretched or unstretched), copolymerized polyethylene, and copolymerized polypropylene; polyterephthalic acid Polyester resins such as ethylene glycol, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene naphthalate; polytetrafluoroethylene (Polytetrafluoroethene, PTFE), perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (Fluorinated ethylene propylene, FEP), perfluoro alkoxyl alkane (perfluoro alkoxyl alkane, PFA) and other fluorine-based resins; polyimide-based resins; polyamide-based resins ; Polyaramide resins; vinyl chloride resins; acrylic resins; polycarbonate resins; polyphenylene sulfide resins; polyvinyl alcohol resins; polystyrene resins; polyacrylonitrile resins; ethylene-vinyl acetate Ester resin etc. The resin film is a film without communicating holes.
就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，樹脂膜的厚度可設為0.5 μm～500 μm，可為5 μm～250 μm，亦可為10 μm～100 μm。另外，就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，基材層的厚度相對於樹脂膜的厚度的比率（基材層的厚度/樹脂膜的厚度）可設為1～20000，可為10～10000，亦可為100～1000。From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the thickness of the resin film may be 0.5 μm to 500 μm, 5 μm to 250 μm, or 10 μm to 100 μm. In addition, from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the ratio of the thickness of the substrate layer to the thickness of the resin film (the thickness of the substrate layer/the thickness of the resin film) can be set to 1 to 20,000, and can be 10 ～10000, can also be 100～1000.
就藉由調整膜特性來提升吸音效果的功能、及賦予熱線反射功能的觀點而言，樹脂膜可在其表面包括金屬蒸鍍層。即，吸音材可在樹脂膜的表面更包括金屬蒸鍍層。金屬蒸鍍層可藉由真空蒸鍍等物理蒸鍍或化學蒸鍍而形成鋁、銅、鋅、鋅合金、銀等金屬。金屬蒸鍍層可設置在樹脂膜的兩面，亦可設置在一個面上。From the viewpoint of improving the function of sound absorption effect by adjusting the film characteristics and imparting the function of heat ray reflection, the resin film may include a metal vapor-deposited layer on its surface. That is, the sound absorbing material may further include a metal vapor deposition layer on the surface of the resin film. The metal vapor deposition layer can be formed into metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, zinc alloy, and silver by physical vapor deposition such as vacuum vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition. The metal vapor deposition layer can be provided on both sides of the resin film or on one side.
就提升寬頻率範圍的吸音效果及調整吸音頻率峰值的觀點而言，樹脂膜可為有孔膜。有孔膜可具有排列成格子狀或菱形形狀的孔。就寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，該孔可為直徑0.1 mm～50.0 mm的圓形形狀，亦可為直徑0.2 mm～10.0 mm的圓形形狀，亦可為直徑0.3 mm～5.0 mm的圓形形狀。孔的形狀可為圓形、橢圓形、長方形、多邊形等。From the viewpoint of enhancing the sound absorption effect in a wide frequency range and adjusting the peak value of the sound absorption frequency, the resin film may be a porous film. The porous film may have holes arranged in a lattice or diamond shape. From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in a wide frequency range, the hole may have a circular shape with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 50.0 mm, a circular shape with a diameter of 0.2 mm to 10.0 mm, or a diameter of 0.3 mm to 5.0. mm round shape. The shape of the hole can be a circle, an oval, a rectangle, a polygon, and the like.
（接著劑層） 吸音材可在所述各層之間更包括接著劑層。例如，吸音材可在樹脂膜與第一基材層之間、以及第一基材層與第二基材層之間的至少任意一方包括接著劑層。作為接著劑層，可列舉含有乙酸乙烯酯樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物樹脂、異丁烯-馬來酸酐共聚物樹脂、丙烯酸共聚物樹脂、丙烯酸單體、丙烯酸寡聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠、氯乙烯樹脂、氯丁二烯橡膠、腈橡膠、胺基甲酸酯樹脂、矽烷化胺基甲酸酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、改質環氧樹脂、聚乙烯樹脂、離子聚合物樹脂、矽酮樹脂、改質矽酮樹脂、水玻璃、矽酸鹽等接著成分的層；或者在由紙、布、樹脂膜、金屬帶等構成的支持體的兩面具有含有該些接著成分的層的積層物（例如雙面膠帶）等。各接著劑層可由相同的原材料構成，亦可由不同的原材料構成。(Adhesive layer) The sound absorbing material may further include an adhesive layer between the layers. For example, the sound absorbing material may include an adhesive layer between at least one of the resin film and the first base material layer and between the first base material layer and the second base material layer. Examples of the adhesive layer include vinyl acetate resins, polyolefin resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer resins, acrylic copolymer resins, acrylic monomers, acrylic oligomers, and benzene. Ethylene-butadiene rubber, vinyl chloride resin, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, urethane resin, silylated urethane resin, epoxy resin, modified epoxy resin, polyethylene resin, Ionopolymer resin, silicone resin, modified silicone resin, water glass, silicate and other components connected to the layer; or on both sides of a support composed of paper, cloth, resin film, metal tape, etc. containing these Laminates (such as double-sided tape) that are followed by layers of components. Each adhesive layer may be composed of the same raw material, or may be composed of different raw materials.
接著劑層的厚度並無特別限定，但可設為0.01 μm～500 μm，亦可為1 μm～250 μm。各接著劑層可具有相同的厚度，亦可具有不同的厚度。The thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but it can be 0.01 μm to 500 μm, or 1 μm to 250 μm. Each adhesive layer may have the same thickness or different thicknesses.
就吸音特性的表現、材料的施工性、省空間化等觀點而言，吸音材的厚度可設為1 mm～100 mm，可為2 mm～50 mm，亦可為5 mm～30 mm。In terms of performance of sound absorption characteristics, construction of materials, space saving, etc., the thickness of the sound absorbing material can be set to 1 mm to 100 mm, 2 mm to 50 mm, or 5 mm to 30 mm.
根據日本工業標準（Japanese Industrial Standards，JIS） A 1405-1測定的吸音材在500 Hz～1500 Hz下的平均垂直入射吸音率可設為0.45以上。According to the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) A 1405-1, the average vertical incidence sound absorption rate of sound-absorbing materials at 500 Hz～1500 Hz can be set to 0.45 or more.
＜吸音材的製造方法＞ 吸音材可藉由將各層積層來製造。吸音材如上所述，藉由包括接著劑層而可在各層接著的狀態下使用，但亦可不接著各層而使用。另外，亦可僅在一部分的層間設置接著劑層。構成吸音材的積層體可在收納於框體的狀態下使用。＜Manufacturing method of sound absorbing material＞ The sound absorbing material can be manufactured by laminating each layer. As described above, the sound absorbing material can be used in a state where each layer is adhered by including an adhesive layer, but it can also be used without adhering each layer. In addition, an adhesive layer may be provided only between a part of the layers. The laminated body constituting the sound absorbing material can be used in a state of being housed in a frame.
＜吸音性提升構件＞ 可將吸音材所包括的基材層的部分用作吸音性提升構件。吸音性提升構件依次包括具有連通孔的第一基材層、及具有連通孔的第二基材層。吸音性提升構件以第一基材層側成為聲音的入射方向的方式使用，第一基材層的密度低於第二基材層的密度。＜Sound-absorbing improvement member＞ The part of the base material layer included in the sound absorbing material can be used as a sound absorbing property improvement member. The sound-absorbing lifting member includes a first base material layer having communicating holes and a second base material layer having communicating holes in this order. The sound-absorbing improvement member is used so that the side of the first base material layer becomes the incident direction of sound, and the density of the first base material layer is lower than the density of the second base material layer.
吸音性提升構件設置在欲提升吸音特性（欲賦予吸音性）的基體的聲音出射的面上。在基體上以基體與第一基材層相向的方式設置吸音性提升構件，藉此可提升基體的吸音特性。即，藉由在欲提升吸音特性的基體上以基體與第一基材層相向的方式設置吸音性提升構件，可獲得吸音結構體。所獲得的吸音結構體包括基體及吸音性提升構件，且依次包括基體、第一基材層及第二基材層。藉由該結構，實現與所述吸音材同樣的結構（自聲音的入射側起，為具有配重功能的硬層以及具有彈性功能的軟層）。The sound absorption improvement member is provided on the surface where the sound of the substrate is to be improved (to be provided with sound absorption). The sound-absorbing improvement member is arranged on the base in such a way that the base and the first base layer face each other, so that the sound-absorbing properties of the base can be improved. That is, a sound-absorbing structure can be obtained by disposing a sound-absorbing improvement member on the base body to be improved in sound-absorbing properties so that the base body and the first base material layer face each other. The obtained sound-absorbing structure includes a base and a sound-absorbing improvement member, and in turn includes a base, a first base material layer, and a second base material layer. With this structure, the same structure as the sound-absorbing material (from the sound incident side, a hard layer with a weight function and a soft layer with an elastic function) is realized.
作為在基體上設置吸音性提升構件的方法，可列舉藉由所述接著劑層貼合基體與吸音性提升構件的方法、在基體上載置吸音性提升構件的狀態下使用框體等固定吸音性提升構件的方法等，但不限於該些方法。As a method of providing the sound-absorbing lifting member on the base, a method of bonding the base and the sound-absorbing lifting member through the adhesive layer, and using a frame to fix the sound-absorbing property while the sound-absorbing lifting member is placed on the base The method of lifting the member, etc., but not limited to these methods.
關於基材層，可適當參照所述吸音材的記載。另外，作為基體，可列舉樹脂板、橡膠板、纖維板、金屬板、陶瓷板、玻璃板等。作為該些材質，具體而言可列舉：聚乙烯（低密度或高密度）、聚丙烯、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烴系樹脂、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯系樹脂、PTFE、FEP、PFA等氟系樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚醯亞胺系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂、聚芳醯胺系樹脂、氯乙烯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、聚苯硫醚系樹脂、聚乙烯醇系樹脂、聚苯乙烯系樹脂、聚丙烯腈系樹脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯系樹脂等樹脂；天然橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠、異戊二烯橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、氯丁二烯橡膠、丙烯腈丁二烯橡膠、丁基橡膠、乙丙橡膠、乙丙二烯橡膠、胺基甲酸酯橡膠、矽酮橡膠、氟橡膠、丙烯酸橡膠、表氯醇橡膠、氯磺化聚乙烯、氯化聚乙烯等橡膠；聚乙烯（低密度或高密度）、聚丙烯、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烴纖維、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯纖維、聚醯胺纖維、丙烯酸纖維、尼龍纖維、嫘縈纖維、羊毛等天然纖維、玻璃纖維、金屬纖維、陶瓷纖維、碳纖維等纖維；銅、鋁、鈦、不鏽鋼、黃銅等金屬；氮化矽、碳化矽等陶瓷；玻璃。Regarding the base layer, reference may be made to the description of the sound absorbing material as appropriate. In addition, examples of the substrate include resin plates, rubber plates, fiber plates, metal plates, ceramic plates, glass plates, and the like. Specific examples of these materials include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (low density or high density), polypropylene, copolymerized polyethylene, and copolymerized polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene terephthalate. Polyester resins such as propylene glycol dicarboxylate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene naphthalate, fluorine resins such as PTFE, FEP, and PFA, and polyamines Paraformate resins, polyimide resins, polyamide resins, polyaramide resins, vinyl chloride resins, acrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, polyethylene Alcohol-based resins, polystyrene-based resins, polyacrylonitrile-based resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate-based resins and other resins; natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene Diene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, chlorosulfonated rubber Polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene and other rubbers; polyethylene (low-density or high-density), polypropylene, copolymerized polyethylene, copolymerized polypropylene and other polyolefin fibers, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate Polyester fibers such as propylene glycol ester, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene naphthalate, polyamide fibers, acrylic fibers, nylon fibers, rayon fibers, Wool and other natural fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, carbon fibers and other fibers; metals such as copper, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, and brass; ceramics such as silicon nitride and silicon carbide; glass.
＜吸音材及吸音性提升構件的用途＞ 所述吸音材及吸音性提升構件在寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異。因此，所述吸音材及吸音性提升構件可較佳地用於汽車、鐵路車輛、航空器、船舶、住宅等建築物、電子設備、精密機械等用途。此處所說的寬頻率範圍可設為頻率為500 Hz～1000 Hz的範圍，所述吸音材在所述頻率範圍具有優異的吸音特性。＜Use of sound-absorbing materials and sound-absorbing enhancement members＞ The sound-absorbing material and the sound-absorbing improvement member have excellent sound-absorbing properties in a wide frequency range. Therefore, the sound-absorbing material and the sound-absorbing improving member can be preferably used for applications such as automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, houses, and other buildings, electronic equipment, and precision machinery. The wide frequency range referred to here may be a frequency range of 500 Hz to 1000 Hz, and the sound absorbing material has excellent sound absorbing characteristics in the frequency range.
＜車輛構件＞ 車輛構件包括所述的吸音材。作為車輛構件，例如可列舉以下的形態。車輛構件可為汽車構件。 外裝：作為車輛用外裝材的吸音構件的車輛構件、車輛用外裝材。 作為外裝，可列舉（車輛用）底蓋（under cover）或底部保護裝置、防音罩等，具體而言，可列舉發動機底蓋、底板底蓋、後底蓋、變速器蓋、翼子板襯套/保護器或擋泥板等。 內裝：作為車輛用內裝材的吸音構件的車輛構件、車輛用內裝材。 作為內裝，可列舉車輛用消音器、車輛用隔音體等，具體而言可列舉車頂材（頂部消音器）、儀錶板消音器、底板消音器、底板地毯、頂蓋消音器等。 其他：輪胎用吸音材。 作為輪胎用吸音材，可列舉車輛用蓋、殼體等與所述吸音材組合而成的吸音結構體。＜Vehicle components＞ The vehicle component includes the aforementioned sound-absorbing material. As a vehicle member, the following forms are mentioned, for example. The vehicle component may be an automobile component. Exterior: Vehicle components and vehicle exterior materials as sound absorbing members of vehicle exterior materials. As the exterior, an under cover (for vehicles), a bottom protection device, a soundproof cover, etc. can be cited. Specifically, an engine under cover, a floor under cover, a rear under cover, a transmission cover, and a fender lining can be cited. Cover/protector or mudguard etc. Interior: vehicle components and vehicle interior materials as sound absorbing members of vehicle interior materials. Examples of the interior include vehicle silencers, vehicle sound insulation, and the like. Specifically, roof materials (top silencers), dashboard silencers, floor silencers, floor carpets, roof silencers, and the like can be exemplified. Others: sound-absorbing materials for tires. As the sound absorbing material for tires, a sound absorbing structure formed by combining the above-mentioned sound absorbing material, such as a vehicle cover, a housing, and the like, can be cited.
以下列出本實施方式的內容。 一種吸音材，依次包括樹脂膜、具有連通孔的第一基材層、及具有連通孔的第二基材層，第一基材層的密度低於第二基材層的密度。 所述吸音材中，第一基材層的通氣阻力低於第二基材層的通氣阻力。 所述吸音材中，第一基材層及第二基材層為樹脂發泡體或不織布。 所述吸音材中，第一基材層的厚度較第二基材層的厚度薄。 所述吸音材中，樹脂膜包括聚烯烴、聚酯或聚醯胺。 所述吸音材中，在樹脂膜的至少任一表面更包括金屬蒸鍍層。 所述吸音材中，在樹脂膜與第一基材層之間、以及第一基材層與第二基材層之間的至少任意一方更包括接著劑層。 所述吸音材中，第一基材層的密度為0.005 g/cm3 ～0.20 g/cm3 ，第二基材層的密度為0.015 g/cm3 ～0.30 g/cm3 。 所述吸音材中，第一基材層的通氣阻力為0.003 kPa·s/m～0.45 kPa·s/m，第二基材層的通氣阻力為0.02 kPa·s/m～0.5 kPa·s/m。 所述吸音材中，其厚度為1 mm～100 mm。 一種吸音性提升構件，依次包括具有連通孔的第一基材層、及具有連通孔的第二基材層，第一基材層的密度低於第二基材層的密度，且以第一基材層側成為聲音的入射方向的方式使用。 所述吸音性提升構件中，第一基材層的通氣阻力低於第二基材層的通氣阻力。 一種車輛構件，包括所述吸音材。 [實施例]The content of this embodiment is listed below. A sound-absorbing material includes a resin film, a first substrate layer with communicating holes, and a second substrate layer with communicating holes in sequence. The density of the first substrate layer is lower than the density of the second substrate layer. In the sound absorbing material, the ventilation resistance of the first base material layer is lower than the ventilation resistance of the second base material layer. In the sound-absorbing material, the first base material layer and the second base material layer are resin foams or non-woven fabrics. In the sound absorbing material, the thickness of the first base material layer is thinner than the thickness of the second base material layer. In the sound-absorbing material, the resin film includes polyolefin, polyester, or polyamide. In the sound absorbing material, at least any surface of the resin film further includes a metal vapor deposition layer. In the sound absorbing material, at least one of between the resin film and the first base material layer and between the first base material layer and the second base material layer further includes an adhesive layer. In the sound-absorbing material, the density of the first base material layer is 0.005 g/cm 3 to 0.20 g/cm 3 , and the density of the second base material layer is 0.015 g/cm 3 to 0.30 g/cm 3 . In the sound-absorbing material, the ventilation resistance of the first substrate layer is 0.003 kPa·s/m to 0.45 kPa·s/m, and the ventilation resistance of the second substrate layer is 0.02 kPa·s/m to 0.5 kPa·s/ m. The thickness of the sound-absorbing material is 1 mm-100 mm. A sound-absorbing lifting member, which in turn includes a first substrate layer with communicating holes and a second substrate layer with communicating holes. The density of the first substrate layer is lower than the density of the second substrate layer, and the first It is used in such a way that the side of the base material layer becomes the incident direction of sound. In the sound-absorbing lifting member, the airflow resistance of the first base material layer is lower than the airflow resistance of the second base material layer. A vehicle component includes the sound-absorbing material. [Example]
以下，藉由實施例而對本發明進一步進行詳細說明，但本發明並不限定於該些實施例。Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in detail through examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（基材層的準備） 準備表1及表2中所示的基材層。(Preparation of substrate layer) The base material layers shown in Table 1 and Table 2 were prepared.
[表1]
[表2]
（樹脂膜的準備） 準備以下的樹脂膜。 兩面鋁蒸鍍聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜（AlPET）：厚度12 μm 雙軸拉伸聚丙烯膜（OPP）：厚度20 μm 低密度聚乙烯膜（PE）：厚度25 μm(Preparation of resin film) Prepare the following resin film. Two-sided aluminum vapor deposition polyethylene terephthalate film (AlPET): thickness 12 μm Biaxially stretched polypropylene film (OPP): thickness 20 μm Low-density polyethylene film (PE): thickness 25 μm
（接著劑層的準備） 準備以下的接著劑層。 雙面膠帶：3M日本股份有限公司、PGD-100、厚度0.12 mm(Preparation of adhesive layer) Prepare the following adhesive layer. Double-sided tape: 3M Japan Co., Ltd., PGD-100, thickness 0.12 mm
（吸音材的製作） 製作具有表3及表4所示的構成的吸音材。各層的接者使用了雙面膠帶。(Production of sound-absorbing material) The sound absorbing material having the structure shown in Table 3 and Table 4 was produced. Double-sided tape is used for the connection of each layer.
（吸音材的吸音特性評價） 按照以下方法測定製作的各吸音材的垂直入射吸音率。自樹脂膜側入射聲音。將500 Hz～1500 Hz下的垂直入射吸音率的平均值作為平均吸音率算出，將比較例的平均吸音率設為100時的比作為該吸音材的吸音特性。將結果表示於表3及表4中。 裝置名：4206型阻抗管（丹麥B&K（Brüel&Kjær）公司） 測定方法：垂直入射吸音率（依據JIS A 1405-1） 測定範圍：50 Hz～1600 Hz(Evaluation of sound-absorbing properties of sound-absorbing materials) The vertical incidence sound absorption rate of each sound absorbing material produced was measured according to the following method. Sound is incident from the side of the resin film. The average value of the vertical incidence sound absorption rate at 500 Hz to 1500 Hz was calculated as the average sound absorption rate, and the ratio when the average sound absorption rate of the comparative example was set to 100 was used as the sound absorption characteristic of the sound absorbing material. The results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. Device name: Type 4206 impedance tube (Denmark B&K (Brüel&Kjær) company) Measurement method: normal incidence sound absorption rate (according to JIS A 1405-1) Measuring range: 50 Hz～1600 Hz
[表3]
[表4]
圖2及圖4、以及圖3及圖5分別是表示實施例及比較例的垂直入射吸音率的圖。如所述圖所示，可知具有第一基材層的密度高於第二基材層的密度的結構的吸音材與不具有該結構的吸音材相比，寬頻率範圍的吸音特性優異。Figs. 2 and 4, and Figs. 3 and 5 are graphs showing the normal incidence sound absorption rates of Examples and Comparative Examples, respectively. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the sound absorbing material having a structure in which the density of the first base material layer is higher than the density of the second base material layer is superior to the sound absorbing material without this structure in the sound absorbing characteristics in a wide frequency range.
1:樹脂膜 2:具有連通孔的第一基材層 3:具有連通孔的第二基材層 10:吸音材1: Resin film 2: The first substrate layer with connected holes 3: The second substrate layer with connected holes 10: Sound-absorbing material
圖1是吸音材的示意剖面圖。 圖2是表示實施例1-1的垂直入射吸音率的圖。 圖3是表示比較例1的垂直入射吸音率的圖。 圖4是表示實施例2-1的垂直入射吸音率的圖。 圖5是表示比較例2的垂直入射吸音率的圖。Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sound absorbing material. Fig. 2 is a graph showing the normal incidence sound absorption of Example 1-1. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the sound absorption rate at normal incidence in Comparative Example 1. FIG. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the normal incidence sound absorption of Example 2-1. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the sound absorption rate at normal incidence in Comparative Example 2. FIG.
1:樹脂膜 1: Resin film
2:具有連通孔的第一基材層 2: The first substrate layer with connected holes
3:具有連通孔的第二基材層 3: The second substrate layer with connected holes
10:吸音材 10: Sound-absorbing material
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