TW202130440A - Connection structure for resistance detection means in resistance welding apparatus, and resistance welding method - Google Patents

Abstract

A resistance welding apparatus, which carries out resistance welding on metal workpieces (52, 54, 56) that make up a stacked body (50), is equipped with a first electrode (12), a second electrode (14), and an AC power supply (34) that distributes a welding current between the first electrode (12) and the second electrode (14). The first electrode (12) and the second electrode (14) are placed in contact, respectively, with the first outermost workpiece (52) and the second outermost workpiece (54) which are most outwardly positioned among the workpieces of the stacked body (50). Further, a first detection terminal (44) of a resistance detection means (30) is connected to the first electrode (12), whereas a second detection terminal (46) of the resistance detection means (30) is connected to the second outermost workpiece (54).

Description

Connection structure of resistance detection mechanism of resistance welding device, and resistance welding method

The present invention relates to a connection structure of a resistance detection mechanism of a resistance welding device when resistance welding is performed on a plurality of laminated metal workpieces, and a resistance welding method.

Resistance welding is widely used as a method of joining a plurality of metal workpieces in a laminate. Specifically, the resistance welding device includes a first electrode and a second electrode, a plurality of metal workpieces are sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the metal workpiece is pressed by the first electrode and the second electrode . In this state, a welding current flows between the first electrode and the second electrode. When it is energized, the metal workpieces are melted by the Joule heat generated based on the resistance between the metal workpieces.

As is well known, the value of Joule heat is calculated based on the welding current or the resistance between metal workpieces. Therefore, before resistance welding, it is necessary to adjust the Joule heat in such a way that the metal workpiece can be melted without sputtering, etc., to detect (measure) the resistance of the laminated metal workpiece. During resistance welding, the welding current is supplied based on the value set by the detection value.

As a method of measuring electrical resistance, the one described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-50442 is known. In this case, first, the first electrode and the second electrode are brought into direct contact to obtain the electrical resistance (offset resistance value) between the two electrodes. Next, a metal workpiece is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode, and in this state, the electrical resistance (total resistance value) of the first electrode to the second electrode is obtained. In addition, the value calculated by subtracting the offset resistance value from the total resistance value is evaluated as the resistance value of the metal workpiece.

There may be cases where resistance welding is performed on the approximate center of a large metal workpiece with a large area. At this time, the first supporting member supporting the first electrode and the second supporting member supporting the second electrode are long resistance welding devices. In this case, if resistance welding is performed with a welding current based on the value of the resistance value measured between the two electrodes sandwiching the metal workpiece, sufficient joining force between the metal workpieces is not obtained.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a connection structure for the resistance detection mechanism of a resistance welding device that can accurately set the value of the welding current required for resistance welding.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a resistance welding method for obtaining sufficient joining force between metal workpieces.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a connection structure of a resistance detection mechanism of a resistance welding device, the resistance welding device having: a first electrode and a first outermost one located at the outermost among a plurality of laminated metal workpieces Workpiece contact; a second electrode, which is in contact with the second outermost work piece located at the other outermost position; and an AC power supply, which is used between the first electrode and the second electrode that sandwich the plurality of metal workpieces Circulate welding current; and The resistance detection mechanism has a first detection terminal and a second detection terminal; The first detection terminal is connected to the first electrode; and The second detection terminal is connected to the second outermost workpiece.

In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a resistance welding method in which resistance welding is performed by a resistance welding device, and the resistance welding device includes: a first electrode located on one of a plurality of laminated metal workpieces The outermost first outermost workpiece is in contact; the second electrode is in contact with another outermost second outermost workpiece; and an AC power source is used to clamp the above-mentioned first electrode of the plurality of metal workpieces The welding current flows with the above-mentioned second electrode; and the resistance welding method has the following: A connecting step, which connects the first detection terminal of the resistance detection mechanism having the first detection terminal and the second detection terminal to the first electrode, and connects the second detection terminal to the second outermost workpiece; A resistance detection step, which detects the resistance between the first detection terminal and the second detection terminal; and The welding step includes flowing a welding current between the first electrode and the second electrode to perform resistance welding.

According to the present invention, the first detection terminal of the resistance detection mechanism of the resistance welding device is connected to the first electrode that is in contact with one of the outermost workpieces in the laminate, and on the other hand, the second detection terminal is connected to one of the laminates. The other is the outermost workpiece touched by the second electrode. And, the resistance between the first detection terminal and the second detection terminal connected in this way is detected, and the welding current is set to a value corresponding to the detection value. Thereby, the resistance of the laminated metal workpiece can be accurately evaluated, and the value of the welding current required for resistance welding can be accurately set. Therefore, avoid sputtering and splashing between resistance welding. In addition, a joined product showing a sufficient joining force at the joining portion was obtained.

The above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages can be easily understood from the description of the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

Hereinafter, for the resistance welding method of the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the relationship between the resistance detection mechanism and the connection structure provided when the method is performed is listed, and detailed description is made with reference to the attached drawings.

The connection structure of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 in relation to a movable X-type welding gun (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "welding gun") 10 constituting the resistance welding device. The welding gun 10 includes a first electrode 12 and a second electrode 14. The first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14 are respectively provided on a first arm member 16 (first support member) and a second arm member 18 (second support member). Component) front end.

Specifically, the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18 have a long columnar shape and extend in a manner facing each other. The first electrode 12 is provided on an end surface of the front end of the first arm member 16 facing the second arm member 18. On the other hand, the second electrode 14 is provided on the end surface of the front end of the second arm member 18 facing the first arm member 16.

The end surface of the second arm member 18 facing the first arm member 16 is provided with a rotation cylinder 20 at the base end (the end opposite to the front end where the second electrode 14 is provided). The front end of the rotation rod 22 constituting the rotation cylinder 20 is connected to the end surface of the first arm member 16 facing the second arm member 18. Furthermore, in the first arm member 16, a first link member 24 is provided between the connecting portion with the rotation lever 22 and the first electrode 12 so as to be biased toward the rotation lever 22 side. The first link member 24 extends toward the second arm member 18.

On the other hand, in the second arm member 18, a second link member 26 extending toward the first link member 24 is provided between the cylinder 20 for rotation and the second electrode 14. Insertion holes (not shown) are respectively formed in the first link member 24 and the second link member 26, and the connecting pin 28 is inserted into the insertion holes overlapping each other.

In this structure, when the lever 22 for rotation advances (ascending in FIG. 1), the base end of the first arm member 16 is moved away from the base end of the second arm member 18, and the front end of the first arm member 16 and The first electrode 12 rotates so as to approach the front end of the second arm member 18 and the second electrode 14. That is, the welding gun 10 is in the closed state. On the other hand, if the lever 22 for rotation retreats (descending in FIG. 1), the base end of the first arm member 16 is approached to the base end of the second arm member 18, and the front end of the first arm member 16 and the first The electrode 12 rotates away from the front end of the second arm member 18 and the second electrode 14, and the welding gun 10 is in an open state. In either case, the center of rotation is the connecting pin 28.

The welding gun 10 further includes a welding timer 30 as a resistance detection mechanism, and a welding power source 36. The welding power supply 36 includes a control circuit 32 for setting the value of the welding current, and an AC power supply 34. The welding timer 30 and the welding power source 36 are electrically connected via a signal wire 38, and the welding power source 36 is electrically connected to the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14 via control wires 40a and 40b. In addition, the splicing timer 30 has a first detection terminal 44 and a second detection terminal 46 provided at the tips of the signal wires 42a and 42b.

A brief description of metal workpieces joined by resistance welding will be given. FIG. 1 shows a laminated body 50 formed by laminating flat parts of three metal workpieces (for example, steel members). That is, the laminated body 50 includes a first outermost work 52 located at one outermost, a second outermost work 54 located at the other outermost, and interposed between the first outermost work 52 and the second outermost work 54 The middle workpiece between 56. The first outermost workpiece 52, the intermediate workpiece 56, and the second outermost workpiece 54 are all metal workpieces containing metal, and exhibit a certain degree of magnetism.

Such a laminate 50 is sandwiched between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14. The first electrode 12 is in contact with the first outermost workpiece 52, and the second electrode 14 is in contact with the second outermost workpiece 54.

The connection structure of the first embodiment is mainly formed between the welding timer 30, the first electrode 12, and the second outermost workpiece 54. That is, the welding timer 30 has the first detection terminal 44 and the second detection terminal 46 as described above. The first detection terminal 44 is electrically connected to the first electrode 12, and the second detection terminal 46 is electrically and physically connected to the second outermost workpiece 54.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the laminated body 50 and the welding gun 10 in which the connection structure is formed. As shown in FIG. 2, the second detection terminal 46 is connected to the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 16 of the second outermost workpiece 54 so as not to overlap the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18 opposed to it. 2 The offset position of the arm member 18. In other words, the second detection terminal 46 is connected to a portion of the second outermost workpiece 54 other than the portion interposed (located) between the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18.

The connection structure of the first embodiment is basically constructed as described above, and then its function and effect will be described in relation to the resistance welding method.

When performing resistance welding using the welding gun 10, first, a connection step for forming the above-mentioned connection structure is performed. Specifically, the welding gun 10 is placed in the open state, and the laminate 50 is inserted between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14. Before (or after) its insertion, the second detection terminal 46 is connected to the second outermost workpiece 54 in the laminated body 50. The connection position in this case is a position offset from the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18. In addition, by inserting the laminate 50 between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14, the second electrode 14 and the second outermost workpiece 54 are brought into contact (connected). In addition, the first detection terminal 44 is electrically connected to the first electrode 12 in advance.

After the above-mentioned connection step is performed, the welding gun 10 is set to the closed state to perform the resistance detection step. Therefore, the cylinder 20 for rotation is energized, and the rod 22 for rotation advances. Along with this advancement, the first arm member 16 rotates with the connecting rod 28 as the center of rotation. Specifically, the base end of the first arm member 16 is away from the base end of the second arm member 18, on the other hand, the front end of the first arm member 16 is close to the front end of the second arm member 18. As a result, the first electrode 12 contacts the first outermost workpiece 52 and presses the first outermost workpiece 52. That is, a pressing force is applied to the layered body 50.

In this state, a measuring current for detecting the resistance between the first detection terminal 44 and the second detection terminal 46 (hereinafter, also referred to as "inter-terminal resistance") flows. The resistance between the terminals is detected by the welding timer 30.

Here, FIGS. 3A and 3B respectively show the prior art in which the first detection terminal 44 is connected to the first electrode 12 and the second detection terminal 46 is connected to the second electrode 14. In either case, the voltmeters in the welding timer 30 are connected in parallel to the multilayer body 50.

Through in-depth research by the present inventors, the following findings have been obtained: In the connection structure of the prior art, the resistance between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14 (inter-electrode resistance) detected by the welding timer 30 is as follows: The time near the outer edge of the resistance welding laminate 50 shown in FIG. 3A is different from the time near the center of the resistance welding laminate 50 as shown in FIG. 3B. That is, the outer edge portion of the multilayer body 50 has a low resistance, and it becomes a high resistance as it approaches the central portion (which follows the inner side). In other words, the larger the area of the portion between the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18, the higher the resistance between electrodes. It is presumed that the reason is that the magnetism of the portion of the laminate 50 interposed between the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18 affects the value of the resistance between the electrodes.

In addition, when performing resistance welding on the inner side with high resistance, if the welding current of the same value as when the resistance welding is performed on the outer edge is passed, the joule heat generated on the inner side and the outer edge side are difficult to flow because the welding current is difficult to flow. Compared to become smaller. It is believed that such a drop in welding current is the reason why sufficient joining force cannot be obtained.

In contrast, in the connection structure of the first embodiment, the second outermost workpiece 54 becomes a part of the electrical circuit formed by the laminate 50 and the welding timer 30. That is, in this electrical circuit, the measurement current flows from, for example, the first electrode 12 to the second outermost workpiece 54 via the welding timer 30. Therefore, the shunt of the measuring current is taken from the second outermost workpiece 54 to the voltmeter in the welding timer 30.

Therefore, it is avoided that the magnetism of the laminated body 50 affects the electrical circuit. In this way, the change in inductance caused by the state change in the electrical circuit is suppressed, and therefore the change in resistance (Impedance) can be suppressed. However, since the second detection terminal 46 is connected to the second outermost workpiece 54 at a position offset from the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18, magnetism is unlikely to affect the value of the resistance between the terminals. In addition to this, according to the first embodiment, the resistance between the terminals can be accurately detected. Therefore, the accurate resistance of the laminate 50 can be evaluated.

The welding timer 30 sends the detected resistance between the terminals as an information signal via the signal wiring 38 to the control circuit 32. The control circuit 32 receiving the information signal sets the value of the welding current so that the value of Joule heat (heat) generated by the laminate 50 falls within a specific range, and supplies it to the first electrode 12 as AC through the control wirings 40a and 40b. And the second electrode 14. Along with this, the welding step is performed.

In this way, in the welding step, a welding current of an appropriate value corresponding to the resistance between the terminals detected as described above is supplied. Therefore, lumps of sufficient size are grown in the welded part (the contact interface between the workpieces). Therefore, a joined product in which the joining part exhibits sufficient joining force is obtained. Also, avoid sputtering and splashing during resistance welding.

After the energization (welding step) for a specific time is completed, the cylinder 20 for rotation is energized, and the rod 22 for rotation is retreated. With this retreat, the front end of the first arm member 16 and the first electrode 12 move away from the front end of the second arm member 18 and the second electrode 14. On the other hand, the base end of the first arm member 16 approaches the second arm As for the base end of the member 18, the first arm member 16 rotates with the connecting pin 28 as the center of rotation. That is, the welding gun 10 is in an open state.

When performing resistance welding to other parts of the laminated body 50, the welding gun 10 is moved relative to the laminated body 50 so that the other parts are interposed between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14, and the welding gun 10 is moved relative to the laminated body 50. Set to off state. The welding current of the same value as the above is also circulated to the other parts. Since the resistance between the terminals is accurately detected without being affected by magnetism and the resistance of the laminated body 50 is accurately evaluated, it is possible to avoid spattering and splashing, and to make the other part a joint with excellent joint strength.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, although the electrode located at the top of FIG. 1 is set as the first electrode 12 and the electrode located at the bottom is set as the second electrode 14, the opposite is also possible, as shown in FIG. 4. The electrode located above is referred to as the second electrode 14 and the electrode located below is referred to as the first electrode 12. In addition, in FIG. 4, the illustration of the welding power supply 36, the control wiring 40a, 40b, etc. is abbreviate|omitted. The same is true in the above-mentioned FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, and FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 described later.

In this case, the metal workpiece located at the bottom becomes the first outermost workpiece 52, and the metal workpiece located at the top becomes the second outermost workpiece 54. In addition, it is only necessary to connect the first detection terminal 44 to the first electrode 12 and connect the second detection terminal 62 to the second outermost workpiece 54. Here, in this example, the second detection terminal 62 in the shape of a clamp is used. In this example, the welding current is supplied to the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14 as alternating current.

Next, the connection structure of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5. In addition, the same reference numerals are attached to the same constituent elements as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

In this case, the resistance welding device 70 includes a welding gun 10 and a pedestal 74 as a holding mechanism for holding the laminated body 72. The pedestal 74 includes a base portion 76 and an insulator having a first pillar portion 78 protruding from the upper surface of the base portion 76 and at least one second pillar portion 80. Furthermore, a small-diameter positioning pin portion 82 is erected on the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78. In the above configuration, the second detection terminal 84 in the shape of a ring is arranged on the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78 so as to avoid the positioning pin portion 82. Of course, the second detection terminal 84 is connected to the welding timer 30 via the signal wiring 42b. In addition, the first detection terminal 44 of the welding timer 30 is electrically connected to the first electrode 12 in advance via the signal wiring 42a.

On the other hand, in the layered body 72, a positioning hole 86 is formed through the upper surface of the first outermost workpiece 52 through the intermediate workpiece 56 to the lower surface of the second outermost workpiece 54. The positioning pin 82 passes through the positioning hole 86. In addition, the distance from the edge to the edge of the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78 is set to be longer than the diameter of the positioning hole 86.

When the resistance welding device 70 is used for resistance welding, the positioning pin 82 passes through the positioning hole 86 of the laminated body 72. Since the distance from the edge to the edge of the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78 is set to be longer than the diameter of the positioning hole 86, the second outermost workpiece 54 is placed on the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78. In other words, a part of the second outermost workpiece 54 is in contact with the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78 via the second detection terminal 84. In addition, other parts of the second outermost workpiece 54 are placed on the upper surface of the second pillar portion 80. With the above placement, the laminated body 72 is held on the pedestal 74. In addition, since the positioning pin 82 passes through the positioning hole 86, positional deviation of the laminated body 72 is prevented.

A portion of the second outermost workpiece 54 is placed on the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78, and at the same time, this portion is in contact with the second detection terminal 84. Thereby, the second detection terminal 84 is electrically and physically connected to the second outermost workpiece 54. In this case, the same electrical circuit as in the first embodiment is formed.

After that, as in the first embodiment, the value of the welding current is set based on the value of the resistance between the terminals, and the welding current (AC) of the value is supplied to the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 14. In this way, resistance welding is performed. In the second embodiment, since the same electrical circuit as the first embodiment is formed, it is possible to avoid sputtering and spatter during resistance welding, and to obtain a joined product whose welded part, that is, the joined part, exhibits sufficient joining force.

The second detection terminal 84 may be arranged on the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78 instead of being arranged on the upper surface of one second pillar portion 80 as shown in FIG. 6. In this case, as in the case where the second detection terminal 84 is arranged on the upper surface of the first pillar portion 78, the value of the welding current is set based on the value of the resistance between the terminals.

In the case of the above-mentioned second embodiment, the connection structure is formed as the layered body 72 is held on the pedestal 74. That is, the work of connecting the second detection terminal 84 to the second outermost work 54 is unnecessary. Therefore, the resistance detection step can be performed efficiently. In addition, there is an advantage that it is easy to connect the second detection terminal 84 to the second outermost workpiece 54 at a location other than the location between the first arm member 16 and the second arm member 18.

The present invention is not particularly limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

For example, the number of laminated metal workpieces is mainly plural. That is, there may be two or four or more. In either case, it is only necessary to make the first electrode 12 contact an outermost metal workpiece, and make the second electrode 14 contact another outermost metal workpiece. Next, the first detection terminal 44 is connected to the first electrode 12, and the second detection terminal 46 is connected to the outermost workpiece that the second electrode 14 contacts.

In addition, the welding gun is not limited to the X-type shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 6, and may be a welding gun of other shapes such as a C-type welding gun.

10: Mobile X-type welding gun 12: 1st electrode 14: 2nd electrode 16: 1st arm member 18: 2nd arm member 20: Cylinder for rotation 22: Rotating lever 24: The first link member 26: The second link member 28: Link pin 30: Splicing timer 32: control circuit 34: AC power 36: Welding power supply 38: signal wiring 40a: Control wiring 40b: Control wiring 42a: signal wiring 42b: Signal wiring 44: The first detection terminal 46: The second detection terminal 50: layered body 52: The first outermost workpiece 54: The second outermost workpiece 56: Intermediate workpiece 62: The second detection terminal 70: Resistance welding device 72: layered body 74: Pedestal 76: Abutment 78: The first pillar 80: The second pillar 82: Pin for positioning 84: The second detection terminal 86: Hole for positioning

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of important parts showing schematically a state in which the connection structure of the first embodiment is formed between the welding gun and the metal workpiece constituting the resistance welding device. Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a metal workpiece and a welding gun formed with the connection structure of the first embodiment. FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing the schematic configuration of important parts of a state in which the connection structure of the prior art is formed between the resistance welding device and the metal workpiece. Fig. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of important parts schematically showing the state of the connection structure forming the modification of the first embodiment. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a state in which the connection structure of the second embodiment is formed between the resistance welding device and the metal workpiece. Fig. 6 is an overall schematic configuration diagram schematically showing the state of the connection structure forming a modification of the second embodiment.

10: Mobile X-type welding gun

12: 1st electrode

14: 2nd electrode

16: 1st arm member

18: 2nd arm member

20: Cylinder for rotation

22: Rotating lever

24: The first link member

26: The second link member

28: Link pin

30: Splicing timer

32: control circuit

34: AC power

36: Welding power supply

38: signal wiring

40a: Control wiring

40b: Control wiring

42a: signal wiring

42b: Signal wiring

44: The first detection terminal

46: The second detection terminal

50: layered body

52: The first outermost workpiece

54: The second outermost workpiece

56: Intermediate workpiece

Claims (7)

A connection structure of a resistance detection mechanism of a resistance welding device, which is a connection structure of a resistance detection mechanism (30) of a resistance welding device (10), and the resistance welding device (10) is provided with: a first electrode (12), which is connected to The first outermost workpiece (52) located at the outermost among the plurality of laminated metal workpieces (52, 54, 56) is in contact; the second electrode (14) is in contact with the second outermost workpiece located at the other outermost (54) Contact; and an AC power supply (34) for passing a welding current between the first electrode and the second electrode sandwiching the plurality of metal workpieces; and The resistance detection mechanism has a first detection terminal (44) and a second detection terminal (46); The first detection terminal is connected to the first electrode; and The second detection terminal is connected to the second outermost workpiece. The connection structure of claim 1, wherein the resistance welding device includes: a first support member (16) provided with the first electrode; and a second support member (18) opposed to the first support member and Is provided with the above-mentioned second electrode; and The second detection terminal is connected to a portion of the second outermost workpiece other than a portion interposed between the first support member and the second support member. The connection structure of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal workpieces are held by a holding mechanism (74), and the second detection terminal is arranged at a location where the second outermost workpiece of the holding mechanism contacts. A resistance welding method, which uses a resistance welding device (10) to perform resistance welding, and the resistance welding device (10) is provided with: a first electrode (12) which is laminated with a plurality of metal workpieces (52, 54, 56) ) Is in contact with the first outermost workpiece (52) located at the outermost one; the second electrode (14) is in contact with the second outermost workpiece (54) located at the other outermost; and the AC power supply (34), which It is used to flow a welding current between the first electrode and the second electrode sandwiching the plurality of metal workpieces; and the resistance welding method has the following steps: The connecting step is to connect the first detection terminal of the resistance detection mechanism (30) having the first detection terminal (44) and the second detection terminal (46) to the first electrode, and connect the second detection terminal to the The second outermost workpiece mentioned above; A resistance detection step, which detects the resistance between the first detection terminal and the second detection terminal; and In the welding step, a welding current is passed between the first electrode and the second electrode to perform resistance welding. The resistance welding method of claim 4, wherein in the welding step, a welding current based on the value set by the value of the resistance detected by the resistance detection step is passed for resistance welding. The resistance welding method of claim 4, wherein the resistance welding device includes: a first support member (16) provided with the first electrode; and a second support member (18) opposed to the first support member And the second electrode is provided; and at this time, the second detection terminal is connected to a location other than the location between the first support member and the second support member that is connected to the second outermost workpiece. The resistance welding method of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein when the plurality of metal workpieces are held in the holding mechanism (74), the second detection terminal is arranged on the second outermost of the holding mechanism The part touched by the workpiece.

Images