TW202005617A - Bone-fusion dental implant providing with penetrative porous structure layer having sufficient thickness - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bone-fusion dental implant, which comprises: an implant top having a cylindrical shape and including a circular smooth surface; and, an implanting portion which is connected with the implant top and includes a penetrative porous structure layer disposed under the circular smooth surface, wherein the penetrative porous structure layer has a predetermined thickness, and the predetermined thickness of the implant portion at its largest outer diameter is larger than 0.4 mm.

Description

Bone fusion artificial root

The invention relates to a bone fusion artificial tooth root, and in particular to a bone fusion artificial tooth root, which has a penetrating porous structure layer with a sufficient thickness.

With the advancement of technology, a technology for dental implants has also been developed. Specifically, the artificial tooth root is directly implanted into the alveolar bone to completely replace the damaged tooth. Because artificial implants do not need to be attached with other devices and adjacent teeth to support, it is less likely to damage the adjacent natural teeth, and can prevent the atrophy of alveolar bone and gums, and maintain the health and function of the oral cavity for a long time. In 1950, Swedish professor Per-Ingvar Branemark discovered that titanium is highly biocompatible with the human body. In other words, the body has a low probability of rejection of titanium, which allows bone tissue to grow and integrate on the surface of titanium. Therefore, P-I Branemark proposed the concept of Osseointegration and applied it to the dental field, thereby achieving a breakthrough in dental technology.

Before implanting a tooth, a hole must be drilled in the alveolar bone to lock the artificial root. Please refer to FIG. 1, the artificial tooth root 1 is generally provided with an external thread 11, an internal thread 12, and a polygonal inner tapered section 13. The external thread 11 is locked into the bone hole of the alveolar bone 2 using a tool. The integration of the alveolar bone 2 and the artificial tooth root 1 may take about three to six months. After the bone cavity is closed, the artificial tooth root 1 will be tightened. Then insert the support 3 into the artificial tooth root 1 through the gingival tissue 21, and use a locking screw 31 to pass through the support 3 into the internal thread 12, so that the support 3 is fixed to the artificial root 1, and finally the crown is installed 32. Complete the installation of dentures or dentures. The support 3 has a polygonal cone-shaped shank corresponding to the shape of the polygonal inner cone section 13, and can be used for a long time without being easily shaken and rotated. At present, the most widely used artificial tooth root 1 material, titanium metal is indeed a fairly reliable oral implant material. However, there are still risks in the dental implant process. When bone tissue is growing and integrating onto the surface of the artificial tooth root, micro-displacement should be prevented. Micro-displacement can cause bone tissue to loosen from the surface of the artificial tooth root, resulting in failure of bone integration.

At present, if the artificial tooth root wants to shorten the time course of osseointegration, the fastest way is to directly create an environment suitable for the growth of bone cells. To achieve this goal, the best way is to use special surface treatment technology for artificial roots. The so-called surface treatment technology suitable for artificial tooth roots means that after the surface treatment of artificial tooth roots, the surface can have a specific biological function, for example, the surface is formed with a large roughness or micro holes. In other words, it is to create an environment suitable for the attachment and growth of bone cells on the surface of the artificial tooth root, and can accelerate the differentiation and mineralization of bone cells to form bones in the shortest time. Surface treatment methods suitable for artificial tooth roots include two types of wet and wet processes. The gen-type process includes physical vapor deposition technology, plasma spraying technology, sand blasting technology, etc. The wet process includes anode treatment technology, micro-arc oxidation technology, chemical etching technology, etc.

However, regardless of the surface treatment method of the gen-type process or the surface treatment method of the wet process, only the roughness of the surface of the artificial tooth root or the treatment of micro-holes are processed, and a sufficient thickness cannot be formed on the surface of the artificial tooth root. Penetrating microporous structure layer.

Therefore, there is a need for a bone fusion artificial tooth root that can overcome the above problems.

An object of the present invention is to provide a bone fusion artificial tooth root having a penetrating porous structure layer with a sufficient thickness.

According to the above purpose, the present invention provides a bone fusion artificial tooth root comprising: a tooth root top having a cylindrical shape and including a ring-shaped smooth surface; and a tooth root implant portion connected to the tooth root top and comprising: a penetrating The microporous structure layer is arranged under the annular smooth surface, wherein the penetrating microporous structure layer has a predetermined thickness, and when the root implant portion is at its maximum outer diameter, the predetermined thickness is greater than 0.4 mm .

The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing an artificial tooth root, which includes the following steps: constructing an artificial tooth root stereoscopic image model, wherein the artificial tooth root stereoscopic image model includes a stereoscopic image of a tooth root implanted portion, and a three-dimensional image of the tooth root implanted portion The image includes a three-dimensional image of a penetrating microporous structure layer. The penetrating microporous structure layer has a predetermined thickness. When the root implant is at its maximum outer diameter, the predetermined thickness is greater than 0.4mm; and according to the three-dimensional image model of the artificial tooth root, perform a layered manufacturing step to manufacture an artificial tooth root.

Because the artificial tooth root of the present invention has a penetrating porous microstructure layer with sufficient thickness, an environment suitable for the growth of bone cells can be directly created at the artificial tooth root, so that the bone cells can grow deeper into the artificial tooth root in addition to growing on the surface to reach the bone Fully fused with artificial tooth roots, called Osseo Ingrowth.

1‧‧‧ Artificial tooth root

451‧‧‧Opening

11‧‧‧ External thread

5‧‧‧Three-dimensional objects

12‧‧‧ female thread

51‧‧‧Powder layer

13‧‧‧Polygonal inner cone section

6‧‧‧ Artificial tooth root

2‧‧‧Alveolar bone

6’‧‧‧ Artificial tooth root

21‧‧‧Gum tissue

6”‧‧‧Artificial tooth root

3‧‧‧support

61‧‧‧Top of tooth root

31‧‧‧Locking screw

611‧‧‧Annular smooth surface

32‧‧‧Crown

612‧‧‧ female thread

4‧‧‧Three-dimensional (3D) printing device

62‧‧‧Dental root implantation

41‧‧‧Processing chamber

621‧‧‧Central column

411‧‧‧ Manufacturing surface

6211‧‧‧Solid fin

42‧‧‧Powder distribution unit

6212‧‧‧Longitudinal fins

43‧‧‧Laser beam

6213‧‧‧Longitudinal groove

44‧‧‧ Manufacturing platform

622‧‧‧Male thread

45‧‧‧Cylinder

623‧‧‧penetrating microporous structure layer

46‧‧‧Gas transmission circuit

82‧‧‧Crown

461‧‧‧Pump

90‧‧‧Link winding structure

462‧‧‧filter

A1‧‧‧ predetermined thickness

47‧‧‧Gas transmission circuit

A2‧‧‧ predetermined thickness

471‧‧‧Pump

A3‧‧‧Predetermined thickness

472‧‧‧filter

B1‧‧‧Diameter

48‧‧‧ gas transmission circuit

B2‧‧‧Diameter

481‧‧‧Pump

B3‧‧‧Diameter

482‧‧‧filter

S10~S20‧‧‧Step

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the prior art artificial tooth root support and crown

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an artificial tooth root manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a stereoscopic image of a non-geometric link winding structure of the present invention.

4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional (3D) printing device of the present invention.

5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an artificial tooth root manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention.

6 is a schematic plan view of the artificial tooth root of the first embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a schematic perspective view of the artificial tooth root of the first embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an artificial tooth root according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

9a to 9c are schematic cross-sectional views of the penetrating microporous structure layer and the central pillar when the maximum outer diameter of the root implant is 3.5 mm, 4 mm, and 4.5 mm.

10 is a partial perspective cross-sectional schematic view of the root implant portion of an artificial tooth root according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 11a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a penetrating porous microstructure layer of an artificial tooth root and the central pillar according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a central post of a penetrating porous microstructure of an artificial tooth root after replacing a central post of a solid structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.

12 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an artificial tooth root combined with a crown according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an artificial tooth root according to a second embodiment of the invention.

14a and 14b are a schematic perspective view and a lateral cross-sectional schematic view of an artificial tooth root according to a third embodiment of the invention.

In order to make the above objects, features and characteristics of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the relevant embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of an artificial tooth root manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention. The artificial tooth root manufacturing method includes the following steps:

In step S10: construct a three-dimensional image model of an artificial tooth root, wherein the three-dimensional image model of an artificial tooth root includes a three-dimensional image of a root implant portion, and the three-dimensional image of the tooth root implant portion includes a penetrating micropore Stereoscopic image of structural layer. The penetrating microporous structure layer has a predetermined thickness, and when the root implant portion is at its maximum outer diameter, the predetermined thickness is greater than 0.4 mm. In detail, the three-dimensional (3D) modeling software (such as FreeCAD or SpaceClaim and other existing software) can be used to construct the three-dimensional image model of the artificial tooth root. The three-dimensional image of the penetrating porous structure layer is a three-dimensional image of a non-geometric link winding structure 90 (as shown in FIG. 3). This embodiment takes an artificial tooth root with a thread design as an example. The detailed description is as follows, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

In step S20: according to the three-dimensional image model of the artificial tooth root, a layered manufacturing step is performed to manufacture an artificial tooth root. In this embodiment, the buildup manufacturing step includes: spreading a powder layer on a manufacturing surface; sweeping a laser beam across the powder layer portion corresponding to the transverse section of the artificial tooth root being manufactured; sintering; a layer of powder After the layer is sintered, then another powder layer is spread over the surface of the powder layer after sintering, and the laser beam is used to scan the corresponding powder layer portion of the transverse section of the artificial tooth root for sintering; these processes are repeated until the artificial The tooth root is completely formed.

For example, the material of the artificial tooth root may be titanium metal. The above-mentioned build-up manufacturing step uses a three-dimensional (3D) printing device to manufacture the artificial tooth root. Referring to FIG. 4, the three-dimensional (3D) printing device 4 includes a processing chamber 41 that can be sealed from the external environment and has a manufacturing surface 411. The processing chamber 41 is provided with a powder dispersing unit 42 for dispersing the powder layer 51 on the manufacturing surface 411. The processing chamber 41 allows a high-energy laser beam 43 to enter to scan the powder layer 51 on the manufacturing surface 411 for sintering to form a part of the three-dimensional three-dimensional object 5. The manufacturing surface 411 is supported by a manufacturing platform 44 that can reciprocate in the opening 451 of the cylinder 45 so that when the three-dimensional solid object 5 is formed layer by layer, the manufacturing platform 44 can be lowered to accommodate the three-dimensional Three-dimensional object 5. The manufacturing platform 44 is sealingly engaged with the opening 451 of the cylinder 45 to maintain the gas pressure (eg, filled with inert gas) in the processing chamber 41 and prevent the powder layer 51 from overflowing. The three-dimensional (3D) printing device 4 further includes a plurality of different gas transmission circuits 46, 47, and 48 communicating with the processing chamber 41. Each gas transmission circuit 46, 47, and 48 has pumps 461, 471, and 481, respectively. Filters 462, 472, 482.

The three-dimensional (3D) printing device 4 uses the technique of selective laser sintering (SLS) or selective laser melting (SLM) to sweep the laser beam 43 across the cross-section of the three-dimensional solid object 5 being manufactured Correspondingly, the powder layer 51 is sintered by sintering or melting. The cross-section is generated based on the three-dimensional image model of the artificial tooth root and by calculation aided design (CAD) data. After sintering a powder layer 51, the manufacturing surface 411 is lowered, and the powder layer 51 after sintering increases the thickness of the three-dimensional solid object 5. Then, another powder layer 51 is spread over the sintered powder layer 51 surface. Continue to irradiate the corresponding powder layer part of the cross section of the three-dimensional solid object 5 with the laser beam, then the newly sintered powder layer is stacked on the old sintered powder layer. Repeat these processes and stack them using the principle of lamination until the three-dimensional three-dimensional object 5 (that is, the artificial tooth root) is completely formed, as shown in FIG. 5. Then, the powder attached to the surface of the three-dimensional three-dimensional object 5 is removed, for example, the three-dimensional three-dimensional object 5 is placed in clear water, and the powder attached to the surface of the three-dimensional three-dimensional object 5 is removed by ultrasonic vibration. Finally, the outer surface of the root of the artificial tooth root is polished to obtain the finished product of the artificial tooth root.

The layered manufacturing step of the present invention uses a three-dimensional (3D) printing device to manufacture artificial roots corresponding to the three-dimensional image model of artificial roots. 6, 7 and 8 respectively show a schematic plan view, a schematic perspective view and a longitudinal section schematic view of the artificial tooth root of the first embodiment of the present invention. The artificial tooth root 6 is a bone fusion artificial tooth root, which includes: a tooth root top 61 and a tooth root implant portion 62. The tooth root top 61 has a cylindrical shape and includes an annular smooth surface 611. The root implant portion 62 is connected to the top 61 of the root and includes a central post 621, an external thread 622, and a penetrating microporous structure layer 623. The center column 621 is a solid structure. The penetrating micro-porous structure layer 623 surrounds the periphery of the central pillar 621 and is below the annular smooth surface 611. The external thread 622 surrounds the central post 621 in a spiral direction. The external thread 622 may be a solid structure. The penetrating porous microstructure layer 623 is located between the external thread 622 and the central pillar 621, for example, the penetrating porous microstructure layer 623 also surrounds and connects to the central pillar 621 in the spiral direction, wherein the outer The thread 622 has a thread pitch, the thread pitch defines a thread pitch space, the penetrating microporous structure layer 623 is located in the thread pitch space, and the penetrating microporous structure layer 623 has a predetermined thickness. After the dental implant surgery is restored, the ring-shaped smooth surface 611 contacts the gum tissue, and the root implant portion 62 extends into the alveolar bone.

9a to 9c show schematic cross-sectional views of the penetrating microporous structure layer and the central post when the maximum outer diameter of the root implant is 3.5 mm, 4 mm, and 4.5 mm. Please refer to FIG. 9a, when the maximum outer diameter of the root implant portion 62 is 3.5 mm, the predetermined thickness A1 (0.4 mm) of the penetrating porous microstructure layer 623 and the diameter B2 of the central post 621 ( 2.3mm) ratio is 0.17:1; please refer to FIG. 9b, when the maximum outer diameter of the root implant portion 62 is 4mm, the predetermined thickness A2 (0.65mm) of the penetrating porous structure layer 623 The ratio to the diameter B2 (2.3mm) of the central post 621 is 0.28:1; and, please refer to FIG. 9c, when the maximum outer diameter of the root implant 62 is 4.5mm, the penetration The ratio of the predetermined thickness A3 (0.9 mm) of the hole structure layer 623 to the diameter B3 (2.3 mm) of the central pillar 621 is 0.39:1. Therefore, when the root implant portion 62 is at its maximum outer diameter, the ratio of the predetermined thickness of the penetrating microporous structure layer 623 to the diameter of the central post 621 may be between 0.17:1 and 0.39:1 The predetermined thickness of the penetrating microporous structure layer 623 may be between 0.4 and 0.9 mm. Because the artificial tooth root of the present invention has a penetrating porous microstructure layer with sufficient thickness, an environment suitable for the growth of bone cells can be directly created at the artificial tooth root, so that the bone cells can grow deeper into the artificial tooth root in addition to growing on the surface. The bone is fully fused with the artificial tooth root.

FIG. 10 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the root implant portion of the artificial tooth root of the first embodiment of the present invention. The penetrating microporous structure layer 623 includes a chain winding structure 90 having a non-geometric shape, so that the penetrating microporous structure layer 623 is covered with micropores within the chain winding structure 90, a single micropore The maximum size can be between 250~700μm, which is suitable for flat attachment of bone cells.

FIG. 11a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a penetrating porous microstructure layer of an artificial tooth root and the central pillar according to another embodiment of the present invention. The central post 621 of the root implant portion 62 includes a plurality of solid fins 6211, and the solid fins 6211 are arranged in a star shape. The penetrating microporous structure layer 623 is further located around the solid fins 6211, so that the volume per unit area of the penetrating microporous structure layer 623 can be increased, and powder material can be saved during the lamination manufacturing step. FIG. 11b shows a cross-sectional schematic view of the central post of the penetrating porous microstructure of the artificial tooth root in another embodiment of the present invention replacing the central post of the solid structure. At this time, the penetrating porous microstructure layer 623 still surrounds the periphery of the central pillar 621 having the penetrating micropore structure, the penetrating micropore structure layer 623 and the penetrating micropore structure The total thickness of the central post 621 may be less than the maximum outer diameter of the root implant portion 62 (for example, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, 6 mm, or 6.5 mm, etc.).

FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of an artificial tooth root combined with a crown according to the first embodiment of the present invention. After implanting the alveolar bone 2 into the root implant portion 62 of the artificial tooth root 6 of the present invention, the root top 61 of the artificial root 1 can be directly connected to the crown 82, wherein the root top 61 and the crown 82 The connection method between them is the prior art and will not be described in detail here. Therefore, the artificial tooth root 6 of the first embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the one-piece (i.e., artificial tooth root 6 and crown 82) artificial tooth implantation technology to complete the artificial tooth implantation operation. After the dental implant surgery is restored, the annular smooth surface 611 contacts the gingival tissue 21, and the root implant portion 62 extends into the alveolar bone 2.

13 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an artificial tooth root according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The artificial tooth root 6'of the second embodiment is substantially similar to the artificial tooth root 6 of the first embodiment, and similar elements are marked with similar reference numerals. The difference between the artificial roots 6', 6 of the second and first embodiments is that the root top 61 of the artificial root 6'of the second embodiment of the present invention further includes an internal thread 612 that can be used to lock a seat or a lock Fixed screws, suitable for two-piece or three-piece artificial dental implant technology.

14a and 14b respectively show a schematic perspective view and a transverse cross-sectional schematic view of an artificial tooth root according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The artificial tooth root 6" of the third embodiment is substantially similar to the artificial tooth root 6 of the first embodiment, and similar elements are marked with similar reference numbers. The difference between the artificial tooth roots 6", 6 of the third and first embodiments is: the third embodiment The central post 621 of the root implant portion 62 of the artificial tooth root 6" includes a plurality of longitudinal fins 6212 (fin sheet) and a plurality of longitudinal grooves 6213 (vertical slot), the longitudinal fins 6212 are in an outward direction It is tapered, and the longitudinal grooves 6213 are located between the longitudinal fins 6212. The penetrating microporous structure layer 623 is located in the longitudinal grooves 6213, so that the penetrating micropores can be increased The volume of the structural layer 623. The artificial tooth root 6" of the third embodiment is to implant the root implant portion 62 into the alveolar bone by tapping.

In summary, it only describes the preferred embodiments or examples of the technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the problem, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent implementation of the present invention. That is, any changes and modifications that are consistent with the context of the patent application scope of the present invention, or made in accordance with the patent scope of the present invention, are covered by the patent scope of the present invention.

S10~S20‧‧‧Step

Claims (6)

A bone fusion artificial tooth root, comprising: a tooth root top, having a cylindrical shape, and comprising a ring-shaped smooth surface; and a tooth root implantation part, connected to the tooth root top, and comprising a penetrating microporous structure layer, arranged on the Below the annular smooth surface, wherein the penetrating microporous structure layer has a predetermined thickness, the predetermined thickness is greater than 0.4 mm when the root implant portion is at its maximum outer diameter. The bone fusion artificial tooth root as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the root implant portion further includes a central column, the central column is a solid structure, and the penetrating porous structure layer surrounds the periphery of the central column. The bone fusion artificial tooth root as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the root implant portion further includes a central column, the central column is a penetrating porous structure, and the penetrating porous structure layer surrounds The periphery of the center column. The bone fusion artificial tooth root as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the root implant portion further includes: an external thread, the external thread is a solid structure, and the penetrating porous structure layer is located on the external thread and the Between the center columns. The bone fusion artificial tooth root as described in item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the central post of the root implant part includes a plurality of solid fin-shaped pieces, the solid fin-shaped pieces are arranged in a star shape, and the penetrability is much The microporous structure layer is further located on the periphery of the solid fins. The bone fusion artificial tooth root as described in item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the central post of the root implant portion includes a plurality of longitudinal fins and a plurality of longitudinal grooves, and the longitudinal fins taper in an outward direction The longitudinal grooves are respectively located between the longitudinal fins, and the penetrating microporous structure layer is further located in the longitudinal grooves.

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