TW201910631A - Vertical axis wind turbine with a telescopic rotational diameter - Google Patents

Abstract

A vertical shaft wind turbine capable of increasing the length of a rotational diameter, comprising a plurality of vertical blades connected to the central axis of the generator, the plurality of blades being provided at equal intervals on the outer circumference side of the central axis, and each of the blades is provided with at least one support shaft assembly extending toward the central axis, and in between each of the support shaft assembly and the central shaft is provided, respectively, with an elastic telescopic assembly, and each of the elastic telescopic assemblies is respectively driven by the centrifugal force of the blades above a rated speed to drive the support shaft assembly to extend outwardly, so that the rotation radius of each blade from the central axis increases as the rotational speed increases. The increment of the rotation radius reduces the rotation speed, maintaining the stability of the speed and output power in a strong gust situation, and the decrement of the blade speed caused by reduced centrifugal force, leading the elastic telescopic assemblies that link to the support shaft assemblies automatically return to the original length to increase the true value of the wind turbine which is advantageous to start with the breeze.

Description

Vertical axis wind turbine with increased rotation diameter

The invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine capable of increasing a rotating diameter, in particular to a vertical axis wind turbine capable of changing a rotating radius of a wind turbine blade according to different wind speeds.

The wind energy characteristics of the vertical axis wind turbine are that it does not need to be adjusted for the wind direction, so it is especially suitable for installation in wind farm environments with high turbulence and multi-wind direction changes, because the standard or urban wind field may be turbulent when the fan is running. The flow causes low wind speed (below the starting wind speed), which makes the wind turbine unable to run smoothly. In order to increase the starting characteristics, various types of size sweeping area are usually designed according to the use requirements, and the fan is designed to have a lower real value (solidity). ) to ensure that the fan can be started at low wind speeds; however, in actual applications, the wind field may also encounter instantaneous strong gusts or high-intensity turbulence, causing the fan to rotate too fast and exceed the original design load.

In order to improve the above-mentioned defects, in the patent of US 6,972,498 B2 "Variable diameter wind turbine rotor blades", the technical features of modifying the continuous variation geometry of the blade into a variable multi-segment telescopic form are disclosed, but in practical applications, the above structure will be Structural vibration due to large changes in aerodynamic forces.

In addition, in the US 8459937 B2 "Unity wind power plant with vertical axis of rotation" patent case, the technical means for controlling the rotation radius of the fan by using the active hydraulic mechanism to control the scissors type linkage mechanism is disclosed, but the design is operated. The electric energy required by the hydraulic press must be provided externally, and the scissor-type linkage mechanism causes aerodynamic drag during operation, resulting in a lack of application.

In the patent of US 20140167414 A1 "Variable diameter and angle vertical axis turbine", it is disclosed that the wind turbine is used to close the fan at a high wind speed to achieve the effect of destroying the aerodynamic flow field and reducing the fan speed. However, its overall mechanical design is extremely complicated, and it is not easy to be aerodynamic design.

In the WO 2005017351 A1 "Variable diameter rotor" patent, a technical means for changing the radius of the fan blade at varying wind speeds is disclosed; however, such a structure will cause a wake effect of the discontinuous surface and form aerodynamic noise.

In WO 2013114402 A2 "Variable circumferance of blades for vertical axis wind turbine" patent, a mechanism for changing the radius of rotation of a vertical axis blade by means of a screw mechanism is disclosed; however, it can only be operated before the fan is operated, and the blade is fixed after adjustment. Running under the condition of the radius of rotation, it is not possible to automatically adjust the radius of rotation of the blade when the fan is running.

In addition, in the "Design of a vertical-axis wind turbine: how the aspect ratio affects the turbine's perfo" article published in the "International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineerin" journal on August 2, 2014, the vertical axis fan is disclosed. In the flat and wide structure, the thinner and higher structure can provide more power generation and better conversion efficiency.

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the fan blade rotation radius adjusting mechanism, the inventors have made research on the improvement of these disadvantages, and finally the present invention has been produced.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a vertical axis wind turbine capable of increasing the diameter of rotation, which is respectively provided with at least one fulcrum assembly facing the central axis on each blade of the vertical axis wind turbine, and at each fulcrum assembly and center An elastic expansion and contraction assembly is respectively arranged between the shafts, and the centrifugal force generated by each blade when operating at a rated speed exceeds the elastic expansion and contraction components, which can drive the respective axle assemblies to extend their lengths as the blade rotation speed increases, thereby increasing each The radius of rotation of the blade from the central axis is based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Increasing the radius of rotation will cause the speed to decrease. This can change the conversion efficiency of the wind turbine in response to changes in aerodynamic forces, avoiding the high-speed operation of the blade and causing damage to the fan. Maintain stable speed and output power characteristics.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical axis wind turbine capable of increasing the diameter of rotation, which can further include an elastic expansion mechanism similar to the elastic expansion and contraction assembly inside the support shaft assembly, and utilize the support shaft assembly and elastic expansion and contraction. The components are simultaneously subjected to centrifugal force to separately produce length changes, so that the rotation radius of each blade has a more obvious increase and decrease, thereby achieving a wider range of speed adjustment and stabilization effects.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical axis wind turbine capable of increasing the diameter of rotation, which increases the overall shape of the vertical axis wind turbine after the radius of rotation of each blade is increased, thereby improving the wind energy conversion efficiency. In the process of reducing the rotational speed and the amount of power generation due to the increase in the rotational diameter caused by the strong gust, the reduced aerodynamic rotational speed efficiency may be generated by the flattened structure to supplement the reduced power generation to further stabilize the power generation.

In order to achieve the above object and effect, the technical means adopted by the present invention include: a central axis extending from the standing, connected to a generator at one end; and a plurality of blades arranged at equal intervals on the outer peripheral side of the central axis; The shaft assembly is respectively coupled to each of the blades at one end, and the other end of each of the support shaft assemblies extends toward the central axis; the plurality of elastic expansion and contraction assemblies are respectively disposed at equal intervals on the outer peripheral side of the central shaft, and each elastic expansion and contraction assembly Attached to one end of each of the fulcrum assemblies away from each of the blades, each of the elastic telescopic assemblies drives the fulcrum assemblies to produce a change in tension by the centrifugal force generated when the blades rotate, so that the rotation radii of the blades from the central axis can follow As the rotational speed increases, the shaft assembly automatically returns to the original collapse position when the rotational speed of the blade decreases and the centrifugal force decreases.

According to the above structure, each of the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies has an outer sleeve, and the outer sleeves are radially spaced on the outer peripheral side of the central shaft, and each of the outer sleeves is provided with an axial reciprocating a movable piston and an elastic member coupled to one end of each of the fulcrum assemblies away from each of the blades, the elastic member having an end abutting against the piston, and the other end of the elastic member abutting against the outer sleeve One side of each blade is internal.

According to the above structure, the support shaft assembly is a support shaft having a fixed length.

According to the above structure, a damping member is disposed on a side of the outer sleeve facing the central axis of the piston, and the damping member is capable of forming a hysteresis for the movement of the piston.

According to the above structure, each of the support shaft assemblies has an inner sleeve, and each inner sleeve extends into the outer sleeve at one end and is respectively coupled to each piston, and the other end of each inner sleeve extends to the outer sleeve. In addition to the cylinder, an inner piston capable of reciprocating axially and an inner elastic member are respectively disposed in each inner sleeve, and the inner piston is coupled to each blade via a shaft, and the inner elastic member is end-to-end with The inner piston has the other end of the inner elastic member abutting against the inner sleeve toward the inner side of each of the vanes.

According to the above structure, the inner sleeve is provided with an inner damping member on a side of the inner piston facing the piston, and the inner damping member is capable of forming a hysteresis for the movement of the inner piston.

In order to achieve a more specific understanding of the above objects, effects and features of the present invention, the following figures are illustrated as follows:

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, it is understood that the main structure of the first embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 and a plurality of support shaft assemblies 2; wherein each of the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 is disposed at equal intervals on a vertical axis of wind The machine A has an outer peripheral side of the central axis A1 extending upright, and the central axis A1 is coupled to a generator A2 at one end, and a plurality of blades A3 are disposed on the outer peripheral side of the central axis A1, and the plurality of support shaft assemblies 2 are respectively coupled at one end. The other end of each of the support shaft assemblies 2 is coupled to each of the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 on each of the blades A3.

When the blades A3 are rotated to a rated speed or higher, centrifugal force can be generated on each of the elastic expansion units 1 via the respective shaft assemblies 2, so that the elastic expansion units 1 drive the respective shaft assemblies 2 to change the length. When the blades A3 are interlocked to change the distance from the central axis A1 (ie, the radius of rotation of each blade A3), the faster the rotational speed of each blade A3 is, the larger the centrifugal force acting on each elastic expansion and contraction assembly 1 is, so that the elastic expansion and contraction assembly 1 The longer the extension length of each of the support shaft assemblies 2 is, the larger the radius of rotation of each blade A3 is. According to the principle of conservation of angular momentum (m*r*Vt=constant), the rotation speed of each blade A3 is lowered, thereby It can effectively avoid the situation that the rotation speed of each blade A3 exceeds the original design load due to the instantaneous strong gust or high-intensity turbulence, so as to maintain the stable blade A3 rotation speed and output power; and when the blade A3 rotation speed decreases, the centrifugal force is generated. When reduced, each elastic expansion and contraction assembly 1 can drive each of the axle assemblies 2 to automatically retract and retract to utilize a shorter rotation. Generating real-valued high radius (SOLIDITY), facilitate start breeze.

In a possible embodiment, each of the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 has an outer sleeve 11 , and the outer sleeves 11 are radially spaced on the outer peripheral side of the central axis A1 , and are disposed in the outer sleeves 11 . A piston 12 and an elastic member 13 capable of reciprocating axially are respectively provided; and the support shaft assembly 2 is a single shaft having a fixed length, and the end of the support shaft assembly 2 away from each of the blades A3 is extended into the outer shaft. The sleeve 11 is connected to the piston 12, and the elastic member 13 is abutted against the piston 12 at one end, and the other end of the elastic member 13 is abutted against the inner side of the outer sleeve 11 toward the side of each blade A3. A damping element 14 is provided between the piston 12 and the central axis A1 in the outer sleeve 11, and the damping element 14 can form a hysteresis for the movement of the piston 12.

The above structure is supported by the elastic force of the elastic member 13 in an initial state, and the support shaft assembly 2 can be folded into the outer sleeve 11 so that each blade A3 and the central axis A1 have an original length L1; After the blades A3 are rotated to a certain rotation speed, the centrifugal force F1 generated by the blades A3 can be applied to the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 (compressing the elastic members 13) via the support shaft assembly 2, and at this time, there is a between the blades A3 and the central axis A1. An extension length L2 greater than the original length L1.

In practical application, when the rotational speed of each blade A3 is kept below the rated rotational speed, it does not generate sufficient centrifugal force F1 to compress the elastic element 13, and the original length L1 of each blade A3 and the central axis A1 (ie, each blade A3) The shortest radius of rotation) produces a higher real value (SOLIDITY) to facilitate start-up during breeze and maintain rated output power when wind is sufficient.

When the strong gusts or high-intensity turbulence causes the blades A3 to rotate at a high speed instantaneously, the large centrifugal force F1 generated by each of the blades A3 acts on each of the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 via the respective pivot assemblies 2 and compresses the elastic members 13. The fulcrum assembly 2 extends outwardly from the elastic telescopic assembly 1; according to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, the larger the radius of rotation reduces the rotational speed of each blade A3, so when the external wind speed exceeds a preset rating, The longer extension length L2 will reduce the rotational speed of each blade A3, so as to effectively avoid the situation that the speed of each blade A3 is too fast and exceeds the original design load due to the instantaneous strong gust or high-intensity turbulence; however, due to the radius of rotation of each blade A3 The increase also flattens the structure of the wind turbine, so that the wind turbine has better aerodynamic efficiency to compensate for the downward trend of the power generation caused by the decrease of the rotational speed of each blade A3, so that the stable rotational speed can be achieved at the same time. With the power of output power.

When the external wind force is weakened below the rated value, the rotation speed of each of the blades A3 is lowered to cause the centrifugal force F1 to decrease to the inability to compress the elastic member 13, and the elastic members 13 can drive the fulcrum assembly 2 to completely collapse. In the outer sleeve 11, the blade A3 and the central axis A1 are returned to the original length L1.

Referring to Figures 4 to 5, it is understood that the main structure of the second embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of fulcrum assemblies 3, and the same plurality of elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 as the first embodiment; wherein each of the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 The outer peripheral side of the central axis A1 extending upright on a vertical axis wind turbine B is equally spaced, and the central axis A1 is connected to a generator A2 at one end, and a plurality of blades A3 are disposed on the outer peripheral side of the central axis A1. The fulcrum assemblies 3 each have an inner sleeve 31. The inner sleeves 31 extend into the outer sleeve 11 at one end and are coupled to the pistons 12. The other end of each inner sleeve 31 extends to the outer sleeve. In addition, an inner piston 32 and an inner elastic member 33 capable of reciprocating axially are respectively disposed in each inner sleeve 31. The inner piston 32 is coupled to each blade A3 via a shaft 35, and the inner elastic member 33 is abutted against the inner piston 32 at one end, and the other end of the inner elastic member 33 abuts against the inner side of the inner sleeve 31 toward the side of each blade A3; and the inner sleeve 31 The inner piston 32 and the piston 12 needs to follow is provided between an inner damping element 34, damping element 34 within the line may be formed within the hysteresis effect on the activities of the piston 32.

In operation, in the initial state, the inner sleeve 31 can be engaged in the outer sleeve 11 by the elastic support of the elastic member 13 and the inner elastic member 33, and the support shaft 35 is engaged with The inner sleeve 31 has an original length L3 between the blades A3 and the central axis A1. When the blades A3 are rotated to a certain rotational speed, the centrifugal force F2 generated by the blades A3 can be applied to the respective axle assemblies 3 via the support shafts 35. (compressing the inner elastic member 33), and then interlocking the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies 1 (compressing the elastic member 13) via the respective pivot assemblies 3, and at this time, each of the blades A3 and the central axis A1 has a larger than the original length L3. Stretch length L4.

In the above configuration, the design of the support shaft assembly 3 and the elastic expansion unit 1 which can be simultaneously expanded and contracted, in addition to making the respective blades A3 have a large (compared to the first embodiment), can also utilize the elastic force. The element 13 and the inner elastic element 33 are designed to have different elastic coefficients, and each of the blades A3 can have elastic expansion and contraction characteristics corresponding to different centrifugal forces F2 to meet the demand difference of various occasions.

The main features of the present invention are as follows: 1. The passive mechanism design eliminates the need for an external power supply and control system, and is not only low in cost, but also relatively simple in structure and difficult to be faulty, and it is easy to ensure better product quality. 2. It is driven by the centrifugal force of the blade. It is easy to quickly estimate the centrifugal load through the rated design speed and the weight of the blade. The matching spring element is selected. The overall design is simple and can effectively reduce the design time. 3. When the blade rotation speed is below the rated value, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the blade is not enough to make the elastic expansion and contraction assembly act, which can keep the rotation radius of the blade to be the shortest, and the real number (SOLIDITY) is kept the maximum, which is not only beneficial to the breeze start, but also Allows the blade to maintain its rated speed at the rated wind speed. SOLIDITY=N*L/(PI*D) (ratio of blade section length to swirling circumference) 4. When the blade exceeds the rated operating speed due to the momentary strong gust, the overall centrifugal force can pass F=m*r* W2 operation, according to which an appropriate elastic element can be selected to absorb the centrifugal force; and after the elastic element is compressed and balanced, the radius of rotation of the blade can be increased, and the angular momentum is conserved (m*r*Vt=constant Under the conditions, the blade will reduce the speed, which can avoid the damage of the generator caused by excessive blade speed. 5. At the moment when the blade reduces the rotational speed, since the radius of rotation also increases, the overall structure of the wind turbine is flattened, so that the sweeping area can be increased to enhance the wind energy capture amount kW and improve the wind energy conversion efficiency Cp, thereby making up for the cause. When the speed is reduced and the power generation is reduced, the stable power output is achieved. 6. When the wind speed returns to below the rated value after the strong gust is over, the rotation of the blade drops below the rated speed, and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the blade is not enough to compress the elastic element, so the radius of rotation of the blade automatically returns to Original design length.

In summary, the present invention can increase the rotational diameter of the vertical axis wind turbine can achieve the effect of changing the blade rotation radius of the vertical axis wind turbine according to different wind speeds, in order to maintain the stable speed and output power, which is a novelty and progress. The invention of the invention is filed in accordance with the law; however, the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the invention, and the variations, modifications, alterations or equivalent substitutions of the technical means and scope of the invention are extended. It is also within the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

1‧‧‧Flexible expansion and contraction components

11‧‧‧Outer sleeve

12‧‧‧Piston

13‧‧‧Flexible components

14‧‧‧damage element

2, 3‧‧‧ shaft assembly

31‧‧‧Inner sleeve

32‧‧‧ inner piston

33‧‧‧Internal elastic components

34‧‧‧Inner damping element

35‧‧‧ Support shaft

A, B‧‧‧ vertical axis wind turbine

A1‧‧‧ central axis

A2‧‧‧ generator

A3‧‧‧ leaves

F1, F2‧‧‧ centrifugal force

L1, L3‧‧‧ original length

L2, L4‧‧‧ stretch length

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a three-dimensional structure of a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view and a partial cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a view showing the change of the radius of rotation during the operation of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a plan view and a partial cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a view showing the change of the radius of rotation during the operation of the second embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (6)

A vertical axis wind turbine capable of increasing a rotating diameter, comprising at least a central axis extending at an upright end, coupled to a generator at one end; a plurality of blades disposed at equal intervals on an outer peripheral side of the central shaft; a plurality of axle assemblies, Each end is coupled to each of the blades at one end, and the other end of each of the fulcrum assemblies extends toward the central axis; a plurality of elastic expansion and contraction assemblies are respectively disposed at equal intervals on the outer peripheral side of the central shaft, and the elastic expansion and contraction components are coupled to each other Each of the fulcrum assemblies is remote from one end of each of the blades, and each of the elastically-elastic components drives the fulcrum assemblies to produce a change in tension by the centrifugal force generated when the blades rotate, so that the radius of rotation of each blade from the central axis can follow the rotational speed. Increase and increase, and when the rotation speed of the blade is reduced to reduce the centrifugal force, each of the spindle assemblies automatically returns to the original folding position. The vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein each of the elastic expansion and contraction assemblies has an outer sleeve, and the outer sleeves are equally spaced and radially disposed on the central shaft. On the outer circumference side, an axially reciprocable piston and an elastic member are respectively disposed in each outer sleeve, and the piston is coupled to one end of each of the support shaft assemblies away from each of the blades, and the elastic member is abutted against the piston at one end. And the other end of the elastic member abuts against the inner side of the outer sleeve facing each blade. A vertical axis wind turbine capable of increasing a rotational diameter as described in claim 2, wherein the fulcrum assembly is a fulcrum having a fixed length. A vertical axis wind turbine capable of increasing a rotating diameter as described in claim 2, wherein a damping element is disposed on a side of the outer sleeve facing the central axis of the piston, the damping element being capable of the piston The activity forms a hysteresis. The vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 2, wherein each of the pivot shaft assemblies has an inner sleeve, and each inner sleeve protrudes into the outer sleeve at one end and is respectively coupled to the outer shaft sleeve. Each piston, the other end of each inner sleeve extends outside the outer sleeve, and an inner piston and an inner elastic member capable of reciprocating axially are respectively disposed in each inner sleeve, and the inner piston is connected via a The shaft is coupled to each of the blades, the inner elastic member abutting against the inner piston at one end, and the other end of the inner elastic member abutting against the inner side of the inner sleeve toward each of the blades. The vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 5, wherein the inner sleeve is provided with an inner damping element on a side of the inner piston facing the piston, and the inner damping element is capable of The activity of the inner piston forms a hysteresis.