TW201615978A - Device of passively modulating blade inclination of small vertical-axis wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

A device of small vertical-axis wind turbine is provided to passively modulate blade inclination. The device comprises a body with a spindle; a plurality of beams; a plurality of blades; and a modulation unit. The beams are connected with the spindle. The blades are actively connected with the beams. The modulation unit is connected with the spindle, the beams and the blades. By changing the angle of the blades through the present invention, the initial torque of the wind turbine can be reduced for launching the wind turbine at a low wind speed. Yet, at a high wind speed, the wind turbine can enlarge the inclination angles of the blades to decrease twisting moments of the blades with the speed of the wind turbine further reduced for continually operating the wind turbine at a rated speed. Thus, the present invention increases the cut-out wind speed, the operating wind speed range and the power-generating capacity of the wind turbine.

Description

Passive blade inclination adjusting device for small vertical axis wind turbine

The invention relates to a passive vertical blade inclination adjusting device for a small vertical axis wind power generator, in particular to an effect of improving the cutting wind speed of the wind power generator and increasing the operating wind speed range of the wind turbine to increase the power generation amount of the wind turbine. .

From the energy point of view, the wind turbine mainly uses the kinetic energy of the blade to draw the airflow to be converted into mechanical rotational energy through the rotor, and then uses the generator to convert the rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy. Since the wind speed and wind direction of the wind field have changed over time, the output of the generator is unstable. When the wind speed is low, the generator speed is too slow to make the system unable to pump; if the wind speed is too high, the speed is too fast, and the rated output of the generator is too much, which is easy to cause damage to the generator. In order to operate the fan at rated power, Control the fan rotor speed not to exceed the rated speed, and can continue to operate to increase power generation.

As far as the fan blade connection method is concerned, it can be divided into two devices: a fixed inclination angle and a variable inclination angle. Generally, a fixed angle dip wind turbine uses a blade type to change the angle of attack at a higher wind speed, and is aerodynamically diverted or stalled to reduce the efficiency, and the output power is limited to a certain range, which is called a Stall Regulation. The stall control is an earlier design and only a compromised output curve can be obtained.

A wind turbine with variable pitch blades can automatically adjust the inclination to match the wind speed to obtain a better output curve, called the Pitch Regulation. At high wind speeds, the inclination of the blades can be adjusted to reduce the thrust of the wind and avoid excessive output; it can also reduce the wind speed at which the fan starts.

Excluding the active blade modulation protection design, the passive mechanical modulation protection device of the existing fan implies the following disadvantages:

1. The structure is complex;

2. Assembly is not easy;

3. It is easier to increase the structural load of the body (affecting the life and safety of the machine);

4. Insufficient structural strength.

In view of the fact that most of the blades of large wind turbines have a variable inclination design, the control uses active feedback control, and the inclination of the fan is adjusted in a timely manner by the anemometer and the tachometer. However, in the design of small vertical axis fans, due to cost considerations, most of them use the method of stall control to design the blades and mechanisms. However, the fan designed in this way can not get the best efficiency at different wind speeds. The design of the small vertical axis wind turbine cannot meet the needs of the user in actual use.

The main object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems encountered in the prior art and to provide a change in the inclination angle of the blade to change the angle of attack, thereby reducing the lift coefficient, thereby reducing the torque of the driving spindle to achieve power generation at high wind speeds. The power will maintain a passive blade pitch modulation device operating under the pre-current power.

A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a passive blade pitch modulation device that reduces the startup wind speed to increase the power generation at low wind speeds.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a passive blade tilt modulation that achieves the operation mode without requiring extra power, simple structure, easy assembly, convenient maintenance, low manufacturing cost, small space occupation, and no need to change the structure of the wind turbine body. Device.

For the purpose of the above, the present invention is a passive vertical blade pitch modulation device for a small vertical axis wind turbine, which comprises at least a base to which a main shaft is coupled, and a first spindle fixing piece is fixed on the upper and lower portions of the main shaft. And a second spindle fixing piece; a plurality of connecting beams fixedly connected with the main shaft, comprising an upper connecting beam and a lower connecting beam; a plurality of blades being movably coupled with the connecting beams; and a modulation mechanism Connecting with the main shaft, each connecting beam and each blade, a spring fixing block, an annular sliding block and a spring are disposed in the main shaft, and the two ends of the spring respectively abut against the spring fixing block and the ring sliding Block, the spring fixing block is connected with a plurality of balance weight rods, each of the balance weight rods is connected with a first push rod and a second push rod, and the first push rod is connected to the annular slider, The second push rod is connected to a slider and a third push rod, and is connected to a blade by the third push rod.

In the above embodiment of the invention, the base is locked to the wind turbine tower.

In the above embodiment of the present invention, the main axis has four levels, which are a first level, a second level, a third level, and a fourth level, and the radius of each level is reduced from bottom to top, with a radius of the first level. The second spindle has a minimum radius, and the first spindle fixing piece is locked to the first level, the spring fixing block is locked to the second level, and the second spindle fixing piece is locked to the third level.

In the above embodiment of the present invention, the lower connecting beam is locked to the first spindle fixing piece, and the blade is connected to the lower connecting beam and the third pushing rod.

In the above embodiment of the present invention, the upper connecting beam is locked to the second spindle fixing piece, and the blade is connected to the upper connecting beam.

In the above embodiment of the invention, the annular slider and the spring are passed through the main shaft to form a pair of sliders therewith.

In the above embodiment of the present invention, the end of the balance weight bar is provided with a thread, and the required weight of the weight is locked according to the weight requirement.

In the above embodiment of the present invention, the lower connecting beam is provided with a sliding slot for providing the slider to move thereon.

1‧‧‧Base

11‧‧‧ Spindle

12‧‧‧First spindle fixing piece

13‧‧‧Second spindle fixing piece

2‧‧‧Connecting beam

21‧‧‧Upper connecting beam

22‧‧‧Lower connecting beam

23‧‧‧Chute

3‧‧‧ leaves

4‧‧‧Transformation agency

41‧‧‧Spring fixed block

42‧‧‧Ring slider

43‧‧‧ Spring

44‧‧‧ Balance weight rod

441‧‧‧ rod body

442‧‧‧weights

45‧‧‧First putt

46‧‧‧Second putter

47‧‧‧ Slider

48‧‧‧ Third putter

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the front view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the unactivated state of the modulation mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the activation state of the modulation mechanism of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the low wind energy extraction rate of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the high wind energy extraction rate of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 for a schematic view of the appearance of the present invention, a schematic view of the front view of the present invention, a schematic view of the unactivated state of the modulation mechanism of the present invention, and a schematic diagram of the activation state of the modulation mechanism of the present invention. The schematic diagram of the low wind energy extraction rate of the present invention and the high wind energy extraction rate of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the present invention is a passive vertical blade pitch modulation device for a small vertical axis wind turbine, which comprises at least a base 1, a plurality of connecting beams 2, a plurality of blades 3, and a modulation mechanism. 4 constitutes.

The base 1 can be locked to the wind turbine tower, and a main shaft 11 is connected to the base shaft 11. A first spindle fixing piece 12 and a second spindle fixing piece 13 are respectively fixed on the upper part and the lower part of the main shaft 11.

The plurality of connecting beams 2 are fixedly connected to the main shaft 11 and include an upper connecting beam 21 and a lower connecting beam 22, and a sliding groove 23 is disposed on the lower connecting beam.

The plurality of blades 3 are movably coupled to the connecting beams 2.

The modulating mechanism 4 is connected to the main shaft 11, the connecting beam 2 and the blades 3, and a spring fixing block 41, an annular sliding block 42 and a spring 43 are disposed in the main shaft 11. The end of the balance weighting block 41 is connected to the annular fixed block 41, and the spring fixing block 41 is connected with a plurality of balance weight rods 44. The rod body 441 of each balance weight rod 44 is connected with a first push rod 45. And a second push rod 46, wherein the first push rod 45 is connected to the annular slider 42, and the second push rod 46 is connected to a slider 47 and a third push rod 48, and is connected by the third The push rod 48 is connected to a blade 3.

The main shaft 11 has four stages, which are a first level, a second level, a third level, and a fourth level, and the radius of each level is reduced from bottom to top, and the radius of the first level of the main axis is the largest. The first spindle fixing piece 12 is locked to the first level, and the lower connecting beam 22 is locked to the first spindle fixing piece. The blade 3 is further transmitted through the rotating pair and the lower connecting beam 22 and the third pushing rod. 48 connections.

The second level of the main axis is second to the radius, the spring fixing block 41 is locked to the second level, and is connected to the balance weight rod 44 through a rotating pair; the balance weight rod 44 is connected to the first push rod 45 through a rotating pair And the second push rod 46, the first push rod 45 is connected to the annular slider 42 through a rotating pair, and the annular slider 42 and the spring 43 pass through the main shaft 11 to form a slider pair with the main shaft 11; The end of the balance weight bar 44 is threaded to lock a different number of weights 442 (such as nuts) to achieve different weights; the slider 47 transmits the pair of rotations and the second pusher respectively 46 and the third push rod 48 are connected. The third push rod 48 is connected to the vane 3 through a pair of rotations. The slider 47 can be moved by the slider 47 at the chute 23 of the lower connecting beam 22.

The third level radius of the main shaft 11 is smaller than the second level radius, and the fourth level radius of the main shaft 11 is the smallest. The second spindle fixing piece 13 is locked to the third level, and the upper connecting beam 21 is locked to the second spindle fixing piece 13, and the blade 3 is connected to the upper connecting beam 21 by the rotating pair.

Therefore, each of the blades 3 is connected to the upper connecting beam 21, the lower connecting beam 22 and the third push rod 48 through a rotating pair. The first spindle fixing piece 12, the second spindle fixing piece 13 and the spring fixing block 41 are all locked on the main shaft 11, and the spring 43 and the annular sliding block 42 both form a slider through the main shaft 11. Correct. If so, a new type of small vertical axis wind turbine passive blade pitch modulation device is constructed by the above disclosed structure.

When the present invention is in operation, since the weight 442 rotates in a circular motion with the rotation of the main shaft 11, in addition to the gravity of the weight 442 itself, centrifugal force is generated due to the circular motion, and the spring fixing block 41 is the center of rotation. Both gravity and centrifugal force generate a rotational moment for the balance weight bar 44. As shown in Fig. 3, if the angle between the balance weight bar 44 and the main shaft 11 is fixed, the force of gravity generated by the balance weight bar 44 is maintained constant, but if the ambient wind speed becomes large, the rotation of the blade 3 is taken. As the torque becomes larger, the rotational speed of the main shaft 11 becomes larger, and the centrifugal force generates a larger torque to the balance weight bar 44. As shown in FIG. 4, when the torque exceeds the spring 43, the spring slides through the annular slider 42 and the first push rod 45. When the moment is brought, the angle of the balance weight bar 44 and the main shaft 11 becomes larger, so that the balance weight bar 44 can push the second push rod 46, and the second push rod 46 pushes the slider 47 again at the lower connecting beam 22. The chute 23 slides outward, and the slider 47 pushes the third push rod 48 outward, so that the tilting of the vane 3 becomes larger.

The same principle, as shown in Fig. 3, if the ambient wind speed becomes smaller, the rotational torque generated by the kinetic energy of the blade 3 becomes smaller, the rotational speed of the spindle 11 becomes smaller, and the torque generated by the centrifugal force on the balance weight bar 44 becomes smaller. When the moment is smaller than the moment caused by the spring 43 passing through the annular slider 42 and the first push rod 45, the angle of the balance weight rod 44 and the main shaft 11 becomes smaller, and thus the balance weight rod 44 can pull the second The push rod 46, the second push rod 46 pulls the slider 47 to slide inward on the sliding groove 23 of the lower connecting beam 22, and the slider 47 pulls the third push rod 48 to rotate inward, so that the tilting of the vane 3 becomes smaller.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, before the protection mechanism of the modulation mechanism 4 is activated, the windward angle of each blade 3 is maintained in a direction in which the wind energy extraction efficiency is high, that is, the initial angle of each blade 3 is received. After the strong wind pulls the high speed, the windward direction of each blade 3 is changed to the low picking efficiency angle position, and therefore the speed of each blade 3 will be rapidly reduced to protect the generator. As shown in FIG. 5, when the modulation mechanism 4 is not activated, the centrifugal force induced by each transmission element is not enough to overcome the resistance of the spring 43, that is, the wind turbine may remain stationary or at a low speed state. The first push rod 45 and the annular slide 42 of each transmission element are at the top dead center position, and each of the blades 3 is maintained at the initial position, that is, the windward angle of the high wind energy extraction efficiency. On the other hand, in the sixth figure, the rotation speed of each blade 3 is too high. Since the total centrifugal force induced by each transmission element exceeds the resistance of the spring 43, the balance weight bar 44 starts to oscillate in the direction of the blade 3, and the ring is slipped. The block 42 moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and simultaneously drives the first push rod 45 and the balance weight rod 44, pushes the second push rod 46 outward, and then pushes the third push rod 48 through the slider 47. The blade 3 begins to rotate. After the wind condition is moderated, since the spring position stored by the spring 43 can be higher than the centrifugal effect, the annular slider 42 will automatically return to the top dead center position, thereby driving the first push rod 45 and the balance weight rod 44. The second push rod 46, the third push rod 48 and each of the vanes 3 return to the initial position.

In order to improve the operating efficiency of the fan, the invention designs a passive blade inclination adjusting device for a small vertical axis wind turbine, and the achievable effects thereof include:

1. The speed can be reduced when the speed exceeds the rated power generation.

Second, reduce the starting wind speed to increase the power generation at low wind speed.

The most important purpose of the passive blade inclination modulation device is the control of the rotational speed. When the wind speed is so large that the rotational speed exceeds the rated power of the power generation, if no control is made, the generator will be burnt; after the device is changed, the inclination of the blade is attacked. The angle also changes, which can reduce the lift coefficient and reduce the torque for driving the spindle. Compared with the conventional stall control device, the advantage of the passive blade tilt device of the present invention is that the power generation is maintained under the pre-power when the wind speed is high. The stall control device has a problem of reduced power generation.

The ultimate goal of the passive blade pitch modulation device is to reduce the starting wind speed to increase the power generation at low wind speed. Since the wind speed and the speed of the wind turbine blades are constantly changing, the relative speed of the wind and the blades and their angle of attack are also In the change, it is known from the aerodynamics that the lift coefficient is related to the angle of attack. In order to obtain higher energy conversion efficiency at a lower wind speed, the angle of the blade should be appropriately rotated, so that a suitable angle of attack can be obtained, and the lift can be improved. Coefficient to maintain the power generation function and efficiency of the wind turbine. The operation mode does not require extra power, the structure is simple, the assembly is easy, the maintenance is convenient, the production cost is low, the space is small, and the structure of the wind turbine body structure is not required to be changed.

In summary, the present invention is a passive vertical blade inclination adjusting device for a small vertical axis wind turbine, which can effectively improve various disadvantages of the conventional use, and the blade inclination angle can be reduced by the device to reduce the starting torque of the wind power generator, so that the wind turbine is at a low wind speed. The lower part can be started, and the fan can change the blade inclination angle to make the angular position become larger at a higher wind speed, and the torsion moment of the blade becomes smaller, thereby reducing the generator rotation speed, so that the wind power generator maintains the rated speed and continues to operate, Increasing the wind speed of the wind turbine to increase the operating wind speed range of the wind turbine to increase the power generation capacity of the wind turbine, thereby making the invention more progressive, more practical, and more in line with the needs of the user. The requirements for the invention patent application, and the patent application is filed according to law.

However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; therefore, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the present invention and the contents of the invention are modified. All should remain within the scope of the invention patent.

1‧‧‧Base

11‧‧‧ Spindle

12‧‧‧First spindle fixing piece

13‧‧‧Second spindle fixing piece

2‧‧‧Connecting beam

21‧‧‧Upper connecting beam

22‧‧‧Lower connecting beam

23‧‧‧Chute

3‧‧‧ leaves

4‧‧‧Transformation agency

41‧‧‧Spring fixed block

42‧‧‧Ring slider

43‧‧‧ Spring

44‧‧‧ Balance weight rod

441‧‧‧ rod body

442‧‧‧weights

45‧‧‧First putt

46‧‧‧Second putter

47‧‧‧ Slider

48‧‧‧ Third putter

Claims (7)

[Item 1] A passive vertical blade inclination adjusting device for a small vertical axis wind turbine includes:
a base, a main shaft is connected thereto, and a first spindle fixing piece and a second spindle fixing piece are respectively fixed on the upper part and the lower part of the main shaft;
a plurality of connecting beams fixedly connected to the main shaft, comprising an upper connecting beam and a lower connecting beam;
a plurality of blades are coupled to the connecting beams for movement; and a modulation mechanism is coupled to the main shaft, the connecting beams and the blades, and a spring fixing block and an annular sliding block are disposed in the main shaft a spring, the two ends of the spring respectively abut against the spring fixing block and the annular slider, the spring fixing block is connected with a plurality of balance weight rods, and the rod of each balance weight rod is connected with a first push rod and a second push rod, wherein the first push rod is connected to the annular slider, the second push rod is connected with a slider and a third push rod, and the third push rod is connected with a blade .
[Item 2] The passive blade pitch angle modulation device of the small vertical axis wind turbine according to Item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the base is locked on the wind turbine tower. [Item 3] The passive blade inclination adjusting device for a small vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the main shaft has four stages, namely, a first level, a second level, a third level, and a fourth level. The radius of each level is reduced from bottom to top, with the radius of the first level being the largest and the radius of the fourth level being the smallest, and the first spindle fixing piece is locked to the first level, and the spring fixing block is locked to the second The second spindle fixing piece is locked to the third level. [Item 4] The passive blade pitch angle modulation device of the small vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the lower connecting beam is locked to the first spindle fixing piece, the blade system and the lower connecting beam and the The third push rod is connected. [Item 5] The small vertical axis wind turbine passive blade pitch modulation device according to claim 1, wherein the upper connecting beam is locked to the second spindle fixing piece, and the blade is connected to the upper connecting beam. [Item 6] The small vertical axis wind turbine passive blade pitch modulation device according to claim 1, wherein the annular slider and the spring pass through the main shaft to form a slider pair therewith. [Item 7] The passive vane tilt modulation device of the small vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the end of the balance weight rod is provided with a thread, and the counterweight is required to lock the required number of weights. . [Item 8] The passive blade pitch angle modulation device for a small vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the lower connecting beam is provided with a sliding slot for moving the slider thereon.