TW201832851A - Ceramic face mill with circular arc profile for machining inconel - Google Patents

Abstract

A face mill includes a circular arc profile and is configured for machining Inconel. In particular the cutting portion is made of a ceramic material, and has an axial sub-edge with a positive axial rake angle [alpha] to increase tool life.

Description

Ceramic face milling cutter with arc-shaped profile for processing Anglo nickel alloy

The subject matter of this application relates to a ceramic face milling cutter having a circular arc profile and configured for processing a special material (specifically, an Inconel alloy).

Today, end mills are most commonly made of sintered carbide, which is attributed to a combination of factors, specifically the balance of roughness and toughness of the end mill, and a relatively cost effective price. This application relates to a ceramic face milling cutter. For decades, ceramics have been well known as one of the materials that can be used for machining, but (except for relatively small cutting inserts) because ceramics are relatively fragile and substantially better than materials such as cemented carbide. Other materials are more expensive and are rarely used. Due to the extremely high heat generated during processing that rapidly degrades a cutting tool, it is difficult to process certain special materials (such as Inconel). Therefore, these materials are usually processed at a low cutting speed (for example, about 25 m / min). For these materials, the disadvantages of the ceramics mentioned above are partly offset by the relatively higher temperature tolerance of a ceramic material than sintered carbides. This temperature quality is discussed in more detail in US 8,647,025, entitled "monolithic ceramic end mill". Regardless of the beneficial temperature quality, however, the ceramic end mill disclosed in US 8,647,025 reveals significant wear. For the sake of detail, even if it is stated here: "The end mill has been inspected and found to have small debris ..." (column 5, lines 47 and 48), the applicant indicates that those skilled in the art will understand, examples The amount of wear stated in the range (in the range of 0.16 mm to 0.40 mm) is not considered to be so-called "small debris". Conversely, the values given are significantly greater than the wear typically permitted by a similar diameter tool made of cemented carbide (diameter is 8 mm in this example). For example, for an 8 mm diameter sintered carbide end mill, the applicant's internal standard for acceptable wear is 0.08 mm, which is one and a half of the lowest wear example given (0.16 mm). Nevertheless, it is not surprising that relatively high abrasion is due to the known relatively fragile nature of ceramics. This application further relates to an end mill (ie, a face mill) dedicated to flat turning machining applications. The end mill is mainly processed with a cutting edge at a cutting end face rather than along the periphery of the end mill. More specifically, the present application is directed to a face milling cutter having a circular arc profile. Even if not explicitly stated, it will be understood that all face milling cutters belonging to the present application have a circular arc profile. Similarly, even if the word "ceramic" is not used, it will be understood that at least the cutting portion (even if not explicitly stated) of the face milling cutter is made of a ceramic material (or in other words "ceramic cutting portion" or a "ceramic face milling" Knife"). It will be understood that these statements refer to at least a ceramic substrate and that the cutting portion or the entire face milling cutter may have a non-ceramic coating. The face milling cutter presents an arc-shaped profile during rotation around a rotation axis and viewed in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis. For the purpose of the description and patent application, this will be referred to as a "contour view." The arc-shaped contour defines a part of a virtual circle. The circle has a circle center point, an axial tangent line and a radial tangent line, an axial tangent point and a radial tangent point, and a radius value that can be measured from the center point of the circle to the arc-shaped contour measurement. The axial tangent point is located at a point where the circle intersects with one of the axial tangent lines, which extends forward from a center point of the circle and in a direction parallel to a rotation axis of the face milling cutter. The radial tangent point is located at a point where the circle intersects one of the radial tangent lines that extends radially outward from the center point of the circle and in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis. To facilitate understanding, the cutting edge of one tooth of a face milling cutter can be divided into three sub-edges in theory, that is, an axial sub-edge located at a cutting end face of a face milling cutter and cutting along one of the side milling cutters. One of the parts is positioned around one of the radial sub-edges and one of the corner sub-edges extending from the axial sub-edge to the radial sub-edge. More precisely, a corner mule edge may be defined as extending from a radial tangent point to an axial tangent point, a radial sub-edge may be defined as extending from a radial tangent point in a direction away from the corner mule edge, and a The axial sub-edge may be defined as extending from the axial tangent point in a direction away from the corner rafter edge. An arcuate profile is exemplified in US 9,517,515, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. It will be understood that the circle and associated line, plane, tangent point, and radius magnitudes are fictitious and therefore invisible features on a face milling cutter can instead be deduced through the construction of the face milling cutter. This application is also about faces with mixed backlash (such as the applicant and its citations (i.e., National Aviation Standard 986 (1973; Order No. 55)) of US 8,858,128 and US 8,414,228 as examples of mixed backlash) Milling cutter. Given the disadvantageous nature of an end mill with a ceramic cutting section (at least in comparison to sintered carbides), a unique design is clearly needed to make this design economically feasible.

One of the first design considerations in this application is to provide a feasible end mill with a ceramic cutting section. Therefore, the type of end mill selected is a face mill which is uniquely suitable for ceramics for at least two reasons. The first reason is that if a relatively fragile ceramic end mill is frequently used along one of its peripheral surfaces, it is more likely to break. This is due not only to the expected bending forces, but also to the relatively high vibrations expected at the cutting speeds at which the ceramics have been found to be capable of operating. During testing, it was found that cutting speed has no significant effect on tool life and therefore cutting speeds may be above 300 m / min, which essentially depends on the maximum speed of the workstation (for example, the maximum speed available at the workstation (which is 600 m / min) perform the test, which results in a tool life equivalent to one test at 300 m / min). A second reason is the high cost of grinding the long grooves along the side of the end mill. Therefore, each aspect of this application is directed to a side milling cutter. Aspects elaborate on other independent advantageous features. According to a first aspect of one of the subject matter of the present application, a ceramic face milling cutter is provided which is configured to include a shank portion and a cutting portion; at least the cutting portion is made of a ceramic material and includes at least one tooth The at least one tooth includes an axial sub-edge having a positive axial tilt angle α. It will be understood that a cutting edge having a positive tilt angle provides a sharper edge for machining a workpiece than a cutting edge having a negative tilt angle. Although a positive inclination angle can be considered to cut a workpiece more smoothly, a positive inclination angle is more susceptible to wear and tear than a relatively blunt negative inclination angle cutting edge. It is for this reason that cutting edges with a negative tilt angle are used, that is, cutting edges where edge enhancement is desired. These negative tilt angles are also expected choices for fragile tool materials such as ceramics, as rapid wear is expected to occur. It will also be understood that throughout the scope of the application and patent application, when it is stated that the axial sub-edge has a positive axial tilt angle α, this means that the entire axial sub-edge has a positive axial tilt angle (although the angle itself can 0 or more). It will be understood that this application refers to a face milling cutter that performs machining primarily with axial sub-edges. However, when it is stated that one of the secondary sub-edges (i.e., the corner sub-edge or even the secondary radial sub-edge) has a specific angle of inclination, it is not implied that the entire corner sub-edge or radial sub-edge has It is one of positive or negative tilt angles, but attention should be paid to the clear position of the tilt angle. Since rapid wear has been expected when using a face milling cutter with a ceramic cutting portion, it has been theoretically and practically found that by incorporating an axial sub-edge (for flat surfaces with a positive axial tilt angle α) The main edge of turning applications) This edge will deteriorate rapidly. For a relatively sintered carbide face milling cutter, this deterioration (in other words, "wear") will result in a machinist intermittent machining after an extremely short period of time (and unacceptable tool life), as this deterioration is considered a tool failure. However, according to a new understanding, the current tool should be considered to be different from a sintered carbide face milling cutter in operation. The initial positive axial tilt angle α incorporates the following expectations: rapid wear does occur, but this wear will only Reduce the edges to a negative axial tilt angle geometry. Thus, by providing an initial positive axial tilt angle tool, the relative increase in life span exceeds the design of a face milling cutter, one of the features previously considered to be a more favorable negative tilt geometry. It will be understood that in this application (for example, in the first aspect stated above), when it is stated that an axial sub-edge has a positive axial tilt angle α, this refers to the first use Previous side milling cutter. It will be used for the first time by milling the Inconel at a sufficient length of time at the aforementioned cutting speeds of 300 m / min to 600 m / min (or at a higher speed, if a workstation can use it). A positive axial tilt angle α, which was previously presented, is transformed into a negative radial tilt angle by wear. It will be understood that, although the rapid failure of ceramic tools and their high cost seem to be the reason why these tools are rarely sold, by using knowledge that the edges are brittle and will wear quickly, the tools to extend ceramic tools have been found. One amazing method of tool life, that is, by using positive tilt angles and by changing the failure criteria known for sintered carbide tools. Specifically, instead of monitoring the wear of the ceramic face milling cutter, the workpiece itself is monitored when the fine machining of the area being processed becomes unacceptable. It will be understood that, although less used, a corner rafter edge is also used for plane turning applications and therefore the existence of this edge (at least adjacent to the axial rim) should also have one of the additional benefits of a positive rake angle. Conversely, a radial sub-edge is less utilized, and if a negative radial tilt angle λ is incorporated for average wear or at least reduced wear compared to the more frequently used axial and corner edges, then Can be even more advantageous. In view of the above explanation, according to a second aspect of the subject matter of the present application, a ceramic face milling cutter for processing an Anglo nickel workpiece is provided, and the face milling cutter is configured to surround a center The rotation axis A _R rotates, and the central rotation axis defines opposite axial forward directions D _F and axial backward directions D _R , and opposite rotational cutting directions D _P and subsequent rotational directions D _S. The face milling cutter includes: a tool A shank portion; and a cutting portion that extends forward from the shank portion to a cutting end surface; the cutting portion includes: an effective cutting length L _E ; a diameter _DE that is located at the cutting end surface; a plurality of teeth; And a backlash, which is located between each pair of adjacent teeth of the plurality of teeth; one of the plurality of teeth includes: an inclined surface; an clearance surface; and a cutting edge formed at the inclination The intersection of the surface and one of the relief surfaces; the cutting edge includes: an axial sub-edge located at the cutting end face; a radial sub-edge positioned along a periphery of the cutting portion; and a corner 隅Sub-edge from the axis The sub-edge extends to the radial sub-edge and defines a corner radius R _C ; wherein the entire face milling cutter: is made of a ceramic material; and has a single monolithic structure; and wherein the entire axial sub-edge has a positive Axial tilt angle α. According to a third aspect of the subject matter of the present application, there is provided a ceramic face milling cutter including a shank portion and a cutting portion; at least the cutting portion is made of a ceramic material and includes a curved inclined surface At least one tooth. Although it is relatively difficult and expensive to machine curved surfaces made of ceramic materials, it is theoretically believed that a curved inclined surface is better than the typical flat for hard-to-machine materials such as ceramics and superhard materials such as PCD and PCBN Inclined surface. According to a fourth aspect of one of the subject matter of the present application, a ceramic face milling cutter is provided, which includes a shank portion and a cutting portion; at least the cutting portion is made of a ceramic material and includes a plurality of teeth and is located in the A backlash between each pair of adjacent teeth of the plurality of teeth; each backlash between each pair of adjacent teeth is a unique backlash between the pair of teeth. Specifically, the backlash may be a mixed backlash. In view of the relatively difficult and costly processing of surfaces made of ceramic materials, it has been found that a cutting portion is feasible in which there is only a single backlash between each pair of teeth. In sintered carbide face milling cutters, there are usually two backlashes or at least one backlash that generally follows a slot. To elaborate, where a single backlash exists or when a claimed backlash is the only backlash between a pair of teeth, this means that the pair of teeth does not have a second backlash or is associated with it Slot. In contrast to the third aspect in which additional machining of the ceramic face milling cutter is performed to form a geometry that is considered to be advantageous, an additional machining step (that is, forming a second backlash or groove) is avoided here, so that it is possible to Minimize production steps. In other words, given the unique function of the ceramic cutting section, it has been found that a single backlash can be sufficient to produce acceptable machining performance. Due to the fragile nature of ceramics, the end mill is configured as a face mill with a relatively limited effective cutting length. Even if a longer cutting length was originally advantageous for material removal, it is still considered to be yet another limitation of a ceramic cutting section. Therefore, the face milling cutter may not have a groove or a second backlash which is considered to be particularly advantageous for a ceramic cutting portion. This configuration provides an unusual appearance in one end view of a cutting end face, and the entire cutting edge of a tooth is curved. According to a fifth aspect of one of the subject matter of the present application, a ceramic face milling cutter is provided, which includes a shank portion and a cutting portion; at least the cutting portion is made of a ceramic material and includes a plurality of teeth. Each of the teeth is located in front of the center. Although it is known to produce face milling cutters with teeth located in front of the center to assist in expelling debris, it should be noted that ceramic face milling cutters are capable of high-temperature operation and are therefore less important for eviction purposes for reducing thermal transfer. It should further be noted that this positioning misses the material at the center of the face milling cutter and therefore requires an additional grinding operation to remove the missing material. Nevertheless, in theory, the improved eviction is still better than the cost of an additional manufacturing step of a relatively expensive ceramic face milling cutter. According to a sixth aspect of one of the subject matter of the present application, a method for processing an Inconel workpiece is provided, which includes: providing a ceramic face milling cutter as in any of the previous aspects; and a distance greater than 300 m The surface of the Inconel workpiece is milled at a speed of 1 mm / min and within a length of time sufficient to convert the initial positive axial tilt angle to a negative axial tilt angle by wear. According to a seventh aspect of one of the subject matter of the present application, a method for processing an Anglo nickel alloy workpiece is provided, which includes: (1) providing a ceramic face milling cutter including a cutting end surface and a plurality of teeth; A cutting part, each tooth has a cutting edge, each cutting edge includes: an axial sub-edge located at the cutting end face and having an initial positive axial tilt angle α before the first use; a radial A sub-edge, which has an initial negative radial tilt angle λ; and a corner sub-edge, which has an initial positive angle 隅 tilt angle β, adjacent to the axial sub-edge; and (2) at a distance greater than 300 m / min A velocity surface mills the Inconel workpiece for a length of time sufficient to transform the initial positive axial tilt angle into a negative axial tilt angle through wear. It will be understood that the speeds mentioned in the above aspect have an upper limit (usually between 600 m / min and 800 m / min) defined by the workstation used, and the highest speed available is better. For example, the speed mentioned in the above aspect may preferably be 600 m / min or more. It will also be understood that the above is a generalization, and that any of the aspects above may further include any of the features set forth below. Specifically, the following features may be applied to any of the above aspects individually or in combination: A. A face milling cutter may have a unitary monolithic structure. B. A face milling cutter can be configured to rotate around a central axis of rotation A _R that defines opposite axial forward directions D _F and axial backward directions D _R , and opposite rotational cutting directions D _P and Rotate the subsequent direction D _S. C. A face milling cutter may include a shank portion and a cutting portion extending forward from the shank portion to a cutting end face. The shank portion may be formed integrally with the cutting portion. Despite the fact that ceramics are a relatively fragile and expensive material and therefore theoretically a shank system made from an alternative material such as sintered carbide, it has been found in practice that a monolithic ceramic is as fragile as it may The shank part is more reliable for clamping and is therefore better. D. A cutting part of a face milling cutter is made of a ceramic material. An entire face milling cutter may be made of a ceramic material. The ceramic material can be a SiAlON composite material. For example, it may be a ceramic material sold by TAEGUTEC® under the trade name TC3030. E. a cutting portion may comprise an effective cutting length L _E, one of the end surfaces of the cutting diameter D _E and a plurality of teeth. F. A cutting portion may not have a coolant passage. Although the use of air (i.e., gas) or fluids can be useful in debris eviction, there may also be a better benefit of simplifying the production of a ceramic tool because the cost of producing ceramic tools is relatively high. G. One or each of the plurality of teeth of a cutting portion may include an inclined surface, a relief surface, and a cutting edge formed at a point where the inclined surface intersects the relief surface. H. At least one tooth or preferably each tooth of a cutting portion may be located in front of the center. I. Each tooth may be the same. In other words, a cutting portion is rotatably symmetrical. More precisely, ceramic face milling cutters can be rotated symmetrically by dividing 360 ° by the number of teeth. Although this symmetry lacks a resistance characteristic found in many tools, there may also be a better benefit of simplifying the production of a ceramic tool because the cost of producing a ceramic tool is relatively high. J. The plurality of teeth is preferably equal to or larger than 5 teeth. For machining ceramics, a large number of teeth reduces heat transfer (by distributing heat between the teeth) and therefore at least 5 teeth are preferred. However, increasing the number of teeth reduces the available slot space. Therefore, the plurality of teeth is preferably equal to or less than 11 teeth. Optimally, the plurality of teeth is equal to 5, 7, or 9 teeth, in which the optimal number of teeth of the 7 teeth system is considered in consideration of the slot space. Preferably, the plurality of teeth are an odd number of teeth for reducing vibration. K. At least one inclined surface or each inclined surface may be a curved inclined surface. L. A cutting edge may include: an axial sub-edge, which is located at the cutting end surface; a radial sub-edge, which is positioned along a periphery of the cutting portion; and a corner mule edge, which extends from the axial sub-edge to The radial sub-edge defines a corner radius R _C. M. In one end view of the cutting end face, at least one cutting edge, preferably each and the entire cutting edge is curved. N. An axial sub-edge may have a positive axial tilt angle α (ie, before the first use). One of the axial sub-edges may have a maximum axial tilt angle α1 that has one of the following conditions: 1 ° £ α1 £ 5 °. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that having an initial positive axial tilt angle that is too large can initiate fractures too quickly without any benefit to tool life. O. At least a part of the edge of a corner rafter may have a positive angle 隅 tilt angle β. The part under discussion is a part of the corner mule edge which is adjacent to and not far from the axial sub-edge. The entire horned rafter edge may have a positive angle 隅 inclination angle β. One of the minimum positive angles of the corners of the horns, the tilt angle β1, and one of the maximum axial tilts of the adjacent axial edges, α1, can satisfy the following conditions: β1 <α1. The angle of inclination β of a corner can gradually decrease as it approaches the radial sub-edge. P. At least a portion of a radial sub-edge adjacent to the edge of the corner rafter may have a positive radial tilt angle λ. Q. A backlash may be located between each pair of adjacent teeth of a plurality of teeth of a cutting portion. In other words, a backlash may be formed between each pair of adjacent teeth. Each backlash between each pair of adjacent teeth may be the only backlash between the pair of teeth. The backlash can be a mixed backlash. A cutting portion may not have a groove or a second backlash between a pair of teeth. Each backlash may extend backward to a backlash end, and the backlash end exits to a peripheral surface of the cutting portion. R. An axial length L _{A of} at least one backlash can be measured from a cutting end face to an backlash end of the at least one backlash. The axial length L _A may satisfy the following conditions: L _A <DE _E , preferably L _A <2 R _C. The at least one backlash may be each backlash of a cutting portion. In other words, each backlash may be shorter than the condition L _A < _DE , preferably L _A <2R _C. S. A shank portion may have a shank portion length. The length of the shank portion may be greater than the length of an overall cutting portion. The length of the cutting portion may extend to the end of a neck portion of the face milling cutter. Preferably, the length of the shank portion may be greater than twice or even more preferably three times the length of the overall cutting portion. T. A shank portion may have a substantially cylindrical shape.

1 and 2 illustrate a face milling cutter 10 configured to rotate about a central axis of rotation A _R that extends longitudinally through the center of the face milling cutter. The central rotation axis A _R defines opposite axial forward directions D _F and axial backward directions D _R , and opposite rotational forward directions D _P and subsequent rotational directions D _{S. The} forward directions D _P are cutting directions. The face milling cutter 10 includes a shank portion 12 and a cutting portion 14 extending forward (ie, in a forward direction D _F ) from the shank portion 12. The shank portion may have a shank portion length L _S. The shank portion 12 may have a substantially cylindrical shape. The entire shank portion 12 may be cylindrical (ie, not grooved or recessed). Cutting portion 14 extending in a rearward direction D _R from a cutting end face of the neck portion 18 16-1. More precisely, the cutting portion 14 can be regarded as extending to the neck intersection point 19 with one of the shank portions 12, and the neck intersection 19 is defined as the neck portion 18 starts to decrease in the forward direction D _F from the shank portion 12 The axial position of the diameter. It will be understood that the neck portion 18 is selected and the cutting portion 14 should be considered as the part of the face milling cutter 10 that extends forward from the shank portion 12, the shank portion 12 being identified as being configured to be held by a collet or chuck The gripping part is known per se in the art. The cutting portion 14 may have an overall cutting portion length L _C. In this example, the cutting portion length L _C extends from the cutting end surface 16 to the end of a neck portion 18, or more precisely to the neck intersection point 19 of the neck portion 18. The cutting portion 14 is made of a ceramic material. Specifically, the cutting portion 14 may be made of a SiAlON composite material. More specifically, the cutting portion 14 may be a SiAlON composite material sold under the trade name TC3030. Preferably, the cutting portion 14 is formed integrally with the shank portion 12, or in other words, the entire face milling cutter 10 has a single-piece integral structure. Therefore, in this example, the entire face milling cutter 10 including the shank portion 12 is made of the same ceramic material. The cutting portion 14 is formed integrally with the plurality of teeth 20. For example, the plurality of teeth 20 may include first teeth 20A, second teeth 20B, third teeth 20C, fourth teeth 20D, fifth teeth 20E, sixth teeth 20F, and seventh teeth 20G. As shown from its complete appearance, the teeth 20 are non-serrated. Cutting one end surface of the display face mill diameter D _E 10 at 16. It will be appreciated, the diameter D _E based widest point between the teeth 20, more precisely the cut end surface 16, from which point the surface 10 of the forwardmost edge of the cutter slightly rearward, it is known that the diameter D _E configuration, which It itself is measured in this technology. The plurality of teeth 20 alternate with the plurality of backlashes 22. For example, the plurality of backlashes 22 are formed as mixed backlashes and may include first backlash 22A, second backlash 22B, third backlash 22C, fourth backlash 22D, fifth backlash 22E, and sixth teeth. Clearance 22F and seventh backlash 22G. Referring to FIG. 2, each backlash 22 is different from a helical groove because the backlash does not need to spirally extend. The backlash may be a straight backlash (that is, it may extend along an axis), and may form a backlash angle µ extending with the central rotation axis A _R. The backlash angle µ may preferably be 42 ° ± 5 °. This inclination angle assists the generation of teeth without requiring a further groove manufacturing step. Although it is indeed possible to extend the backlash system in a backward direction (ie, generally toward the shank portion 12) in a straight or spiral path, the length of the backlash 22 should preferably be minimized due to the relatively high cost of grinding ceramics . Each backlash 22 becomes shallower until it reaches a peripheral surface 24 of a cutting portion 14 at a backlash end 26. An axial length L _A can be measured from the cutting end face 16 to the backlash end 26. In this example, each tooth 20 is the same and equally spaced along the circumference, so the following description of each element applies to each of the teeth 20, and the characters and arrows pointing to different teeth for different elements Just because their elements are better shown on a particular tooth in the given view. Note also that in FIG. 3, each tooth 20 may include an inclined surface 28, a relief surface 30, and a cutting edge 32 formed at an intersection of the inclined surface 28 and one of the relief surfaces 30. Although it is difficult to see the curvature of the inclined surface 28 in the two-dimensional line diagram provided, it will be understood that the inclined surface is indeed curved or (in other words) concave. In fact, although the inclined surface 28 of the fifth tooth 20E (that is, at the left side of FIG. 3) appears flat and parallel to the central rotation axis A _R , the other teeth 20 (specifically, the sixth tooth 20F) should It is understood that the teeth 20 are not parallel to the central rotation axis _AR, but are inclined forward and the inclined surfaces of the teeth 20 are curved. For the purpose of explanation, the inclined surface 28 of the fifth tooth 20E in the view shown in FIG. 3 should be regarded as being shown in a contoured view. The cutting edge 32 includes an axial sub-edge 32A located at the cutting end face 16, a radial sub-edge 32B positioned along a periphery of the cutting portion 14, and extending from the axial sub-edge 32A to the radial sub-edge 32B and defining an angle One of the corners of the radius R _{C is the} corner of the mule 32C. The corner rafter edge 32C is provided with an arc-shaped contour, which is used to define an imaginary circle I _C during rotation. The virtual circle I _C defines a circle center point C _P , an axial tangent line L _AT and a radial tangent line L _RT , an axial tangent point _AT and a radial tangent point P _RT, and a radius value corresponding to the corner radius R _C The axial tangent line L _AT extends forward from the center point C _{P of the} circle and in a direction parallel to the central axis of rotation A _R. The axial tangent point P _AT is located at a point where the circle I _C intersects one of the axial tangents L _AT . The radial tangent line L _RT extends from the center point C _{P of} the circle in a radially outward direction perpendicular to the central rotation axis A _R. The radial tangent point P _RT is located at the point where the circle I _C intersects one of the radial tangents L _RT . Shown in FIG. 2, the axial length L _A is smaller than the diameter D _E. In contrast, in FIG. 3, it has been shown that the axial length L _{A is} greater than an effective cutting length L _E. The effective cutting length L _E can be measured from the cutting end face 16 to a point 36 of the last part of the cutting edge 32. The effective cutting length L _{E is} greater than a recommended machining depth L _D. The recommended machining depth L _{D of the} face milling cutter 10 can be measured from the cutting end face 16 to a point 38 along the corner edge 32C (that is, closer to the cutting end face 16 than the radial tangent point P _RT ). It will be understood that machining with a portion of the cutting edge 32 located at the radial tangent point P _RT or located further away from the cutting end face 16 than the radial tangent point P _RT will produce radial forces that are critical for extremely high speeds One of the operations, the relatively fragile ceramic face milling cutter 10, is relatively disadvantageous and therefore should preferably be avoided. Referring to Figure 4, the teeth 20 are each positioned in front of the center as shown. To explain in detail what is ahead of the center, in this example of the fourth tooth 20D, a first radial line L _R1 may be drawn from the center axis of rotation A _R to intersect with a starting point 34 of an axial sub-edge 32A. Since each point of the entire cutting edge 32 is located behind the radial line L _R1 (that is, in the subsequent direction D _S ), when the material being processed (not shown) contacts any part of the cutting edge 32, there is always a edge A force component in a radially outward direction D _O that assists in expelling the material (or debris) being processed outwardly (ie, away from the face milling cutter 10). In addition, since the entire cutting edge 32 is formed to have a single backlash and is entirely curved in the end view shown in FIG. 4, it is considered that a smoother cutting operation will be achieved. As shown in FIG. 3, a random profile has been selected that extends through the radial sub-edge 32B and is used in FIG. 5 to illustrate what is a negative radial tilt angle λ. For details, the section is perpendicular to the central axis of rotation A _R. The radial inclination angle λ may be measured between a second radial line L _R2 and a first tangent line L _T1 , wherein the second radial line extends radially from the central axis of rotation A _R to the first The radial sub-edge 32B of the tooth 20A intersects, the first tangent line extending tangentially from the associated inclined surface 28 (or more precisely the point where the associated inclined surface 28 intersects one of the radial sub-edges 32B). If the first tangent line L _T1 extends backward from the second radial line L _R2 in an outward direction (that is, the distance from the central rotation axis A _R is larger and larger), the formed radial tilt angle λ can be understood as a Negative angle. In other words, when positioned in a first tangential line L _T1 D _S successor direction farther than the second radial line L _R2, form a negative radial tilt angle. As shown on the right side of the display 3, a randomly selected cross-section (in this example, in this non-limiting examples along with the central axis of rotation A _R into one of a 45 ° angle bisector L _B), the random cross-section The angle rafter edge 32C extending through the first tooth 20A is used to illustrate what is a positive angle 隅 tilt angle β in FIG. 6. The angle of inclination β of the angle 隅 is measured between the bisector L _B and a second tangent line L _T2 , where the bisector extends from the central rotation axis A _R to intersect the edge of the angle rafter 32C, and the second tangent line self-phases The associated inclined surface 28 (or more precisely the point at which the associated inclined surface 28 intersects one of the corner cube edges 32C) extends tangentially. If the second tangent line L _T2 extends forward from the bisector line L _B , the angle of inclination β formed can be understood as a positive angle. In other words, when the second tangent line L _T2 (in an outward direction) is located farther in the forward direction D _P than the bisector L _B , a positive angle is formed. As shown on the right side of FIG. 4, a random profile has been selected that extends through the axial sub-edge 32C of the first tooth 20A and is used to illustrate what is a positive axial tilt angle α in FIG. 7. For details, the section is in a plane parallel to the central axis of rotation _AR . The axial tilt angle α can be measured between an axial line L _X and a third tangent line L _T3 , where the axial line extends parallel to the central axis of rotation A _R , and the third tangent line is associated with the inclined surface 28 (Or more precisely the point where the associated inclined surface 28 intersects one of the axial sub-edges 32C) extends tangentially. If the third tangent line L _T3 extends forward from the axial line L _X , the axial tilt angle α formed can be understood as a positive angle. In other words, when the third tangent line L _T3 (in an outward direction) is located farther in the forward direction D _P than the axial line L _X , a positive angle is formed.

10‧‧‧face milling cutter / relatively fragile ceramic face milling cutter

12‧‧‧ Shank section

14‧‧‧ cutting part

16‧‧‧ cutting face

18‧‧‧ neck part

19‧‧‧ neck intersection

20‧‧‧tooth

20A‧‧‧First tooth

20B‧‧‧Second tooth

20C‧‧‧Third tooth

20D‧‧‧Fourth tooth

20E‧‧‧Fifth tooth

20F‧‧‧The sixth tooth

20G‧‧‧Seventh tooth

22‧‧‧ Backlash

22A‧‧‧First Backlash

22B‧‧‧Second Backlash

22C‧‧‧Third Backlash

22D‧‧‧ Fourth Backlash

22E‧‧‧Fifth Backlash

22F‧‧‧ Sixth Backlash

22G‧‧‧Seventh backlash

24‧‧‧ Peripheral surface

26‧‧‧ Backlash end

28‧‧‧ inclined surface

30‧‧‧Release surface

32‧‧‧ cutting edge

32A‧‧‧Axial sub-edge

32B‧‧‧Radial Sub-Edge

32C‧‧‧Corner Edge

34‧‧‧ starting point

36‧‧‧point / point of the last part of one of the cutting edges

38‧‧‧points / points along the edge of the corner mule

A _R ‧‧‧center rotation axis

C _P ‧‧‧ Circle Center Point

D _E ‧‧‧ diameter

D _F ‧‧‧ axial forward direction / forward direction

D _O ‧‧‧ Radial outward

D _P ‧‧‧Rotary cutting direction / Rotary forward direction / Advance direction

D _R ‧‧‧Axial backward direction / backward direction

D _S ‧‧‧ Rotate successor direction / successor direction

I _C ‧‧‧ virtual circle / circle

L _A ‧‧‧Axial length

L _AT ‧‧‧Axial Tangent

L _B ‧‧‧ Bisector

L _C ‧‧‧Overall cut length / cut length

L _D ‧‧‧Recommended working depth / working depth

L _E ‧‧‧Effective cutting length

L _R1 ‧‧‧First radial line / radial line

L _R2 ‧‧‧ second radial line

L _RT ‧‧‧ Radial Tangent

L _S ‧‧‧ part length

L _T1 ‧‧‧ first tangent

L _T2 ‧‧‧Second Tangent

L _T3 ‧‧‧ Third Tangent

L _X ‧‧‧ axial line

P _AT ‧‧‧Axial tangent point

P _RT ‧‧‧ Radial Tangent Point

R _C ‧‧‧ Radius / Angle Radius

V‧‧‧ line

VI‧‧‧line

Line VII‧‧‧

α‧‧‧ Positive axial tilt angle / initial positive axial tilt angle / axial tilt angle

α1‧‧‧Maximum axial tilt angle

β‧‧‧Positive angle 隅 Tilt angle / Initial positive angle 隅 Tilt angle / Angle 隅 Tilt angle

β1‧‧‧Minimum positive angle 隅 Tilt angle

λ‧‧‧Negative radial tilt angle / initial negative radial tilt angle / positive radial tilt angle / radial tilt angle

µ‧‧‧ Backlash angle

In order to better understand the subject matter of this application and to show how the subject matter of this application can be implemented in practice, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is one of the subject matter according to this application A perspective view of an exemplary face milling cutter; FIG. 2 is a side view of a face milling cutter in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of a cutting portion of a face milling cutter in FIGS. 1 and 2; FIG. 5 is an end view of a cutting end surface of a cutting portion in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V in FIG. 3; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI in FIG. 3; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII in FIG. 4.

Claims (20)

A ceramic face milling cutter for machining a workpiece Inconel alloy, which was configured to face milling cutter about the axis of rotation (A _R) a center of rotation, the axis of rotation (A _R) defining opposite the center of the axial direction The forward direction (D _F ) and the axial backward direction (D _R ), and the opposite rotating cutting direction (D _P ) and the rotating subsequent direction (D _S ), the face milling cutter includes: a shank portion; and a cutting portion, It extends forward from the shank portion to a cutting end surface; the cutting portion includes: an effective cutting length (L _E ); a diameter (D _E ) at the cutting end surface; a plurality of teeth; and a backlash Is located between each pair of adjacent teeth of the plurality of teeth; one of the plurality of teeth includes: an inclined surface; a clearance surface; and a cutting edge formed on the inclined surface and the clearance The cutting edge includes: an axial sub-edge located at the cutting end surface; a radial sub-edge positioned along a periphery of the cutting portion; and a corner rafter edge, which Extending from the axial sub-edge to the radial sub-edge and defining a Corner radius (R _C); wherein the entire surface of the milling cutter: made of a ceramic material; and having a single unitary structure; and wherein the sub entire axial edge having a positive axial inclination angle (α). For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 2, wherein one of the axial sub-edges has a maximum axial tilt angle (α1) having a value satisfying one of the following conditions: 1 ° £ α1 £ 5 °. The ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the corner edge adjacent to the one axial edge has a positive angle 隅 tilt angle (β). For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 3, wherein the entire corner edge has a positive angle 隅 tilt angle (β). For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 3, wherein one of the minimum positive angles of the corner sub-edge 隅 tilt angle (β1) and one of the axial sub-edges of the axial sub-edge meet the following conditions: β1 <α1 . For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 3, wherein the angle of inclination (β) decreases gradually as it approaches the radial sub-edge. As in the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1, each backlash between each pair of adjacent teeth is the only backlash between the pair of teeth. As in the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1, each backlash between each pair of adjacent teeth extends backward to a backlash end, and the backlash end exits to a peripheral surface of the cutting portion. If the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 8, wherein the axial length (L _A ) of at least one of the backlashes can be measured from the cutting end face to the backlash end of the backlash, the axial direction The length (L _A ) satisfies the following conditions: L _A < _DE . For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of item 9, wherein the axial length (L _A ) satisfies the following condition: L _A <2R _C. For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of teeth is equal to or greater than 5 teeth. For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 11, wherein the plurality of teeth are equal to or less than 11 teeth. For example, the ceramic face milling cutter of claim 12, wherein the plurality of teeth is equal to five, seven, or nine teeth. The ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of teeth is positioned in front of the center. The ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1 further does not have a coolant passage. The ceramic face milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein, in one end view of the cutting end face, the ceramic face milling cutter is rotationally symmetrical by dividing 360 ° by the number of teeth. The ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1, which is made of a SiAlON composite material. The ceramic face milling cutter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the inclined surfaces is curved. A ceramic face milling cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one entire cutting edge is curved in an end view of the cutting end surface. A method for processing an Anglo nickel alloy workpiece, comprising: providing a ceramic face milling cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 19; The positive axial tilt angle is transformed into a negative axial tilt angle within a time length of the face milling of the Anglo nickel workpiece.