TW201823474A - Sandstone slag quick screening method comprising a phenolphthalein test step, a pH acid-base test step, and a magnetic reaction test step - Google Patents

Abstract

A sandstone slag quick screening method which comprises the following steps of: a phenolphthalein test step: mixing a plurality of sandstones with water to form a mixed liquid, and adding a phenolphthalein reagent to observe whether the color of the mixed liquid is changed, thereby determining the quality of the sandstone; a pH acid-base test step: testing the pH value of the sandstone, the color of which is changed in the above phenolphthalein test step, when the pH value of the mixed liquid is 10 or less, the sandstone is determined as being qualified; a magnetic reaction test step: for the pH value of the mixed liquid tested to be greater than 10 in the pH acid-base test step, placing a ferrite magnet next to the sandstone to observe whether a magnetic reaction occurs, and then, conducting a component analysis on the sandstones showing no magnetic reaction, or, conducting a component analysis and a thermal-stress expansion test on the sandstones which exhibit the magnetic reaction to determine whether the quality of the sand is qualified.

Description

Sandstone grate quick sieve detection method

The invention relates to a method for detecting gravel grate; in particular, it relates to a fast sieve detection method capable of quickly detecting whether grit is contained in the gravel.

In the technical field of the iron and steel industry, a common waste product of grate is usually produced in the process of refining pig iron. When iron ore raw materials, limestone, and coal are mixed together and heated to 1300 ° C to form a molten state, iron will It is separated from the iron ore to form molten iron, and once the molten iron is cooled, a grate is generated. Because the steelmaking process and processing methods are different, the types and proportions of the ingredients in the grate will also be slightly different. Generally speaking, the main components of the grate are nothing more than a mixture of calcium, magnesium, and a few elements melted and separated from silicon, aluminum, and limestone, usually containing more than 10% of soluble silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), and More than 30% of calcium oxide (CaO), and most of the grate is slightly alkaline, the pH is usually around 12.

Generally, grate can be classified according to different steelmaking process methods, usually including converter grate, desulfurization grate, dephosphorization grate, electric arc grate, stainless steel grate, desulfurization grate and blast furnace grate. Alas. In general, electric arc furnaces are electric furnaces that use the high temperature of electrode arcs to smelt ores and metals. When the gas discharge forms an arc, the energy is very concentrated, and the temperature in the arc region is above 3000 ° C. For melting metals, electric arc furnaces have greater flexibility than other steelmaking furnaces, can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus, the furnace temperature is easy to control, and the equipment covers a small area, which is suitable for the melting of high-quality alloy steel.

In the iron and steel metallurgy process, a large number of furnace grate will be generated and it is difficult to reuse, and it has begun to seriously harm the environment and hinder the development of the industry. Conventional technology treats these wastes: the grate out of 1500-1600 ° C is cooled with water, then scooped, dried, pulverized, and then used in cement production, but this method can only treat part of the waste. Wastewater and exhaust gas are also generated during the treatment process, and a large amount of thermal energy generated by the blast furnace grate is not only wasted, but also a factor that harms the environment.

Most domestic aluminum smelting furnaces are stacked or buried directly in the plant for processing after cooling down. In addition, aluminum smelting grate contains other trace heavy metals in addition to the above main components. Therefore, aluminum smelting grate is classified as hazardous business waste. In this way, before stacking or landfilling, the aluminum smelting grate must be solidified, which will be a great burden for those involved in processing aluminum smelting grate. In addition, aluminum smelting furnaces are susceptible to moisture and hydrolysis in the air to produce ammonia, methane and hydrogen. Improper handling will cause great impact on the environment and may also endanger human health.

Although grate can be recycled and reused, and has been widely used as engineering materials, for example, grate is used in road basement, concrete granules, and cement raw materials in foreign countries, but it is still mainly used as roadbed backfill material in China. It was found that there is a potential volume expansion problem, so the industry still has serious doubts about its use in cement concrete as a granular material. Furthermore, the grate is a hazardous business waste. Although domestic authorities also tend to reuse the grate, the reality is There are many loopholes. If the furnace grate is arbitrarily mixed with sand and gravel without following the regulations, it will not only be impossible to inspect, but also endanger the quality of the building. It will also affect the credibility of the concrete manufacturer. This is not so-called reuse, but the disposal of business waste. , And cause serious quality defects to the building.

In view of this, through intensive research and searching for various possible solutions to solve the above-mentioned problems of the traditional technology, the inventors have developed a method that can quickly screen whether sandstone is doped with grate, so as to confirm Control the quality of sand and gravel raw materials in buildings.

In other words, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rapid screening method for sandstone grate can be provided, which includes the following steps: Phenolphthalein test step: mixing a plurality of sandstone with water to form a mixed liquid and adding a phenolphthalein reagent to observe the Whether the mixed solution is discolored. When the mixed solution does not change color, the quality of the gravel is judged to be acceptable; pH acid-base test step: For the mixed solution whose color changes in the above phenolphthalein test step, check its pH value. When the pH value is less than 10, the quality of the sand and gravel is judged to be acceptable; magnetic suction test procedure: For the mixed liquid with a pH value greater than 10 in the above pH acid-base test step, use a ferrite magnet to approach the sand and observe Whether a magnetic attraction reaction occurs, and then, analyze the composition of the sand and gravel that has not undergone a magnetic resonance reaction. When the result of the component analysis is no abnormality, determine the quality of the sand and gravel as acceptable; or, Sand and gravel are sub-analyzed and hot-pressed expansion test. When the results of component analysis and heat-pressed expansion test are normal, the quality of the sand and gravel is judged to be qualified; Results of the pressure bulge test at least one abnormality display, i.e. determining the plurality of sand contained in the furnace ballast, sand and the quality of determined to be defective.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention may provide a rapid gravel sieve detection method, wherein the mixing ratio of the sand and gravel to water in the phenolphthalein test step is 10: 1 to 1:10; It is preferably 5: 1 to 1: 5, and most preferably 1: 1.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention can also provide a gravel furnace rapid sieve detection method, wherein the concentration of the phenolphthalein reagent in the phenolphthalein test step is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 0.3% to 8%. , More preferably 0.5% to 7%, and most preferably 1%.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention may also provide a rapid screening method for gravel grate, wherein the pH acid-base test is performed by using an acid-base concentration meter.

According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, in a gravel grate quick sieve detection method provided by the present invention, the magnetic suction test step is to first remove the gravel from the mixed liquid and dry it to a constant weight. .

According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, in a gravel grate quick sieve detection method provided in the present invention, the gravel composition analysis step is to determine the percentage of total calcium (Ca) elements in the gravel and The total percentage of silicon (Si), and calculate the ratio of the total percentage of calcium to the total percentage of silicon (Ca / Si). When the Ca / Si value is less than 0.2, it is judged to be qualified; otherwise, when Ca When the / Si value ≧ 0.2, it is determined to be abnormal.

According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, in a gravel grate quick sieve detection method provided by the present invention, the thermocompression expansion test is made of an appropriate amount of cement, gravel, and water to form a columnar entity. After heating for a period of time at a suitable vapor pressure and temperature, cool to room temperature; then, observe whether there are cone-shaped blasting holes on the surface of the square columnar entity. When the number of blasting holes is less than 1 and the square column entity If there is no fracture, it is judged to be qualified; otherwise, when the number of blast holes is ≧ 1 or the square-shaped solid fracture occurs, it is judged to be abnormal.

According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, in a gravel grate quick sieve detection method provided by the present invention, the above-mentioned vapor pressure is in a range of 20.1 to 21.5 kgf / cm ² ; the above-mentioned temperature is in a range of 214.0 to In the range of 217.4 ° C, the steam pressure is preferably raised to 20.8 kgf / cm ² or more within 45 to 75 minutes of the start of the above-mentioned thermocompression expansion test, at 20.8 ± 0.7 kgf / cm ² or 215.7 ± 1.7 ℃ After maintaining for three hours, it decreased from 20.8 kgf / cm ² to less than 0.7 kgf / cm ² in 1.5 hours. Preferably, the square columnar entity is taken out for determination after cooling.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, in a method for detecting quick-screening of a sandstone grate provided by the present invention, the particle size of the sandstone is in the range of 0.6mm to 2.5mm; preferably 0.7mm to 2.4mm. Range; more preferably a range of 0.8 mm to 2.3 mm; most preferably a range of 0.9 mm to 2.2 mm; for example, it may be 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, or 0.6 mm.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention can also provide a rapid screening method for sandstone grate, wherein the thermal compression expansion test is performed by gradually heating and increasing pressure, and then cooling and cooling.

With the present invention, by using a series of simple test steps and methods, the results of each step can be quickly screened to determine whether the sandstone contains grate, which can then be used to determine whether the quality of the sandstone is acceptable or abnormal.

In the following, different specific embodiments are listed and described in more detail for the implementation aspects of the present invention in order to make the spirit and content of the present invention more complete and easy to understand; however, those with ordinary knowledge in this technology should understand The invention is of course not limited to these examples, and other identical or equal functions and sequence of steps can be used to achieve the invention.

Describes specific terms or nouns used in this specification. Unless otherwise defined in this specification, the meanings of scientific and technical terms used herein are the same as those understood and used by those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.

In this article, the numerical values and parameters used to define the scope of the present invention inherently inevitably contain the standard deviation due to individual test methods, and are therefore mostly expressed as approximate numerical values. However, in specific embodiments, Relevant values presented as accurately as possible. In this context, "about" usually depends on the consideration of those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, and generally refers to the fact that the actual value falls within the acceptable standard error of the average value, for example, the actual value is within one Within ± 10%, ± 5%, ± 1%, or ± 0.5% of a specific value or range.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention includes the test steps shown in FIG. In other words, the present invention includes: a phenolphthalein test step (S1): mixing a plurality of sandstones with water to form a mixed solution, adding a phenolphthalein reagent to observe whether the mixed solution has changed color, and when the mixed solution has not changed color, the quality of the sandstone Judged as pass (D1); pH acid-alkali test step (S2): Check the pH value of the mixed solution whose color changes during the above phenolphthalein test step. When the pH of the mixed solution is less than 10, The quality is judged as qualified (D2); magnetic attraction test step (S3): For the mixed solution with a pH value greater than 10 in the above pH acid-alkali test step, use a ferrite magnet to approach the gravel and observe whether a magnetic attraction reaction occurs, and then Perform component analysis (S4) on the sand and gravel that has not undergone a magnetic attraction reaction. When the result of the component analysis is no abnormality, determine the quality of the sand and gravel as acceptable (D3); Carry out sub-analysis and thermocompression expansion test (S5). When the results of the component analysis and thermocompression expansion test are normal, the quality of the sand and gravel is judged to be acceptable (D4). At least one of the results showed a difference When it is judged that the plurality of sand contained in the furnace ballast, whereas the quality of sand is determined as defective (D5).

As one of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the present invention, each test step and the method for determining whether the quality of the gravel is qualified or abnormal will be further described below.

《Phenolphthalein Test Procedure》

Phenolphthalein is a chemical product, which is a crystalline powder and is almost insoluble in water. Its characteristics are colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, purple-red in alkaline solutions, and the pH range of transition color transition is about 8.3-10.0.

In the phenolphthalein test of the present invention, 250 grams of these sandstones are added to 250 grams of water and mixed uniformly, and a phenolphthalein reagent having a concentration of 1% by weight in 5c.c. is added to observe whether the liquid discolors. The concentration of the weight percentage is 1 The blending ratio of% phenolphthalein reagent is 8.81 grams of phenolphthalein mixed with 872.19 grams of 70% alcohol and mixed uniformly.

《PH acid-base test procedure》

An acid-base concentration meter is an electronic instrument used to measure the pH value of a liquid, which can confirm the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. A typical acid-base concentration meter uses a glass electrode measuring probe to measure the potential of the object to be measured, sends it to a voltmeter, and displays the pH reading.

In the present invention, the pH acid-base test is performed by adding 250 g of these sandstones to 250 g of water and mixing uniformly. The test is performed on the acid-base concentration meter. After waiting for 3-5 minutes, the pH ≧ 10 is abnormal.

《Magnetic attraction test procedure》

Magnetic properties are that paramagnetic or ferromagnetic materials tend to move toward areas with stronger magnetic fields, that is, they are attracted by magnetic fields; diamagnetic materials tend to move toward areas with weak magnetic fields, that is, they are repelled by magnetic fields. A magnet is an object or device whose purpose is to generate a magnetic field. Magnets, as magnetic dipoles, can attract ferromagnetic materials, such as metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt.

The magnetic attraction test of the present invention is to dry 200 g of these sand and stones at 100 ± 5 ° C to constant weight or 24 hours, and then perform magnetic attraction with a magnet. If there is a suction object, there is a magnetic attraction reaction. From any object, there is no magnetic attraction reaction.

"Grit Analysis"

X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) is a fast, non-destructive method for measuring substances. X-ray fluorescence is the typical "secondary" X-ray emission from a material excited by bombardment with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. This phenomenon is widely used in elemental analysis and chemical analysis, especially in the investigation and research of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials. XRF uses X-rays or other excitation sources to illuminate the sample to be analyzed. After the inner electrons of the elements in the sample are knocked out, the electrons outside the nucleus transition. When the excited electrons return to the ground state, characteristic X-rays are emitted; Different elements emit their own characteristic X-rays with different energy or wavelength characteristics.

The gravel composition analysis of the present invention uses an X-ray fluorescence analyzer to measure the total percentage of calcium (Ca) elements and the percentage of silicon (Si) elements in the gravel, and calculates the percentage of the total calcium element relative to the silicon The ratio of total element percentage (Ca / Si), Ca / Si value <0.2 is acceptable, and Ca / Si value ≧ 0.2 is abnormal.

"Hot pressure expansion test"

The thermal expansion coefficient of concrete itself will affect the quality of the building itself. In addition, the steel bar and concrete have approximately the same thermal expansion coefficient. At the same temperature, the displacement between the steel bar and the concrete is very small. When the concrete is hardened, the surface of the cement and steel bar has a good Bonding, so that any stress can be effectively transferred between the two. If the raw materials of concrete, such as sand and gravel, are abnormal, changes in the thermal expansion coefficient will affect the safety of the building.

The thermal compression expansion test of the present invention is made of 500 g of cement, 1375 g of these gravels, and 243 g of water into a square column body of 25 x 25 x 285 mm. It is placed in a high-pressure cooking pot and heated at 20.8 ± 0.7 kgf. / cm ² or 215.7 ± 1.7 ℃ After maintaining for three hours, take out the square cylindrical entity to determine after cooling; if the cone-shaped blasting holes appear on the surface of the square cylindrical entity, the number of holes ≧ 1 or the square The failure of the columnar entity is abnormal. If the number of blasting holes on the surface of the square columnar cone is less than 1 and the square column is not broken, it is qualified.

According to the thermal compression expansion test of the present invention, after the heating starts, the steam pressure rises to 20.8 kgf / cm ² within 45 to 75 minutes, and is maintained at 20.8 ± 0.7 kgf / cm ² or 215.7 ± 1.7 ℃ for three hours. 20.8 kgf / cm ² decreased to less than 0.7 kgf / cm ² , and after cooling down, the square column-shaped entity was taken out for judgment; some of the sandstones were selected from 250 grams of sandstone with a particle size of 2.36mm and 500 grams of sandstone with a particle size of 1.18mm Grams and 625 grams of 0.6 mm grains of gravel are preferred.

In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the embodiments of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

<< Example 1 >>

Take 3,500 grams of sand and gravel to the construction site to perform the phenolphthalein test procedure described above. As shown in Table 1, after taking 250 grams of the sample from the sand and mixed with 250 grams of water, add 5c.c.'s phenolphthalein reagent and stir. It is uniform. It is confirmed by visual inspection that the liquid is not discolored. Therefore, it is judged that the tested gravel is qualified and can be fed.

<< Example 2 >>

Take 3,500 grams of sand and gravel to the construction site to perform the phenolphthalein test procedure described above. As shown in Table 1, after taking 250 grams of the sample from the sand and mixed with 250 grams of water, add 5c.c.'s phenolphthalein reagent and stir. It is homogeneous, and the liquid becomes red by visual inspection. Then, perform the pH acid-base test step described above. Put the acid-base concentration meter into the liquid and wait for 3-5 minutes to confirm the pH value. The obtained pH value data is less than 10 Therefore, it is judged that the tested gravel is qualified and can be fed.

"Example 3"

Take 3,500 grams of sand and gravel at the construction site, as shown in Table 1, and perform the phenolphthalein test steps described above. After taking 250 grams of the sample from the sand and mixed with 250 grams of water, add 5c.c.'s phenolphthalein reagent and stir. It is homogeneous, and the liquid becomes red by visual inspection. Then perform the pH acid-base test step described above, put the acid-base concentration meter into the liquid, and wait for 3-5 minutes to confirm the pH value. The obtained pH data is greater than 10 Then, perform the "Magnetic Test Procedure" as described above, and take another 200 grams of sample into the oven to dry to a constant weight. Use a ferrite magnet to get closer to the dried sample. After confirming that no samples are magnetically picked up, Carry out the "Sandstone Composition Analysis" as described above, take 8 grams of dried samples and place them in a composition analyzer to confirm the percentage of total Ca element and total percentage of Si element in the sample, and convert the Ca / Si value to obtain The Ca / Si value is <0.2, so it is judged that the tested gravel is qualified and can be fed.

"Example 4"

Take 3,500 grams of sand and gravel at the construction site, as shown in Table 1, and perform the phenolphthalein test steps described above. Take 250 grams of the sample from the sand and mix it with 250 grams of water and add 5c.c.'s phenolphthalein reagent. Stir evenly, and the liquid turns red by visual inspection. Then perform the pH acid-base test step as described above. Put the acid-base concentration meter (pH meter) into the liquid, and wait for 3-5 minutes to confirm the pH meter. The pH is greater than 10. Then carry out the "Magnetic Absorption Test Procedure" as mentioned above, and take another 200 grams of sample into the oven to dry to constant weight. Use a ferrite magnet to get close to the dried sample. After confirming that any sample is magnetically picked up, proceed with As described in the "Sandstone Composition Analysis" and "Heat-Pressure Expansion Test", the results of both tests are qualified, so it is judged that the tested sandstone is qualified and can be fed.

Table 1

The invention categorizes different detection methods, and uses a hierarchical method to detect and determine whether it is qualified or abnormal. Each step detects the presence of grate in the gravel with an effective detection method. If it is abnormal, the next step is performed. In the step of detection and determination, if no other test is required, the invention can quickly and conveniently screen out whether there is a grate in the gravel.

In the above, although the content of the present invention has been described in detail by taking the above examples as examples, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Therefore, the scope of protection in this case also includes the scope of patent application and its defined scope.

In addition, various patent documents and non-patent documents cited in this document, including patent applications, publications, and publications, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and should not be construed in any way to limit the creation of the invention. Spirit and scope of rights.

Although the present disclosure has been disclosed as above by way of implementation, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains may make various modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. And modifications; for example, combining or changing the technical contents exemplified in the foregoing embodiments to form new implementations, and such implementations are of course also regarded as the content of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this disclosure shall be determined by the scope of the attached patent application.

S1‧‧‧Phenolphthalein test procedure

S2‧‧‧pH pH test steps

S3‧‧‧ magnetic suction test procedure

S4‧‧‧Composition Analysis Procedure

S5‧‧‧Composition analysis and thermal compression expansion test procedure

D1 Judgment of phenolphthalein test results

D2 Judgment of pH pH test results

D3 Judgment of Composition Analysis Results

D4‧‧‧ Component analysis and determination of the results of the thermal compression expansion test

D5‧‧‧ Component analysis and determination of the results of the thermal compression expansion test

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a typical test flow of an embodiment of the rapid sieve detection method for gravel grate according to the present invention.

Claims (10)

A gravel grate quick sieve detection method includes the following steps: Phenolphthalein test step: a plurality of sandstones are mixed with water to form a mixed solution, and a phenolphthalein reagent is added to observe whether the mixed solution has changed color. When the mixed solution does not change color, The quality of the sand and gravel is judged to be qualified; pH acid-alkali test step: The pH value of the mixed liquid whose color is changed in the above phenolphthalein test step is tested. When the pH of the mixed liquid is less than 10, The quality is judged to be qualified; Magnetic absorption test procedure: For the mixed solution with a pH value greater than 10 in the above pH acid-alkali test step, approach the sand with a ferrite magnet and observe whether a magnetic attraction reaction occurs, and then, for a magnetic attraction reaction that does not occur The composition of the sand and gravel is analyzed. When the result of the component analysis is no abnormality, the quality of the sand and gravel is judged to be acceptable; or, the analysis of the sand and gravel that undergoes a magnetic absorption reaction and the thermal compression expansion test are performed. When the results of the analysis and thermal compression expansion test are abnormal, the quality of the sand and gravel is judged to be acceptable; when at least one of the results of the component analysis and thermal compression expansion test indicates abnormality , I.e., it is determined that these gravel ballast contained in the furnace, whereas the quality of sand determined to be defective. The quick-screening method for sandstone grate according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the sandstone to water in the phenolphthalein test step is 10: 1 to 1:10. The gravel grate quick sieve detection method according to claim 1, wherein the weight percentage concentration of the phenolphthalein reagent in the phenolphthalein test step is 0.1% to 10%. The quick sieve detection method for gravel grate according to claim 1, wherein the pH acid-base test is a test based on an acid-base concentration meter. The method for quick screening of sandstone grate according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic suction test step is to first remove the sandstone from the mixed solution and dry it to constant weight. The quick-screening method for sandstone grate according to claim 1, wherein the sandstone component analysis step is to determine the percentage of the total calcium (Ca) element and the percentage of the total silicon (Si) element in the sandstone, and Calculate the ratio of the total calcium element percentage to the total silicon element percentage (Ca / Si). When the Ca / Si value is less than 0.2, it is judged as a pass; otherwise, when the Ca / Si value is greater than 0.2, it is judged as an abnormality. . The rapid screening test method for gravel and grate as described in claim 1, wherein the autoclave expansion test is made of a columnar entity made of an appropriate amount of cement, gravel, and water, and heated for a period of time at an appropriate vapor pressure and temperature. Cool to room temperature after time; then, observe whether there is a cone-shaped blasting hole on the surface of the square columnar solid. When the number of blasting holes is less than 1 and the square column solid is not broken, it is judged to be qualified; otherwise, , When the number of blasting holes ≧ 1 or the square-cylinder solid fracture occurs, it is determined to be abnormal. The gravel grate quick sieve detection method according to claim 7, wherein the vapor pressure is in a range of 20.1 to 21.5 kgf / cm ² ; the temperature is in a range of 214.0 to 217.4 ° C. The quick-screening method for sandstone grate according to claim 7, wherein the particle size of the sandstone is in the range of 0.6 mm to 2.5 mm. The rapid screening test method for gravel grate according to claim 7, wherein the thermal compression expansion test is performed by gradually heating and increasing pressure, and then cooling and cooling.