TW201731251A - Methods, apparatuses and systems directed to initial synchronization and/or initial acquisition for highly directional systems - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to highly directional systems, and to initial synchronization in the highly directional systems. In an embodiment, a high efficiency OFDM based ("he-OFDM-based") waveform may be leveraged (adapted) for initial synchronization. In an embodiment, initial synchronization may be carried out using an OFDM signal that carries synchronization information in at least a tail portion of one or more modulation symbols of each OFDM symbol. The modulation symbols may be concentrated within a single sub-band. The single sub-band may map to a particular sub-band of the available channel, such as, for example, a center sub-band of the available channel. Alternatively, the modulation symbols may be dispersed among multiple sub-bands, and such multiple sub-bands may map to, for example, the center sub-band and other sub-bands.

Description

Initial synchronization and/or initial acquisition method, device and system for highly oriented systems

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the benefit of the present disclosure. Technical field

This application is related to wireless communication.

To meet the high data rates required for next-generation cellular communication systems, the wireless industry and academia have explored a variety of uses available at frequencies above 6 GHz, such as centimeter waves (cmW) and millimeter waves (mmW). Multiple ways of bandwidth. The large bandwidth available at these frequencies provides tremendous capacity for user-specific data transmission.

One difficulty in using frequencies above 6 GHz is the characteristics associated with its propagation, which are very detrimental to wireless communications. For example, the higher the transmission frequency, the greater the loss of free space path encountered. Atmospheric gases such as rainfall and/or oxygen may increase attenuation further, and plants may also cause attenuation and depolarization. While a narrow beam pattern is a technique that is beneficial for dealing with such losses, it is also a challenge for delivering cell-specific and/or broadcast information.

Numerous specific details are set forth in the Detailed Description of the <RTIgt;</RTI><RTIgt;</RTI><RTIgt;</RTI> to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments and/or examples disclosed herein. It should be understood, however, that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the description. Further, the embodiments and examples not specifically described herein are also practiced, and thus may be substituted for implementations that are described, disclosed, or otherwise disclosed, implicitly, and/or inherently (collectively referred to as "providing"). Examples and other examples are combined with them. Example communication system

The methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein are well suited for communication involving both wired and wireless networks. Wired networks are well known. An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided in connection with Figures 1A through 1E, wherein various elements of the network can use, perform, and perform the methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein, in accordance with the methods and apparatus provided herein. And systems are arranged, and/or adapted and/or configured for use in the methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein.

FIG. 1A is a diagram of an example communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The example communication system 100 is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the disclosed embodiments. The communication system 100 can be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 allows multiple wireless consumers to access such content via sharing system resources including wireless bandwidth. By way of example, communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA). Single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) and the like.

As shown in FIG. 1A, communication system 100 can include wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, radio access network (RAN) 104, core network 106, public switched telephone network (PSTN). 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals, and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, pagers, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), smart phones, laptops, portable Internet devices, personal computers, wireless sensors, consumer electronics devices, and more.

Communication system 100 can also include a base station 114a and a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, which may be Core network 106, internet 110, and/or network 112. By way of example, base stations 114a, 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTS), Node Bs, eNodeBs, local Node Bs, local eNodeBs, website controllers, access points (APs), wireless routers, and the like. While each base station 114a, 114b is described as a single component, it should be understood that the base stations 114a, 114b can include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.

The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, and the RAN may also include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay. Nodes and so on. Base station 114a and/or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals in a particular geographic area known as a cell (not shown). The cell can be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with base station 114a can be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, that is, each transceiver corresponds to one sector of a cell. In another embodiment, base station 114a may use multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology whereby multiple transceivers may be used for each sector of a cell.

The base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d via an air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared ( IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

More specifically, as noted above, communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can utilize one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in RAN 104 may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), and the technology may use wideband CDMA (WCDMA) ) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and/or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and/or High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

In another embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) is used to establish the air interface 116.

In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement IEEE 802.16 (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Radio Access Technology for GSM Enhanced Data Rate Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN).

As an example, base station 114b in FIG. 1A may be a wireless router, a local Node B, a local eNodeB, or an access point, and may use any suitable RAT to facilitate, for example, a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, etc. Wireless connection in a local area. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In still another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d may use a cellular based RAT (eg, WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, etc.) to establish picocells or femtocells. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b can be directly connected to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b does not necessarily need to access the Internet 110 via the core network 106.

The RAN 104 can be in communication with a core network 106, which can be configured to provide voice, data, applications, and/or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. Any type of network. For example, core network 106 can provide call control, billing services, mobile location based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and/or perform high level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it should be appreciated that the RAN 104 and/or the core network 106 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT or a different RAT with the RAN 104. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 using the E-UTRA radio technology, the core network 106 can also communicate with other RANs (not shown) that use GSM radio technology.

The core network 106 can also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and/or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit switched telephone network that provides Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global interconnected computer network device system using a public communication protocol, which may be the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet in the TCP/IP Internet Protocol suite. Network Protocol (IP). Network 112 may include a wired or wireless communication network that is owned and/or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another core network connected to one or more RANs that may use the same RAT or a different RAT as RAN 104.

Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities, in other words, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers that communicate with different wireless networks over different wireless links. For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A can be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that uses a cellular-based radio technology, and with a base station 114b that can use an IEEE 802 radio technology.

FIG. 1B is a system diagram of an example WTRU 102. The example WTRU 102 is provided for purposes of illustration and not for limitation of the disclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit/receive element 122, a speaker/microphone 124, a digit keypad 126, a display/touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, and The shift memory 132, the power source 134, the global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and other peripheral devices 138. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may also include any sub-combination of the aforementioned elements while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

The processor 118 can be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with the DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller , Dedicated Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), state machine, and more. The processor 118 can perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 can be coupled to a transceiver 120 that can be coupled to the transmit/receive element 122. Although FIG. 1B depicts processor 118 and transceiver 120 as separate components, it should be understood that processor 118 and transceiver 120 can be integrated into one electronic component or wafer.

The transmit/receive element 122 can be configured to transmit or receive signals to or from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit/receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals. In another embodiment, as an example, the transmit/receive element 122 can be a transmitter/detector configured to transmit and/or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In still another embodiment, the transmit/receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and receive RF and optical signals. It should be appreciated that the transmit/receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and/or receive any combination of wireless signals.

Moreover, although the transmit/receive element 122 is depicted as a single element in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit/receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may use MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) that transmit and receive radio signals via the air interface 116.

The transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate a signal to be transmitted by the transmission/reception element 122 and to demodulate a signal received by the transmission/reception element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Accordingly, transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers that allow WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as UTRA and IEEE 802.11.

The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker/microphone 124, a digit keypad 126, and/or a display/touchpad 128 (eg, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and may Receive user input from these components. The processor 118 can also output user profiles to the speaker/microphone 124, the digit keypad 126, and/or the display/trackpad 128. In addition, processor 118 can access information from any suitable memory (eg, non-removable memory 106 and/or removable memory 132) and store the data in such memory. The non-removable memory 106 can include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 can include a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located in the WTRU 102, for example, the memory may be located on a server or a home computer (not display).

The processor 118 can receive power from the power source 134 and can be configured to distribute and/or control power for other elements in the WTRU 102. Power source 134 may be any suitable device that powers WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry battery packs (such as nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-zinc (Ni-Zn), nickel-hydrogen (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc., solar energy Batteries, fuel cells, etc.

The processor 118 can also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136 that can be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) related to the current location of the WTRU 102. Additionally or alternatively to the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base station 114a, 114b) via air interface 116 and/or upon receiving from two or more nearby base stations. Signal timing to determine its position. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information using any suitable positioning method while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

The processor 118 can also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which can include one or more software and/or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and/or wired or wireless connections. For example, peripheral device 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photo and video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibrating device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® mode. Group, FM radio unit, digital music player, media player, video game console module, internet browser, etc.

1C is a system diagram of RAN 104 and core network 106, in accordance with one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 can communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. And the RAN 104 can also communicate with the core network 106. As shown in FIG. 1C, RAN 104 may include Node Bs 140a, 140b, 140c, each of which may include one or more transceivers in communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 115. Each of Node Bs 140a, 140b, 140c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) within RAN 104. The RAN 104 may also include RNCs 142a, 142b. It should be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of Node Bs and RNCs while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1C, Node Bs 140a, 140b can communicate with RNC 142a. In addition, Node B 140c can also communicate with RNC 142b. Node Bs 140a, 140b, 140c may communicate with corresponding RNCs 142a, 142b via an Iub interface. The RNCs 142a, 142b can communicate with each other via the Iur interface. Each RNC 142a, 142b can be configured to control a corresponding Node B 140a, 140b, 140c to which it is connected. In addition, each RNC 142a, 142b can be configured to perform or support other functions, such as outer loop power control, load control, admission control, packet scheduling, handover control, macro diversity, security functions, data encryption, and the like.

The core network 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a media gateway (MGW) 144, a mobile switching center (MSC) 146, a serving GPRS node switching center (SGSN) 148, and/or a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 150. . While each of the foregoing elements is described as being part of the core network 106, it should be understood that other entities than the core network operator may also own and/or operate any of these elements.

The RNC 142a in the RAN 104 can be connected to the MSC 146 in the core network 106 via an IuCS interface. The MSC 146 can then be connected to the MGW 144. MSC 146 and MGW 144 may provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit switched networks such as PSTN 108 to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and conventional landline communication devices.

The RNC 142a in the RAN 104 can also be connected to the SGSN 148 in the core network 106 via an IuPS interface. The SGSN 148 can then be connected to the GGSN 150. The SGSN 148 and GGSN 150 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet switched network, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

As noted above, the core network 106 can also be connected to the network 112, which can include other wired or wireless networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.

FIG. 1D is a system diagram of RAN 104 and core network 106 in accordance with another embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 can communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. In addition, the RAN 104 can also communicate with the core network 106.

The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, but it should be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. Each eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, eNodeB 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, WTRU 102a.

Each eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the uplink and/or downlink, etc. . As shown in FIG. 1D, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c can communicate with each other on the X2 interface.

The core network 106 shown in FIG. 1D may include a mobility management gateway (MME) 162, a service gateway 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway 166. While each of the above elements is described as being part of the core network 106, it should be understood that other entities than the core network operator may also own and/or operate any of these elements.

The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may act as a control node. For example, MME 162 may be responsible for verifying the users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, initiating/deactivating bearers, selecting particular service gateways during initial connection of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may also provide control plane functionality to perform handover between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as GSM or WCDMA.

The service gateway 164 can be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The service gateway 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to/from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. In addition, the service gateway 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during handover between eNodeBs, triggering paging, managing and storing the WTRU 102a when the downlink information is available to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, The context of 102b, 102c, and the like.

The service gateway 164 can also be coupled to a PDN gateway 166 that can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet switched network, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate the WTRUs 102a, 102b, Communication between 102c and IP-enabled devices.

The core network 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, core network 106 may provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks such as PSTN 108 to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and conventional landline communication devices. As an example, core network 106 may include or be in communication with an IP gateway, such as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server, where the IP gateway acts as an interface between core network 106 and PSTN 108. In addition, core network 106 may also provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to network 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.

FIG. 1E is a system diagram of RAN 104 and core network 106 in accordance with another embodiment. The RAN 104 may be an Access Service Network (ASN) that communicates with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116 using IEEE 802.16 radio technology. As discussed further below, the communication links between the different functional entities of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, RAN 104, and core network 106 may be defined as reference points.

As shown in FIG. 1E, the RAN 104 may include base stations 170a, 170b, 170c and ASN gateway 172, but it should be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of base stations and ASN gateways while remaining consistent with the embodiment. . Each of the base stations 170a, 170b, 170c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) in the RAN 104, and each base station may include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRU 102a via the air interface 116, 102b, 102c communicate. In one embodiment, base stations 170a, 170b, 170c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, base station 170a can use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, WTRU 102a. Base stations 170a, 170b, 170c may also provide mobility management functions such as handover triggering, tunnel establishment, radio resource management, traffic classification, quality of service (QoS) policy enforcement, and the like. The ASN gateway 172 can act as a traffic aggregation point and can be responsible for implementing paging, user profile cache, routing to the core network 106, and the like.

The air interface 116 between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the RAN 104 may be defined as an Rl reference point that implements the IEEE 802.16 specification. In addition, each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can establish a logical interface (not shown) with the core network 106. The logical interface between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the core network 106 can be defined as an R2 reference point that can be used for authentication, licensing, IP host configuration management, and/or mobility management.

The communication link between each of the base stations 170a, 170b, 170c can be defined as an R8 reference point that contains protocols for facilitating WTRU handover and data transfer between base stations. The communication link between the base stations 170a, 170b, 170c and the ASN gateway 172 can be defined as an R6 reference point. The R6 reference point can include an agreement to facilitate mobility management based on mobility events associated with each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 180c.

As shown in FIG. 1E, the RAN 104 can be connected to the core network 106. The communication link between the RAN 104 and the core network 106 can be defined as an R3 reference point, which, by way of example, includes protocols for facilitating data transfer and mobility management capabilities. The core network 106 may include a Mobile IP Home Agent (MIP-HA) 174, a Authentication, Licensing, Accounting (AAA) server 176, and a gateway 178. While each of the foregoing elements is described as being part of the core network 106, it should be understood that entities other than the core network operator may also own and/or operate any of these elements.

The MIP-HA 174 may be responsible for implementing IP address management and may allow the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to roam between different ASNs and/or different core networks. The MIP-HA 174 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet switched network, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The AAA server 176 can be responsible for implementing user authentication and supporting user services. Gateway 178 can facilitate interaction with other networks. For example, gateway 178 may provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a circuit switched network such as PSTN 108 to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and conventional landline communication devices. In addition, gateway 178 may also provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to network 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.

Although not shown in FIG. 1E, it should be appreciated that the RAN 104 can be connected to other ASNs and the core network 106 can be connected to other core networks. The communication link between the RAN 104 and the other ASNs may be defined as an R4 reference point, which may include a protocol for coordinating the movement of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c between the RAN 104 and other ASNs. The communication link between the core network 106 and other core networks may be defined as an R5 reference point, which may include protocols for facilitating interaction between the home core network and the visited core network.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 200 in which embodiments herein may be practiced or implemented. The communication system 200 is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the disclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, communication system 200 includes a base station 202 and WTRUs 240a, 204b. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the communication system 200 can include additional components not shown in FIG.

As an example, base station 202 may be any of base station 114 (FIG. 1A), Node B 140 (FIG. 1C), eNode B 160 (FIG. 1D), and base station 170 (FIG. 1E). Base station 202 may also include similar and/or different functions as base station 114, Node B 140, eNodeB 160, and base station 170. For example, base station 202 can include functionality for supporting 5G features and implementing the programs, techniques, and the like included herein.

Base station 202 can be configured for small cell operation and/or deployment. The base station 202 can be configured to support any centimeter wave (cmW) and millimeter wave (mmW) operation. To simplify the description, the term may be used herein "x mW" refers to any of a cmW and mmW. Additionally and/or alternatively, base station 202 may also be configured to support various (eg, all or some) functions and/or features related to small cell operations and/or deployment as specified by 3GPP system version 12. In this regard, the base station 202 can be parallel, simultaneously and / or using other with LTE, LTE-A type or the like (collectively referred to as "LTE") associated with the air interface manner to operate x mW air interface. The base station 202 can be equipped with at least one of various advanced antenna configurations and beamforming techniques, for example, can allow the base station 202 to simultaneously transmit LTE downlink channels in a wide beam pattern and transmit x mW in one or more narrow beam patterns. Channel technology. The base station 202 LTE may also be arranged on the chain configuration is adapted to the features and processes (e.g., processes and features disclosed herein) has no support for having WTRU x mW or unused transport capacity of the chain is used.

As an example, each of the WTRUs 204a, 204b may be any of the WTRUs 102 (FIGS 1A-1E). Each of the WTRUs 204a, 204b may also include similar and/or different functions as the WTRU 102. The WTRUs 204a, 204b may include functionality for supporting 5G features and implementing the processes, techniques, and the like included herein. For simplicity of description, when "WTRU 204" is used herein, it may refer to any of the WTRUs 204a, 204b.

WTRU 204a, 204b each of which can be configured to support operation x mW. The WTRUs 204a, 204b may be further configured to support various (eg, all or some) functions and/or features related to user equipment operation and/or deployment as specified by the 3GPP system Release 12. WTRU 204a, 204b are each capable of parallel, simultaneously and / or otherwise interconnected to operate LTE air interface and x mW. Each WTRU 204a, 204b may have two sets of antennas and RF chains incidental; wherein a group is configured to operate in the LTE band, and the other set is configured to operate in the band x mW. However, the disclosure is not limited in this respect, and the WTRU may have any number of antenna groups and accompanying RF chains. Each WTRU 204a, 204b may include one or more baseband processors, and these may include a separate baseband processor or at least partially related to the combination of functions and x mW LTE baseband frequency band. As an example, these functions may share a baseband processor hardware architecture x mW and LTE air interface.

The initial x mW link access system design is concerned x mW can transmit data (e.g., at least a downlink transmission) is added to the existing network such as a Cellular System utilities small cell LTE network element or the like. The x mW channel can be deployed as an LTE carrier aggregation extension. As an example, x mW band can use the new carrier type, and / or may use different air interfaces LTE air interface. The x mW channel supports opportunistic applications for high traffic and/or low latency traffic data applications.

In LTE, the channel and / or x mW channel may carry control messaging. As an example, system information, paging, radio resource control (RRC), network access layer (NAS) messaging (communication radio bearers), and multicast traffic can be carried in the LTE channel. X mW for the operation of physical layer (PHY) or "L1" in the LTE control channel may carry communications and / or x mW channels.

Since x mW when the band, in particular a non-line of sight propagation loss is high (the NLOS) environments, and therefore, for example, the base station 202 and / or the WTRU 204 may use the narrow beam forming to ensure high potential and low delivery Data transmission has sufficient link budget.

Transmission and reception narrow beam pairing can be used and can be well adapted to any number of environments. For example, if operating in any of the 28 GHz and 38 GHz cities, use a corresponding steerable 10° beamwidth and 24.5 dBi horn antenna, base station 202 (WTRU 204 The transmitter and the receiver of the WTRU 204 (base station 202) can achieve a consistent coverage with a cell radius of up to 200 meters. In one embodiment, receive beamforming can be considered as narrow spatial filtering.

In addition to the narrow beams used by base station 202 and/or WTRU 204, a wide beam pattern can also be used. The wide beam pattern can be applied to (eg, conventional) LTE operations, including cell search, random access, cell selection/reselection, and the like.

Disclosed in Table 1 below are example parameters and/or assumptions relating to a typical mmW system in which embodiments herein can be practiced or implemented. This typical mmw system can be implemented in communication system 200, and for simplicity of description, the system can be described with reference to example communication system 200. The parameters and/or assumptions relating to the typical mmw system are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the disclosed embodiments. Table 1

The typical mmW system can support any of a variety of transmission time intervals (TTIs) and various system bandwidths. In particular, the supported TTI has a duration of 100 microseconds (us) or other value for achieving low latency. In particular, the supported system bandwidth is in the range of 50 megahertz (MHz) to 2 GHz, or other values used to achieve high data rates.

A frame structure of the applied waveform can be used in the typical mmw system. Other various frame structures are also available. The frame structure of the OFDM-based waveform ("OFDM-based frame structure") may provide flexibility in cooperation between LTE and mmW channels, and/or may enable common function block sharing in the WTRU 204. The basis for using an OFDM-based frame structure is provided below.

The mmW sampling frequency can be set to an integer multiple of the LTE minimum sampling frequency of 1.92 MHz. The mmW OFDM subcarrier spacing Δf may instead be set to be an integer multiple K of the LTE subcarrier spacing of 15 kilohertz (kHz), ie Δf = 15*K kHz. The setting of the integer multiple K and the resulting mmW OFDM subcarrier spacing Δf may account for sensitivity to Doppler shift, different types of frequency errors, and the ability to remove channel time dispersion.

When the Doppler shift is increased in proportion to the subcarrier spacing, the orthogonality between subcarriers may be degraded, and interference between subcarriers may increase. For example, the maximum Doppler shift at 30 km/h and 28 GHz is 778 Hz. In addition, New York University (NYU) Polytechnic's recent 28 GHz channel time dispersion measurements in dense urban areas indicate that the RMS delay spread σ is between 100 and 200 ns at a cell radius of 200 meters ( m ). A coherence bandwidth of 90% can be estimated at 1/50 sigma at 100 kHz, while a coherent bandwidth of 50% can be estimated at 1/5 sigma at 1 MHz. A subcarrier spacing Δf between 100 kHz and 1 MHz is reasonable. The subcarrier spacing of 300 kHz (K=20) is very robust for Doppler shift and other types of frequency errors and can greatly reduce implementation complexity. The corresponding symbol length (1/ Δf) is 3.33 μs .

The cyclic prefix (CP) length typically requires the entire length of the channel time to be spread across to estimate intersymbol interference. However, since the CP does not carry useful data, a CP with a long duration may cause excessive CP load. For the 3.33 μs T _symbol , considering the need to eliminate ISI and avoid excessive CP load, CP length It can be 1/14 of the T _symbol , which is 0.24 μs . In this case, the corresponding CP load is 7% as calculated by T _CP / (T _CP + T _symbol ).

In order to achieve low latency, the TTI length of the mmW transmission can be significantly smaller than the 1 ms TTI length of the LTE system. It is very beneficial to calibrate the 1 ms mmW subframe length with the 1 ms subframe timing of LTE. The mmW subframe can contain multiple mmW TTIs, where the length of the TTI is related to other parameters, such as subcarrier spacing, symbol length, CP length, fast Fourier transform (FFT) size, and the like.

In view of the above considerations, an example with a conservative CP length using 4x channel delay spread is summarized in Table 2. It should be noted that the CP length selection is based on a delay spread of less than 200 ns on all potential mmW bands. Table 2 (Example mmW downlink OFDM parameters (numerology))

An OFDM-based frame structure 300 is illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3B. As shown, the OFDM-based frame structure 300 can be used in this typical mmW system, as an example, with a system bandwidth of 1 GHz, a subcarrier spacing of 300 kHz, a symbol length of 3.33 μs , and a CP length of T. 1/4 of the _symbol (or 0.833 μs ).

The OFDM-based frame structure 300 employs an OFDM-based mmW waveform, and the waveform is easily introduced into an OFDM-based LTE (e.g., small cell) network. However, the OFDM-based frame structure 300 is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the disclosed embodiments. For example, the system programs disclosed herein are not limited by this particular frame structure and can be applied to other waveforms as well.

New reference signals, PHY channels, and/or higher layer (e.g., transport layer) channels associated with mmW operation can be used in this typical mmW system. The mmW reference signal, PHY channel, and/or higher layer channel may be used in addition to existing LTE reference signals, PHY channels, and/or higher layer channels. The mmW reference signal may include any one of a beam specific reference signal (BSRS), an adaptive antenna reference signal (AARS), and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). The mmW PHY channel may include any one of a Physical Downlink Directional Control Channel (PDDCCH) and a Physical Downlink Directional Data Channel (PDDDCH). The mmW higher layer channel may include a downlink oriented data channel (DL-DDCH). An example channel map using mmW channels is shown in FIG.

The BSRS may be a unique sequence transmitted on each transmission beam and may be used for any of beam acquisition, timing/frequency synchronization, channel estimation with respect to PDDCCH, beam tracking and measurement, and the like. The BSRS can carry (e.g., implicitly) beam identification code information. The beam identification code information may include a BSRS sequence index. BSRS can use different types of BSRS. Resources for transmitting BSRS (e.g., time and frequency resources) may be predefined and known to the device.

The AARS can be a unique sequence of dynamic scheduling and transmission, and can be used for antenna pairing-specific beam pairing measurements. The AARS may embed beam identification code information into (eg, implicitly) a sequence index, and/or may carry a small payload that includes the same information.

The PDDCCH may carry control information related to the data (eg, all) for the WTRU to correctly identify, demodulate, and decode the associated PDDDCH. The PDDDCH can be carried in a mmW narrow beam or a wide beam, and different multiple accesses (eg, TDD, FDD, etc.) can be applied. For example, when performing WTRU-specific data transmission, a common PDDCCH can be transmitted in a downlink mmW wide beam covering a sector or cell, while in a narrow beam pair, only a dedicated PDDCCH is transmitted. The dedicated PDDCCH can carry schedule information for its associated PDDDCH on a per TTI basis and does not carry beam specific information. The common PDDCCH may include cell-specific information, and the cell-specific information includes a sector/segment identification code or a beam identification code. In addition, the WTRU may read the common PDDCCH to determine if it is scheduled for the narrow beam pairing process to begin (eg, perform) narrow beam data transmission.

The PDDDCH can carry payload information received from the mmW Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the form of MAC PDUs. The complete resource allocation for this channel is determined by the downlink scheduling information carried in the PDDCCH. The PDDDCH for the WTRU may be transmitted in a narrow transmission (Tx) beam and may be received in a properly paired narrow receive (Rx) beam (e.g., narrow beam pairing). Due to this spatial isolation between the narrow Tx and Rx beams, the PDDDCHs that are in different beam pairs and used for different WTRUs can reuse any time, frequency, and code resources. Multiple access techniques are used in the time, frequency or code domain, and multiple PDDDCHs can also operate in one beam pairing. In addition, the common PDDDCH can be used to carry data in a wide mmW antenna pattern associated with a common PDDCCH.

The DMRS may include symbols embedded in the transmission for channel estimation of the PDDDCH. These symbols can be placed in the time and frequency domains in accordance with the (pre-defined) field pattern to ensure that the channel is correctly interpreted and reconstructed.

All channels and reference symbols in a narrow beam (or narrow beam pairing) can be equally beamformed and can be considered to be transmitted via a physical antenna. Carrying broadcast or multicast information over a narrow beam is not necessarily optimal considering the directionality of the transmission.

In this typical mmW system, various beamforming techniques and/or architectures may be implemented by/at the WTRU 204 and/or base station 202. The WTRU 204 may use a phase antenna array (PAA). The PAA can provide beamforming gain to compensate for high path loss at the mmW frequency; the short wavelength of the mmW frequency allows for a small form factor for the PAA. The spacing between the elements of the PAA can be 0.5 λ (as commonly used in theoretical performance analysis) or greater, such as 0.7 λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the carrier/center frequency of the mmW band. The PAA can be implemented in different ways, such as shown in Figures 5 through 9.

Referring to Figure 5, there is shown an example PAA 502 implemented in a transceiver 500 that uses a full digitized beamforming method. The transceiver 500 can include a dedicated RF chain 506 for each of the antenna elements 504 in the PAA 502. Each dedicated RF chain 506 can include an RF processing component 508 and an analog digital converter (ADC) 510. The signals processed by each antenna element 504 can be independently controlled in phase and amplitude to optimize channel capacity.

Figure 6 shows an example PAA 602 implemented in a transceiver 600 using an analog beamforming method. The transceiver 600 can include a single RF chain 606 for the entire PAA 602. Each antenna element 604 of PAA 602 is communicatively coupled to phase shifter 612. Each phase shifter 612 can be used to set weighting for beamforming and/or steering. Compared to the fully digitized beamforming method of transceiver 500 (Fig. 5), the analog beamforming method of transceiver 600 is relatively low in cost and complexity due to the relatively small number of RF chains, and it has Lower energy consumption.

In the example shown, the phase of the signal on each antenna element is adjusted (e.g., moved) in beamforming. This phase shifting and combining process can be implemented at different stages, including any of RF, baseband (BB) analog, and local oscillator (LO).

FIG. 7 shows an example PAA 702 implemented in a transceiver 700 using an analog beamforming method. The analog beamforming method of transceiver 700 is similar to the analog beamforming method of transceiver 600 except that it includes two RF chains 706A-B that are communicatively coupled to a single PAA 702. Figure 8 shows an example PAA 802A-B implemented in a transceiver 800 using an analog beamforming method. The analog beamforming method of the transceiver 800 is similar to the analog beamforming method of the transceiver 700, which is similar in that the PAA 802A-B has a corresponding dedicated RF chain 806A-B. FIG. 9 shows an example of a plurality of PAAs 902A-N implemented in a transceiver 900 using an analog beamforming method. The analog beamforming method of the transceiver 900 is similar to the analog beamforming method of the transceiver 600, which is similar in that a plurality of PAAs 802A-B have a single RF chain 906.

Analog beamforming algorithms may include fixed codebook based beamforming and continuous phase shift beamforming. Using fixed codebook based beamforming, a grid or fixed set of beams can be generated. Each beam is applied from a predefined codebook by application Beamforming weighting vector selected Formed, where N represents the number of fixed beams. Each vector may include a pre-calibrated phase shift for all phase shifters and may represent a unique analog beam direction, ie, a "beam." The number of beams may depend on beamforming and the half power beamwidth (HPBW) of the desired coverage.

Using continuous phase shift beamforming, the expected weighting of each phase shifter can be calculated based on the estimated short-term channel information, and the desired weighting can be converted using a high-resolution digital analog converter (DAC) to apply it. Phase shifter. Continuous phase shift beamforming provides continuous and adaptive beamforming to track channel conditions. Continuous phase shift beamforming will perform well in scenarios with increased multipath, wide angle spread, and low WTRU mobility.

Although not shown, the hybrid beamforming method is equally usable. This hybrid approach can combine some of the elements of the digital and analog beamforming methods. Such a hybrid beamforming method can include analog beamforming performed on a PAA antenna element associated with a corresponding phase shifter, and all PAA antenna elements and associated phase shifters can be communicatively coupled to one or more RF chain. The method can further include digital precoding applied on the baseband signal of each RF chain when there is more than one RF chain. As an example, a MIMO implementation can be implemented with digital precoding processing.

The basic system parameters for hybrid beamforming may include any of the following: number of data streams N _DATA , number of RF chains (TRX) N _TRX , number of antennas (AP) N _AP , number of antenna elements (AE) N _AE, and number of PAAs N _PAA . As an example, as disclosed herein, the configuration of these parameters may affect the functionality and performance of the system.

In one embodiment,

A PAA may include multiple antenna elements, such as a 4x4 PAA having 16 antenna elements. The antenna 埠 can be defined such that the channel of another symbol on the same antenna 埠 can be inferred from the channel transmitting the symbol on one antenna 。. There can be one resource grid per antenna. The cell-specific reference signal can support one, two or four antenna configurations, and can be in the antenna respectively , as well as Send on. MBSFN reference signal can be in the antenna埠 Send on. The WTRU-specific reference signal associated with the PDSCH may be in one or more antennas埠 , , Or Sent in one or several or one. The demodulation reference signal associated with the EPDCCH can be One or several of the links are transmitted. Positioning reference signal can be in the antenna埠 Send on. The CSI reference signal can support one, two, four or eight antenna ports and can be placed in the antenna respectively. , , as well as Send on. Each antenna 可以 can carry a beamforming reference signal that is uniquely associated with the antenna 。. The beamforming reference signal can be used to identify the antenna frame. When the number of TRXs is equal to the number of antenna elements (for example, one RF chain per day line component), the antenna configuration will become a fully digital solution (as shown in Figure 5).

According to Figure 6, a PAA can be connected to an RF chain or can be connected to multiple RF chains according to system requirements and configurations. As an example, according to Fig. 7, a PA of size 4x4 can be connected to two RF chains, and each RF chain has a set of 16 phase shifters. The PAA can form two narrow beam patterns in the coverage of +45° and -45° in the azimuthal plane. In this configuration, .

As an example, in accordance with Figure 8, each of the two PAAs can be communicatively coupled to a dedicated RF chain, such as . This configuration can allow spatial independence between two simultaneous beams by placing the PAA in different orientations (eg, different orientations in the azimuthal plane). The calibrated PAA settings provide greater aggregate coverage than the configuration in Figure 7. A configuration with two RF chains can apply MIMO with two data streams.

In one embodiment, . Multiple PAAs can be communicatively coupled to a single RF chain by using a switch in accordance with FIG. Each PAA forms a narrow beam pattern covering from +45° to -45° in the azimuth plane. Each PAA can be individually oriented, so a single beam solution can provide good coverage by using narrow beams in different directions at different times.

In one embodiment, . when A single beam configuration is used and one beam can be used at a time to perform the operation. This beamforming process forms a narrow beam pattern in the strongest angular direction, such as on a line of sight (LOS) path obtained from beam measurements. Alternatively, the beamforming process can form a wide beam pattern, for example, a wide main lobe covering a range of continuous angular directions including a strong angular direction and a weak angular direction.

when When, for example, when Two simultaneous beam patterns can be used, these beam patterns can be different, and/or can be used for different applications. Two narrow beam patterns can be formed at different angles of entry to receive a data stream. For example, using coherent beam combining can utilize spatial diversity and mitigate blocking effects and/or weak LOS conditions. Alternatively, a narrow beam and a wide beam can be formed. For example, the narrow beam can be used for data transmission, which can be used to control communication.

As an example, when The transmission can apply MIMO to increase capacity, such as in high SNR channel conditions. Two narrow beam patterns can be formed at different angles of entry to receive two streams in parallel.

Although described with reference to a WTRU, an exemplary beamforming method can also be performed by a base station. Embodiments for base station beamforming may also include fixed beams, such as codebook based and codebook based adaptive beamforming, and typical beamforming, such as direction of arrival (DoA) estimation. Each embodiment will require a different program and will work well in some scenarios. For example, the DoA estimate may require a small angular spread, and the WTRU may need to transmit an LTE uplink reference signal to ensure DoA accuracy. Fixed beam systems may require beam cycling and switching procedures.

The antenna configuration and beamforming in the following description are based on the single beam antenna configuration with analog beamforming as shown in FIG.

The term "beam" as used herein may refer to one of the transmitted radiation pattern and/or the received gain pattern of the antenna array, such as a main lobe/side lobe/gate lobe. The term "beam" can refer to the spatial direction represented by the set beam weighting. The beam may be identified and/or associated with a reference signal, an antenna frame, a beam identification code (ID), a scrambling sequence number, and may be transmitted at a particular time and/or frequency and/or code and/or spatial resource. And / or receive. The beam can be formed in a digital manner, analogously, or both using both methods (mixed beamforming). Analog beamforming can be based on a fixed codebook or continuous phase shift.

The data channel beam can be used to transmit any of the following: data channel, data channel beam, PDSCH, mmW PDSCH (mPDSCH), mmW data channel, directional PDSCH, beamforming data channel, spatial data channel, data channel slice or high frequency Data channel. The data channel beam can be identified or associated with any of the reference signal, antenna frame, beam identification code (ID), scrambling sequence number, and can be at a particular time and/or frequency and/or code and/or space resource. Transmitted and/or received.

The control channel beam can be used to transmit any of the following: control channel, control channel beam, PDCCH, mPDCCH, mmW PDCCH, mmW control channel, directional PDCCH, beamforming control channel, spatial control channel, control channel slice or high frequency Control channel. The control channel beam may be identified by or associated with a reference signal, antenna frame, beam identification code (ID), scrambling sequence number, and may be transmitted at a particular time and/or frequency and/or code and/or spatial resource. And / or receive.

The control channel beam duration may be the number of OFDM symbols in the TTI that are occupied by one control channel beam.

The control region may be the number of OFDM symbols in the TTI occupied by all control channel beams transmitted in the TTI.

The measurement beam can be used to transmit signals or channels for beam measurement, including any of the following: beam reference signals, beam measurement reference signals, CRS, CSI-RS, CSI-IM, and the like. The measurement beam can be identified or associated with a reference signal, an antenna frame, a beam identification code (ID), a scrambling sequence number, and can be transmitted at a particular time and/or frequency and/or code and/or space resource and / or receive.

In the embodiments described herein, the base station, eNB, mmW base station/eNB (mB), cell, small cell, PCell, SCell are used interchangeably. The term "operation" can be used interchangeably with transmission and/or reception. The term "component carrier" and/or the term "mmW carrier" can be used interchangeably with a serving cell.

In some embodiments, the term WTRU may replace an eNB, and vice versa, and doing so still conforms to the disclosure. In some embodiments, the UL may replace the DL and vice versa, and doing so is still in accordance with the present disclosure.

The term "channel" can refer to a frequency band having a center or carrier frequency and bandwidth. The spectrum may include one or more channels that may or may not overlap. Channels, frequency channels, wireless channels, and mmW channels are interchangeable. As an example, accessing a channel is the same as using the channel, for example performing transmission and/or reception on the channel.

The term "channel" may refer to an mmW channel and/or signal, such as an uplink channel and/or a signal and/or a downlink channel or signal. The downlink channel and signal may include one or more of the following: mmW synchronization signal, mmW broadcast channel, mmW cell reference signal, mmW beam reference signal, mmW beam control channel, mmW beam data channel, mmW hybrid ARQ indicator channel, mmW demodulation reference signal, PSS, SSS, DMRS, CRS, CSI-RS, PBCH, PDCCH, PHICH, EPDCCH, and PDSCH. The uplink channel and signal may include one or more of the following: mmW PRACH, mmW control channel, mmW data channel, mmW beam reference signal, mmW demodulation reference signal, PRACH, PUCCH, SRS, DMRS, and PUSCH. Channels and mmW channels are interchangeable. Channels and signals are used interchangeably. PRACH and preamble are used interchangeably.

The term "data/control" may refer to data and/or control signals and/or channels. This control can include synchronization. The data/control can be mmW data/control. Data/control and data/control channels and/or signals are used interchangeably. Channels and signals are used interchangeably. The terms control channel, control channel beam, PDCCH, mPDCCH, mmW PDCCH, mmW control channel, directional PDCCH, beamforming control channel, spatial control channel, control channel slice, high frequency control channel are interchangeable. The term data channel, data channel beam, PDSCH, mPDSCH, mmW PDSCH, mmW data channel, directional PDSCH, beamforming data channel, spatial data channel, data channel slice, and high frequency data channel are interchangeable.

The term "channel resource" can refer to any time, frequency, code, and/or spatial resource (eg, 3GPP LTE or LTE-A resources). The channel resource can carry one or more channels and/or signals. The term "channel resource" can be used interchangeably with channels and/or signals.

The term mmW beam reference signal, mmW reference resource for beam measurement, mmW measurement reference signal, mmW channel state measurement reference signal, mmW demodulation reference signal, mmW sounding reference signal, reference signal, CSI-RS, CRS, DM-RS , DRS, measurement reference signals, reference resources for measurement, CSI-IM and measurement RS are used interchangeably. The mmW cell, the mmW small cell, the SCell, the helper cell, the authorized helper cell, the unlicensed cell, and the LAA cell are used interchangeably. The mmW cell, the mmW small cell, the PCell, the host cell, the LTE cell, and the authorized cell are used interchangeably.

The terms interference and interference plus noise are used interchangeably.

The WTRU may determine the UL and/or DL direction of one or more subframes based on one or more received and/or configured TDD UL/DL configurations. UL/DL and UL-DL are used interchangeably.

The terms transmission power, power, and antenna array transmission power are used interchangeably. The terms x mW, cmW and mmW are used interchangeably.

As a background, the amount of transmission of wireless communication systems has been significantly increased by the introduction of new technologies in LTE and Wi-Fi. However, these technologies are not sufficient for future applications, and these applications will require a gigabit/second throughput and a latency of 1 millisecond. Therefore, research on a new RAT named 5G has begun.

A very critical component of the 5G RAT is the radio waveform. OFDM has been and is currently being used for LTE and Wi-Fi. The benefits of OFDM include its simplicity in converting a frequency selective channel to a subchannel with a smaller flat fading, thereby allowing one sub-equalization of each sub-channel. Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) uses a DFT extended data sequence to improve the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM before loading the spread signal onto the subchannel.

OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM will link the CP to each OFDM symbol. The CP can serve as a precaution against inter-symbol interference (ISI) that may be caused by channel delay spread, and thus can ensure periodicity. The CP length is usually fixed and its size is adjusted according to the channel's maximum delay spread. However, when the actual delay spread of the channel is less than the CP length, spectral efficiency will suffer. When the variance of the RMS delay spread of the channel is large, the loss will be very significant. For example, in an mmW channel, the delay spread may be less than 4 ns for indoor channels in LOS conditions, and up to 70 ns for indoor channels in non-LOS (NLOS) conditions. Since changing the length of the CP will change the number of OFDM symbols in the subframe, it is generally not feasible to configure a number of different CP sizes for a fixed subframe duration.

A zero-tailed (ZT) OFDM based waveform can be used to replace the waveform of the additional CP based OFDM. Waveforms based on ZT OFDM separate the parameters from the channel characteristics. In a ZT OFDM based waveform, each OFDM symbol has a zero tail for a given duration. The duration of the zero tail can be dynamically adapted to the channel delay spread without changing the OFDM symbol duration. In addition, the zero tail can also be used as a gap for beam switching, DL/UL switching, and interference measurement in the mmW channel.

Figure 10 is a block diagram showing an example pulse shaping unit 1000 of a transmitter configured to generate a ZT DFT-s-OFDM waveform. The pulse shaping unit 1000 may include an M-dot DFT unit 1010, a subcarrier mapping (SM) unit 1012, and an N-point fast Fourier inverse transform (IFFT) unit 1014. An OFDM symbol having a zero tail and/or a zero head output from the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1014 may include M data symbol samples and between each of the M data symbols (N _IFFT Point / M-1) Interpolated samples. Forming the samples of the OFDM symbols output from the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1014 may be performed by feeding N _h and N _t zero values to the input at the head and tail of the M point DFT unit 1010 and by n _d data The symbol is fed to the input between the head and the tail of the M-point DFT unit 1010 to be generated.

With an M-point DFT unit 1010, SM unit 1012 and N _IFFT-point IFFT combined operation 1014, is fed to the input of the M-point DFT unit 1010 N _h and N _t zero value causes the N _IFFT -point IFFT unit 1014 The head and/or tail produces samples of zero, almost zero, or a combination of all two values (collectively referred to as "~zero value samples"). In general, the output of the M-point DFT unit 1010 fed to the SM unit 1012 is mapped to a subset of subcarriers and output from the SM unit input 1012 to a continuous input set of N _IFFT point IFFT units 1014 corresponding to the subset of subcarriers. . The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1014 can process the input set and pass the processed input to its output.

_H zero values fed to an M-point DFT unit located at the head end of the N input 1010 result in N-point IFFT _IFFT outputs N headend ~ _ZH a zero value sample 1014. Feeding N _t samples at the input of the tail of the M-point DFT unit 1010 results in the output of N _zt ~ zero value samples at the tail end of the I _IFFT size IFFT unit 1014. Although the OFDM symbol output from the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1014 includes N _zh to zero value samples corresponding to N _h zero values and N _t zero values fed to the M point DFT unit 1010, and N _zt ~ zero Numerical samples, but the tail/head of the OFDM symbol is not necessarily completely zero, since (at least some) the interpolated samples are data dependent. Furthermore, since the interpolated samples depend on the data, the zero head/tail will differ from one DFT-s symbol to the next DFT-s symbol. One disadvantage of the ZT DFT-s OFDM signal is that an imperfect zero tail will interrupt the cyclic nature of the OFDM signal and will produce ISI. In high latency extended channels, this will result in a bit error rate floor (BER floor) at high SNR.

Although the zero tail/head generation mechanism shown in FIG. 10 is directed to a DFT-s OFDM waveform, it is clear to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description that the waveforms for other OFDM waveforms are high. The zero head/tail of the complexity produces the modifications made by the solution.

Figure 11 is a block diagram showing an example of a transmitter 1100 configured to generate a unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM) waveform. The OFDM symbols generated by transmitter 1100 include a fixed reference called a "unique word." This unique word can be used for synchronization, channel estimation, and phase tracking purposes. This unique word can be used as a guard interval against ISI and can be kept periodic, eliminating the need for a CP.

The transmitter 1100 may include a redundancy data generating unit 1108, a permutation unit 1110, a B unit 1112, a N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1114, a unique word insertion (UW insertion) unit 1116, and a parallel to serial converter 1118. The redundant data generating unit 1108 can receive N _d modulated data symbols d. The redundant data generating unit 1108 can output the N _r redundant material signals r to the replacing unit 1110. The redundant data generating unit 1108 can generate N _r redundant data signals by precoding N _d modulated data symbols.

The permutation unit 1110 can receive the N _d modulated data symbols and the N _r redundant data signals. The permutation unit 1110 can apply a permutation matrix to map N _d modulated data symbols and N _r redundant data signals to appropriate subcarriers. The subcarriers mapped by the N _r redundant data signals can be selected such that the power of the redundant data does not become excessive.

The B unit 1112 can receive N _d modulated data symbols and N _r redundant data signals mapped to the subcarriers. The B unit 1112 can insert one or more null subcarriers for protecting the band. The B unit 1112 may output a signal N _IFFT to the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1114, the signal including N _d modulated data symbols mapped to subcarriers, N _r redundant data signals, and null values. The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1114 can receive the signal N _IFFT and can generate a sample corresponding to the signal N _IFFT . Samples generated from null values may be forced to zero and may be output from the tail of the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1114 to form the tail of the OFDM symbol. UW insertion unit 1116 can receive the output from N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1114. The UW insertion unit 1116 can insert a determined unique sequence (unique word) in the zero value tail of the OFDM symbol. This determined unique sequence can be used to advance tasks such as synchronization, channel estimation, and the like.

The transmitted signal with zero tail can be written Where B inserts a zero subcarrier for protection of the band. Writable , redundant data can be calculated as ,among them .

Defects of UW OFDM signals include: (i) high Tx and Rx complexity; (ii) per matrix allocation, permutation matrix P needs to be optimized to minimize the power of redundant subcarriers (this leads to transmitters) Computational complexity and resulting in a traffic load because the permutation matrix needs to be known at the receiver to decode the data); and (iii) UW-OFDM is used to support the permutation matrix for each resource allocation. Frequency domain scheduling and multiple users are very difficult. Initial cell synchronization review

Initial cell synchronization (ICS) can be defined to determine the downlink timing and identification code of the cell. The ICS may perform when the WTRU is turned on to search for cells that are suitable for camping. The cell search may provide a function for determining a signal power level of a specific channel such as PCPICH in UMTS and CRS in LTE, and a function for determining a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) level, for example, Triggering events such as switching and cell reselection help.

Figure 12 shows an example UMTS communication structure 1200 for a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH), a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH), and a common pilot channel (CPICH). As shown in Fig. 12, SYNCH (P-SCH and S-SCH) and PBCH channels use separate resources.

Synchronization can be performed in three phases. The first phase may include performing time slot offset detection on the P-SCH. The second phase may include performing group number detection on the S-SCH (each of the 64 groups has 16 codes, which constitute 512 primary cell IDs), and is executed on the S-SCH Frame timing detection. The third phase may include performing cell ID detection using the P-CPICH. After the third phase, the main block (MIB) and the system block (SIB) can be read. The detectable cells include those with P-SCH and SCH SNIR > -20 dB and P-CPICH SNIR > -20 dB. In known channels, the initial synchronization time is less than 5 seconds and it includes periods for performing the three synchronization phases, reading the MIB and SIB, and for performing RACH preamble transmission.

Figure 13 shows an example LTE communication structure 1300 for a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). As shown in Figure 13, the SYNCH (PSS and SSS) and PBCH channels can use separate resources and can be spread over 6 resource blocks (RBs) and 62 central subcarriers.

Synchronization can be performed in three phases. The first phase may include performing a symbol timing offset detection using PSS and determining whether Nid(2) = {0, 1, 2}. The second phase may include using SSS to perform frame timing detection, determining whether CP length = {normal, extended}, determining whether Nid(1) = {0, 1, ..., 168}, and determining whether Cell_ID = f ( Nid(1), Nid(2)). The third stage can include reading the MIB and SIB, as well as determining the bandwidth, number of antennas, and so on. The detectable cells include those with PSS and SSS SNIR > -3 dB. In known channels, the initial synchronization time is less than 5 seconds and includes periods for performing three synchronization phases, reading MIBs and SIBs, and performing RACH preamble transmission. Example high efficiency OFDM based waveform

Zero-tailed waveforms and other high-efficiency waveforms based on OFDM (collectively referred to as " he -OFDM-based waveforms") can decouple parameters from channel characteristics. The zero tail duration can be dynamically adapted to the channel delay spread without changing the OFDM symbol duration. In addition, the zero tail can be used as a gap for beam switching, DL/UL switching, and interference measurement in the mmW channel.

In order to improve resource allocation efficiency, he -OFDM-based waveforms such as ZT DFT-s OFDM, UW OFDM, and variations thereof have been proposed to enable variable cyclic prefix lengths within OFDM symbols. In today's communication standards such as UMTS and LTE, separate resources are allocated for the SYNCH and PBCH channels. By utilizing the proposed waveform, it is desirable to perform simultaneous transmission of SYNCH and PBCH channels on the same symbol to improve resource utilization efficiency.

In a honeycomb system based on highly directional antenna beamforming designed for the cmW and mmW bands, coverage loss occurs between initial system acquisition (ICA) and conventional user data exchange operations (eg, post ICA) due to beamforming gain. Match. By extending the ICA coverage with wide beams, it is possible to require very long synchronization sequences and heavy system information (SI) bit coding. This in turn will shorten the initial acquisition time (IAT), but may reduce resource usage efficiency. The use of narrow beams can increase the cell radius for control plane channels such as SYNCH and PBCH, and may reduce the need for long synchronization sequences and heavy SI bit encoding processing. However, compared to wide beams, with such a narrow beam, the search space is likely to be large and it is possible to miss the target. In this case, the effect of using a narrow beam will become an increase in the overall IAT. It is therefore necessary to optimize and adapt the design system for initial synchronization.

The present disclosure relates, inter alia, to methods, apparatus, systems, apparatus, and computer program products for highly synchronized systems and initial synchronization in highly oriented systems. In one embodiment, a he -OFDM based waveform can be used (adapted to) the initial synchronization. For example, such a he -OFDM based waveform may be any of the following: a zero tail (ZT) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM ("ZT DFT-s-OFDM") waveform; a unique word (UW) DFT-s -OFDM waveform; enhanced ZT (eZT) DFT-s-OFDM waveform; eZT OFDM-based waveform; ZT DFT-s-OFDM, UW DFT-s-OFDM, eZT DFT-s-OFDM, and eZT OFDM-based waveforms Any of the variants; and other similar types of waveforms.

In one embodiment, the initial synchronization may be performed by using an OFDM signal carrying synchronization information in at least the tail of one or more modulation symbols of each OFDM symbol. For example, one or more modulation symbols can be concentrated within a single sub-band (ie, in a single subcarrier or in multiple consecutive subcarriers). Such a single sub-band can be mapped to a particular sub-band of the available channels, such as the central sub-band of the available channels. Alternatively, the modulation symbols may be spread among multiple sub-bands, and such multiple sub-bands may, for example, be mapped to a central sub-band as well as other sub-bands. The other sub-bands can be selected to avoid the power of the modulated symbols becoming too large.

In one embodiment, the synchronization information carried at the end of the modulation symbol may include symbol timing synchronization information. In one embodiment, the synchronization information carried in the non-tailed portion of the modulated symbol may include a sequence for identifying a cell identifier (ID) and/or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

In accordance with the new methods and/or techniques provided herein, an OFDM signal can be generated by using (adaptive) a signal generated based on a he -OFDM based waveform. As an example, a time domain signal with a zero tail ("zero tail time domain signal") can be generated using: (i) a he -OFDM based waveform generator, and (ii) an input as such a generator Synchronization information and / or information and zero value. Thereafter, synchronization information such as symbol timing synchronization information can be inserted into the zero tail of the zero-tailed time domain signal to adapt the zero-tail time domain signal to the time domain signal information in which the synchronization information is inserted at the end ("synchronous tail time domain"Signal"). The sync tail time domain signal can be converted to the frequency domain and then mapped to a set of subcarriers and then converted back to the time domain. Thereafter, the sync tail time domain signal may undergo parallel to serial train conversion and/or other processing to form an OFDM symbol. The OFDM symbol can be transmitted on a beamformed beam.

According to the new methods and/or techniques provided herein, multiple types of synchronization information can be transmitted in the same OFDM symbol. For example, an OFDM symbol can have a tail and at least one other portion. The trailer may carry symbol timing synchronization information in accordance with such insertion of such symbol timing synchronization information into the OFDM symbol trailer (e.g., as described above) in the time domain. The other portion may carry a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or synchronization information, such as a sequence for identifying a cell identifier (ID), in accordance with frequency domain insertion. The frequency domain insertion process can be performed in accordance with the use of such information as input to generate a zero tail time domain signal.

According to the new methods and/or techniques provided herein, separate beams can be used for simultaneous information and data channel transmission. In one embodiment, a wide beam can be used for simultaneous information transmission and a narrow beam can be used for data channel transmission. The isochronous information transmission carried on the wide beam can be mapped on the central subband of the available channels. The data channel carried on the narrow beam can be mapped onto sub-bands that are orthogonal to the central sub-band (eg, sub-bands that are not used by the sync beam).

According to the new methods and/or techniques provided herein, coordination between adjacent cells can be performed in conjunction with synchronous information transmission. In one embodiment, Synchronous Channel ("SYNCH") and PBCH transmission multiplexing may be performed on multiple partitions and may increase the likelihood of SYNCH detection and PBCH decoding.

Target cell-assisted switching can be performed in accordance with the new methods and/or techniques provided herein. In one embodiment, directed area focus and SYNCH power boost can be used.

The term "SYNCH" as used herein may refer to a synchronization signal and/or synchronization information including two different types of sequences, S1 and S2. S1 can be used for initial acquisition in the time domain. This S1 can be used for symbol and/or time slot timing setup. This S1 can be mainly used for time domain processing. S1 can identify the beginning of one or more S2s.

S2 can be used to identify the cell ID. This S2 can be used for frame timing establishment. And the S2 can identify the beginning of the PBCH. S2 can be inserted into the data and time domain and can be fully encoded to meet the detection needs.

The PBCH can carry the MIB and can carry additional parameters from the SIB.

The terms "SYNCH beam" and "synchronous beam" as used herein may refer to a beam used to transmit SYNCH, including any of S1, S2, PBCH, and one or more SIBs. The term "asynchronous beam" as used herein may refer to a beam used to transmit other information than SYNCH, such as data and/or control channels. The term "sector" as used herein may refer to an angular portion of an omnidirectional coverage area. Each sector can represent a unique cell. The term "partition" as used herein may refer to an angular portion of a sector. Example transfer in a highly oriented system

The methods and/or techniques provided herein may allow for synchronous signal transmission in highly directional systems. The methods and/or techniques provided herein are capable of matching coverage with respect to synchronized channels and data channels.

Figure 14 shows an example of an OFDM signal 1400 generated using a he -OFDM based waveform. The OFDM signal 1400 includes two OFDM symbols 1402a, 1402b, each of which has a respective data portion 1404a, 1404b and tails 1406a, 1406b. The tails 1406a, 1406b can be zero tails, unique words, or a combination thereof. Effective synchronization can be achieved with he -OFDM based waveforms by using the tails 1406a, 1406b to transmit the synchronization signal.

The tails 1406a, 1406b can be configured to carry synchronization information that facilitates symbol timing acquisition, such as S1. One or both of the data portions 1404a, 1404b may carry synchronization information, such as S2, to facilitate acquisition of other information such as frame/subframe timing and/or cell ID.

Figure 15 shows an example OFDM signal 1500 resulting from the transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams 1502a, 1502b. The separate beams 1502a, 1502b may be generated by a base station capable of simultaneously generating at least two Tx beams and transmitted from the base station. The base station can be equipped with multiple RF chains to simultaneously generate the Tx beam.

As shown, synchronization information (e.g., S1/S2/PBCH) can be carried on beam 1502a, and data channel transmission can be performed on beam 1502b. Beam 1502a can have a wide beamwidth. Beam 1502b can have a narrow beamwidth (at least compared to beam 1502a).

The base station can periodically swept the beam 1502a (synchronous beam) within the partition (e.g., Figure 31). The swept beam 1502a may allow cell width coverage of the sync signal. The base station can direct the beam 1502b (data beam) to a particular area, for example, in accordance with the need for data channel transmission for the scheduled WTRU.

Since the two beams 1502a, 1502b are likely to overlap in the spatial domain, the synchronization signal transmitted on the (plick/scan) beam 1502a and the data/control signal transmitted on the narrow beam 1502b can be separated using frequency domain processing. . As an example, signals transmitted on sync beam 1502a may be limited in the frequency domain, for example, to subcarriers or subchannel sets. The set of subcarriers/subchannels may be pre-defined and/or specified. An example of a subcarrier/subchannel set is n central subcarriers. The signal transmitted on the asynchronous beam 1502b (which may include data, control, etc.) may be mapped to one or more subcarriers that are not assigned to the sync beam 1502a/not used by the sync beam 1502a.

Figure 16 shows an example OFDM signal 1600 resulting from the transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on synchronous and non-synchronized beams 1602a, 1602b. As shown, the signals transmitted on the sync beam 1602a can be mapped to the center subcarrier, and the signals transmitted on the asynchronous beam 1602b can be mapped to other subcarriers than the center subcarrier (otherwise not assigned to the sync beam) / is used by the sync beam).

Figure 17 shows an example OFDM signal 1700 resulting from the transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams 1702a, 1702b. As shown, the sync beam (beam 1702a) can carry data including user data in OFDM symbols that are not used to carry synchronization information. Doing so may allow efficient use of resources corresponding to sync beam 1702a. In the example shown, in the time domain, the first x OFDM symbols of the TTI carry synchronization (represented by "s"), and the next y OFDM symbols of the TTI carry data (represented by "sd"), where x+y = total number of OFDM symbols per TTI.

Figure 18 shows an example OFDM signal 1800 resulting from the transmission of synchronization information over a sync beam. The same UW, syUW , can be used for each sync symbol s and data symbol sd transmitted on the sync beam. As shown, each sync symbol s may include sync information sync-ch and UW, ie syUW ; and each data symbol sd may include data channel information data-ch and UW, ie syUW . The data channel information may be a public or dedicated data channel mapped in the frequency domain and may be transmitted on the data portion of the OFDM symbol. The UW, syUW, may be synchronization information transmitted at the end of the OFDM symbol. Example synchronization procedures and / or techniques

In the subsequent description, the transmission of the synchronization information and the data channel information can be performed on a separate beam. For the sake of simplicity, one beam can be used for synchronization purposes, and any other number of beams are used to transmit the data channel to one or more users (as an example, the other beams can be narrow beams to provide high gain) . These beams can be generated by base stations that can simultaneously generate at least two Tx beams, such as using hybrid beamforming, and can be transmitted from the base station. The base station can be equipped with multiple RF chains to simultaneously generate such Tx beams.

For the sake of brevity, the OFDM signal carried on the synchronization beam may include (i) symbol timing synchronization information (eg, S1) inserted at the end of the OFDM symbol in the time domain, and (ii) TTI/frame timing information, and / or other synchronization information inserted in one or more data subcarriers in the frequency domain.

Figure 19 shows an example transmitter 1900 configured to generate an OFDM signal for transmitting synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams. The transmitter 1900 can include first and second waveform generators 1901a, 1901b. The first waveform generator 1901a can generate an OFDM signal that can be transmitted on a sync beam. The second waveform generator 1901b can generate an OFDM signal that can be transmitted on the data beam.

The first waveform generator 1901a may include a pulse wave shaping unit 1903a, a time domain insertion unit 1905a, a subchannel mapping unit 1907a, a parallel to serial train converter 1909a, and a beamforming unit 1911a. The pulse shaping unit 1903a may be configured to be a ZT DFT-s-OFDM waveform generator, and may include an M-dot DFT unit 1910a, a subcarrier mapping (SM) unit 1912a, and an N-dot inverse DFT (IDFT) unit 1914a. The subchannel mapping unit 1907a may include an N point DFT unit 1920a, a subcarrier mapping (SM) unit 1922a, and an N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924a.

A zero tail (or approximately zero tail) time domain OFDM signal may be generated on a symbol by symbol basis using pulse shaping unit 1903a. As shown, Nt and Nh zero samples can be fed to the tail and head inputs of M-point DFT unit 1910a, respectively. Common and/or synchronization information such as S2 and/or PBCH may be fed to one or more remaining inputs of M-point DFT unit 1910a. The output of M-point DFT unit 1910a may be mapped to N-point IDFT unit 1914a, where N>M may be an integer multiple of M. The resulting output of the N-point IDFT unit 1914a may be a time-domain OFDM symbol having Nzt approximate zero values at the tail and samples having Nzh approximate zero values at the head, where: Equation (1) .. Equation (2)

Each time domain OFDM symbol output from the N-point IDFT unit 1914a is fed to the input of the time domain insertion unit 1905a. The time domain insertion unit 1905a may insert (add) a symbol level synchronization sequence (eg, S1) into the time domain OFDM symbol to replace the Nzt approximate zero value samples of the tail and/or the Nzh approximate zero value samples of the header; The result is a time domain OFDM symbol ("SYNC type OFDM symbol") that carries multiple types of synchronization information. The synchronization sequence can be a fixed sequence and can have a predefined length. Alternatively, the synchronization sequence may be dynamically or semi-statically configured, and/or its length may be configurable. Once the desired length of the synchronization sequence is determined, the pulse shaping unit 1903a can set the required number to be fed at the input of the M-point DFT unit 1910a as calculated using equations (1) and/or equation (2) ( A zero-tailed sample of Nt) where N and M are known for any given resource assignment.

The time domain insertion unit 1905a may feed the generated OFDM type OFDM symbol to the subchannel mapping unit 1907a. Subchannel mapping unit 1907a may map OFDM type OFDM symbols to a central subband and/or other subbands of available channels that are orthogonal to other subcarriers used for data channel transmission on the data beam. As an example, the SYNC type OFDM symbols may be mapped to N subcarriers centers (e.g. one or more sub-band) (where N total subcarriers may comprise _{the IFFT} subcarriers used and the protection of the N total subcarriers in _{the IFFT} Subcarrier). As an example, subchannel mapping unit 1907a may use frequency domain guard band insertion on N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924a to mask all N _IFFT subcarriers orthogonal to the center of N subcarriers (and/or other desired subcarriers). . The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924a may feed the subband mapped OFDM type OFDM symbols to the parallel to serial train converter 1909a to convert and output to the beamforming unit 1911a, which performs beamforming to The transmission is performed on the sync beam.

The second waveform generator 1901b may include pulse wave shaping units 1903b, 1903c, time domain insertion units 1905b, 1905c, subchannel mapping units 1907b, 1907c, parallel to serial train converter 1909b, and beamforming unit 1911b. The pulse wave shaping units 1903b, 1903c may include respective M-point DFT units 1910b, 1910c, subcarrier mapping (SM) units 1912b, 1912c, and N-point IDFT units 1914b, 1914c. Subchannel mapping units 1907b, 1907c may include respective N-point DFT units 1920b, 1920c, subcarrier mapping (SM) units 1922b, 1922c, and a common N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924b. Although not shown, instead of the common N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924b, the subchannel mapping units 1907b, 1907c may include respective N _IFFT point IFFT units. For the sake of brevity, "M point" and "N point" may be replaced with the terms "M1 point" and "N1 point" to indicate association with user data about user 1. Similarly, "M point" and "N point" may be replaced with "M2 point" and "N2 point" to indicate association with user data about user 2. Although having different names, "M", "M1", and "M2" may be the same number, and/or one or more of "N", "N1", and "N2" may be the same number.

Similar to the first waveform generator 1901a, a zero tail (or approximately zero tail) time domain OFDM signal can be generated on a symbol by symbol basis using the pulse shaping unit 1903b. Nt and Nh zero samples may be fed to the tail and head inputs of M1 point DFT unit 1910b, respectively. User 1's profile can be fed to one or more of the remaining inputs of M1 point DFT unit 1910b. The output of the M1 point DFT unit 1910b may be mapped to the N1 point IDFT unit 1914b, where N1 > M1 may be an integer multiple of M1. According to equations (1) and/or (2), the resulting output of the N1 point IDFT unit 1914a may be a time domain having samples of Nzt approximate zero values at the tail and samples having Nzh approximate zero values at the head. OFDM symbol.

Each of the time domain OFDM symbols output from the N1 point IDFT unit 1914b can be fed to the input of the time domain insertion unit 1905b. Time domain insertion unit 1905b may insert (add) a symbol level synchronization sequence (eg, S1) into the time domain OFDM symbol to replace Nzt samples of approximately zero value in the tail and/or Nzh approximate zero values in the header. The result may be a time domain OFDM symbol ("SYNC-tail OFDM symbol") carrying the data of User 1 and the synchronization information. The synchronization sequence can be a fixed sequence and has a predefined length. Alternatively, the synchronization sequence may be dynamically or semi-statically configured, and/or its length may be configurable. Once the desired length of the synchronization sequence is determined, the pulse shaping unit 1903b can set the required number to be fed at the input of the M1 point DFT unit 1910b as calculated using equations (1) and/or equation (2). A zero-tailed sample of (Nt), where N = N1, M = M1, and N1 and M1 are known for any given resource assignment.

The time domain insertion unit 1905b can feed the thus obtained SYNC-tail OFDM symbol to the subchannel mapping unit 1907b. The subchannel mapping unit 1907b may map the SYNC-tail OFDM symbols to one or more subbands of the available channels by a combination operation of the N1 point DFT unit 1920b, the SM unit 1922b, and the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924b. The SM unit 1922b at the input of the N _IFFT point IDFT unit 1924b may be used to map the data symbols on orthogonal subcarriers that are not used for the synchronization symbols. User 1 can be assigned M1 resources (including zero tails and headers, if used) in the frequency domain. The M1 resource may be extended with DFT unit 1910b of size M1 and may be converted to the time domain using N1 point IDFT unit 1914b, where N1 may be an integer multiple of M1. The SYNC-tail OFDM generated for User 1 can be mapped to the assigned frequency resources (N1 subcarriers) that do not overlap with the N subcarriers used for the synchronization symbols. N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924b may feed SYNC-tail OFDM symbols mapped to N1 subbands to parallel to serial train converter 1909b for conversion and output to beamforming unit 1911b, where the beamforming unit 1911b performs Beamforming to transmit on (narrow) data beams.

The SYNC-tail OFDM symbol carrying the data of the user 2 can be generated in the same manner as the SYNC-tail OFDM symbol carrying the data of the user 1 using the pulse shaping unit 1903c and the time domain insertion unit 1905c. The subchannel mapping unit 1907c may map the SYNC-tail OFDM symbol to an assigned frequency that does not overlap with the N subcarriers used for the synchronization symbol and the N1 subcarriers used for the SYNC-tail OFDM symbol carrying the data of the user 1. Resources (N2 subcarriers). N _IFFT point IFFT unit 1924b may feed SYNC-tail OFDM symbols mapped to N2 subcarriers (eg, subbands) to parallel to serial train converter 1909b for conversion and output to beamforming unit 1911b, where Beamforming unit 1911b performs beamforming to transmit on the (narrow) data beam.

Table 3 below gives an example of the possible sizes of resource allocations for data and synchronization information. table 3

Figure 20 illustrates an example transmitter 2000 configured to generate an OFDM signal for transmitting synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams. The transmitter 2000 can include first and second waveform generators 2001a, 2001b. The first waveform generator 2001a can generate an OFDM signal that can be transmitted on the sync beam. The second waveform generator 2001b can generate an OFDM signal that can be transmitted on the data beam.

The first waveform generator 2001a is similar to the first waveform generator 1901a in FIG. 19, but the first waveform generator 2001a may include an eZT DFT-s-OFDM waveform generator instead of ZT DFT-s- Pulse wave shaping unit 2a of the OFDM waveform generator. The pulse shaping unit 2003a may include an M-point DFT unit 2010a, an SM unit 2012a, an N-point IDFT unit 2014a, and a time domain tail elimination unit 2016a at the output of the N-point IDFT unit 2014a. The time domain tail elimination unit 2016a can be fed with the time domain OFDM symbol output from the N point IDFT unit 2014a. The time domain tail elimination unit 2016a may eliminate samples (eg, set to zero) in the tail and/or header of the time domain OFDM symbol, and may feed the tailed OFDM symbols to the time domain insertion unit 2005a. The remaining processing can be similar to the processing performed by the first waveform generator 1901a in Fig. 19.

The second waveform generator 2001b is similar to the second waveform generator 1901b in FIG. 19, but the second waveform generator 2001b may include an eZT DFT-s-OFDM waveform generator instead of ZT DFT-s-OFDM Pulse wave shaping units 2003b, 2003c of the waveform generator. The pulse shaping units 2003b, 2003c may respectively include M1 / M2 point DFT units 2010b, 2010c, SM units 2012b, 2012c, N1 / N2 point IDFT units 2014b, 2014c, and outputs at the N1 / N2 point IDFT units 2014b, 2014c. Time domain tail elimination unit 2016b, 2016c. The time domain tail elimination unit 2016b (2016c) can be fed with the time domain OFDM symbols output from the IDFT unit 2014b (2014c). The time domain tail elimination unit 2016b (2016c) may eliminate samples in the tail and/or header of the time domain OFDM symbol, and may feed the tailed OFDM symbols to the time domain insertion unit 2005b (2005c). The remaining processing can be similar to the processing performed by the second waveform generator 1901b in Fig. 19.

Figure 21 shows an example transmitter 2100 configured to generate an OFDM signal for transmitting synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams. The transmitter 2100 can include first and second UW DFT-s ODFM waveform generators 2101a, 2101b. The first UW DFT-s ODFM waveform generator 2101a may include a redundant data generating unit 2108, an M-point DFT unit 2110a, an SM unit 2122a, an N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124a, a parallel-to-serial converter 2109a, and a beamforming unit 2111a. .

The SYNCH channel can be generated with a set of M subcarriers of N _IFFT subcarriers. These subcarriers can be located at the center of the system band. The public material can be fed to the redundant data generating unit 2108. The public material can be fed to the M-point DFT unit 2110a along with the redundant material output from the redundant material generating unit 2108. This redundant material can be fed to the tail and head of the M-point DFT unit 2110a, and the remaining samples input to the M-point DFT unit 2110a can be acquired from the public material. The redundant data generating unit 2108 can use precoding to calculate redundant data from the public material. This precoding allows a unique word to be generated at the tail of the output of the M-point DFT unit 2110a. This information can be used for synchronization purposes and/or for carrying broadcast information. As an example, the public material may include a PBCH, a secondary synchronization sequence, and the like.

The resulting OFDM symbols (eg, OFDM type OFDM symbols) may be mapped to the center subband of the available channel and/or other sub-combinations by the combined operation of the M-point DFT unit 2110a, the SM unit 2122a, and the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124a. band. As an example, the OFDM symbol may be mapped to N subcarriers central subcarrier of _{the IFFT} total of N (where N total subcarriers may comprise _{the IFFT} subcarriers has been used as a synchronization channel and a surrounding guard subcarriers are reserved and not Subcarrier used for data transmission). The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124a may use frequency domain guard band insertion processing to mask all N _IFFT subcarriers orthogonal to the N central subcarriers (and/or one or more other desired subbands). The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124a may feed the OFDM symbols mapped to the subbands to the parallel to serial train converter 2109a for conversion and output to the beamforming unit 2111a, which performs beamforming to The transmission is performed on the sync beam.

If there are subcarriers that are not allocated to the synchronization channel and the protection subcarrier, then the subcarrier can be used for data transmission. The second UW DFT-s OFDM waveform generator 2101b can be used to generate the data signal. The second UW DFT-s ODFM waveform generator 2101b may include redundant data generating units 2108b, 2108c, K1/K2 dot DFT units 2110b, 2110c, SM units 2122a, 2122b, N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124b, parallel serial columns. Converter 2109b and beamforming unit 21116.

User 1's profile can be fed to redundant data generation unit 2108. The data of the user 1 can be fed to the K1 point DFT unit 2110b together with the redundant material output from the redundant material generating unit 2108. This redundant material can be fed to the tail and head of the K1 point DFT unit 2110b, and the remaining samples input to the K1 point DFT unit 2110b can be acquired from the data of the user 1. The redundant data generating unit 2108b can use precoding to calculate redundant data from the public material. This precoding allows a unique word to be generated at the tail of the output of the M-point DFT unit 2110b.

The resulting OFDM symbols (e.g., SYNC-tail OFDM symbols) may be mapped to one or more sub-bands of the available channels by a combined operation of K1 dot DFT unit 2110b, SM unit 2122b, and N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124a. The SM unit 2122b at the input of the N _IFFT point IDFT unit 2124b may be used to allow mapping of data symbols on orthogonal subcarriers that are not used for synchronization channels and/or guard subcarriers. User 1 can be assigned K1 resources (including zero tails and headers, if used) in the frequency domain. The OFDM symbols generated for User 1 can be mapped to the assigned frequency resources (K1 subcarriers) that do not overlap with the N subcarriers used for the synchronization symbols. The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124b may feed the SYNC-tail OFDM symbols mapped to the K1 subbands to the parallel to serial train converter 2109b for conversion and output to the beamforming unit 21116, which performs the beam Forming processing to transmit on (narrow) data beams.

The OFDM symbol (e.g., SYNC-tail OFDM symbol) carrying the data of User 2 can be generated in the same manner as the OFDM symbol carrying the data of User 1, using redundant data generating unit 2108c and K2 point DFT unit 2110c. The SM unit 2122c at the input of the N _IFFT point IDFT unit 2124b can be used to enable the OFDM symbol carrying the data of the user 2 to be mapped to the N subcarriers not used for the synchronization symbol and the data for carrying the user 1. The allocated frequency resources (N2 subcarriers) in which the N1 subcarriers overlapped by the OFDM symbol. The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2124b may feed the OFDM symbols mapped to the N2 subbands to the parallel to serial train converter 2109b for conversion and output to the beamforming unit 21116, which performs beamforming to The data beam is transmitted on the beam.

At the receiver end, the WTRU attempting to implement the initial synchronization may filter the incoming signal to distinguish the sub-bands carrying the synchronization information. For example, if the sync channel uses N subcarriers in the center of the band (as shown in Figure 21), the WTRU may use a low pass filter. The WTRU may use the unique word of the OFDM symbol carried on the synchronization channel for initial synchronization. The WTRU may use the unique word (if any) of the SYNC-tail OFDM symbol carried on the data channel for initial synchronization.

Figure 22 shows an example transmitter 2200 configured to generate an OFDM signal for transmitting synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams. The transmitter 2200 can include first and second ZT DFT-s OFDM waveform generators 2201a, 2201b. The first ZT DFT-s ODFM waveform generator 2201a may include an M-point DFT unit 2210a, an SM unit 2212a, a N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224a, a time domain insertion unit 2205a, a parallel-to-serial converter 2209a, and a beamforming unit 2211a.

A zero-tailed (or approximately zero-tailed) time domain OFDM signal can be generated on a symbol-by-symbol basis using M-point DFT unit 2210a, SM unit 2212a, and N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224a. Nt and Nh zero samples may be fed to the tail and head inputs of M-point DFT unit 2210a, respectively. Common and synchronization information such as S2 and/or PBCH may be fed to one or more of the remaining inputs of M-point DFT unit 2210a. The output of the M-point DFT unit 2210a may be mapped to a N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224a, where N > M, and N may be an integer multiple of M. The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224a may span the entire channel bandwidth, and if there is a guard subcarrier, then the guard subcarrier is also included therein.

The resulting output of the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224a may be a time domain OFDM symbol having Nzt approximate zero value samples at the tail and Nz approximate zero value samples at the head, where the symbol is mapped to the center subband of the available channel And/or other sub-bands, and orthogonal to other sub-carriers used for data channel transmission on the data beam. For example, an OFDM symbol can be mapped to N subcarriers in the center of a total of N _IFFT subcarriers. The OFDM symbols mapped to the subbands can be fed to the time domain insertion unit 2205a. The time domain insertion unit 2205a may directly insert (add) a synchronization signal (eg, S1) to the zero tail of the time domain OFDM symbol in the time domain to replace the Nzt approximate zero value samples in the tail and/or the Nzh of the header. An approximate zero value sample; the result may be an OFDM symbol of the SYNC type mapped to the subband. The synchronization signal can be a fixed sequence and have a predefined length. Alternatively, the synchronization signal may also be dynamically or semi-statically configured, and/or its length may be configurable. The synchronization signal (e.g., unique word/synchronization sequence) can be designed and/or configured such that it is included in the frequency domain for subbands (e.g., center subcarriers) for synchronization purposes while maintaining good cross-correlation properties. Once the desired length of the synchronization sequence is determined, the number (Nt) of zero-tail samples to be fed at the input of the M-point DFT unit 2210a can be configured according to equation (1) and/or equation (2).

The SYNC type OFDM symbol mapped to the subband may be fed from the time domain insertion unit 2205a to the parallel to serial train converter 2209a for conversion, and output to the beamforming unit 2211a, which performs beamforming to Used to transmit in the sync beam.

The second ZT DFT-s ODFM waveform generator 2201b may include M1/M2 point DFT units 2210b, 2210c, SM units 2212b, 2212c, N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224b, time domain insertion unit 2205b, parallel to serial converter 2209b, And a beamforming unit 2211b. M1/M2 point DFT units 2210b, 2210c, SM units 2212b, 2212c, and N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224b may be used to generate a zero tail (or approximately zero tail) time domain OFDM signal on a symbol by symbol basis. Nt and Nh zero samples may be fed to the tail and head inputs of each of the M1 point DFT unit 2210b and the M2 point DFT unit 2210c, respectively. User 1's profile may be fed to one or more of the remaining inputs of M1 point DFT unit 2210b, and user 2's profile may be fed to one or more of the remaining inputs of M2 point DFT unit 2210c . The output of the M1/M2 point DFT units 2210b, 2210c may be mapped to the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224b, where N > M1 + M2 and N may be an integer multiple of M. The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224b may span the entire channel bandwidth, and then also includes guard subcarriers (if any).

The resulting output of the N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2224a may be the first and second time domain OFDM symbols. The first time domain OFDM symbol may include user 1 data, Nzt approximate zero value samples of the tail, and Nzh approximate zero value samples of the header, and may be mapped to assigned frequency resources (N1 subcarriers). The second time domain OFDM symbol may include user 2 data, Nzt approximate zero value samples at the tail, and Nzh approximate zero value samples at the head, and may be mapped to the assigned frequency resources (N2 subcarriers) . The OFDM symbols mapped to the N1/N2 subbands may be fed to the time domain insertion unit 2205a. The time domain insertion unit 2205a may directly insert (add) a synchronization signal (eg, S1) into one or both of the zero tails of the OFDM symbols mapped to the N1/N2 subband in the time domain; the result may be mapped to SYNC-tail OFDM symbol for the N1/N2 subband. The synchronization signal can be a fixed sequence and have a predefined length. Alternatively, the synchronization signal may be dynamically or semi-statically configured, and/or its length may be configurable. Once the desired length of the synchronization sequence is determined, the zero-tail samples fed at the input of each of the N1/N2 point DFT units 2210b, 2210c may be configured in accordance with equations (1) and/or equation (2). Quantity (Nt).

The SYNC-tail OFDM symbols mapped to the subbands may be fed from the time domain insertion unit 2205b to the parallel to serial train converter 2209b for conversion, and output to the beamforming unit 2211b, which performs beamforming, To transmit on the data beam.

Figure 23 shows an example transmitter eZT configured to generate an OFDM signal for transmitting synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams. Transmitter 2300 can include first and second eZT OFDM based waveform generators 2301, 2301b. The first eZT OFDM-based waveform generator 2301 may include an SM unit 2312a, an M-point IDFT unit 2314a, a time domain tail elimination unit 2316a located at an output end of the M-point IDFT unit 2314a, a cyclic shift unit 2318a, a time domain insertion unit 2305, Subchannel mapping unit 2307a, parallel to serial converter 2309a, and beamforming unit 2311a.

The sync channel can be generated with a set of M subcarriers of N _IFFT subcarriers. These subcarriers can be located at the center of the system band. To generate a sync channel, the M inputs consisting of zero sum data fed to SM unit 2312a can be mapped to M point IDFT unit 2314a, where the zero can be mapped to uniformly interleaved subcarriers. The data can be used for synchronization purposes and/or for carrying broadcast information. For example, public materials may include PBCH, secondary synchronization sequences, and the like.

After the time domain tail elimination is performed by the time domain tail elimination unit 2316a and the cyclic shift of the Nh samples is performed by the cyclic shift unit 2318a, the time domain insertion unit 2305 can be inserted at all or part of the zero tail portion of the signal ( Add) a unique word (such as a deterministic sequence); doing so produces an OFDM symbol of the SYNC type. Subchannel mapping unit 2307a may transform the OFDM type OFDM symbols into the frequency domain and may map the transformed SYNC type OFDM symbols to a set of subcarriers, such as a set of subcarriers located at the center of the band. The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2324a may feed the OFDM symbol of the SYNC type mapped to the subband to the parallel to serial train converter 2309a for conversion and output to the beamforming unit 2311a, wherein the beamforming unit 2311a performs the beam Formed to transmit on the sync beam.

If there are subcarriers that are not assigned to the sync channel and/or guard band, they can be used for data transmission. The second eZT OFDM-based waveform generator 2301b may include SM units 2312b, 2312c, K1/K2 dot IDFT units 2314b, 2314c, time domain tail elimination units 2316b, 2316c, cyclic shift units 2318b, 2318c, and subchannel mapping unit 2307b. 2307c, a parallel-to-serial converter 2309b, and a beamforming unit 2311b. The data signal can be generated using a second eZT OFDM based waveform generator 2301b and its components configured for the conventional eZT OFDM waveform method.

At the receiver end, the WTRU attempting to implement the initial synchronization may filter the incoming signal to distinguish the sub-bands carrying the synchronization information. For example, if the synchronization channel uses N subcarriers in the center of the band (as shown in Figure 23), the WTRU may use a low pass filter. The WTRU may use the unique word of the OFDM symbol carried on the synchronization channel for initial synchronization.

Figure 24 shows an example transmitter 2400 configured to generate an OFDM signal for transmitting synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams. The transmitter 2400 can include first and second UW ODFM waveform generators 2401a, 2401b. The first UW ODFM-based waveform generator 2401a may include a redundancy data generating unit 2408a, a permutation unit 2410a, an SM unit 2412a, an M-point IDFT unit 2414a, a time domain insertion unit 2405a, a sub-channel mapping unit 2407a, and a parallel-to-serial column conversion. 2409a and beamforming unit 2411a.

The synchronization channel may be generated using a set of M subcarriers of N _IFFT subcarriers. These subcarriers can be located at the center of the system band. In order to generate the sync channel, the public material and the redundant material output from the redundant material generating unit 2408a can be fed to the M-point IDFT unit 2414a. The redundant data generating unit 2408a may use precoding to calculate redundant data from the public material. This precoding may allow a zero tail to be generated at the output of the M point IDFT unit 2414a. The subcarriers to which the public material and redundant data can be mapped are determined by the permutation unit 2410a. The data can be used for synchronization purposes and/or for carrying broadcast information. For example, public materials may include PBCH, secondary synchronization sequences, and the like.

The OFDM symbols can be fed to the time domain insertion unit 2405a. The time domain insertion unit 2405a may directly insert (add) a synchronization signal (e.g., S1) to the zero tail of the time domain OFDM symbol in the time domain; the result is that a SYNC type OFDM symbol is generated. The synchronization signal can be a fixed sequence and have a predefined length. Alternatively, the synchronization signal can also be dynamically or semi-statically configured, and/or its length can be configurable. The synchronization signal (eg, unique word/synchronization sequence) can be designed and/or configured such that it (in the frequency domain) is included in subbands (eg, central subcarriers) for synchronization purposes while maintaining good mutuality Correlation.

The SYNC type OFDM symbols may be mapped by the subchannel mapping unit 2407a to the central subband of the available channels and/or other subbands. As an example, the type of the SYNC symbol may be mapped to N OFDM subcarriers center N total subcarriers in _{the IFFT} (where N total subcarriers may surrounding _{the IFFT} subcarrier and has been used at the synchronization channel and is reserved for sub-protected Carrier and subcarriers not used for data transmission). The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2424a may feed the SYNC type OFDM symbols mapped to the subbands to the parallel to serial train converter 2409a for conversion and output to the beamforming unit 2411a, wherein the beamforming unit 2411a performs beamforming To transmit on the sync beam.

If there are subcarriers that are not assigned to the synchronization channel and/or the guard band, they can be used for data transmission. The second UW ODFM waveform generator 2301b may include redundant data generating units 2408b, 2408c, permuting units 2410b, 2410c, SM units 2412b, 2412c, K1/K2 point IDFT units 2414b, 2414c, time domain inserting units 2405b, 2405c, sub- Channel mapping units 2407b, 2407c, parallel to serial converter 2409b, and beamforming unit 2411b. The data of the user 1 and the redundant material output from the redundant material generating unit 2408b can be fed to the replacement unit 2410b. Redundant data may be fed to the tail and head of the permutation unit 2410b, and the remaining samples input to the permutation unit 2410b may be taken from the data of the user 1. The redundant data generating unit 2408b can use precoding to calculate redundant data from the data of the user 1. This precoding allows a unique word to be generated at the end of the output of the K1 point IDFT unit 2414b.

Each time domain OFDM symbol output from the K1 point IDFT unit 2414b can be fed to the input of the time domain insertion unit 2405b. The time domain insertion unit 2405b may insert (add) a synchronization sequence to the tail and header of the time domain OFDM symbol; the result is that a SYNC-tail OFDM symbol carrying the data of the user 1 is generated.

The time domain insertion unit 2405b may feed the resulting SYNC-tail OFDM symbol to the subchannel mapping unit 2407b. Subchannel mapping unit 2407b may map the SYNC-tail OFDM symbols to one or more subbands of the available channels corresponding to the frequency resources (K1 subcarriers) assigned to User 1. N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2424b may feed SYNC-tail OFDM symbols mapped to K1 subbands to parallel to serial train converter 2409b for conversion and output to beamforming unit 1911b, where the beamforming unit 1911b performs Beamforming to transmit on (narrow) data beams.

The SYNC-tail OFDM symbol carrying the data of the user 2 can use the redundant data generating unit 2408c, the replacing unit 2410c, the SM unit 2412c, the K2 point IDFT unit 2414c, and the time domain inserting unit 2405c to carry the data carrying the user 1. The SYNC-tail OFDM symbol is generated in the same way. Subchannel mapping unit 2407c may map the SYNC-tail OFDM symbols to the assigned ones that do not overlap with the N subcarriers used for the synchronization symbols and the K1 subcarriers used for the SYNC-tail OFDM symbols carrying the data of User1. Frequency resource (K2 subcarriers). The N _IFFT point IFFT unit 2424b may feed the SYNC-tail OFDM symbols mapped to the K2 subbands to the parallel to serial train converter 2409b for conversion and output to the beamforming unit 2411b, wherein the beamforming unit 2411b performs Beamforming to transmit on (narrow) data beams.

Figure 25 shows an example transmitter 2500 configured to generate an OFDM signal for transmitting synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams. The transmitter 2500 is an alternative to the transmitter 2400 in Fig. 24. Transmitter 2500 can include first and second UW ODFM waveform generators 2501a, 2501b. As shown, in the first UW ODFM waveform generator 2501a, the common material and corresponding precoded redundant data can be directly mapped to an IFFT block of size N _IFFT , and thus does not include as shown in FIG. Intermediate IFFT-FFT pairing. Also, in the second UW ODFM waveform generator 2501b, the user profile and the corresponding precoded redundant material can be directly mapped to the IFFT block of size N _IFFT , and thus does not include the intermediate IFFT as shown in FIG. - FFT pairing. The precoded data and the respective permutation matrices can be calculated such that the tail of the signal at the output of the IFFT block of size N _IFFT is zero. In addition, the UW can be designed such that it is spectrally included (e.g., in the frequency domain) into the subbands used by the channel. As an example, for a SYNCH channel, the UW can be spectrally included into the central subband.

Figure 26 is a flow chart showing an example flow 2600 for supporting communication over a separate transmit beam. The process 2600 can be implemented in the transmitter disclosed herein and/or in the 19th to 25th.

Referring to Figure 26, the transmitter can generate a first OFDM symbol (2610) that includes multiple types of synchronization information. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a first symbol including a first one of the plurality of types of synchronization information, and perform a second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information in the time domain. A symbol, and further processing the first symbol to form a first OFDM symbol. The first symbol can include a tail and one or more non-tails. When generating the first symbol, the transmitter can allocate the duration of the first symbol between the tail and the non-tail. In one embodiment, the transmitter may insert the second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the trailer in the time domain. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a first symbol having a second type of synchronization information that only carries multiple types of synchronization information at the tail. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a first symbol having a first type of synchronization information that carries only one of a plurality of types of synchronization information in only one or more of the non-tail portions. The first one of the plurality of types of synchronization information may include any one of: a sequence for identifying a cell ID, and a PBCH. The second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information may include any one of symbol timing synchronization information and time slot timing synchronization information.

The transmitter can generate a second OFDM symbol (2612) containing the data channel information. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a second symbol including any one of data, control or other material channel information, and perform the second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information in the time domain. A symbol, and further processing the second symbol to form a second OFDM symbol. The second symbol can include a tail and one or more non-tails. When generating the second symbol, the transmitter can allocate the duration of the second symbol between the tail and the non-tail. In one embodiment, the transmitter may insert the second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the trailer in the time domain. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a second symbol having a second type of synchronization information that is carried only at the tail of the plurality of types of synchronization information. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a second symbol having data channel information carried in only one of the one or more non-tails.

The transmitter can simultaneously transmit the first and second OFDM symbols (2614) on the first and second transmission beams, respectively. The first transmission beam may have a wide beamwidth and the second transmission beam may have a narrow beamwidth. In one embodiment, the transmitter may simultaneously transmit the first and second OFDM symbols by transmitting the first and second OFDM symbols during a common symbol time. In one embodiment, the first and second transmission beams may overlap in the spatial domain. In one embodiment, the first OFDM symbol may be transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the first set of subcarriers, and the second OFDM symbol may be transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the second set of subcarriers. In one embodiment, the first set of subcarriers may be mapped to a central subband of the available channels, and the second set of subcarriers may be orthogonal to the first set of subcarriers.

Figure 27 is a flow diagram showing an example flow 2700 for supporting communication over a separate transmit beam. The process 2700 can be implemented in the transmitters disclosed herein and/or shown in Figures 19-25.

Referring to FIG. 27, the transmitter can generate a zero tail by using (i) an OFDM-based waveform generator and (ii) a first type of synchronization information and zero values of various types of synchronization information as inputs to such a generator. The first symbol (2710). The first one of the plurality of types of synchronization information may include any one of: a sequence for identifying a cell ID and a PBCH. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a first symbol having a first type of synchronization information that carries only one of a plurality of types of synchronization information in only one of the one or more non-tails of the first symbol. The transmitter may allocate the duration of the first symbol between the zero tail and the non-tail when the first symbol is generated.

The transmitter may perform inserting the second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the zero tail of the first symbol in the time domain (2712). The second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information may include any one of symbol timing synchronization information and time slot timing synchronization information. In one embodiment, the transmitter may generate a first symbol having only the second type of synchronization information in the plurality of types of synchronization information carried in the zero tail.

The transmitter may map the first symbol to the first set of subcarriers (2714). The transmitter may convert the mapped first symbol to a first OFDM symbol (2716).

The transmitter may generate a second symbol (2718) having a zero tail using (i) an OFDM based second waveform generator and (ii) user data and zero values as inputs to such a generator. The transmitter may optionally perform inserting the second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the zero tail of the second symbol in the time domain (2720). The transmitter can map the second symbol to a second set of subcarriers (2722). The transmitter can convert the mapped second symbol to a second OFDM symbol (2724).

The transmitter can simultaneously transmit the first and second OFDM symbols on the first and second transmission beams, respectively (2726). The first transmission beam can have a wide beamwidth. The second transmission beam can have a narrow beamwidth. In one embodiment, the transmitter may simultaneously transmit the first and second OFDM symbols by transmitting the first and second OFDM symbols during a common symbol time. In one embodiment, the first and second transmission beams may overlap in the spatial domain. In one embodiment, the first OFDM symbol may be transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the first set of subcarriers, and the second OFDM symbol may be transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the second set of subcarriers. In one embodiment, the first set of subcarriers may be mapped to a central subband of the available channels, and the second set of subcarriers may be orthogonal to the first set of subcarriers. Example SYNCH design considerations

The method for robust system design can allow smooth transition from initial synchronization (ie SYNCH sequence detection) to broadcast channel information decoding, followed by successful RACH processing and authentication procedures.

The SYNCH design can take into account multiple parameters to support different deployment scenarios. One or more of the following can be considered: l Timing offset detection with a common reference (ie free running clock) ○ Symbol and time slot timing acquisition, frame timing setup ○ Used to prepare the WTRU for initial access The system information decoding of the next step in the program enables the embedding of the encoding design of cell-specific information such as group ID, code index, cell ID, CP length, symbol, time slot and frame timing. Search capability l Realize the required cell coverage by link budget analysis ○ Adjust EIRP limits, beamforming gain considerations ○ Process gain index l by using long-term or frequent repetition of short sequences to reduce the resource usage of SUNCH and its Impact on Initial Acquisition Time ○ Deploying multiple narrow beams for coverage areas and deploying simultaneous SYNCH transmissions on each narrow beam can greatly reduce IAT at the expense of reduced resource usage efficiency. l Imposing receiver design complexity ○ Effect of SYNCH repetition period on non-coherent integration buffer size ○ Long period (for example, very long SYNCH period) may be prohibited for the implementation ○ Effect of algorithm selection on hardware ○ Use matched filter ○ Detection criteria for initial frequency offset estimation example

The detection criteria can achieve 95% detection performance with a false alarm rate of 10^-3, which can be achieved for a single pulse non-fluctuating target with a minimum SNR of 13 dB. The effective SNR of 13 dB can be achieved by a single long sequence of coherent integration, or a short sequence of coherent integration and subsequent multiple non-coherent additions. S1 and S2 can be in the data and time domains and can be adequately encoded to meet the detection needs. The MIB information can be in the data domain or carried in the time domain by an encoded sequence. Example paradigm study on SYNCH and PBCH frame timing feasibility study

The framework provided below highlights the outstanding feasibility of the waveforms used here for SYNCH and PBCH, where the SYNCH and PBCH are combined on the same symbol.

Assumptions: Cell planning: l Sector: 60 degrees l Partition: No channel parameters: l BW: 2 GHz l Number of subcarriers = 2048 SYNCH and PBCH configuration: l SYNCH and PBCH channels are implemented wide over the entire sector The l SYNCH and PBCH repetition periods transmitted by angular beamforming can be set based on the acquisition time limit. Synchronization codes S1 and S2 and MIB information are repeated every 100 μs (assumed) and transmitted over multiple symbols. 1 BCH, S1 and S2 use K = 256 central subcarriers. MIB must be strictly protected by coding. Power and antenna gain limits: l Ptx = 10 dBm per day l Ntx = 2, Nrx = 2 ○ 2 components can produce beamforming about 60 degrees wide ○ Synchronization and PBCH use 2 Tx and 2 Rx antennas Block antenna element with 4.7 dBi gain l Independent RF chain with 7 dB noise index l Minimum SNR: -10 dB ○ Cell boundary is limited to the minimum SNR level range calculation for synchronizing and reading PBCH (MIB) : l Beamforming gain for Synch and PBCH l Total gain (TG) = Array gain (2x10log10(2)) + component gain (2x4.7 dBi) = 15.4 dB l Effective bandwidth = (256/2048) × 2 GHz=250 MHz, Synch and PBCH occupy 256 subcarriers in the center. l Effective background noise (ENF) = -80 dBm n -174+10log10 (250 MHz) +7+10log10(2), NF=7 per path dB, Rx=2 l For daily line Ptx=10 dBm and LTE requirements for synchronous channel detection, l effective synchronization SNR ≥ -10 on Rx dB l Synchronous channel power (SCP) = -90 dBm (ENF+SNR) l Tx power aggregation (TPA) = 13 dBm for 2 Tx antennas l Tolerable path loss (PL) upper limit = TPA (13 dBm) + TG (15.4 dB) - SCF (-90 dBm) = maximum 118.4 dB. n For a free-space model with n=2 (n is the propagation factor), based on the model PL = 20log10(wave_length/4pi)+n*10*log10(distance)dB, range=300 m n other path loss models This range will be severely affected, for example n=3, so the range will become only 48 meters, and for n=2.5, the range will become 100 meters. l Synchronization code length calculation: ○ If the minimum SNR = -10 dB and has the detection criteria as described above, 95% Pd with 10^-3 pfa requires 13 dB effective SNR, thus adding 2 dB to the calculation Implementation margin, ○ Required processing gain (PG) = 25 dB (balance + effective SNR - minimum SNR) ○ Length = 10^(0.1xPG) = 316 samples

This design can assume a low SNR level for SYNCH detection and PBCH decoding at the receiver, which results in a sync code length of 316 samples. Assuming only 256 central subcarriers are used to transmit SYNCH and PBCH, the PBCH data and SYNCN sequences are transmitted as part of the waveforms within the 256 central subcarriers. Any of the following examples are available: (It should be noted that the following sample configurations assume the use of the eZT OFDM method). Example 1

The following can be applied to eZT/UW OFDM waveforms. l PBCH data: 128 subcarriers l SYNCH sequence: 128 time domain samples (corresponding to 128 subcarriers) ○ PG=21 dB on 128 coherent integration ○ Required non-coherent integration gain = required PG – 21 dB = 4 dB ○ Minimum number of non-coherent integrations required = 3 l S1 and S2 are inserted into the time domain and data field, respectively. S1 must be transmitted 3 times at least within the SYNCH and PBCH repetition periods (preset to 100 us). ○ S1 will repeat at each symbol to enable cyclic redundancy and fast symbol timing acquisition. ○ S2 can carry a sufficient number of bits to identify the cell ID and other information. For example, 512 unique cell IDs can be implemented using 9 bits. Encoding and extension processing can be applied to S2 bits. l The PBCH data can be repeated with sufficient spreading and coding gain within 100 μs repetition period to combat decoding errors. ○ Length 24-bit l can also transmit other channels ○ This scheme can be used to transmit part of SIB1 and SIB2 information.

Figure 28 shows an example SYNCH and PBCH frame structure for Example 1. Example 2

The following can be applied to eZT/UW OFDM waveforms. l PBCH data: 192 subcarriers l SYNCH sequence: 64 time domain samples (corresponding to 64 subcarriers) ○ PG=18 dB over 64 coherent integrations ○ Required non-coherent integral gain = required PG – 18 dB= 7 dB ○ Minimum number of non-coherent integrations required = 6 l S1 and S2 are inserted into the time domain and data field, respectively. S1 must be transmitted 6 times at least during the SYNCH and PBCH repetition periods (default is 100 us). ○ S1 will repeat for each symbol to enable cyclic redundancy and fast symbol timing acquisition processing. S2 can carry enough bits to identify the cell ID and other information. For example, using 9 bits would enable 512 unique cell IDs. Encoding and extension can be applied to S2 bits. • PBCH data can be repeated with sufficient spreading and coding gain over 100 μs repetition period to combat decoding errors. ○ Length 24-bit l can also transmit other channels ○ This scheme can be used to transmit part of SIB1 and SIB2 information.

Figure 29 shows an example SYNCH and PBCH frame structure for Example 2. Example 3

The following can be applied to PBCH data for eZT/UW OFDM waveforms: 224 subcarriers l SYNCH sequence: 32 time domain samples (corresponding to 32 subcarriers) ○ PG=15 dB over 32 coherent integrations ○ Required non-coherent Integral gain = required PG-15 dB = 10 dB ○ Minimum number of non-coherent integrations required = 14 l S1 and S2 are inserted into the time domain and data field, respectively. S1 must be transmitted 14 times at least within the SYNCH and PBCH repetition periods (preset to 100 us). ○ S1 is repeated for each symbol to achieve cyclic redundancy and fast symbol timing acquisition. ○ S2 can carry a sufficient number of bits to identify the cell ID and other information. For example, using 9 bits would enable 512 unique cell IDs to be enabled. Encoding and extension can be applied to S2 bits. • PBCH data can be repeated with sufficient spreading and coding gain over 100 μs repetition period to combat decoding errors. ○ Length 24-bit l can also transmit other channels ○ This scheme can be used to transmit part of SIB1 and SIB2 information.

Example 4 : l The following can be applied to the ZT/eZT DFT-s OFDM waveform SYNCH sequence: 32 time domain samples, corresponding to Nzt=32 ○ As shown in option #3 above, this example requires a minimum of 14 non-coherent integrations. . l As in the above options 1 to 3, assuming 256 subcarriers are used for synchronization purposes, then N = 256 for the transmitter structure in Figs. 19 and 20. Furthermore, assuming that the DFT size is M=64, it can be concluded that the number of zero-tail subcarriers at the input of the DFT is: Nt=Nzt/(N/M)=8. Using a minimum number of fractional subcarriers helps to reduce the tail, thereby resulting in Nh=1. l This example gives Nd = M - Nt - Nh = 64 - 8 - 1 = 55 subcarriers available for PBCH in each OFDM symbol. Regarding options 1 to 3 above, by transmitting PBCH using multiple OFDM symbols over a repetition period of 100 μs , this can provide sufficient spreading and coding gain to achieve the target SNR for PBCH decoding.

Figure 30 shows an example SYNCH and PBCH frame structure for Example 3. SYNCH and PBCH transmission coordination between adjacent neighbors

In the case of sectorized and further partitioned systems, simultaneous transmission of SYNCH channels and PBCHs over multiple partitions can create significant loads, which can result in reduced resource utilization efficiency. If appropriate sweep timing and neighbor cell coordination are provided, the respective schedules for SYNCH and PBCH transmissions for each partition (eg, one at a time) can improve resource allocation efficiency and can reduce initial acquisition time. At the same time, the scope is extended. A simple scheduling scheme with non-overlapping regions can help improve detection performance and therefore shorten acquisition time. For example, the schedule will provide SYNCH channel and PBCH transmissions from neighboring cells to avoid simultaneous alignment on the same area between adjacent cells. By way of example, sectors 1 and 10 are the counterparts of a system having a 60° sector and a 30° partition as shown in FIG. The SYNCH and PBCH transmissions may alternate between {S1P1}, {S10P1}, and {S1P2}, {S10P2} pairs on the synchronization period as shown in FIG. 31, where Si and Pi represent the i-th sector and partition, respectively. . It is assumed that the SYNCH and PBCH channels can be transmitted over a 100 μs synchronization period, and the WTRU starts scanning at the O1 overlap position. If there is adjacent cell coordination, the WTRU will get two within 200 μs (the interval is 100 μs ). Double the chance of receiving synchronous bursts. If there is no adjacent cell coordination, the WTRU can receive two transmissions simultaneously every 200 us . In this scenario, network coordination can halve the initial acquisition time. Neighbor cell coordination may also improve the cell edge initial synchronization performance of the WTRU located in the overlap region, where the WTRU is likely to experience low SNR conditions.

Assuming that each sector constitutes a cell as shown in Fig. 31, adjacent cells are synchronized under a certain tolerance (ie, ±10us), and the sector has k partitions, then the head node can be in k Synchronous beam sweeping begins on the partition. Corresponding cells covering the same direction are described in Fig. 31; for example, {S1, S10}, {S6, S15}, and {S11, S14}. The cell can determine the transmission phase of its corresponding neighbor in {0, 1, ..., k-1}, and then use (k+1 mod N) to identify the partition number to transmit its own SYNCH and PBCH. Channel. For example, if k is selected to be 3 and the SYNCH and PBCH channels are repeated every 100 μs , then the entire scan for that sector may require 300 μs . Corresponding neighbors can scan the overlap area at least once every 300 μs . A WTRU located in an overlapping area may have a higher chance of detecting a corresponding cell. Example of auxiliary switching

The next generation of wireless communication systems is expected to have two main design parameters, high throughput and low latency. While next-generation systems are designed to operate at very low latency, it is necessary to improve the current switching methods used in current cellular networks by using target cell assistance. It is assumed that adjacent cells are connected to each other and can exchange information.

Using the SYNCH and PBCH channels helps speed up the switching process. In one embodiment, the target base station (eNodeB) may begin transmitting SYNCH and PBCH beams towards the direction and location of the intended WTRU; and the target base station (eNodeB) may transmit more power than normal power to increase The likelihood of detection by the WTRU.

Figure 32 is an example control flow for performing assisted handoffs using SYNCH and PBCH channels. A handover (HO) decision can be initiated (3102). Target cell selection and WTRU-specific information collection processing can be performed (3104). The WTRU specific information may include location and direction information for the WTRU.

The current cell may (i) inform the target cell of the WTRU specific information, the HO transition start time, and the detected timeout value; and/or (ii) notify the WTRU of the target and other neighbor cell parameters (3106). The target and other neighboring cell parameters may include location(s), direction(s), HO transition start time, and detection timeout value.

The target cell may (i) start the handover process at the start of the transition; (ii) stop the normal SYNCH and PBCH transmission; (iii) perform beamforming in the direction of the WTRU; and (iv) set the detection timeout timer (" T _{DETECT_TC} ”) (3108). The WTRU may (i) initiate handover processing at the conversion start time, (ii) perform beamforming in the target cell direction, and (iii) set a detection _timeout timer ("T _{DETECT_WTRU} ") (3110).

The target cell can transmit the SYNCH and PBCH signals (3112) on the beam with the increased power level. The WTRU may perform (e.g., repeat) detection processing on the SYNCH and PBCH signals (3114). If the WTRU fails to acquire the target cell (3116) before the detection of the _timeout timer T _{DETECT_WTRU} expires, the WTRU may preferentially begin execution of the initial cell search procedure on the target cell (3118). If the WTRU acquires the target cell (3116) before the detection of the _timeout timer T _{DETECT_WTRU} expires, the WTRU may notify the target cell of the acquisition (3120).

If the target cell has been advertised or otherwise determined to have been acquired by the WTRU before expiration of the detection _timeout timer T _{DETECT_TC} (3122), then the target cell may inform the neighboring cell that the handover was successful (3124). Thereafter, the target cell can resume normal processing regarding SYNCH and PBCH transmissions (3126).

If the target cell determines that it has not been acquired by the WTRU before the expiration of the detection _timeout timer T _{DETECT_TC} (3122), then the target cell may set an additional timer T _{NO_DETECT_TC} (or reset and reuse the detection _timeout timer T _{DETECT_TC} ) (3128). Thereafter, the target cell may send SYNCH and PBCH (3130) on all partitions that point to the location of the WTRU. If the target cell is notified or otherwise determined that it has been acquired by the WTRU before the expiration of the additional timer T _{NO_DETECT_TC} (3132), the target cell may inform the neighboring cell that the handover was successful (3124) and may be resumed. The normal process of transmission between SYNCH and PBCH (3126). If the target cell determines that it was not acquired by the WTRU before the expiration of the additional timer _{TNO_DETECT_TC} (3132), the target cell may inform the neighboring cell that the handover was unsuccessful (3134). in conclusion

Although features and elements of a particular combination are described above, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. The disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the specific embodiments described herein, and Numerous modifications and variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The elements, acts or instructions used in the description of the present application should not be construed as essential or essential to the invention, unless explicitly provided in this manner. In addition to the methods and apparatus enumerated herein, those skilled in the art will be able to devise a functionally equivalent method and apparatus within the scope of the disclosure. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The disclosure is limited solely by the scope of the appended claims and the full scope of the equivalents It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a particular method or system.

It is also understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, and is not intended to be limiting. The term "video" as used herein may refer to any of a snapshot, a single image, and/or multiple images displayed on a time basis. As another example, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE" as referred to herein may refer to (i) a wireless transmission and/or reception unit (WTRU) as described above; (ii) a plurality of WTRUs as described above. Any of the embodiments; (iii) a device having wireless capabilities and/or wired capabilities (e.g., connectable), in particular, the device is configured with some or all of the structures and functions of the WTRU as described above; A wirelessly capable and/or wired capable device configured with relatively few structures and functions compared to all of the structures and functions of the WTRU as described above; or (iv) a similar device. Details of an example WTRU that may represent any of the WTRUs described herein are provided herein with respect to Figures 1A-1E.

Moreover, the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program, software or firmware incorporated into a computer readable medium for use by a computer or processor. Examples of computer readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer readable storage media. Examples of computer readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), scratchpad, cache memory, semiconductor storage devices, such as internal hard drives and removable Magnetic media such as magnetic sheets, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM discs and digital versatile discs (DVDs). A processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Various changes to the methods, apparatus, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. In view of the various embodiments that can be applied, it is to be understood that the illustrated embodiments are only a few examples and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the scope of the claims. For example, embodiments provided herein include a handheld device, where the device can include or be used in conjunction with any suitable voltage source that provides any suitable voltage, such as a battery or the like.

Furthermore, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices including processors are mentioned in the above embodiments. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. References to the behavior or symbolic representation of an operation or instruction may be performed by different CPUs and memories in accordance with the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming. Such behaviors and operations or instructions may be referred to as "running," "computer running," or "CPU running."

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that behavior and symbolic operations or instructions include manipulation of electronic signals by the CPU. The electronic system represents a data bit that may cause the electronic signal to be transformed or reduced thereby, and maintain the data bit in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise altering CPU operations and other signal processing. . The memory location that holds the data bit is the physical location that has a particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic property that corresponds to or represents the data bit. It should be understood that the embodiments herein are not limited to the above described platforms or CPUs, and that other platforms and CPUs may also support the described methods.

The data bits can also be held on a computer readable medium, including the magnetic disk, the optical disk, and any other volatiles (such as random access memory ("RAM")) that can be read by the CPU, or non-volatile (eg, read only). Memory ("ROM")) mass storage system. The computer readable medium can comprise a cooperating or interconnected computer readable medium that can be present separately on the processing system or can be distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems local or remote to the processing system. It should be understood that these example embodiments are not limited to the above described memory, and other platforms and memories may also support the described methods.

In one illustrative embodiment, any of the operations, processes, and the like described herein can be implemented as computer readable instructions stored on a computer readable medium. The computer readable instructions can be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and/or any other computing device.

There is almost no difference between hardware and software implementations in all aspects of the system. Whether using hardware or software is usually (but not always, because in some contexts, the choice between hardware and software may be important) is a compromise that represents a compromise between cost and efficiency. select. The processes and/or systems and/or other techniques described herein can be implemented by a variety of carriers (eg, hardware, software, and/or firmware), and preferred carriers can be deployed with the process and/or system and/or The context of other technologies has changed. For example, if the implementation determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may choose an implementation that primarily employs hardware and/or firmware. If flexibility is paramount, then implementers can prefer to primarily adopt software implementations. Alternatively, the implementer may select some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware.

The above detailed description has described various embodiments of the devices and/or processes in the <RTIgt; As such block diagrams, flow diagrams, and/or examples include one or more functions and/or operations, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that each such block diagram, flowchart, or example The functions and/or operations may be implemented individually and/or collectively by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or nearly any combination thereof. In one embodiment, portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via a dedicated integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), and/or other integrated formats. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in whole or in part in an integrated circuit as one or more A plurality of computer programs (eg, as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems) implemented as one or more programs running on one or more processors (eg, as one or more One or more programs running on the microprocessor are implemented, implemented as firmware, or implemented in almost any combination thereof, and in accordance with the present disclosure, circuit design and/or code writing for software and/or firmware It is also within the skill of those having ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed in various forms as a program product, and regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution, as described herein. Illustrative embodiments of the subject matter are applicable. Examples of signal bearing media include, but are not limited to, recordable media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memory, and the like, as well as transmission type media such as digital and/or Or analog communication media (eg fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.).

Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that, in the art, devices and/or processes are described in the manner set forth herein, and thereafter, engineering practices are used to integrate such described devices and/or processes into the materials. Processing systems are very common. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable number of experiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that typical data processing systems may typically include system unit housings, video display devices, memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, such as microprocessors and digital A processor, such as a signal processor, a computing entity such as a work system, a drive, a graphical user interface, and an application, such as one or more interaction devices, such as a trackpad or screen, and/or includes A feedback loop and a control system that controls the motor (eg, feedback for sensing position and/or speed, control motor for acting and/or regulating components and/or parameters). A typical data processing system can be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing/communication and/or network computing/communication systems.

The subject matter described herein sometimes shows different elements that are included within or connected to other different elements. It should be understood that the architecture so described is only a few examples, and that many other architectures for implementing the same functionality can be implemented in practice. Conceptually, any setting of an element that achieves the same function is effectively "associated", thereby achieving the desired function. Accordingly, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular function can be considered to be "associated" with each other so that the desired functionality can be implemented without regard to the architecture or the intermediate components. Likewise, any two elements that are associated in this manner can also be seen as "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired function, and any two can be associated in this manner. Elements may also be considered to be "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired function. Specific examples that can be operatively coupled include, but are not limited to, elements that can be physically paired and/or physically interacting and/or elements that can interact wirelessly and/or wirelessly and/or in logic Interactions and/or components that can be logically interactable.

Where substantially any plural and/or singular terms are used herein, those of ordinary skill in the art may <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; For the sake of clarity, various singular/plural permutations can be explicitly set forth herein.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, in general, the terms used herein, particularly in the scope of the appended claims (e.g., the subject matter of the appended claims), should generally be construed as an &quot;open&quot; The term "comprising" is to be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" is to be interpreted as "having at least" and the term "comprising" is to be construed as "including but not limited to" and the like. It will be further understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that if the stated scope of the patent application is directed to a particular number, such intent should be explicitly recited in the scope of the application and, if not Such intentions do not exist. For example, if only one item is expected, the term "single" or similar language can be used. As an aid to understanding, the scope of the appended claims and/or the description herein may include a description of the scope of the patent application using the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more". However, the use of such phrases is not to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the claims. The specific scope of the patent application is limited to embodiments that include only one such description, even if the scope of the same application includes the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and such as "one" or "one" The same is true for indefinite articles (for example, "a" and/or "a" should be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more". The same is true for the use of definite articles used to introduce the scope of the patent application. In addition, even if a specific number of the recited claims are explicitly recited, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that such a description should be construed to mean at least the recited. The unmodified narrative of "two narratives" in the case of means means at least two narratives or two or more narratives). Moreover, in these examples, where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, such a structure should generally have the meaning of the protocol as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art ( For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, only having A, only having B, having only C, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and/or Or systems with A, B, C, etc.). In instances where a protocol similar to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, such a structure should generally have the meaning of the protocol as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art (for example, " A system having at least one of A, B or C" includes but is not limited to having only A, only B, only C, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and/or having A, B And C and so on). It will be further understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, in the specification, the scope of the claims, or the drawings, the words and/or The possibility of including one, any or both of these items is contemplated. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."

In addition, the term "any one" as used herein that is followed by a series of multiple items and/or multiple item categories is intended to include "in a project and/or item category, either alone or in combination with other items and/or other item categories." Any one, any combination, any number, and/or any combination of multiples. Moreover, the term "set" as used herein is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, the term "amount" as used herein is intended to include any quantity, including zero.

Moreover, if the features or aspects of the present disclosure are described in terms of the Markusi group, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present disclosure is thus in accordance with any single member of the Markush group. Or a subgroup of members described.

All ranges disclosed herein are intended to cover any and all possible sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges thereof, for the purpose of providing a written description. Any of the ranges listed can be readily considered to fully describe and enable the same range that is broken down into at least two equal parts, three equal parts, four equal parts, five equal parts, ten equal parts, and the like. As a non-limiting example, each of the ranges discussed herein can be easily broken down into the lower third, the middle third, and the upper third. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all languages such as "at most", "at least", "greater than", "less than", etc., include the recited quantities, and are meant to be subsequently decomposed into the above. The range of subranges described. Finally, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, a range will include each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Likewise, a group having 1-5 cells refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so on.

Furthermore, the scope of patent application should not be construed as being limited to the described order or In addition, the term "means for" as used in the scope of any patent application is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, ¶6, and no patent application scope for the word "for device" Does not have this meaning.

100‧‧‧Communication system
102, 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 240a, 204b‧‧‧ wireless transmission/reception unit (WTRU)
104‧‧‧Radio Access Network (RAN)
106‧‧‧core network
108‧‧‧Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
110‧‧‧Internet
112‧‧‧Other networks
114a, 114b, 170a, 170b, 170c, 202‧‧‧ base station
116‧‧‧Air interface
118‧‧‧Processor
120, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900‧‧‧ transceivers
122‧‧‧Transmission/receiving components
124‧‧‧Speaker/Microphone
126‧‧‧Digital keyboard
128‧‧‧Display/Touchpad
130‧‧‧ Non-removable memory
132‧‧‧Removable memory
134‧‧‧Power supply
136‧‧‧Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset
138‧‧‧ peripheral devices
140a, 140b, 140c‧‧‧ Node B
142a, 142b‧‧‧ Radio Network Controller (RNC)
144‧‧‧Media Gateway (MGW)
146‧‧‧Mobile Exchange Center (MSC)
148‧‧‧Serving GPRS Node Switching Center (SGSN)
150‧‧‧Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
160a, 160b, 160c‧‧‧e Node B
162‧‧‧Mobility Management Gateway (MME)
164‧‧‧ service gateway
166‧‧‧ Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
172‧‧‧Access Service Network (ASN) Gateway
174‧‧‧Mobile IP Home Agent (MIP-HA)
176‧‧‧Verification, Licensing, Accounting (AAA) Server
178‧‧‧Chute
200‧‧‧Communication system
502, 602, 702, 802A-B, 902A-N‧‧‧PAA
504, 604‧‧‧ antenna elements
506, 806A-B‧‧‧ dedicated RF chain
508‧‧‧RF processing components
510‧‧‧ Analog Digital Converter (ADC)
606, 906‧‧‧ single RF chain
612‧‧‧ phase shifter
706A-B‧‧‧RF chain
1000, 1903a,
1903b, 1903c, 1911a, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c‧‧‧ pulse wave shaping unit
1010, 1910a, 1910b, 1910c, 2010a, 2110a, 2210a, 2210b, 2210c, 2314a, 2414a‧‧‧M point DFT unit
1012, 1912a, 1912b, 1912c, 1922a, 1922b, 1922c, 2012a, 2122a, 2122b, 2122c, 2212a, 2212b, 2212c, 2312a, 2312b, 2312c, 2412a, 2412b, 2412c‧‧‧ subcarrier mapping (SM) unit
1014‧‧‧N-point fast Fourier transform (IFFT) unit
1100, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500‧‧‧ transmitters
1108, 2108, 2108b, 2108c, 2408a, 2408b, 2408c‧‧‧ redundant data generation unit
1110, 2410a, 2410b, 2410c‧‧‧ replacement unit
1112‧‧‧B unit
1114‧‧‧N _IFFT point IFFT unit
1116‧‧‧Unique word insertion (UW insertion) unit
1118‧‧‧Parallel to serial converter
1200‧‧‧General Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) communication structure
1300‧‧‧LTE communication structure
1600, 1700, 1800‧‧ ‧ OFDM signals
1602a‧‧‧Synchronous beam
1602b‧‧‧Unsynchronized beam
1702a, 1702b‧‧ beams
1901a, 1901b, 2001a, 2001b‧‧‧ waveform generator
1905a, 1905b, 1905c, 2005a, 2005b, 2005c, 2205a, 2205b, 2305, 2405a, 2405b, 2405c‧‧‧ time domain insertion unit
1907a, 1907b, 1907c, 2307a, 2307b, 2307c, 2407a, 2407b, 2407c‧‧‧ subchannel mapping unit
1909a, 1909b, 2109a, 2109b, 2209a, 2209b, 2309a, 2309b‧‧‧ parallel to serial converters
1914a, 1914b, 1914c, 1920a‧‧‧N point inverse DFT (IDFT) unit
1924a, 1924b, 1924b, 2124a, 2124b, 2224a, 2224b, 2324a‧‧‧N _IFFT point IFFT unit
1911b, 2111a, 21116, 2211a, 2211b, 2311a, 2311b‧‧‧ beam forming unit
1920b, 1920c‧‧‧N point DFT unit
2016a, 2016c, 2316a, 2316b, 2316c‧‧‧ time domain tail elimination unit
2101a, 2101b‧‧‧UW DFT-s ODFM waveform generator
2110b, 2110c, 2314b, 2314c, 2414b, 2414c‧‧‧K1/K2 point DFT units
2201a, 2201b‧‧‧ZT DFT-s OFDM waveform generator
2301, 2301b‧‧‧ waveform generator based on eZT OFDM
2318a, 2318b, 2318c‧‧‧ cyclic shifting unit
2401a, 2401b, 2501a, 2501b‧‧‧ unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM) waveform generator
2600, 2700‧‧‧ Process
s , sync-ch ‧‧‧ synchronization symbol
Data-ch , UW‧‧‧ data channel information
CP‧‧‧ cyclic prefix
CPICH‧‧‧Common Channel
DL-DDCH‧‧‧Chain-oriented data channel
FFT‧‧‧fast Fourier transform
GHz‧‧ ‧ GHz
HO‧‧‧Switch
IP‧‧‧Internet Protocol
Iub, IuCS, IuPS, iur, S1, S2‧‧ interface
kHz‧‧ kHz
LTE‧‧‧ Long-term evolution
MHz‧‧ megahertz
mmW‧‧‧mm wave
Ns‧‧‧ nanoseconds
OFDM‧‧ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
P-SCH‧‧‧ primary sync channel
PBCH‧‧‧ entity broadcast channel
PDDCCH‧‧‧ entity chain-oriented control channel
PDDDCH‧‧‧ entity chain-oriented data channel
PSS‧‧‧ primary sync signal
R1, R3, R6, R8‧‧‧ reference points
RF‧‧‧RF
Rx‧‧‧ Receiving
S-SCH‧‧‧Secondary synchronization channel sd ‧‧‧ data symbol
SSS‧‧‧Auxiliary Synchronization Signal
SYNCH‧‧‧Sync Channel
TTI‧‧‧ transmission time interval
Tx‧‧ transmission
UE‧‧‧User equipment
ZT‧‧‧Zero

A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As in the detailed description, the figures in the drawings are examples. In this regard, the drawings and detailed description are not to be considered as limiting, and other equivalent examples are also possible and possible. In addition, the same element symbols ("ref.") in the drawings indicate the same elements, and wherein: FIG. 1A is a system diagram of an example communication system in which one or more embodiments disclosed may be implemented; The figure is a system diagram of an example wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that can be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A; the 1C, 1D, and 1E diagrams are examples that can be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A A system diagram of a radio access network and an example core network; FIG. 2 shows an example communication system in which embodiments may be practiced or implemented; FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate an example based on orthogonal frequency division. Figure (OFDM) frame structure; Figure 4 shows an example mapping of the downlink logic, transmission and physical channels; Figure 5 shows an example transceiver configured for full digital beamforming; Figure 6 Example transceivers configured for analog beamforming are shown; Figure 7 shows an example transceiver configured for analog beamforming; Figure 8 shows an example transceiver configured for analog beamforming Figure 9 shows the being Example transceiver configured for analog beamforming; FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example pulse shaping unit configured to generate a ZT DFT-s-OFDM waveform transmitter; FIG. 11 is a diagram showing Block diagram of an example of a transmitter configured to generate a unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM) waveform; Figure 12 shows a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH), a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH), and a common pilot Example Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) communication structure for Channel (CPICH); Figure 13 shows an example Long Term Evolution (LTE) for Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) a communication structure; Figure 14 shows an example OFDM signal generated using a he -OFDM based waveform; Figure 15 shows an example OFDM signal derived from the transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams; 16 illustrates example OFDM symbols derived from transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams; Figure 17 illustrates example OFDM symbols derived from transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate channels Figure 18 shows an example OFDM symbol derived from synchronous information transmission on a synchronization beam; Figure 19 shows an example transmission of an OFDM signal configured to generate transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams Figure 20 illustrates an example transmitter configured to generate OFDM signals for transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams; Figure 21 illustrates configuration for generation on separate beams Example transmitter for OFDM signals for transmission of synchronization information and data channel information; Figure 22 shows an example transmitter configured to generate OFDM signals for synchronization information and data channel information transmission on separate beams; An example transmitter configured to generate OFDM signals for transmission of synchronization information and data channel information on separate beams is shown; Figure 24 illustrates configured to generate synchronization information and data channels for separate beams An example transmitter of an OFDM signal for transmission of information; Figure 25 shows a transmission configured to generate synchronization information and data channel information for individual beams Example transmitter of an OFDM signal; Figure 26 is a flow chart showing an example flow for supporting communication on a separate transmission beam; Figure 27 is a diagram showing an example flow for supporting communication on a separate transmission beam Figure 28 shows an exemplary SYNCH and PBCH frame structure; Figure 29 shows an example SYNCH and PBCH frame structure; Figure 30 shows an example SYNCH and PBCH frame structure; 31 illustrates an example of basic two-partition cooperation for SYNCH and PBCH between adjacent cells; and FIG. 32 is a flow chart showing an example network-assisted handover procedure.

2600‧‧‧ Flowchart

OFDM‧‧ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex

Claims (28)

A method implemented in a transmitter for supporting communication, the method comprising: generating a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol including a plurality of types of synchronization information; generating a second OFDM including a data a symbol; and simultaneously transmitting the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol on a first transmit beam and a second transmit beam, wherein the first transmit beam has a wide beamwidth, and wherein the second transmit beam Has a narrow beamwidth. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transmission beam and the second transmission beam overlap in a spatial domain. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 2, wherein the first OFDM symbol is transmitted on a subcarrier in a first set of subcarriers, and wherein the second OFDM symbol Is transmitted on one subcarrier in a second set of subcarriers. The method of claim 3, wherein the first set of subcarriers is mapped to a central subband of an available channel, and wherein the second set of subcarriers is orthogonal to the first set of subcarriers. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein simultaneously transmitting the first and second OFDM symbols comprises: transmitting the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM during a common symbol period symbol. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein generating a first OFDM symbol comprises: generating a first symbol including a first one of the plurality of types of synchronization information And performing a time domain insertion of the first symbol by performing a second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information. The method of claim 6, wherein the first symbol comprises a tail, and wherein performing the time domain insertion comprises: performing the inserting the second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the first symbol The time domain of the tail is inserted. The method of claim 7, wherein generating a first symbol comprises assigning a duration of the first symbol between the tail and the non-tail of the first symbol. The method of any one of clauses 6 to 7, wherein the second synchronization information of the plurality of synchronization information is carried only in the tail of the first symbol. The method of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the second synchronization information of the plurality of synchronization information comprises any one of symbol timing synchronization information and one-time slot timing synchronization information. The method of any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the first type of synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information comprises any one of the following: for identifying a cell identifier A sequence of (ID) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The method of any one of clauses 6 to 11, wherein the first symbol comprises one or more non-tails, and wherein the first type of synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information is only Being carried in the one or more non-tails of the first symbol. The method of any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein generating a second OFDM symbol comprises: generating a second symbol including any one of data and a control information; and executing The second type of synchronization information in the plurality of types of synchronization information is inserted into the time domain insertion of the second symbol. A transmitter includes: a first waveform generator configured to generate a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol including a plurality of types of synchronization information; and a second waveform generator to generate a data a second OFDM symbol; and a processor and a plurality of phase antenna array elements configured to simultaneously transmit the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol on a first transmission beam and a second transmission beam, respectively Wherein the first transmission beam has a wide beamwidth, and wherein the second transmission beam has a narrow beamwidth. The transmitter of claim 14, wherein the processor and the plurality of phase antenna array elements are configured to: transmit the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol in a common symbol period. The transmitter of any one of clauses 14 to 15, wherein: the first waveform generator is configured to: generate a first type of synchronization information including a plurality of types of synchronization information a first symbol; and performing a time domain insertion of inserting a second type of synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the first symbol; the second waveform generator is configured to: generate a data and a control a second symbol of any one of the information; and performing a time domain insertion of inserting the second type of synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the second symbol. The transmitter of any one of clauses 14 to 16, wherein the first type of synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information comprises any one of the following: for identifying a cell identification A sequence of code (ID) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and wherein the second synchronization information of the plurality of synchronization information comprises any one of the following: a symbol timing synchronization information and a time slot timing synchronization information. A method implemented in a transmitter for supporting communication, the method comprising: using (i) a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based waveform generator and (ii) an input as the generator a first type of synchronization information and zero value of the plurality of types of synchronization information, generating a first symbol having a zero tail; performing a second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information to insert the first symbol The zero-tailed time domain insertion; mapping the first symbol to a first set of subcarriers; converting the mapped first symbol to a first OFDM symbol; using (i) a second OFDM-based waveform generation And (ii) a user profile and a zero value as input to the generator, generating a second symbol having a zero tail; mapping the second symbol to a second set of subcarriers; Converting the two symbols into a second OFDM symbol; simultaneously transmitting the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol on a first transmission beam and a second transmission beam, wherein the first transmission beam has a wide beam width And wherein the second transmission beam having a narrow beam width. The method of claim 18, wherein the first transmission beam and the second transmission beam overlap in a spatial domain. The method of any one of clauses 18 to 19, wherein the first OFDM symbol is transmitted on one of the first subcarrier sets, and wherein the second OFDM symbol Is transmitted on one subcarrier in a second set of subcarriers. The method of claim 20, wherein the first set of subcarriers is mapped to a central subband of an available channel, and wherein the second set of subcarriers is orthogonal to the first set of subcarriers. The method of any one of clauses 18 to 21, wherein simultaneously transmitting the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol comprises: transmitting the first OFDM symbol in a common symbol period and the Second OFDM symbol. The method of any one of clauses 18 to 22, wherein generating a first symbol comprises assigning a duration of the first symbol between the tail and the non-tail of the first symbol. The method of any one of claims 18 to 23, further comprising: performing the insertion of the second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the zero tail of the second symbol The domain is inserted. The method of any one of claims 18 to 24, wherein the second synchronization information of the plurality of synchronization information comprises any one of the following: a symbol timing synchronization information and a time slot timing synchronization information . The method of any one of claims 18 to 25, wherein the first type of synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information comprises any one of the following: for identifying a cell identifier A sequence of (ID) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). A transmitter comprising: a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based waveform generator configured to: generate a first one of a plurality of types of synchronization information and zero values as inputs a first symbol having a zero tail; performing a time domain insertion of inserting a second synchronization information of the plurality of types of synchronization information into the zero tail of the first symbol; mapping the first symbol to a first a set of subcarriers; and converting the mapped first symbol to a first OFDM symbol; a second OFDM-based waveform generator configured to: generate a zero with a user data and a zero value as input a second symbol of the tail; mapping the second symbol to a second set of subcarriers; converting the mapped second symbol to a second OFDM symbol; and an element of the processor and the plurality of phase antenna arrays Configuring to simultaneously transmit the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol on a first transmit beam and a second transmit beam, respectively, wherein the first transmit beam has a wide beamwidth, and The second transmission beam has a narrow beamwidth. The transmitter of claim 27, wherein the processor and the plurality of phase antenna array elements are configured to: transmit the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol in a common symbol period.