TW201700855A - Waste heat recovery unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application provides a waste heat recovery unit for recovering waste heat by a refrigerant via a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger being configured to receive the refrigerant in liquid phase at an inlet, absorb the waste heat by the refrigerant and discharge the refrigerant in liquid phase at an outlet. The refrigerant is circulated from the outlet back to the inlet in the waste heat recovery unit in forming a closed loop of circulation. The waste heat recovery unit can comprise a hydraulic motor having an inlet, an outlet and a heat exchange chamber between the inlet and the outlet. The hydraulic motor can further comprise a plurality of vanes adapted to divide the heat exchange chamber into separated compartments. The plurality of vanes is configured to move according to a predetermined direction when in operation.

Description

Waste heat recovery unit

The present invention relates to one or more waste heat recovery devices that can be operated independently or together. The invention also relates to methods of making, assembling, installing, repairing, upgrading, improving, and using one or more waste heat recovery devices.

This patent application claims priority from the following patent application date: Singapore Patent Application No. (SG) 1020 1503 915P filed on May 19, 2015, filed on August 31, 2015, TW 104,128,594 Taiwan The invention patent application and the international patent application filed on June 29, 2015, with the application number PCT/SG2015/050186. The content or subject matter of these priority applications are all incorporated in the present application. A waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) is an energy recovery heat exchanger that recovers heat from or around a hot fluid with potentially high-energy materials, such as hot flue gas from a diesel generator, steam from a cooling tower, or from different cooling. Processes such as steel cooled wastewater. Known types of waste heat recovery devices include recuperators, regenerators, heat pipe heat exchangers, rolling heat exchangers or rotary heat exchangers, exhaust gas heaters, heat pumps, and toroidal coils. Traditionally, waste heat in low temperature zones (0 to 120 ° C, or especially below 100 ° C) has not been used for power generation, although organic Rankine Loop has made great efforts because Carnot efficiency is too low. Probably at most 90 °C heating and 18% cooling at 20 °C, minus the loss, generally the final 5~7% net power. In general, waste heat below 100 °C can be used by algae plantations to produce biofuels, or greenhouses, and even for eco-industrial parks. The waste heat at medium temperature (120~650°C) and high temperature (>650°C) can be used for power generation or mechanical work through different collection processes. For example, a waste recycling system can also be used to meet the cooling requirements of a trailer. The configuration is easy because only one waste heat recovery boiler and endothermic cooler are needed. Known types of waste heat recovery units typically require a high capital investment relative to the effective energy recovered by the waste heat recovery unit. Moreover, since the waste heat quality (temperature) is low, it is difficult to effectively utilize the low-quality heat contained in the waste heat medium. The heat exchanger of the waste heat recovery device is generally relatively large to recover a large amount of heat, which requires an increase in capital cost. Additional equipment for waste heat recovery units requires additional maintenance costs relative to equipment used to recover high temperature heat. More devices or larger waste heat recovery devices are often necessary to be installed to operate the actual waste heat recovery device.

The present invention is directed to providing a new and useful waste heat recovery apparatus while providing a new and useful method of manufacturing, assembling, installing, repairing, upgrading, improving, and using the waste heat recovery apparatus. The independent claims recite essential technical features of the invention, while the dependent claims recite additional technical features. According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a waste heat recovery apparatus for recovering waste heat from a refrigerant through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to receive a liquid refrigerant at the inlet, to absorb waste heat from the refrigerant, and to discharge the liquid refrigerant at the outlet. The refrigerant is returned from the outlet to the inlet of the waste heat recovery unit to form a closed loop circuit. In one embodiment, the heat exchanger includes a hydraulic motor equipped with a heat exchanger chamber that, together with other components of the waste heat recovery device, forms a heat exchanger. Embodiments of the present invention provide the use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. More specifically, liquid carbon dioxide is provided at the inlet, although gaseous and/or solid carbon dioxide may be present at all times. Thus, the waste heat recovery device is configured to circulate in a closed loop with a liquid refrigerant. Phase transitions from liquid to gas are substantially avoided. Embodiments of the present invention provide a waste heat recovery device for recovering waste heat of 50 ° C or lower by a refrigerant. The waste heat recovery device is configured to contact waste heat (e.g., ambient heat) to heat the refrigerant and expand the volume of the refrigerant to form a closed loop of refrigerant loops. For example, the refrigerant is carbon dioxide that operates in a liquid phase and a supercritical phase or both. Embodiments of the present invention provide carbon dioxide in a waste heat recovery unit at a pressure of about −56.6 ° C to 31.1 ° C, or 518 kPa to 7.38 MPa. Embodiments of the present invention also provide that carbon dioxide in the waste heat recovery unit can be operated in a liquid phase at a temperature slightly above −78.5 °C. Upon heating, the one or more movable elements of the waste heat recovery device are allowed to move only in a predetermined direction (eg, the direction of the refrigerant loop) such that expansion of the refrigerant drives the movable element to move according to a predetermined direction (eg, displacement or Rotating), thus producing useful kinetic energy or work. In other words, the waste heat recovery device is configured to convert waste heat into an effective energy output or motion by utilizing refrigerant in the closed loop circuit. In fact, if carbon dioxide is selected as the preferred refrigerant, the carbon dioxide is at the outlet of 20 to 50 degrees Celsius, pressure 50 to 80 bar and at the inlet of –50 to 0 degrees Celsius and pressure of 10 to 30 bar (the lowest here) Better temperature) can run. The temperature and pressure between the inlet and outlet depend on the temperature of the embedded heat exchanger or the waste heat to be recovered. The higher the temperature of the waste heat, the higher the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant, but it is preferable that the temperature of the refrigerant should not exceed 50 degrees Celsius before exiting from the outlet, and the pressure should be within the strength of the material, approximately 300 bar. Temperature and pressure ranges can be wider, but are limited by the strength and limits of the building materials. The waste heat recovery unit may include a hydraulic motor having an inlet, an outlet, and a heat exchanger chamber between the inlet and the outlet. The hydraulic motor also includes a plurality of vanes for separating the heat exchanger chambers into mutually enclosed compartments that are configured to move only in a predetermined direction during operation. The waste heat recovery unit can absorb low or low temperature heat ranging from about 0 ° C (ie, degrees Celsius) to 200 ° C or higher, depending on the temperature limit of the relevant material being deployed. Therefore, the waste heat recovery device can also be called an environmental heat engine or an environmental heat generator. The hydraulic motor is configured or designed to accept one or more refrigerants or heat transfer fluids for operation. For example, the hydraulic motor receiving the liquid carbon dioxide (CO _2), carbon dioxide which is repeatedly or constantly about the exhaust heat recovery loop. This hydraulic motor is also called a rotary vane motor because these blades are used. The hydraulic motor may include a drum having a plurality of vanes extending from the drum cylinder. The plurality of blades and the drum are both closed by a cover cylinder of the hydraulic motor. Each blade can extend radially from the rotating shaft of the drum, and the bottoms of the blades are elastically supported (for example, by a spring) so that the tip of the blade continuously contacts the inner surface of the casing even when the drum rotates . For example, although the shroud encloses the drum and blades, the drum and blades are both centrifugal (ie, not coaxial). In one embodiment, the drum is in contact with the inner surface of the shroud on one side and there is a gap in the opposite side of the drum between the drum and the shroud. Whether moving or stationary, the vanes extend from the drum, dividing the gap between the drum and the shroud into separate compartments for receiving one or more refrigerants or heat transfer fluids. Two or more mutually independent compartments may have substantially similar capacities between the drum and the canister. For example, the drum is circular and the inner surface of the casing is not circular. These compartments of the same capacity are formed between a portion of the inner surface and the drum. In addition, the rotary vane motor includes compartments that have a capacity that gradually increases clockwise or decreases clockwise. Reverse capacity changes can also be achieved when necessary. In fact, compartments having the same capacity and flowing toward the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid to increase capacity are more beneficial. The hydraulic motor can also include a stop that can be coupled to a shaft or to the drum of the hydraulic motor to prevent the blade from moving in a direction opposite the predetermined direction. The stop can be a mechanical device, an electrical device, or a combination of both. For example, the stop includes a ratchet and pawl device. The stop may also include a worm drive including a worm engagement and a worm gear. Many mechanical or electrical alternatives can act as the stop to prevent reverse rotation of the drum. The hydraulic motor can be made of a material that is resistant to a pressure of at least 30 bar and/or a temperature of 150 degrees Kelvin (K). When using low temperature (e.g., 5.1 atmosphere pressure - 57 °C) liquid carbon dioxide, the hydraulic motor maintains its structural integrity and strength, excluding its performance. For example, the hydraulic motor has one or more components made of a composite material, an alloy, a polymer, or a combination of any of these materials. In one embodiment, the cover and the drum are both made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyoxymethylene (POM) or polycaprolactam (cast nylon 6). Therefore, both the cover cylinder and the drum provide low friction loss, but have high strength at low temperatures. The waste heat recovery device may further include an outlet check valve connected to the outlet for preventing backflow of the heat transfer fluid of the waste heat recovery device. The check valve, also known as a flap valve, check valve or check valve, typically allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through the check valve in a unique predetermined direction. The check valve has low implementation cost and excellent reliability. The waste heat recovery device may further include an inlet check valve connected to the inlet for preventing backflow of the heat transfer fluid of the waste heat recovery device. The inlet valve provides yet another control valve to direct the flow of refrigerant or heat transfer fluid in a predetermined direction. The waste heat recovery unit can also include a high pressure vessel connected to the outlet. The high pressure vessel can hold a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid and stabilize their pressure so that the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid has a uniform temperature in substantially the same phase (e.g., liquid phase or supercritical phase). Preferably, the waste heat recovery unit may further comprise an expander or condenser connected between the outlet and the inlet, the expander or condenser being capable of increasing the capacity of the one or more refrigerants under adiabatic conditions by heating or otherwise, ultimately Make it a very cold liquid. For example, in the process of making dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), high pressure carbon dioxide expands into low pressure carbon dioxide and becomes solid. In contrast, embodiments of the invention form liquid carbon dioxide by expansion. Preferably, the expander includes a Joule Thomson device that inflates one or more refrigerants using an adiabatic process that does not generate waste heat to the surrounding environment. The waste heat recovery unit may also optionally include a compressor connected to the hydraulic motor at the inlet or outlet or the inlet and outlet, which is an element of the waste heat recovery unit when forming a complete loop circuit. If there is a refrigerant under the high pressure booster cylinder, the compressor can raise the pressure of the refrigerant. The compressor is also capable of reducing the capacity of one or more refrigerants. The compressor includes a dynamic or positive displacement compressor. For example, the positive displacement compressor is a rotary compressor or a reciprocating compressor. The dynamic compressor is a centrifugal compressor or an axial compressor. The waste heat recovery unit may also include one or more conduits that are in contact with the surrounding environment of the waste heat recovery unit. Thus, the one or more conduits form part of one or more heat exchangers or a heat exchanger. The one or more conduits provide effective heat to the waste heat recovery unit so that the waste heat recovery unit can operate efficiently. For example, the one or more conduits include shell and tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, shell heat exchangers, insulated wheel heat exchangers, plate fin heat exchangers, pillow plate heat exchangers, fluid heat Exchangers, dynamic scraper heat exchangers, phase change heat exchangers, direct contact heat exchangers, and microchannel heat exchangers. According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method of using a waste heat recovery device. The method includes a first step of receiving a heat transfer fluid at an inlet of a hydraulic motor of the waste heat recovery device, a second step of introducing the heat transfer fluid into at least one compartment of the hydraulic motor, and a third step of heating the pass in at least one of the compartments a thermal fluid (in order to increase the pressure or capacity of the heat transfer fluid in the at least one compartment), the fourth step causes the heat transfer fluid to expand in one or more compartments to urge the hydraulic motor to move in a predetermined direction, step 5 The heat transfer fluid is discharged at the outlet of the hydraulic motor, and the sixth step returns the heat transfer fluid from the outlet to the inlet. Some of these steps can be changed in sequence. Once the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid is installed, the waste heat recovery device can receive waste heat to heat one or more refrigerants so that the one or more refrigerants can be circulated inside the waste heat recovery device, resulting in non-stop Running. In an embodiment of the invention, the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid is carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), and carbon dioxide can be operated in a liquid state within the waste heat recovery unit. Since carbon dioxide can maintain its liquid state at a temperature of about -70 to 30 ° C and a pressure of 6 to 1,500 bar, the waste heat recovery device can absorb heat at a temperature of -30 to 50 °C. For example, the waste heat recovery device can absorb ambient heat in the summer, provide useful kinetic energy (such as motor rotation), and discharge the absorbed heat to the groundwater. In one case, heating the heat transfer fluid includes the step of freezing the waste water so that the dirt is removed from the freshly frozen water. Therefore, the waste heat recovery device can also function as a clean water generator. The method may also include the step of enclosing the heat transfer fluid by dividing the heat transfer fluid into portions of one or more compartments having similar volumes by installing a radially movable vane to a drum. The heat transfer fluid (also called refrigerant) is sealed and looped inside the waste heat recovery device without being wasted. For example, a single injection of carbon dioxide can sustain the waste heat recovery unit for several years. The method may additionally include sealing a plurality of portions of one or more compartments in a single step. Isolation of multiple compartments prevents heat transfer fluid from leaking from one compartment to another, with the result that the associated compartment pressure increases. Accordingly, the refrigerant has a closed compartment to increase its pressure, pushing the blades of the compartment to move in a predetermined direction. The step of accepting the heat transfer fluid may include the step of injecting carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide can be injected into the waste heat recovery unit through one of the check valves so that carbon dioxide is not leaked after injection. When carbon dioxide is injected, an impurity gas such as air is extruded into the waste heat recovery device because carbon dioxide has a higher quality density than air. Alternatively, in accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine powered by the flow of pressurized cold liquid carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), the engine including a chambered rotating device. The chamber has a plurality of cross-sections of substantially the same size that are generally perpendicular to the direction of travel of the carbon dioxide. When the inlet of the carbon dioxide cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine is advanced to its outlet, the pressure of the carbon dioxide gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet because the chamber is heated by the external medium. Therefore, at the exit, the volume of liquid carbon dioxide expands and continues to be in a liquid state. The pressure of carbon dioxide at the outlet is higher than that at the entrance. The carbon dioxide fluid is returned to the inlet of the rotating unit through a series of heat exchangers and expanders or condensers to ensure that the cold liquid carbon dioxide at the inlet of the rotating unit is substantially below zero degrees Celsius. The chamber of the rotating device has an equal cross section from the inlet to the outlet. The rotating device is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyoxymethylene (POM) or polycaprolactam (cast nylon 6), and these materials are high molecular polymers. In use, the carbon dioxide in the chamber remains liquid, and the pressure gradually increases during the advancement from the inlet to the outlet. After the carbon dioxide exits the rotating device, the carbon dioxide can return to the inlet to become a very cold liquid with a temperature of approximately -50 to -10 degrees Celsius, forming a closed loop with the rotating device. Due to the chamber with equal section and fixed-quality carbon dioxide, a small amount of heat from the external environment can increase the temperature of the chamber's carbon dioxide, for example by 5 degrees Celsius, which can cause the pressure of the carbon dioxide to rise by about 100 bar or higher. And remain liquid at the exit. In comparison, water of the same quality or capacity requires twice the heat of the higher temperature to raise the water temperature by 5 degrees Celsius. Heating the liquid carbon dioxide in the chamber causes the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide to rise, resulting in mechanical motion and conversion to kinetic energy. The rotating device provides an efficient and advantageous mechanism to convert the original waste heat into useful energy. Inside the rotating device, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the inlet of the rotating device is very low, for example about minus 60 degrees Celsius, slightly above the freezing point of carbon dioxide. The very cold liquid carbon dioxide is still cold at the exit of the rotating device after its temperature is increased by 5 to 15 degrees Celsius. Therefore, even if the temperature of the external environment is between minus 50 degrees Celsius (–40 ° C) and 0 degrees Celsius (0 ° C), the external environment can heat the liquid carbon dioxide. In other words, the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine can operate by obtaining low-grade heat such as ambient heat without the need for raw material costs. A waste heat source with a high temperature will enable the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine to produce a higher output. Since the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the exit of the rotating device may still be below zero degrees Celsius, the rotating device or cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine may be used to crystallize or freeze fresh water, waste water or seawater in the air. The frozen fresh water can then be used to cool or regulate the temperature of houses in summer or in the tropics. When used in hot climates, the external environment will heat the liquid carbon dioxide to around twenty (20) degrees Celsius, so that the liquid carbon dioxide at the inlet of the rotating device has a lower pressure and becomes cooler. Depending on the pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide undergoes a controlled expansion and contraction process such that the carbon dioxide does not form dry ice or gaseous form of carbon dioxide. If heat from a high temperature source is received, such as a decomposition process from plasma gasification waste treatment, high temperature heat energy can be recovered to make the cold CO ₂ (ie, carbon dioxide) hydraulic engine emit effective work, similar to power generation. The cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine is a mechanical drive for wet waste treatment power generation, hot and cold fresh water production, which enables any livable land to be in a sustainable manner without polluting the environment and depleting natural resources. The cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine is telescopic and lightweight, providing power to large and small vehicles. The cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine may also include one or more check valves that are connected in a closed circuit to prevent backflow of working fluid. A "unidirectional" gear such as a ratchet and pawl on the drive shaft of the cold carbon dioxide hydraulic engine will ensure mechanical rotation in a single direction. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of using a cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine, the method comprising a step of reducing a temperature of a heat transfer fluid to a temperature lower than a temperature around the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine; Another step of absorbing heat through the heat transfer fluid of the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine; and yet another step of converting a portion or more of the absorbed heat into a displacement as an output. Some of these steps can be changed in sequence, while all of these steps can be repeated continuously in a loop to operate the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine. When carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine is also called a waste heat recovery device. The method also includes a step of increasing the temperature of the heat transfer fluid after converting one or more portions of the heat to a displacement as an output. In other words, the fluid (ie, the heat transfer medium) is capable of absorbing thermal energy from waste heat, sunlight, stoves, plasma gasification devices, hot springs, or any other natural or industrial heat source, converting the thermal energy into the desired form of energy (eg, Electrical energy, mechanical energy). The method can be applied to a wide range of industries and can be improved to meet individual needs or specifications. The step of increasing the temperature of the heat transfer fluid additionally includes a step of absorbing thermal energy from the surrounding environment by the heat transfer fluid. Since the surrounding environment provides an almost inexhaustible source of energy, the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine does not need to carry "raw material fuel" to it, nor does it cause environmental damage. Instead, the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine lowers the temperature around it, equivalent to an air conditioner that requires little operating cost. The cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine is scalable and can be used as a battery charger in an electric vehicle to drive a generator. In other words, the cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine provides kinetic energy that directly drives the vehicle's powertrain. The large capacity CO ₂ hydraulic engine can act as a power source for the power station. The heat exchanger mounted on the motor will absorb heat from or around other heat sources. The cold CO ₂ hydraulic engine does not generate waste heat, and the temperature of the engine body is lower than the ambient temperature so that its working medium cools the environment.

The drawings (Fig. or FIG) are used to explain one or more embodiments of the invention and explain the principles of operation. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are not intended In particular, Figure 1 illustrates a waste heat recovery unit. The drawings to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Figure 1 relates to an embodiment of the invention. In particular, Fig. 1 is a waste heat recovery device 20. The waste heat recovery device 20 includes a cold liquefier casing 22, an inlet check valve 51, a rotary vane motor 26, an outlet check valve 71, a high pressure vessel 23, a running check valve 31, and a joule. The Thomson device 41, these components are connected together in an orderly clockwise manner by heat transfer tubes or heat transfer tubes 10. A compressor (not shown) may be attached to the outlet check valve 71 in front of the high pressure vessel 23 as needed. The heat transfer tube 10 passes through some external heat exchanger (not shown). An internal heat exchanger 27 is embedded (not shown) in the rotary vane motor 26. The internal heat exchanger 27 has a heat transfer fluid inlet 28 and a heat transfer fluid outlet 29 which is connected back to the heat transfer fluid inlet 28 by a heat transfer fluid tube 21. The heat transfer fluid tube 21 collects thermal energy through an external heat source (not shown) to supply power to the waste heat recovery unit 20. In the first step, the waste heat recovery unit 20 is operated or used, and a high pressure CO ₂ (carbon dioxide) from an external source of about 70 bar and a pressure of 30 degrees Celsius is injected into the high pressure vessel 23 through the inlet 82. The temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide (i.e., CO ₂ ) are affected by the temperature around the waste heat recovery unit 20. Pushing the inlet bonnet pin 84 will open the inlet check valve 81 when the inlet bonnet is tightly closed. Once the inlet check valve 81 is opened, the high pressure CO ₂ fills the chamber of the high pressure vessel 23, and once the injection is completed, the high pressure CO ₂ is controlled inside by the outlet check valve 71 and the operation check valve 31. When the waste heat recovery device 20 is in operation, a discharge cap 63 is generally released. In order to initially start the operation of the waste heat recovery device 20, the discharge check valve 61 is opened by closing the discharge cover 63, pushing it to discharge the cover pin, and allowing the chamber of the rotary vane motor 26 to come into contact with the external environment through the discharge port 62. When the waste heat recovery device 20 is in operation, a discharge cap 63 is generally released. In order to initially start the operation of the waste heat recovery device 20, the discharge check valve 61 is opened by closing the discharge cover 63, pushing it to discharge the cover pin, and allowing the chamber of the rotary vane motor 26 to come into contact with the external environment through the discharge port 62. When high pressure CO ₂ flows through the running check valve, its pressure and its temperature drop. Since the Joule Thomson device 41 provides a temperature of about 0.9K per bar at a temperature of thirty (30) degrees Celsius and 70 bar, the CO ₂ reaches the Joule Thomson device 41 at a pressure of about 60 bar and its temperature drops to 21 At degrees Celsius, the Joule Thomson index is about 1K per bar (pressure change). When the CO ₂ flow passes through the Joule Thomson device 41, the pressure of the CO ₂ is further lowered by about 40 to 20 bar, and the temperature of the CO ₂ is further lowered to minus 19 degrees Celsius, and the density thereof becomes about 1,000 kg/m ³ , which is The liquid is formed in the cold liquefier casing 22. Start air, CO ₂ and some will leak through the discharge port 62 into the surrounding environment, causing the motor 26 to rotate the rotating blade. The cold liquid CO _{2 is} then sucked in by the vane motor 26 and injected into the chamber 24 separated by the movable vanes 25 of the vane motor 26. The rotary vane motor 26 has eighteen (18) blades which effectively divide the circumference of the rotary vane motor 26 into eighteen (18) sections. When the vanes are closed by a shroud 66 of the vane motor 26, the number of vanes 25 can be varied as desired. According to Fig. 1, the eighteen (18) blade 25 is radially movable about a drum 68 on the drive shaft 70 of the rotary vane motor 26, and the drum 68 is fixed to the drive shaft 70. The barrel 68 and the canister 66 are centrifuged. As shown in Fig. 1, the drum 68 is transferred toward the top of the casing 66, and the casing 66 closes the drum 68. The radially movable vanes 25 divide the space between the shroud 66 and the drum 68 into eighteen (18) mutually independent compartments. After being fully extended, the eighteen (18) blades 25 seal the compartments. The top of the space has four (4) of the eighteen (18) compartments, each having a capacity of substantially zero. In contrast, there are eight (8) compartments at the bottom of the drum 68, which generally have the same or constant capacity. The inner surface of the shroud 66 is non-circular, which encloses the drum 68. As the drum 68 and the drive shaft 70 rotate, the blades 25 constantly contact the inner surface of the casing 66. Moreover, the vanes 25 are freely expandable and contractible in the grooves of the drum 68, and there is no friction or a negligible resistance to the rotation of the drum 68 or the transmission shaft 70. In use, the rotary vane motor 26 the following eight (8) between the chamber 24 is filled with cold liquid CO _2, drive vanes 25 toward the discharge check valve 61 moves. The chamber 24 at the bottom of the vane motor 26 passes over the heating section where the internal heat exchanger is embedded in the vane motor 26, and the pressure of carbon dioxide in these mutually closed chambers 24 increases, resulting in the drum 68. The drive shaft 70 rotates clockwise. An internal heat exchanger 27 is passed through where the heated fluid flows, which fluid enters through the heat transfer fluid inlet 28 and exits through the heat transfer fluid outlet 29. The cooler heat transfer fluid passes through a heat transfer fluid tube 21 where the cooler heat transfer fluid is heated by an external heat source received by the heat transfer fluid tube 21. One of the basic heat sources is ambient heat or low-grade waste heat from industrial or other waste sources. The heat transfer fluid is returned to the heat transfer fluid inlet 28 by bringing in the heat energy required to increase the temperature of the cold liquid CO ₂ and its pressure. The heat transfer fluid can be any fluid that can be handled by the outer casing of air, liquid water, steam or rotary vane motor 26 as desired. A few seconds after the CO ₂ flows out of the discharge port 62, the discharge cap 63 releases the discharge discharge pin 64 and closes the opening of the discharge check valve 61. The liquid CO ₂ at the outlet of the rotary vane motor 26 is now at a higher pressure than the pressure in the high pressure vessel 23, and can flow into the high pressure vessel 23 against the outlet check valve 71. If the liquid CO ₂ is at a pressure below 5.1 bar when it is discharged at the outlet, the compressor may be used to pressurize the carbon dioxide to flow into the high pressure vessel 23 as needed. After the inlet cover 83 is released, the external CO ₂ source can be removed. The colder liquid CO ₂ having a higher temperature in the high pressure vessel 23 is guided through the original path to the inlet of the rotary vane motor 26. Since the temperature of the carbon dioxide is lower than the initial temperature at the start of the startup, the cold liquid CO ₂ is heated by heating the tube 10 carrying the cold liquid CO ₂ through some means (not shown), which can be used for other applications. . A device that blows ambient air toward the heat transfer tube 10, such as a fan, can transfer heat to the heat transfer tube 10, making the surrounding air cooler, equivalent to an air conditioner. Since cold liquid CO ₂ operates with carbon dioxide below zero degrees Celsius, cold liquid CO ₂ can be warmed by crystallizing or freezing fresh water from seawater or wastewater. The liquid CO ₂ formed in the cold liquefier casing 22 now becomes very cold, with a temperature of minus 48 degrees Celsius and a pressure of about 20 bar. The liquid CO _{2 has} a density of about 1150 kg/m ³ , a heat content of about 95 kj/kg, and an entropy of about 0.58 J/g*K. When the cold liquid CO _{2 is} injected into the chamber 24 and flows to the outlet of the rotary vane motor 26, the cold carbon dioxide gains heat (thermal energy), causing its temperature to rise by five (5) degrees Celsius to reach minus forty-three (43). ) Celsius, where the heat content is about 108 kj/kg, the entropy is about 0.62 J/g*K, and the pressure is increased to about 105 bar. The change in heat content is approximately 13 kj/Kg and the change in entropy is approximately 0.04 J/g*K. The increased pressure of carbon dioxide in the chamber 24 of the waste heat recovery device 20 is prevented by the ratchet and pawl system (not shown) mounted on the drive shaft 70 of the rotary vane motor 26 from returning to the rotary vane motor 26 Entrance. The blade 25 of the rotary vane motor 26 can only move forward clockwise to the outlet, discharging pressurized carbon dioxide to the high pressure vessel 23. After the cold liquid CO ₂ is heated by the heat transfer tube 10 to a suitable temperature value and pressure value, the Joule Thomson device 41 causes the carbon dioxide to form a liquid having a temperature of about forty-eight (48) degrees Celsius and a pressure of 10 to 20 bar. CO ₂ . The liquid carbon dioxide is then sucked into the rotary vane motor 26 by the moving vane suction action. Then the loop is repeated continuously. Alternatively, carbon dioxide exiting the Joule Thomson device 41 can be injected directly into the rotary vane motor 26. Cold CO _{2 at} minus forty-eight (48) degrees Celsius is used to perform the operation or is relatively cold. In the second embodiment, carbon dioxide does not enter the high pressure vessel 23, but is directly fed to the inlet of another waste heat recovery unit 20 rotary vane motor 26. After driving the drive shaft 70, the pressure of the cold CO ₂ may drop to 75 bar, while the temperature is higher, and exits from the vane motor 26 to the high pressure vessel 23 where it is returned through the heat transfer tube 10. Go to the cold liquefier casing 22 of the first waste heat recovery unit 20. When the loop begins, the cold liquid CO ₂ changes back to a very low temperature. The waste heat recovery unit may optionally include a compressor that is coupled between the cold liquefier casing 22 and the rotary vane motor 26. The compressor pushes carbon dioxide and injects carbon dioxide into the rotary vane motor 26. In the present invention, the words "comprising", "including", and grammatical variants thereof mean "open" or "inclusive" language, unless otherwise specifically indicated, so that they include the recited elements, but also include additional There are no explicitly listed elements. As used herein, the term "about", in the context of a component of a recipe of interest, generally means +/- 5% of the value, more typically +/- 4% of the value, more usually means +/- 3% of the stated value, more usually means +/- 2% of the value, even more generally means +/- 1% of the value, and even more generally means +/ of the value - 0.5%. Certain embodiments may be disclosed in a range format throughout the disclosure process. The description of the range format is for convenience and brevity and should not be considered as an immutable limitation of the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the description of a range should be considered as specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual values within the range. For example, a description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered as specifically disclosing sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc. And so on and a single value within this range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This application does not depend on the breadth of the range. It is apparent that those skilled in the art having the above disclosures can make various modifications and changes to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. . However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; therefore, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the present invention and the contents of the invention are modified. All should remain within the scope of the invention patent.

10‧‧‧ Heat transfer tube 20‧‧ Waste heat recovery unit 21‧‧‧ Heat transfer fluid tube 22‧‧‧Low liquefier cover tube 23‧‧‧High pressure container 24‧‧‧Case 25‧‧‧ Blade 26 ‧‧‧Rotor-type motor 27‧‧‧Internal heat exchanger 28‧‧‧Heat fluid inlet 29‧‧‧Heat fluid outlet 31‧‧‧Run check valve 41‧‧ Joule Thomson device 51‧‧ ‧Inlet check valve 61‧‧‧Drain check valve 62‧‧‧Drain port 63‧‧‧Drain cover 64‧‧‧Drain pin 66‧‧‧ Cover 68‧‧‧Turn 70‧‧‧ Drive shaft 71 ‧‧‧Export check valve 81‧‧‧Inlet check valve 82‧‧‧Inlet 83‧‧‧Inlet cover 84‧‧‧Inlet bonnet pin

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the waste heat recovery apparatus of the present invention.

10‧‧‧ heat transfer tube

20‧‧‧Waste heat recovery unit

21‧‧‧heat transfer fluid tube

22‧‧‧Cold liquefier cover

23‧‧‧High pressure vessel

24‧‧‧ chamber

25‧‧‧ leaves

26‧‧‧Rotary vane motor

27‧‧‧Internal heat exchanger

28‧‧‧ Heat transfer fluid inlet

29‧‧‧ Heat transfer fluid outlet

31‧‧‧Run check valve

41‧‧‧Joule Thomson device

51‧‧‧Inlet check valve

61‧‧‧Drain check valve

62‧‧‧Drainage

63‧‧‧Drain cover

64‧‧‧Discharge

66‧‧‧ Cover

68‧‧‧Turn

70‧‧‧ drive shaft

71‧‧‧Export check valve

81‧‧‧Inlet check valve

82‧‧‧ entrance

83‧‧‧ entrance cover

84‧‧‧Inlet valve pin

Claims (21)

A waste heat recovery device for recovering waste heat, the device recovering waste heat by a refrigerant through a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger being configured to receive a liquid refrigerant at the inlet, absorb waste heat through the refrigerant, and discharge the liquid at the outlet Refrigerant. Wherein, the refrigerant returns from the outlet loop to the inlet in the waste heat recovery device to form a closed loop circuit. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery device comprises: a hydraulic motor having an inlet, an outlet, and a heat exchange chamber between the inlet and the outlet; Wherein, the hydraulic motor further includes a plurality of blades for dividing the heat exchange chamber into separate compartments, the blades being configured to move according to a predetermined direction when the apparatus is in operation. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic motor comprises a rotating drum having a plurality of blades extending from a cylindrical surface of the rotating drum; the blades and the rotating drum are both It is closed by a cover cylinder of the hydraulic motor. The device of claim 2, wherein the two or more mutually isolated compartments have substantially the same volume. The device of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic motor further comprises a stop for preventing the blade from moving in a reverse direction. The device of claim 5, wherein the stop comprises a ratchet and a pawl device. The device of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic motor is made of a material that is resistant to at least 30 bar pressure and/or 150 degrees Kelvin (K). The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the outer casing and the drum of the hydraulic motor are made of a high molecular polymer. The device according to claim 8, wherein the polymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), cast nylon 6, or a combination of the two. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: an outlet check valve, the check valve being coupled to the outlet for preventing backflow of the heat transfer fluid of the waste heat recovery device. A waste heat recovery device for recovering waste heat according to claim 2, further comprising: an inlet check valve connected to the inlet for preventing heat transfer of the waste heat recovery device Fluid reflux. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: a high pressure vessel connected to the outlet. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: a cold liquefier cover barrel, the cold liquefier cover barrel being coupled between the outlet and the inlet. The device of claim 13 wherein said cold liquefier casing comprises a Joule Thomson device. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: a compressor connected to the hydraulic motor. The device of claim 2, further comprising: at least one conduit in contact with the ambient environment of the waste heat recovery device. A method of using a waste heat recovery device, comprising: receiving a heat transfer fluid at an inlet of a hydraulic motor of the waste heat recovery device; introducing the heat transfer fluid into at least one compartment of a hydraulic motor; heating in at least one compartment The heat transfer fluid; expanding the heat transfer fluid in one or more compartments to urge the hydraulic motor to move in a predetermined direction; discharging the heat transfer fluid at an outlet of the hydraulic motor, and removing the heat transfer fluid from the outlet Return to the entrance. The method of claim 17, wherein heating the heat transfer fluid comprises freezing the waste water. The method of claim 17, wherein the heat transfer fluid is sealed by attaching a radially movable vane to a drum for separating the heat transfer fluid into the at least one compartment section. The method of claim 19, comprising sealing a plurality of portions of at least one of the compartments. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the heat exchange fluid comprises injecting carbon dioxide.