TW201643280A - Rapid quantitative method of monitoring additive content level in electronic component micro-electroplating - Google Patents
Rapid quantitative method of monitoring additive content level in electronic component micro-electroplating Download PDFInfo
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本發明係與電子元件微電鍍技術有關,更詳而言之是指一種可快速監測電鍍液中添加劑之濃度以判斷金屬電鍍沉積填滿效果是否適當之電子元件微電鍍監測添加劑含量之快速定量法者。 The invention relates to the micro-electroplating technology of the electronic component, and more specifically to a rapid quantitative method for quickly monitoring the concentration of the additive in the plating solution to determine whether the metal plating deposition filling effect is appropriate for the micro-electroplating monitoring additive content of the electronic component. By.
按,習知電子元件(如半導體)之微電鍍(如銅電鍍),需因應各種孔洞之配置而調整電鍍液(如硫酸型電鍍液)之添加劑配方,一般而言,硫酸型電鍍液之基本配方主要分為兩種,一種是深孔配方(高銅低酸),另一種則是平面配方(低銅高酸),添加劑依照功能不同可分為光澤劑(加速劑)、抑制劑和平整劑三種。 According to the conventional micro-plating of electronic components (such as semiconductor) (such as copper plating), it is necessary to adjust the additive formula of the plating solution (such as sulfuric acid type plating solution) according to the arrangement of various holes. Generally, the basic of sulfuric acid type plating solution The formula is mainly divided into two types, one is deep-hole formula (high copper and low acid), and the other is flat formula (low copper and high acid). The additives can be divided into brighteners (accelerators), inhibitors and flats according to their functions. Three kinds of agents.
由於前述習知有機添加劑多含有氮、氧、硫原子的分子,且具有未鍵結的π電子對(電子輸送基),因此容易跟銅離子形成配位結合而影響銅離子在水溶液中的輸送速度,並參與改變銅離子的氧化還原電位,進而影響銅的沉積行為。其次,電鍍時,隨電鍍時間的增加,添加劑的含量會開始產生消耗,使電鍍中添加劑濃度變得不準確,進而產生 較差的填滿效果或表面形態較差的情形,為了能準確控制電鍍槽內之添加劑濃度,在添加劑濃度最佳時進行電鍍、獲致最佳之電鍍效果,常用的濃度分析方法有循環伏安剝除法(CVS)、紫外線可見光光譜儀法(UV)與離子層析法(LC)等。 Since the above-mentioned conventional organic additive contains a molecule of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms and has an unbonded π-electron pair (electron transport group), it is easy to form a coordination bond with copper ions and affect the transport of copper ions in an aqueous solution. Speed, and participate in changing the redox potential of copper ions, which in turn affects the deposition behavior of copper. Secondly, when plating, as the plating time increases, the content of the additive will start to be consumed, making the concentration of the additive in the plating inaccurate, resulting in In case of poor filling effect or poor surface morphology, in order to accurately control the concentration of additives in the plating bath, electroplating is performed at the optimum concentration of the additive, and the best plating effect is obtained. The commonly used concentration analysis method is cyclic voltammetry stripping method. (CVS), ultraviolet visible light spectrometer (UV) and ion chromatography (LC).
前揭濃度分析方法雖然精確,不過分析過程耗時,並不適合製程線上(On Line)程序使用,顯然仍有改善之處。 Although the previous method of concentration analysis is accurate, the analysis process is time consuming and not suitable for use on the On Line program. Obviously there are still improvements.
本發明之主要目的即在提供一種電子元件微電鍍監測添加劑含量之快速定量法,其可快速監測電鍍液中添加劑之濃度是否正常,進而判斷金屬電鍍沉積填滿效果是否適當,且穩定性佳,甚具實用價值者。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a rapid quantitative method for monitoring the content of an additive for electronic component micro-plating, which can quickly monitor whether the concentration of the additive in the plating solution is normal, and thereby determine whether the metal plating deposition filling effect is appropriate and has good stability. Very practical value.
緣是,為達成前述之目的,本發明係提供一種電子元件微電鍍監測添加劑含量之快速定量法,用以可監測電鍍液中添加劑之濃度變化,主要係在定電壓條件下,線上快速監測電鍍液中添加劑之電流密度差值與檢量線比較,判斷是否超過一預定值,以得知添加劑濃度是否正常,進而判斷金屬電鍍沉積填滿效果是否適當。 Therefore, in order to achieve the foregoing object, the present invention provides a rapid quantitative method for monitoring the content of an additive for electronic component micro-plating, which can monitor the concentration change of the additive in the plating solution, mainly under the condition of constant voltage, rapid monitoring and plating on the line. The current density difference of the additive in the liquid is compared with the calibration curve to determine whether it exceeds a predetermined value to know whether the additive concentration is normal, and thereby whether the metal plating deposition filling effect is appropriate.
進一步地,係線上監測電鍍液中添加劑之電流密度差值與檢量線比較,判斷是否小於或大於該預定值。 Further, the difference in current density of the additive in the plating solution is compared with the calibration curve to determine whether it is less than or greater than the predetermined value.
進一步地,該預定值係指無添加劑之電鍍母液與有加入臨界點添加劑之電鍍液,分別進行電鍍預定時間後 之電流值差。 Further, the predetermined value refers to a plating mother liquid without an additive and a plating liquid having an additive added to a critical point, respectively, after plating for a predetermined time. The current value difference.
進一步地,該臨界點係指可完整抑制還原電流密度量之添加劑含量。 Further, the critical point refers to an additive content which can completely suppress the amount of reduction current density.
進一步地,電鍍母液係硫酸型電鍍液,添加劑係包含固定抑制劑、光澤劑及平整劑。 Further, the plating mother liquid is a sulfuric acid type plating solution, and the additive contains a fixing inhibitor, a gloss agent, and a leveling agent.
進一步地,電鍍母液係高銅低酸電鍍液。 Further, the plating mother liquid is a high copper low acid plating solution.
圖1係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm,2-MP:2ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm在定電壓下混調配方中不同MPSA濃度曲線圖。 Figure 1 is a plot of different MPSA concentrations in a mixed formulation of CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl - : 46 ppm, 2-MP: 2 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm at constant voltage.
圖2係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm,2-MP:2ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同MPSA濃度平均電流密度及沉積厚度曲線圖。 Fig. 2 is a graph showing the average current density and deposition thickness of different MPSA concentrations of CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl - : 46 ppm, 2-MP: 2 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm mixed formulation.
圖3係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm,2-MP:2ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同MPSA濃度電流密度差圖(檢量線圖)。 Figure 3 is a plot of different MPSA concentration current density difference for CuSO 4 : 0.8M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5M, Cl - : 46ppm, 2-MP: 2ppm, PEG: 90ppm, 1000rpm mixing formula (check-line diagram) .
圖4係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm定電壓下混調配方的不同2MP濃度曲線圖。 Figure 4 is a graph showing the different 2MP concentration profiles of the mixed formula of CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl - : 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm.
圖5係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同2MP濃度平均電流密度及沉積厚度曲線圖。 Figure 5 is a plot of average 2MP concentration average current density and deposition thickness for CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl - : 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm blending formulation.
圖6係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同2MP濃度電流密度差圖(檢量線圖)。 Fig. 6 is a graph showing the difference in current density of 2MP concentration currents of CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl − : 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm mixed formula (check-line diagram).
圖7係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm定電壓下混調配方的不同JGB濃度曲線圖。 Figure 7 is a graph of different JGB concentrations of mixed formulas of CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl: 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm.
圖8係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同JGB濃度最終電流密度及沉積厚度曲線圖。 Figure 8 is a plot of final current density and deposition thickness for different JGB concentrations of CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl: 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm blending formulation.
圖9係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同JGB濃度電流密度差圖(檢量線圖)。 Figure 9 is a graph of different JGB concentration current density difference (measurement line diagram) of CuSO4: 0.8M, H2SO4: 0.5M, Cl: 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm, 1000 rpm mixed formula.
圖10係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,2-MP:2ppm,1000rpm定電壓下混調配方的不同PEG濃度曲線圖。 Figure 10 is a graph showing different PEG concentration profiles of mixed formulas at a constant voltage of 1000 rpm for CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl: 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, 2-MP: 2 ppm.
圖11係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,2-MP:2ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同PEG濃度平均電流密度及沉積厚度曲線圖。 Figure 11 is a plot of average PEG concentration average current density and deposition thickness for CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl: 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, 2-MP: 2 ppm, 1000 rpm blending formulation.
圖12係CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm,MPSA:5ppm,2-MP:2ppm,1000rpm混調配方之不同PEG濃度電流密度差圖(檢量線圖)。 Figure 12 is a graph showing the difference in current density of different PEG concentrations of CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl - : 46 ppm, MPSA: 5 ppm, 2-MP: 2 ppm, mixed formula of 1000 rpm (check-line diagram) .
以下,茲舉本發明一較佳實施例並配合圖示作進一步之詳細說明如下: 首先,本發明一較佳實施例電子元件微電鍍監測添加劑含量之快速定量法,係可監測電鍍液中添加劑之濃度變化,進而可利用添加劑之濃度變化,判斷電子元件之金屬電鍍沉積填滿效果是否適當,其方式主要係在定電壓的條件下,線上快速監測電鍍液中添加劑之電流密度差值與檢量線比較,判斷是否超過(小於或大於)一預定值,以得知添加劑濃度是否正常。 Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings as follows: Firstly, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rapid quantitative method for monitoring the content of the additive in the micro-electroplating of the electronic component can monitor the concentration change of the additive in the plating solution, and then can determine the metal plating deposition filling effect of the electronic component by using the concentration change of the additive. Whether it is appropriate, the method is mainly based on the constant voltage condition, the on-line rapid monitoring of the current density difference of the additive in the plating solution is compared with the calibration curve to determine whether it exceeds (less than or greater than) a predetermined value to know whether the additive concentration is normal.
前揭預定值,係指無添加劑之電鍍母液與有加入臨界點添加劑之電鍍液,分別進行電鍍預定時間後之電流值差,臨界點係指可完整抑制還原電流密度量之添加劑含量,電鍍母液係硫酸型電鍍液,如高銅低酸電鍍液,添加劑係包含固定抑制劑(PEG)、光澤劑(MPSA)及平整劑(JGB或2MP)。 The pre-existing predetermined value refers to the difference between the electroplating mother liquor without additive and the electroplating solution with the additive added to the critical point additive, respectively, after the predetermined time of electroplating, and the critical point refers to the additive content which can completely suppress the reduction current density, and the plating mother liquor It is a sulfuric acid type plating solution, such as a high copper low acid plating solution, and the additive contains a fixing inhibitor (PEG), a gloss agent (MPSA), and a leveling agent (JGB or 2MP).
以下,係針對本發明快速定量法所進行之實驗內容及相關條件、數據:首先,採用高銅低酸液(CuSO4:0.8M,H2SO4:0.5M,Cl-:46ppm)為供分析之電鍍母液,使用之添加劑則有光澤劑(sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate,MPSA)、平整劑(Janus Green B,JGB、2-Mercaptopyridine,2-MP)與抑制劑(Polyethylene glycol,PEG-10000),固定抑制劑(90ppm)和平整劑(2ppm)而改變光澤劑MPSA的濃度,使用電化學分析儀做定電壓分析,在定電位下(-0.23V)進行100秒快速監測電 鍍,如圖1,且取40秒到100秒之區間計算出平均電流密度值與標準差值,如表1,再以表面輪廓儀測量到的膜厚除以電鍍時間即可以得到薄膜的沉積速率,如圖2。 Hereinafter, the experimental contents and related conditions and data of the rapid quantitative method of the present invention are as follows: First, a high copper low acid solution (CuSO 4 : 0.8 M, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5 M, Cl − : 46 ppm) is used as a supply. Analytical plating mother liquor, using additives such as sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (MPSA), leveling agent (Janus Green B, JGB, 2-Mercaptopyridine, 2-MP) and inhibitor (Polyethylene glycol, PEG) -10000), fixed inhibitor (90 ppm) and leveling agent (2 ppm) to change the concentration of the gloss agent MPSA, using an electrochemical analyzer for constant voltage analysis, and performing a 100-second rapid monitoring plating at a constant potential (-0.23 V). As shown in Fig. 1, the average current density value and the standard deviation are calculated in the range of 40 seconds to 100 seconds. As shown in Table 1, the deposition rate of the film can be obtained by dividing the film thickness measured by the surface profiler by the plating time. As shown in Figure 2.
經由表1的電流密度曲線可做出圖3電流密度差(與母液電流值間的差)檢量線圖。 The current density curve of Table 1 can be used to make a calibration curve of the current density difference (difference between the mother liquid current values) of FIG.
在圖1(4-32)中,從定電壓-0.23V的位置可看出添加MPSA的量在混調配方裡面電流密度量沒有很大的差異。當添加劑MPSA含量越多時,則發現電流密度量似乎受到MPSA添加含量的影響有些微變大。經由圖2電流密度值的曲線,可以明顯看出是兩種斜率所組成的曲線,一條為濃度足夠的MPSA(3ppm~12ppm),一條為濃度不足的MPSA(0~1ppm)。隨著MPSA之濃度增加,銅沉積的厚度也跟著增加,且在濃度3~12ppm區間時,陰極電流密度和銅膜厚度(或沉積速率)呈現近似兩段式線性的增加,銅膜厚度都可達5μm以上,因此定溫(25℃)及1000rpm下可計算出此段 的還原速率常數,由於還原沉積速率決定控制步驟為銅離子還原成亞銅離子,亞銅離子量正比於MPSA的濃度。 In Fig. 1 (4-32), it can be seen from the position of the constant voltage of -0.23 V that the amount of MPSA added does not differ greatly in the amount of current density in the mixed formula. When the additive MPSA content is more, it is found that the current density amount seems to be slightly increased by the MPSA addition content. Through the curve of the current density value of Figure 2, it can be clearly seen that the curve consists of two slopes, one is MPSA (3ppm~12ppm) with sufficient concentration, and the other is MPSA (0~1ppm) with insufficient concentration. As the concentration of MPSA increases, the thickness of copper deposits also increases. At the concentration of 3~12ppm, the cathode current density and copper film thickness (or deposition rate) show an approximate two-stage linear increase, and the thickness of the copper film can reach 5μm or more, so this section can be calculated at constant temperature (25°C) and 1000rpm The reduction rate constant, because the reduction deposition rate determines the control step is the reduction of copper ions to cuprous ions, the amount of cuprous ions is proportional to the concentration of MPSA.
由圖1可監測添加劑在真實鍍液中減少時對應於在晶片電鍍時實際的孔洞填滿形態,利用其電流密度差的檢量線(如圖3)來快速判斷沉積填滿效果是否適當,因此利用此快速簡易原理,將MPSA(0ppm)& PEG & 2-MP平均電流密度值與MPSA(1.8ppm)&PEG & 2-MP(假如是臨界點)的平均電流密度值做比較,其電流密度差值約為2.55854×10-5Amps/cm2,可利用此差值做為鍍液光澤劑(MPSA)濃度是否為正常的依據,只要差值小於2.55854×10-5Amps/cm2(前述之預定值)時,則代表MPSA已有些不足或是將消耗完,需再補充足量的MPSA在鍍液裡。 It can be monitored from Fig. 1 that the additive is reduced in the real plating solution corresponding to the actual pore filling pattern at the time of wafer plating, and the current density difference calibration line (Fig. 3) is used to quickly judge whether the deposition filling effect is appropriate. Therefore, using this quick and simple principle, the average current density value of MPSA (0ppm) & PEG & 2-MP is compared with the average current density value of MPSA (1.8ppm) & PEG & 2-MP (if it is the critical point), and the current density The difference is about 2.55854×10-5Amps/cm2, and the difference can be used as the basis for whether the concentration of the plating solution (MPSA) is normal, as long as the difference is less than 2.55854×10-5Amps/cm2 (predetermined value mentioned above). At the time, it means that the MPSA has some shortcomings or will be consumed, and it is necessary to add a sufficient amount of MPSA in the plating solution.
其次,若以相同之電鍍母液固定抑制劑PEG(90ppm)和光澤劑MPSA(5ppm)而改變平整劑2MP的濃度,在定電位下(-0.23V)進行100秒快速監測電鍍,如圖4,且取40秒到100秒做平均電流密度值、標準差值,如表2,再以表面輪廓儀測量到的膜厚除以電鍍時間即可以得到薄膜的沉積速率如圖5所示。 Secondly, if the concentration of the leveling agent 2MP is changed by the same plating mother solution fixing inhibitor PEG (90 ppm) and the gloss agent MPSA (5 ppm), the rapid monitoring plating is performed at a constant potential (-0.23 V) for 100 seconds, as shown in FIG. And taking 40 seconds to 100 seconds to do the average current density value, the standard difference, as shown in Table 2, and then the film thickness measured by the surface profile meter divided by the plating time can be obtained as shown in Figure 5.
經由表2的電流密度值可做出圖6電流密度差檢量線圖。 The current density difference check line graph of Figure 6 can be made via the current density values of Table 2.
由圖4可知,當未添加所有添加劑時,則電流密度量較大,但電鍍效果不好(鍍層不緊緻光滑);當只添加MPSA&PEG時,電流密度量變大,呈現在加速沉積的狀態;當混調配方添加2MP 0.25ppm時則有稍微抑制5秒鐘,但隨即電流密度量下陡變大;當添加2MP至0.5ppm時,則明顯抑制到70秒後才下陡有電流密度產生;當添加至0.8ppm以上則在100秒時間內均可抑制電流密度。換言之,可推測當2MP添加0.25ppm時,2MP含量不足以覆蓋滿旋轉電極所需吸附強度,所以無法完整抑制還原,造成電流密度量有上升趨勢。但2MP添加至0.5ppm時,一開始則有抑制產生,但達到60秒後,2MP片狀結構經轉速過程可能會產生翻轉現象無法均勻吸附覆蓋旋轉電極,推測2MP含量還是不夠,造成70秒後電流產生。當添加0.8ppm以上時,2MP含量已足夠,使定電位下測量有完整抑制住還原電流密度量。 It can be seen from Fig. 4 that when all the additives are not added, the current density is large, but the plating effect is not good (the plating layer is not smooth and smooth); when only MPSA & PEG is added, the current density is increased, and the deposition state is accelerated; When the mixed formula is added with 2MP 0.25ppm, it is slightly inhibited for 5 seconds, but then the current density is steeper and larger; when 2MP is added to 0.5ppm, it is obviously suppressed to 70 seconds after the steep current density is generated; When added to 0.8 ppm or more, the current density can be suppressed in 100 seconds. In other words, it can be presumed that when 2MP is added at 0.25 ppm, the 2MP content is insufficient to cover the required adsorption strength of the full rotating electrode, so that the reduction cannot be completely suppressed, and the current density amount tends to increase. However, when 2MP is added to 0.5ppm, inhibition occurs at the beginning, but after 60 seconds, the 2MP sheet structure may be reversed by the rotation speed process and cannot uniformly adsorb the rotating electrode. It is estimated that the 2MP content is still insufficient, resulting in 70 seconds. Current is generated. When 0.8 ppm or more is added, the 2MP content is sufficient to allow the measurement at a constant potential to completely suppress the amount of reduction current density.
由圖5可明顯看出兩種斜率所組成的曲線,一條為混調配方下濃度足夠的2MP(0.8~3ppm),一條為混調配方下濃度不足的2MP(0~0.5ppm),隨著2MP濃度增加,銅沉積 的厚度也跟著減少,且2MP濃度在0.8~3ppm時,陰極電流密度和銅膜厚度(或沉積速率)呈現近似線性,銅膜厚度都可達0.01μm以上,因此定溫(25℃)下可計算出此段的還原速率常數,顯然邊界層特性會因濃度而改變極大。因此,如在定電壓狀況下,由圖4來監測添加劑在真實鍍液中減少時對應於在晶片電鍍時實際的孔洞填滿形態,可利用其電流密度差的大小,如圖5所示,可快速判斷沉積填滿效果是否適當,因此,將MPSA& PEG & 2-MP(0ppm)曲線與MPSA &PEG & 2-MP(0.6ppm)曲線的電流密度量做比較,其電流密度差值約為0.0082Amps/cm2,可利用此差值做為電鍍液中平整劑(2MP)濃度是否正常的依據,只要電流密度差值小於0.0082Amps/cm2(預定值)時,則代表2MP有些不足或是將消耗完,需再補充足量的2MP在鍍液裡。 From Fig. 5, the curve composed of two slopes can be clearly seen, one is 2MP (0.8~3ppm) with sufficient concentration under mixed formula, and the other is 2MP (0~0.5ppm) with insufficient concentration under mixed formula. 2MP concentration increases, copper deposition The thickness of the film is also reduced. When the concentration of 2MP is 0.8~3ppm, the cathode current density and the thickness of the copper film (or deposition rate) are approximately linear, and the thickness of the copper film can reach 0.01μm or more, so the temperature can be calculated at a constant temperature (25°C). From the reduction rate constant of this section, it is obvious that the boundary layer characteristics will change greatly due to the concentration. Therefore, as in the case of a constant voltage condition, when the additive is monitored in FIG. 4 to be reduced in the actual plating solution, corresponding to the actual hole filling pattern at the time of wafer plating, the magnitude of the current density difference can be utilized, as shown in FIG. It is quick to judge whether the deposition filling effect is appropriate. Therefore, the MPSA& PEG & 2-MP (0 ppm) curve is compared with the current density of the MPSA & PEG & 2-MP (0.6 ppm) curve, and the current density difference is about 0.0082. Amps/cm2, can use this difference as the basis for the normal concentration of the leveling agent (2MP) in the plating solution. As long as the current density difference is less than 0.0082 Amps/cm2 (predetermined value), it means that 2MP is insufficient or will be consumed. After that, you need to add enough 2MP in the plating solution.
再者,若以相同之電鍍母液固定抑制劑PEG(90ppm)和光澤劑MPSA(5ppm)而改變平整劑(JGB)的濃度,在定電位下(-0.23V)進行100秒快速監測電鍍,如圖7(4-41),且取最終電流密度值,如表3,再以表面輪廓儀測量到的膜厚除以電鍍時間即可以得到薄膜的沉積速率如圖8所示。 Furthermore, if the concentration of the leveling agent (JGB) is changed by the same plating mother solution fixing inhibitor PEG (90 ppm) and the gloss agent MPSA (5 ppm), a 100 second rapid monitoring plating is performed at a constant potential (-0.23 V), such as Figure 7 (4-41), and take the final current density value, as shown in Table 3, and then the film thickness measured by the surface profilometer divided by the plating time can be obtained as shown in Figure 8.
如圖7所示,當未添加JGB時,可以看出電流密度量一直在成長;當添加JGB 1ppm時則有比未添加時稍微抑制一點但電流密度量還是緩慢成長;當添加JGB至2ppm時,則有更明顯抑制電流密度產生;當添加至5ppm以上則均可強烈抑制電流密度。我們推測當JGB添加量低於5ppm時,則沒有吸附覆蓋滿旋轉電極所以造成電流密度量產生。而經由圖8電流密度值的曲線,可以明顯看出是兩種近似直線所組成的曲線,一條為濃度足夠的JGB(5~10ppm),一條為濃度不足的JGB(0~4ppm),隨著JGB濃度增加銅沉積的厚度也跟著減少且趨於平緩,且JGB濃度在5~10ppm時,陰極電流和銅膜厚度(或沉積速率)呈現近似線性,銅膜厚度都可達0.003μm以上。在定電壓狀況下,由圖7來監測添加劑JGB在真實鍍液中減少時來對映於在晶片電鍍時實際的孔洞填滿形態,可利用其電流密度差的大小(如圖9)來快速判斷沉積填滿效果是否適當,因此,將MPSA& PEG & JGB(0ppm)曲線與MPSA &PEG & JGB(4.2ppm)曲線的電流密度做比較,其陰極電流密度差值約為0.0054Amps/cm2,可利用此差值做為鍍液平整劑(JGB)濃度是否為正常的依據,只要電流密度差值小於 0.0054Amps/cm2(預定值)時,則代表JGB已有不足或是將消耗完,需再補充足量的JGB在鍍液裡。 As shown in Fig. 7, when JGB is not added, it can be seen that the current density is always growing; when adding JGB 1ppm, it is slightly suppressed than when it is not added, but the current density is slowly growing; when JGB is added to 2ppm , it is more obvious to suppress the current density; when added to more than 5ppm, the current density can be strongly suppressed. We speculate that when the JGB addition amount is less than 5 ppm, no adsorption is applied to cover the full rotating electrode, so that a current density amount is generated. And through the curve of the current density value of Fig. 8, it can be clearly seen that the curve consists of two approximate straight lines, one is JGB (5~10ppm) with sufficient concentration, and one is JGB (0~4ppm) with insufficient concentration, with The thickness of copper deposition increases and the thickness of copper deposits decreases and tends to be gentle. When the JGB concentration is 5~10ppm, the cathode current and copper film thickness (or deposition rate) are approximately linear, and the thickness of copper film can reach more than 0.003μm. Under constant voltage conditions, when the additive JGB is reduced in the real plating solution by Figure 7, it is reflected in the actual pore filling pattern at the time of wafer plating, and the current density difference (see Figure 9) can be used to quickly To determine whether the deposition fill effect is appropriate, therefore, the MPSA& PEG & JGB (0 ppm) curve is compared with the current density of the MPSA & PEG & JGB (4.2 ppm) curve, and the cathode current density difference is about 0.0054 Amps/cm 2 . This difference is used as the basis for whether the concentration of the plating solution (JGB) is normal, as long as the difference in current density is less than When 0.0054Amps/cm2 (predetermined value), it means that the JGB is insufficient or will be consumed. It is necessary to add a sufficient amount of JGB in the plating solution.
此外,若以相同之電鍍母液固定平整劑2MP(2ppm)和光澤劑MPSA(5ppm)而改變抑制劑PEG的濃度,在定電位下(-0.23V)進行100秒快速監測電鍍,如圖10(4-46),且取40秒到100秒做平均電流密度值、標準差值,如表4,再以表面輪廓儀測量到的膜厚除以電鍍時間即可以得到薄膜的沉積速率如圖11所示。 In addition, if the concentration of the inhibitor PEG is changed by the same plating mother liquid fixing leveling agent 2MP (2 ppm) and the gloss agent MPSA (5 ppm), the rapid monitoring plating is performed at a constant potential (-0.23 V) for 100 seconds, as shown in Fig. 10 ( 4-46), and take the average current density value and standard deviation for 40 seconds to 100 seconds. As shown in Table 4, the film thickness measured by the surface profilometer is divided by the plating time to obtain the deposition rate of the film. Shown.
如圖10所示,在混調配方裡當未添加PEG時,可以看出電流密度量一直在增加;當添加PEG 3ppm時已有比未添加時稍微抑制一點;當添加至5ppm時,則有更明顯抑制電流密度產生;當添加至10ppm以上則均有抑制電流密度,可推測當PEG添加量低於10ppm時,PEG沒有覆蓋滿旋轉電極,所以造成電流密度量產生。 As shown in Figure 10, when the PEG was not added in the mixed formula, it can be seen that the current density amount has been increasing; when adding PEG 3ppm, it has slightly suppressed a little when it is not added; when it is added to 5ppm, there is It is more obvious that the current density is suppressed; when it is added to 10 ppm or more, the current density is suppressed. It is presumed that when the amount of PEG added is less than 10 ppm, the PEG does not cover the full rotating electrode, so that a current density amount is generated.
由圖11可看出兩種近似線性斜率所組成的曲線,一條為濃度足夠的PEG(20~90ppm),一條為濃度不足的PEG(0~10ppm),隨著PEG濃度增加銅沉積的厚度也跟著減少且趨於平緩,且PEG濃度在20~90ppm時,陰極電流密度和銅膜厚度(或沉積速率)呈現近似線性,銅膜厚度都可達0.8μm以上。因此,在定電壓狀況下,將MPSA& 2MP &PEG(0ppm)曲線與MPSA &2MP&PEG(11ppm)曲線的電流密度做比較,其電流密度差值約為0.0146Amps/cm2,可利用此電流密度差值做為鍍液抑制劑(PEG)濃度是否為正常的依據,只要電流密度差值小於0.0146Amps/cm2(預定值)時,則代表PEG已以有些不足或是將消耗完,需再補充足量的PEG在鍍液裡。 From Figure 11, we can see the curve of two approximate linear slopes, one is PEG (20~90ppm) with sufficient concentration, and the other is PEG (0~10ppm) with insufficient concentration. The thickness of copper deposition increases with the concentration of PEG. With decreasing and tending to be gentle, and the PEG concentration is 20~90ppm, the cathode current density and the copper film thickness (or deposition rate) are approximately linear, and the thickness of the copper film can reach 0.8μm or more. Therefore, the current density of the MPSA& 2MP & PEG (0 ppm) curve is compared with the MPSA & 2MP & PEG (11 ppm) curve at a constant voltage, and the current density difference is about 0.0146 Amps/cm2. Whether the concentration of the plating solution inhibitor (PEG) is normal, as long as the current density difference is less than 0.0146 Amps/cm2 (predetermined value), it means that the PEG has been insufficient or will be consumed, and a sufficient amount of PEG needs to be added. In the plating solution.
基此,如以標準配方的電流密度差值當基準,則當MPSA量少時會造成電流密度差值成負,而當抑制劑(PEG)或平整劑(JGB或2MP)量少時,會造成電流密度差值變成正,因此可以初步加以區隔判定少哪一種添加劑,進一步從隨時間量少所造成的電流密度差值變化對應於先前所做的檢量線圖將可再細分判斷缺少何種添加劑,及缺少量為多少,隨時加以補充。一般由於鍍液添加劑中添加量少者為光澤劑(MPSA)或平整劑,且是影響鍍膜構型至為重要,因此需非常謹慎補充。 Therefore, if the difference in current density of the standard formulation is used as a reference, the difference in current density will be negative when the amount of MPSA is small, and when the amount of inhibitor (PEG) or leveling agent (JGB or 2MP) is small, The difference in current density becomes positive, so it is possible to initially determine which additive is less, and further change the current density difference caused by the small amount of time corresponding to the previously performed calibration curve map. What kind of additives, and what amount is missing, can be added at any time. Generally, it is important to add a small amount of the plating solution additive to the gloss agent (MPSA) or the leveling agent, and it is important to affect the coating configuration, so it is necessary to supplement it with great care.
此外,另以具有不同深寬比孔洞晶片進行銅電 鍍,電鍍後分析晶片表面鍍層和孔洞鍍層之填滿形態來對照本發明之快速定量法,可利用不同的孔洞填滿形態與檢量曲線相應證:使用高銅低酸電鍍母液(深孔配方)(CuSO4.5H2O:0.8ppm,H2SO4:0.5ppm,Cl-:46ppm),加入混調配方的添加劑,如:2-MP(平整劑):2ppm、PEG(抑制劑):90ppm、MPSA(光澤劑):5ppm依序添加至母液中,觀察不同量添加劑的加入下,配方對晶片電鍍鍍層的影響。在電鍍過程期間,全程打開噴流幫浦使電鍍槽內之電鍍液保持強力對流循環狀態,使鍍層表面有較佳的剪切流動均勻性以確保晶片表面與硫酸銅和添加劑有足夠的均勻濃度反應。由法拉第定律計算得知厚度和電鍍時間關係,再設定電鍍時間,設定理論厚度值為8μm,電流為0.06A(0.01Amps/cm2)(深孔配方),將晶片切割成欲鍍面積約6cm2,並將電鍍過程全程控溫在25℃,一般電鍍電流供應方式主要有三種,分別為直流電鍍(DC)、脈衝電鍍(PP)以及逆轉脈衝電鍍(PR),本發明係採用直流電鍍法,因其具有穩定電流且操作簡單並符合商業界快速沉積需求。 In addition, copper plating is performed on holes having different aspect ratio holes, and the filling pattern of the surface plating and the hole plating of the wafer is analyzed after electroplating to compare the filling method of the present invention with different holes to fill the shape and the calibration curve. Proof: Use high copper low acid plating mother liquor (deep pore formula) (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O: 0.8ppm, H 2 SO 4 : 0.5ppm, Cl - : 46ppm), add additives to the mixed formula, such as: 2- MP (leveling agent): 2 ppm, PEG (inhibitor): 90 ppm, MPSA (gloss agent): 5 ppm was sequentially added to the mother liquor, and the effect of the formulation on the plating plating of the wafer was observed under the addition of different amounts of additives. During the electroplating process, the jet pump is opened all the way to maintain the strong convection circulation state of the plating solution in the plating bath, so that the surface of the coating has better shear flow uniformity to ensure sufficient uniform concentration reaction of the wafer surface with copper sulfate and additives. . The relationship between the thickness and the plating time is calculated by Faraday's law, and the plating time is set. The theoretical thickness value is set to 8 μm, the current is 0.06 A (0.01 Amps/cm 2 ) (deep hole formulation), and the wafer is cut into a desired plating area of about 6 cm. 2 , and the whole process of the electroplating process is controlled at 25 ° C. There are three main types of electroplating current supply methods: DC plating, pulse plating (PP) and reverse pulse plating (PR). The present invention uses DC plating. Because of its stable current and easy operation, it meets the rapid deposition needs of the commercial world.
附件一是電鍍母液固定配方(MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm)下各不同2-MP濃度的晶片表面和微孔內(孔徑:140μm)表面鍍層SEM圖。從表面5000X倍率可發現銅的結晶顆粒大小,隨著基礎母液中2-MP含量增加,銅晶粒的結 晶直徑減小,且晶粒愈不明顯,在高倍率20000X下,顆粒形態更加明顯,當添加2-MP 0.25ppm銅晶粒結晶呈不規則性,大小及高低差異大和形狀多稜狀、破碎,且晶粒間排列疏鬆、不緻密,但2-MP添加至0.8ppm和3ppm時,顆粒的結晶慢慢變小,形狀變圓滑且晶粒間距離漸漸變緻密,但晶粒形狀愈不明顯。 Annex 1 is an SEM image of the surface of the wafer and the surface of the micropores (pore size: 140 μm) at different 2-MP concentrations in the plating mother liquor fixing formulation (MPSA: 5 ppm, PEG: 90 ppm). The crystal grain size of copper can be found from the surface 5000X magnification, and the copper crystal grain knot increases with the increase of 2-MP content in the base mother liquor. The crystal diameter is reduced, and the crystal grains are less obvious. At a high magnification of 20000X, the particle morphology is more obvious. When 2-MP 0.25ppm copper crystals are added, the crystals are irregular, the size and height are large, and the shape is polygonal and broken. And the intergranular arrangement is loose and not dense, but when 2-MP is added to 0.8ppm and 3ppm, the crystallization of the particles gradually becomes smaller, the shape becomes smooth and the distance between crystal grains becomes gradually denser, but the grain shape is less obvious. .
附件二是電鍍母液固定配方(MPSA:5ppm,PEG:90ppm)下各不同2-MP濃度的微孔剖面(孔徑:40μm-140μm,孔深:50μm)鍍層SEM圖。從圖裡可發現當配方中2-MP含量不管如何變化,微孔內的沉積大致可分為兩種形態,一種是孔徑小(深寬比大),銅容易沉積,RDT值大;另一種是孔徑大(深寬比小),銅不易沉積,RDT值小。當鍍液中添加2-MP 0.25ppm,孔徑40μm至60μm的微孔皆可有效銅沉積,但容易造成鍍層內空洞產生,而孔徑70μm的微孔則形成反構形填充且RDT值小,顯然此配方中2-MP含量嚴重不足,深寬比大的孔內雖然銅可快速沉積,但因洞壁缺乏2-MP抑制,易造成空洞出現,且銅結構疏鬆、不緻密,容易有剝落產生,可與前述表面晶粒結構相印證,而深寬比小的孔內可能因剪切大,MPSA不易累積且2-MP也會滲入,形成一層阻障層,不利於銅沉積,形成表面層較厚,孔內較薄,由習知文獻可得知此配方的沉積型態屬反構型,表面及孔內兩側沉積速率高過於孔底,容易有空洞產生。當鍍液中添加 2-MP0 8ppm和3ppm時,銅填充效果較0.25ppm佳,孔徑70μm的微孔皆能有效填充,且填充效果亦比0.25ppm明顯,表示2-MP在兩配方有顯著功用,與MPSA產生相互競爭,可降低表面層銅沉積的速率,達到較完美的填充型態,雖然兩者配方填充效果較0.25ppm佳,但彼此間仍顯然不一樣,0.8ppm配方隨著深寬比漸小,微孔內銅沉積呈構形型態,代表表面與孔內兩側和孔底的沉積速率一樣,可能最終產生接縫的結果,而3ppm配方的沉積則屬超填充型態,從孔徑40μm至80μm的微孔可看出沉積效果由下往上填充,因孔底沉積速率較高很多,才可產生這種完美的填充型態,而這種型態則是符合我們實驗所期待的結果(如圖孔徑40μm微孔所示)。 The second part is the SEM image of the microporous profile (pore diameter: 40μm-140μm, pore depth: 50μm) of different 2-MP concentrations under electroplating mother liquor fixing formula (MPSA: 5ppm, PEG: 90ppm). It can be seen from the figure that when the 2-MP content in the formulation changes, the deposition in the micropores can be roughly divided into two forms, one is that the pore size is small (the aspect ratio is large), the copper is easy to deposit, and the RDT value is large; It is a large aperture (small aspect ratio), copper is not easy to deposit, and the RDT value is small. When 2-MP 0.25ppm is added to the plating solution, micropores with pore diameters of 40μm to 60μm can effectively deposit copper, but it is easy to cause voids in the coating, and the pore diameter The 70μm micropores form an inverted conformation and the RDT value is small. It is obvious that the 2-MP content in this formula is seriously insufficient. Although the copper can be deposited rapidly in the pores with large aspect ratio, the lack of 2-MP inhibition in the cave wall is easy. The voids appear, and the copper structure is loose and not dense, and it is easy to have spalling. It can be confirmed with the surface grain structure mentioned above, and the pores with small aspect ratio may be damaged due to large shear, MPSA is not easy to accumulate and 2-MP will also Infiltration, forming a layer of barrier layer, is not conducive to copper deposition, forming a thicker surface layer and a thinner pore. It is known from the literature that the deposition type of this formulation is an inverse configuration, and the deposition rate on both sides of the surface and the pores. Higher than the bottom of the hole, it is easy to have holes. When 2-MP0 8ppm and 3ppm are added to the plating solution, the copper filling effect is better than 0.25ppm, and the pore diameter is better. 70μm micropores can be effectively filled, and the filling effect is also more obvious than 0.25ppm, indicating that 2-MP has significant function in the two formulations, competing with MPSA to reduce the rate of surface layer copper deposition, achieving a perfect filling type. State, although the filling effect of the two formulas is better than 0.25ppm, it is obviously different from each other. The 0.8ppm formula gradually decreases with the aspect ratio, and the copper deposits in the micropores are in a configuration state, representing the surface and the inside of the pores. As with the deposition rate at the bottom of the hole, the result of the seam may eventually be produced, and the deposition of the 3 ppm formulation is an ultra-filled type. From the micropores with a pore size of 40 μm to 80 μm, it can be seen that the deposition effect is filled from the bottom to the top, due to the bottom of the hole. The deposition rate is much higher, and this perfect filling pattern can be produced, and this type is in line with the results expected by our experiments (as shown by the pore size of 40 μm micropores).
前述結果顯示,不同的孔洞填滿形態更可與本發明之檢量曲線相互應證,可加快現場工業電鍍的判斷及添加不同添加劑。 The foregoing results show that different pore filling patterns can be mutually verified with the calibration curve of the present invention, which can speed up the judgment of on-site industrial electroplating and add different additives.
透過上述各種添加劑之分析可證明,本發明所提供之電子元件微電鍍監測添加劑含量之快速定量法,其可在定電壓之電鍍環境條件下,透過監測電流密度差值,經由檢量線即可快速測量出添加劑濃度之變化,判斷添加劑消耗的程度,藉以快速補充不足的添加量,俾可簡化舊有複雜且繁複的分析程序來達到省時省成本的效益,且可擴大應用到其他金屬微電鍍,如錫、鎳等金屬。其次,本發明在定電壓之電鍍環境條件下分析電流密度值,相較於習知定電流方式 其電壓會受添加劑含量改變而浮動變異大、不易快速監測之缺點,本發明顯然穩定性更佳。 Through the analysis of the above various additives, it can be proved that the rapid quantitative method for monitoring the content of the micro-electroplating monitoring additive of the electronic component provided by the invention can be monitored by the calibration curve under the condition of plating environment of constant voltage. Quickly measure the change of additive concentration, judge the degree of additive consumption, and quickly supplement the insufficient addition amount, which can simplify the old complicated and complicated analysis program to save time and cost, and can be extended to other metal micro Electroplating, such as tin, nickel and other metals. Secondly, the present invention analyzes the current density value under a plating environment of a constant voltage, compared to the conventional constant current mode. The voltage is subject to the change of the additive content, and the floating variation is large, which is difficult to be quickly monitored. The invention obviously has better stability.
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