TW201642972A - Cast molding method and devices thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A cast molding method accomplishes the cast molding by a smelting chamber, a casting chamber, a hinge press system and a vacuum system. First, a metallic die is assembled in the casting chamber and then a metallic material is put in the smelting chamber. Next, the metallic material is heated up in a vacuum state and a pre-heat is carried out in the casting chamber at a same time. After the metallic material in the smelting chamber has been melted down and the casting chamber has been vacuumized, the melted metallic material is filled into the metallic die, and then the hinge press system is turned on to cast mold the metallic die to result in a semi-solid product. After the semi-solid product has been cooled down, the product of cast molding is accomplished according to the present invention.

Description

Casting and forging forming method and device thereof

The invention relates to a casting and forging forming method and a device thereof, in particular to a casting and forging forming method which combines a metal casting method and a forging method, realizes metal forming at one time, greatly shortens the molding process, and reduces the production cost. And its equipment.

Traditional small metal fittings can be produced by precision casting or precision die forging, such as sports equipment (golf head, blow surface), shell structure (electronic parts casing, case), small hardware parts, auto parts, etc. Wherein, the precision casting first prepares a mold, which is provided with a cavity having a predetermined finished product specification; then, a wax liquid is injected into the cavity of the mold to form a wax mold; and the wax mold is taken out from the mold cavity The wax mold is further dipped into a polymer mortar shell mold; then, heating is performed to melt the wax mold out of the ceramic shell outer mold; and the molten metal liquid is injected into the ceramic shell outer mold to form an initial embryo. . Finally, the initial embryo is processed through several surface processes to obtain a finished product of predetermined specifications.

Among them, the precision casting has a long manufacturing cycle and complicated process, and the cast metal surface will produce a loose and thick product (α-Ti), which has poor mechanical strength, and the shell mold can not be reused for one-time use. .

In addition, the precision die forging method firstly selects a metal block made of carbon steel or alloy steel for forging, and then the metal block is subjected to several forging treatments of several forging dies. In the forging process, since the die holes of each forging die are sequentially formed into a series of shapes, the shape profile of the metal block can be gradually forged into a corresponding shape. The embryo of the shape. Finally, the initial embryo is processed through several surface processes to obtain a finished product of predetermined specifications.

Although the forged type of finished product has the advantages of uniformity and high structural strength, since the forging process uses too many forging dies, it is easy to cause mold opening and manufacturing cost, is not suitable for mass production, is not easy to manufacture complex shapes, and is easy to manufacture. Defects such as pressure deformation and frequent replacement.

In order to solve the problem, the present invention provides a technical means capable of combining a metal casting method and a forging method to realize metal forming at one time, greatly simplifying the molding process, and reducing the production cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the casting and forging forming method of the present invention performs at least a casting process by a melting chamber, a casting chamber, a pressing system and a vacuum system; wherein a metal mold is first assembled into the casting chamber, And then placing a metal material in the melting chamber and heating under vacuum, wherein the casting chamber is simultaneously preheated, and when the metal material in the melting chamber is molten, the casting chamber is evacuated. Thereafter, the molten metal material is filled into the metal mold, and the pressing system is started to forge the metal mold, and the semi-solid finished product is completed. After cooling, the finished product of the casting and forging of the present invention is completed.

According to the above technical features, a gas supply system is further provided to provide anaerobic gas into the crucible.

According to the above technical features, the system within the vacuum chamber of a vacuum melting crucible, which was based the degree of vacuum ^{0.3 × 10 -1 Pa ~ 1.0 ×} 10 -1 Pa.

According to the above technical feature, the anaerobic system provided by the gas supply system is argon or nitrogen.

According to the above technical feature, the vacuum system is provided with at least one vacuum pump.

According to the above technical feature, the vacuum system is provided with first and second vacuum pumps; wherein the first vacuum pump is a mechanical pump, and a low vacuum can be formed in the melting chamber and the casting chamber, and the second vacuum pump is a Lu The pump creates a high vacuum for the melting chamber and the casting chamber.

According to the above technical feature, the metal material is titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a casting and forging forming apparatus, comprising at least: a melting chamber, a casting chamber, a pressing system and a vacuum system, wherein the melting chamber is provided with a furnace cover, a crucible and a first a heating unit, the first heating unit is configured to heat the crucible, the furnace cover is disposed above the melting chamber; the casting chamber is disposed on one side of the melting chamber, and the casting chamber is provided with an accommodation space Providing a metal mold, and a conduit is connected to the crucible and the accommodating space; the pressing system is disposed on one side of the casting chamber, and is provided with a control unit, a second pipeline, a power unit and a top die a rod, the second pipeline is respectively connected to the control unit and the power unit, and the top pressure mold rod is connected to the power unit, and the power unit provides the power for displacement of the pressing mold rod toward the accommodating space; And the vacuum system respectively evacuates the melting chamber and the casting chamber, and the vacuum system is provided with at least one vacuum pump.

According to the above technical feature, the forging device is further provided with a gas supply system, which is disposed on one side of the melting chamber, and is provided with a storage tub and a first pipeline, the first pipeline is connected to the storage tub and the smelting a chamber for providing anaerobic gas into the crucible.

According to the above technical feature, the vacuum system is provided with first and second vacuum pumps, wherein the first vacuum pump is a mechanical pump, and a low vacuum can be formed in the melting chamber and the casting chamber, and the second vacuum pump is a Rogowski pump. A high vacuum can be formed in the melting chamber and the casting chamber.

According to the above technical feature, the power unit is hydraulically pressurized Cylinder.

According to the above technical feature, the casting chamber is further provided with a second heating unit.

According to the above technical feature, the first heating unit is a heating coil, and the first heating unit is disposed outside the crucible, and the second heating unit is a heating coil or a thermal resistor.

1‧‧‧smelting chamber

11‧‧‧Cover

12‧‧‧ Shabu Shabu

13‧‧‧First heating unit

2‧‧‧ casting room

21‧‧‧ accommodating space

22‧‧‧ catheter

3‧‧‧Gas supply system

31‧‧‧ storage bucket

32‧‧‧First line

4‧‧‧Pushing system

41‧‧‧Control unit

42‧‧‧Second line

43‧‧‧Power unit

44‧‧‧Top pressure die

5‧‧‧vacuum system

51‧‧‧First vacuum pump

52‧‧‧Second vacuum pump

6‧‧‧Metal mold

71‧‧‧ Columnar crystal structure

72‧‧‧Loose product

73‧‧‧ equiaxed crystal structure

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a casting and forging forming apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the flow steps of the casting and forging forming method of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the metallographic structure of the cast-forged finished product of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows the metallographic structure of Xicheng Precision Casting.

Please refer to Fig. 1 for a schematic structural view of the casting and forging forming apparatus of the present invention. First, the casting and forging forming method of the present invention performs casting and forging by a casting and forging forming apparatus; wherein the casting and forging forming apparatus comprises at least: a melting chamber 1, a casting chamber 2, a gas supply system 3, and a top The pressure system 4 and the vacuum system 5; the melting chamber 1 is provided with a furnace cover 11, a crucible 12 and a first heating unit 13, wherein the first heating unit 13 heats the crucible 12, and the furnace cover 11 is provided The crucible 12 can be closed above the melting chamber 1 , and the first heating unit 13 can be a heating coil, and the first heating unit 13 is disposed outside the crucible 12 .

The casting chamber 2 is disposed on the side of the melting chamber 1 . In the embodiment shown in the figure, the casting chamber 2 is located below the melting chamber 1 , and the casting chamber 2 is provided with an accommodating space 21 for accommodating The metal mold 6 has a conduit 22 connected to the crucible 12 and the accommodating space 21. The casting chamber 2 is further provided with a second heating unit (Fig. The casting chamber 2 can be heated, and the second heating unit can be a heating coil or a thermal resistor.

The gas supply system 3 is disposed on the side of the melting chamber 1 and is provided with a storage tank 31 and a first pipeline 32. The first pipeline 32 communicates with the storage tub 31 and the melting chamber 1 to provide an annoyance. Oxygen gas is introduced into the crucible 12, which is argon or nitrogen.

The pressing system 4 is disposed on the side of the casting chamber 2, and is provided with a control unit 41, a second conduit 42, a power unit 43, and a top pressing die 44. The second conduit 42 and the control unit 41 are respectively The power unit 43 is connected to the power unit 43 , and the power unit 43 is connected to the power unit 43 . The power unit 43 provides the power of the pressing mold 44 to be displaced toward the accommodating space 21 . 4 may be a hydraulic system, and the power unit 43 is a hydraulic pressure cylinder, and in the embodiment shown in the figure, the pressing mold 44 is located below the accommodating space 21; of course, the top The die bar can also be located beside the accommodating space.

The vacuum system 5 vacuums the melting chamber 1 and the casting chamber 2, respectively, and the vacuum system 5 is provided with at least one vacuum pump. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the vacuum system 5 is provided with a first The second vacuum pump 51, 52 is a mechanical pump, which can form a low vacuum to the melting chamber 1 and the casting chamber 2. The second vacuum pump 52 is a Rouer pump, and the melting chamber 1 and the casting can be performed. The chamber 2 forms a high vacuum; wherein the first and second vacuum pumps 51 and 52 are used in series with each other to obtain a system having a large displacement and a high degree of vacuum.

Referring to FIG. 2, the casting and forging method of the present invention comprises at least the following steps: providing a metal mold 6 and assembling the metal mold 6 into the accommodating space 21 of the casting chamber 2.

A crucible 12 is provided, and the crucible 12 is assembled to the melting chamber 1 and filled with a metal material (not shown) in the crucible 12, and the furnace cover 11 is covered above the melting chamber 1 The crucible 12 is closed, and the crucible 12 is evacuated by the vacuum system 5 to have a vacuum of 0.3×10 ^-1 Pa to 1.0×10 ^-1 Pa. The present invention utilizes at least one vacuum pump (for example, The mechanical pump and the Rouer pump can be matched by the vacuum pumping capacity of different vacuum pumps to achieve high vacuum or low vacuum; and the metal material filled in the crucible can be titanium or titanium alloy (for example, 64 titanium) ), aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

The metal mold 6 is heated by a second heating unit to have a temperature of 40 ° C to 500 ° C.

When the degree of vacuum in the crucible reaches ^{0.3 × 10 -1 Pa ~ 1.0 ×} 10 -1 Pa, 5 stop the vacuum system of the crucible 12 was evacuated.

An anaerobic gas is supplied to the crucible 12 by the gas supply system 3; at this time, the crucible 12 is filled in the crucible 12 after the vacuum degree reaches 0.3×10 ^-1 Pa to 1.0×10 ^-1 Pa. The anaerobic gas (which may be argon or nitrogen) forms an oxygen-free environment in the crucible, and prevents oxidation of the metal material contained in the crucible 12 during the subsequent heating step.

The crucible 12 is heated by the first heating unit 13, and the heating temperature reaches the melting point of the metal material to melt the metal material. For example, if the metal material placed in the crucible is titanium alloy, the heating temperature must be 1600 ° C to 1800 ° C to completely melt the metal material.

The metal mold 6 of the casting chamber is evacuated by the vacuum system 5, and the degree of vacuum is 0.3 × 10 ^-1 Pa to 1.0 × 10 ^-1 Pa, which allows the metal mold 6 to form an oxygen-free environment.

The molten metal material in the crucible 12 is filled into the metal mold 6 via the conduit 22. At this time, the molten metal material has a higher temperature (if the temperature of the titanium alloy is about 1600 ° C to 1800 ° C), and after filling the metal mold 6, The metal mold 6 has a temperature of 40 ° C to 500 ° C and has a cooling effect to form a semi-solid metal material to complete the casting process.

Thereafter, the pressing system 4 is restarted to forge the metal mold 6, and the power unit 43 is controlled by the control unit 41 to displace the pressing mold 44 toward the metal mold 6 and provide pressure to complete the semi-solid state. Finished product. The control unit 41 can control the setting and adjustment of the pressure and time applied by the power unit 43.

After cooling, the finished product is completed. The product sports equipment (golf head, striking surface), shell structure (electronic parts casing, case), small hardware parts, automobile parts, etc., to which the present invention is applied, and the forming method and apparatus by the present invention It not only provides an oxygen-free environment when melting and cooling metal materials in the casting process, but also provides an oxygen-free environment in the forging type, ensuring that metal materials do not form oxidation during casting and forging, and the finished product is not easily oxidized. The formation of loose products can improve the mechanical strength and elongation of the finished product.

Please refer to FIG. 3 for a schematic diagram of the metallographic structure of the cast-forged finished product of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the metallographic structure of the conventional precision-cast finished product. In the cast-forged product of the present invention, the composite structure formed by the equiaxed columnar crystal structure 71 and the equiaxed crystal structure 73 is a product of the equiaxed crystal structure 73 compared to the conventional precision casting product ( The distribution area of α-Ti) 72 is relatively thick; the tensile strength, the drop strength and the elongation of the cast-forged product of the present invention and the conventional precision-cast product are tested separately, and the test results are shown in the following table:

It can be seen from the test results of Table 1 that the cast-forged product of the present invention has improved tensile strength, lodging strength and elongation compared to the conventional precision casting products.

Although the present invention has been disclosed above by way of example, it is not intended to limit the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the scope of the claims, and the scope of the invention is intended to be limited by the scope of the invention.

1‧‧‧smelting chamber

11‧‧‧Cover

12‧‧‧ Shabu Shabu

13‧‧‧First heating unit

2‧‧‧ casting room

21‧‧‧ accommodating space

22‧‧‧ catheter

3‧‧‧Gas supply system

31‧‧‧ storage bucket

32‧‧‧First line

4‧‧‧Pushing system

41‧‧‧Control unit

42‧‧‧Second line

43‧‧‧Power unit

44‧‧‧Top pressure die

5‧‧‧vacuum system

51‧‧‧First vacuum pump

52‧‧‧Second vacuum pump

6‧‧‧Metal mold

Claims (22)

A casting and forging forming method, wherein the casting and forging forming is performed by at least a melting chamber, a casting chamber, a pressing system and a vacuum system, wherein the casting and forging forming method comprises at least the following steps: providing a metal mold and the metal a mold is assembled to the casting chamber; a crucible is provided, and the crucible is assembled to the melting chamber, and a metal material is filled in the crucible, and the crucible is evacuated by the vacuum system; a metal mold having a temperature of 40 ° C to 500 ° C; stopping the vacuum system to evacuate the crucible; heating the crucible, heating the temperature to reach a melting point of the metal material, to melt the metal material; using the vacuum The system vacuums the metal mold of the casting chamber; filling the molten metal material in the crucible into the metal mold; starting the pressing system to forge the metal mold, completing the semi-solid product; and after cooling Finish the finished product. The casting and forging forming method according to claim 1, wherein a gas supply system is further provided to provide an anaerobic gas into the crucible. The casting and forging method according to claim 2, wherein the gas supply system provides an anaerobic system of argon or nitrogen. The casting and forging forming method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum system evacuates the crucible, and the degree of vacuum is 0.3×10 ^-1 Pa to 1.0×10 ^-1 Pa. The casting and forging forming method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum system vacuums the metal mold to have a vacuum of 0.3 × 10 ^-1 Pa to 1.0 × 10 ^-1 Pa. The casting and forging method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the vacuum system is provided with at least one vacuum pump. The casting and forging forming method according to claim 6, wherein the vacuum system is provided with first and second vacuum pumps. The casting and forging forming method according to Item 7, wherein the first vacuum pump is a mechanical pump, and a low vacuum can be formed in the melting chamber and the casting chamber. The casting and forging forming method according to claim 7, wherein the second vacuum pump is a Rogowski pump, and a high vacuum can be formed in the melting chamber and the casting chamber. The casting and forging forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the metal material is titanium, a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy or a stainless steel. The casting and forging forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the metal material is a titanium alloy, and the crucible is heated to a temperature of 1600 ° C to 1800 ° C. A casting and forging forming apparatus, comprising: at least a melting chamber, a furnace cover, a crucible and a first heating unit, wherein the first heating unit heats the crucible, and the furnace cover is configured to cover a casting chamber is disposed on one side of the melting chamber, the casting chamber is provided with an accommodating space for accommodating the metal mold, and a conduit is connected to the crucible and the accommodating space; a pressing system Is disposed on a side of the casting chamber, and is provided with a control unit, a second pipeline, a power unit and a top pressing die rod, wherein the second pipeline is respectively connected with the control unit and the power unit, and the top pressing die a rod is connected to the power unit, the power unit provides power for the displacement of the pressing mold rod toward the accommodating space; and a vacuum system that respectively evacuates the melting chamber and the casting chamber, and the vacuum system is provided There is at least one vacuum pump. The casting and forging forming apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a gas supply system disposed on one side of the melting chamber, and provided with a storage tub and a first pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is connected to the storage tub And the melting chamber is configured to provide anaerobic gas into the crucible. The casting and forging apparatus of claim 12, wherein the vacuum system is provided First and second vacuum pumps. The casting and forging apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first vacuum pump is a mechanical pump, and a low vacuum can be formed in the melting chamber and the casting chamber. The casting and forging apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the second vacuum pump is a Rogowski pump, and a high vacuum can be formed in the melting chamber and the casting chamber. The casting and forging apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the pressing system is an oil pressure system. The casting and forging forming apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the power unit is a hydraulic pressurizing cylinder. The casting and forging apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the casting chamber is further provided with a second heating unit. The casting and forging apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the second heating unit is a heating coil or a thermal resistor. The casting and forging forming apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the first heating unit is a heating coil, and the first heating unit is disposed outside the crucible. The casting and forging forming apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the pressing die is located below the accommodating space; or the pressing ram is located beside the accommodating space.