TW201629858A - Method, device and program product for determining order quantity - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to seek stabilization of dispatching, to reduce overstock and to level ordered quantity. A device for determining order quantity divides a usage amount of an objective product during a reference period by a dispatching number of the objective product during the reference period, to calculate a leveled ordered quantity. The device for determining order quantity decides the leveled ordered quantity as the ordered quantity of the objective product, when a predicted stocking number of the objective product after a dispatching period which is from ordering of the objective product to delivering, is equal to or larger than a stocking lower limit value which is a lower limit of stocking and equal to or less than a stocking upper limit value which is an upper limit of stocking.

Description

Order number determination method, order number determining device, and order number determining program product

The present invention relates to a technique for leveling the order quantity of a product or a part or the like constituting the product.

As a method of inventory management, there has been a quantitative ordering method and a regular ordering method. In the quantitative ordering method, when the stock has reached a certain amount, a certain amount of order is made. In the regular ordering method, the order is predicted to be the required amount for each fixed period.

In Patent Document 1, it is disclosed that the articles are classified into those having a larger demand and the smaller ones, and those having a larger demand are set to the lower required amount calculated by MRP (Materials Requirements Planning). The number is set, and for those with less demand, the order is made by the quantitative ordering method.

In Patent Document 2, it is disclosed that the lower limit and the lower limit are set in the lower order amount, and the lower order amount is corrected when the lower order amount is lower than the lower limit and higher than the upper limit.

[Previous Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-29368

Patent Document 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 08-96033

In the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the point at which the load of the manufacturer is stabilized is not considered, and the order amount is changed. Therefore, the load of the manufacturer changes, and as a result, the delivery rate compliance rate is lowered. In addition, the manufacturer's work is wasteful, and there is an increase in cost.

The object of the present invention is to achieve both stabilization of scheduling and suppression of excess inventory, and leveling the order quantity.

The order number determining method of the present invention includes: a leveling number calculating step of calculating the number of leveling orders by dividing the number of uses of the target item in the reference period by the number of times of scheduling of the target item in the reference period; The lower limit inventory amount belonging to the lower limit value of the inventory of the target product and the upper limit inventory amount belonging to the upper limit value; and the order number determining step, after the scheduling period from the preparation of the target product to the delivery date When the predicted stock number of the target product is equal to or greater than the lower limit stock stored in the stock memory step and is equal to or lower than the upper limit stock, the number of leveled orders calculated in the above-described leveling number calculation step is determined as the order number of the target product.

In the present invention, the upper limit and the lower limit are set before the stock, and when the predicted stock amount after the dispatch period is between the lower limit and the upper limit, the fixed order number is set. Therefore, the order quantity is leveled, and the load of the manufacturer is stabilized. In addition, as long as the lower limit and upper limit are properly set, it is also possible to prevent insufficient stock or excess stock.

1‧‧‧Order number determination system

10‧‧‧Basic system

11‧‧‧Use the Performance Memory Department

12‧‧‧Product Planning Memory

13‧‧‧Sales Planning Memory

14‧‧‧BOM Memory Department

15‧‧‧Scheduling cycle memory

16‧‧‧MRP

20‧‧‧Order number determining device

21‧‧‧Object Selection Department

22‧‧‧Extraction Mode Decision Department

23‧‧‧ Leveling Calculation Department

24‧‧‧Stock Determination Department

25‧‧‧Order number determination department

26‧‧‧ memory device

31‧‧‧ dotted line

32‧‧‧ arrow

33‧‧‧ thick line

34‧‧‧ line

35‧‧‧ triangle

261‧‧‧ Object Storage Department

262‧‧‧Memorial Department of Memory

263‧‧‧Stock Memory Department

901‧‧‧ arithmetic device

902‧‧‧External memory device

903‧‧‧Main memory device

904‧‧‧Communication device

905‧‧‧Input and output device

X, Y‧‧‧ Poor

Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of the order number determining system 1 of the first embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the leveling processing of the first embodiment.

Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the lower limit inventory number and the upper limit inventory number.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing the processing under the first embodiment.

Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the order number of the object.

Fig. 6 is a view showing an example of the hardware configuration of the order number determining device 20 shown in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 1)

Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of the order number determining system 1 of the first embodiment.

The order number determination system 1 includes a base system 10 and an order number determining device 20. The base system 10 and the order number determining device 20 are connected via a network.

The base system 10 is a system for managing the manufacture, sale, and the like of products. The order number determining device 20 is a device for determining the order of the product and the parts constituting the product, etc., to the manufacturer.

The base system 10 includes a use performance storage unit 11, a production plan storage unit 12, a sales plan storage unit 13, a BOM storage unit 14, a schedule memory unit 15, and an MRP 16.

The use performance memory unit 11 is a memory device that stores the past performance of the article. The production plan memory unit 12 is a memory device that stores a production plan. The sales plan storage unit 13 is a memory device that stores a sales plan. The BOM memory unit 14 is a memory device that stores item information such as articles and components constituting the product. The scheduling period memory unit 15 is a memory device that stores a scheduling period for each item. The MRP16 is based on a production plan, calculating the demand for parts, etc., and calculating the predicted stock amount from the production plan and the sales plan.

The order number determining device 20 includes a target product selection unit 21, an extraction pattern determination unit 22, a leveling calculation unit 23, an inventory determination unit 24, a order number determination unit 25, and a memory device 26. The memory device 26 includes a target product storage unit 261, a target period storage unit 262, and an inventory storage unit 263.

The respective units included in the order number determining device 20 will be described together with the processing of the order number determining device 20. The processing of the order number determining means 20 is divided into a leveling process and a ordering process. Each processing of the order number determining means 20 corresponds to each step of the order number determining method.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the leveling processing of the first embodiment.

The leveling processing is performed, for example, every year, every period, every month, and the like, and is performed every period of a long period. In addition, according to the user's instructions, in any Time point execution.

(S11: object selection processing)

The object selection unit 21 selects an object to be leveled in the number of orders among the plurality of items. The object selection unit 21 stores the identification information of the selected object in the object storage unit 261.

The target product selection unit 21 selects an article having a large amount of demand and a small amount of use per year as an object of the article based on the use performance of each article stored in the performance storage unit 11 . For example, the target product selection unit 21 selects an article whose average of the number of use for one year is equal to or greater than a predetermined first threshold value, and that the variation of the number of use per year is equal to or less than a predetermined second threshold value.

The reason why the demand for more people is the target is because the order quantity of the items with more demand, rather than the items with less demand, is leveled because the stability of the load on the manufacturer is extremely high. The reason is affected. The reason why the change in the actual performance is smaller is the condition of the target product. When the change is large, if the order quantity is to be leveled, it is necessary to have a large amount of stock, which may be inappropriate.

(S12: Extraction mode decision processing)

The extraction mode determination unit 22 determines the extraction mode of the data whose fluctuation in the number of use per year is small for each target product. The extraction mode determining unit 22 stores the determined extraction mode in the target period storage unit 262.

For example, the extraction mode determining unit 22 will extract the data from January to The number of uses for the 12 months from December, the number of uses for the 12 months from April to March, and the number of uses for the 12 months from September to August , set as the extraction mode of the data. Further, the extraction mode determining unit 22 selects the extraction mode in which the fluctuation in the number of uses per year is the smallest among the set extraction modes.

The extraction mode determining unit 22 calculates the fluctuation index for the set extraction mode and selects the extraction mode in which the variation index is the smallest by the formula 1, thereby selecting the extraction mode in which the fluctuation in the number of use per year is the smallest.

(Formula 1) Variation index = √((σ n1) ² +(σ n2) ² +(σ n3) ² + ̇ ̇ ̇+(σ nm) ² /m

The standard deviation of the number of uses in the year before the year from the year of n. In other words, the average value of the standard deviations of the plurality of annual shares is the change index. According to the additive addition of the formula, Equation 1 holds.

(S13: Leveling calculation calculation)

The leveling number calculation unit 23 calculates the number of leveling orders for each object. The leveling number calculation unit 23 stores the calculated leveling order number in the scheduling period storage unit 15.

The leveling calculation unit 23 extracts the data of the number of uses of the past m-years of the target product from the use history storage unit 11 in accordance with the extraction mode of the target product determined in S12. The leveling number calculation unit 23 calculates the average of the number of uses for one year from the extracted data. Further, the leveling number calculation unit 23 calculates the number of leveling orders by dividing the calculated average by the number of times of scheduling for one year.

In other words, the number of leveling orders is expressed by Equation 2.

(Equation 2) Average number of orders = 1 year of usage / 1 year of dispatch times

Here, by referring to the scheduling cycle storage unit 15, it is possible to specifically specify how many times the scheduling is performed in one year.

(S14: Inventory decision processing, inventory memory processing)

The inventory determination unit 24 calculates the lower limit inventory number and the upper limit inventory number for each object. The stock determination unit 24 stores the calculated lower limit inventory number and upper limit inventory number in the inventory storage unit 263.

For example, the stock determination unit 24 calculates the lower limit inventory number and the upper limit inventory number by Equation 3.

(Formula 3) Base stock number = leveling order number / 2+ safety factor × √ (scheduling period) × standard deviation lower limit stock number = leveling order number / 2+ lower limit safety factor × √ (scheduling period) × standard deviation upper limit Inventory = leveling order number / 2+ upper limit safety factor × √ (during period) × standard deviation

Here, "safety factor × √ (scheduling period) × standard deviation" is generally referred to as safety stock. The period during which the scheduling period is set from the object to the delivery is expressed as a multiple of the unit period. For example, when it takes 15 days from the time when the object is placed until the delivery, if the unit period is one day, the scheduling period is expressed as 15 and the unit period is one month, and the scheduling period is expressed as 0.5. Standard The quasi-deviation is the standard deviation of the number of uses of the object during the unit period. In addition, the safety factor is a safety rate that does not cause a shortage of stocks, and a value converted from a regular distribution table.

Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the lower limit inventory number and the upper limit inventory number.

In Fig. 3, the vertical axis represents the number of stocks, and the horizontal axis represents the time. Further, in the third diagram, the thick line 33 indicates the stock number at each time.

The base stock is the sum of the number of orders/2 and the safety stock. Therefore, when the dotted line 31 is drawn at a position where the number indicated by the symbol A is equal to the number indicated by the symbol B, the arrow 32 indicates the reference stock number.

The "lower safety factor × √ (scheduling period) × standard deviation" is called the lower limit safety stock, and the "upper safety factor × √ (scheduling period) × standard deviation" is called the upper limit safety stock. The lower limit safety factor is a smaller value than the safety factor, and the upper limit safety factor is a value larger than the safety factor. Therefore, the lower limit safety stock is less than the safe stock, and the upper limit safety stock is more than the safe stock. Furthermore, the lower limit inventory is less than the baseline inventory, and the upper inventory is more than the baseline inventory.

In addition, here, when calculating the reference stock quantity, the lower limit stock quantity, and the upper limit stock quantity, the leveling order number/2 is used, that is, 50% of the number of ordering orders is used as the reference ratio of the leveling order number. However, as a reference ratio for the number of ordering orders, other ratios of the number of ordering orders may be used instead of the number of leveling orders/2. For example, it is also possible to use a triangle 35 (a hatched portion) formed by a thick line 33 indicating the stock number and a line 34 indicating the safety stock in FIG. 3 to divide it into 2 on the horizontal axis. Time, triangle The area of the shape 31 is a ratio shown by a parallel line of 1/2.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing the display order processing of the first embodiment.

The order processing is performed, for example, monthly, weekly, daily, etc., in accordance with a certain period of time. In addition, it is executed at an arbitrary time point according to the user's instruction.

The order processing is performed by sequentially processing each item as a processing target.

(S21: object determination processing)

The order number determining unit 25 refers to the target product storage unit 261, and determines whether or not the object to be processed is the target product to be leveled, or the inventory supplement that is not the target product.

When it is an object (it is an object in S21), the process advances to S22. On the other hand, if it is an inventory supplement (in S21, it is an inventory supplement), the process proceeds to S25.

(S22: Inventory determination processing)

The order number determining unit 25 determines whether or not the predicted stock amount of the target object to be processed after the scheduling period is equal to or greater than the lower limit inventory number of the target product and equal to or less than the upper limit stock number. The predicted inventory quantity of the object after the scheduling period is calculated by MRP16.

When the predicted stock number is equal to or greater than the lower limit stock number and is equal to or less than the upper limit stock amount (YES in S22), the processing proceeds to S23. On the other hand, when the predicted inventory quantity is not more than the lower limit inventory number and is not the upper limit inventory number (NO in S22), the process proceeds to S24.

(S23: Order number determination processing (1))

The order number determining unit 25 determines the number of leveling orders of the target object to be processed as the order number.

(S24: Order number determination processing (2))

The order number determining unit 25 determines the number of leveling orders of the target object to be processed as the order number.

The order quantity determining unit 25 calculates the lower limit order quantity by adding the lower limit stock quantity minus the predicted stock quantity to the number of the lower limit stock quantity after the predicted stock quantity is less than the lower limit stock quantity, and determines the lower limit order quantity as the target product order. number. Further, when the number of predicted stocks is larger than the upper limit stock, the order number determining unit 25 calculates the upper limit order number by deducting the number of the upper limit stock amount from the predicted stock amount, and deciding the upper limit order number, and determining the upper limit order number. The number of orders as the target product.

(S25: Order number decision processing (3))

The order number determining unit 25 sets the demand amount of the article to be processed in the period until the next order is made as the order number. The demand is calculated by MRP16.

Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the order number of the object.

When the predicted stock quantity is equal to or greater than the lower limit stock quantity and is equal to or less than the upper limit stock quantity (in the time of the reference), the order quantity becomes the number of leveling orders. In other words, only To predict that the inventory count does not fall between the lower limit inventory and the upper inventory, the order quantity becomes fixed.

When the predicted inventory quantity does not reach the lower limit inventory number, the difference X between the predicted inventory quantity and the lower limit inventory quantity will be ordered more than the leveling order quantity. In other words, it is ordered by means of slower production. On the other hand, when the forecasted inventory quantity is more than the upper limit stock quantity, the difference between the predicted stock quantity and the upper limit stock quantity is less than the order quantity ordering. In other words, it is ordered by way of slow production cuts.

As described above, in the order number determining device 20 of the first embodiment, when the number of predicted stocks after the scheduling period is between the lower limit and the upper limit, the number of orders is fixed. Therefore, the order quantity is leveled, and the load of the manufacturer is stabilized.

In addition, when the predicted inventory quantity does not reach the lower limit and more than the upper limit, the slow increase or decrease is equivalent to the difference between the fill and the lower limit or the upper limit. Therefore, the load of the manufacturer does not change greatly.

Since the stock replenishment other than the target product is directly used as the order quantity, the order quantity will change. However, since the number of orders for the target product is stable, even if the order quantity of the stock supplement changes, the load of the manufacturer is somewhat stabilized. In particular, since the article having a large demand is an object, the load of the manufacturer is easily stabilized.

In addition, in the above description, one year is used as the reference period. In addition, the condition that the change in demand per year is smaller is set as the condition of the target product. This is because, for example, when using one month or one season as the reference period, There are many cases in which demand changes are likely to occur due to the influence of the seasons, etc., and there are many cases in which it is impossible to become a target of leveling. However, after considering this effect, the reference period can also be set to 1 month or quarter, or other periods.

Fig. 6 is a view showing an example of the hardware configuration of the order number determining device 20 shown in the first embodiment.

The order number determining device 20 is a computer. The elements of the order number determining means 20 can be realized by a program.

In the hardware configuration of the order number determining device 20, the arithmetic unit 901, the external memory device 902, the main memory device 903, the communication device 904, and the input/output device 905 are connected to a bus.

The arithmetic unit 901 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or the like that executes a program. The external memory device 902 is, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory (Flash Memory), a hard disk drive (Hard Disk Drive) device, or the like. The external memory device 902 is an example of the memory device 26. The main memory device 903 is, for example, a RAM (Random Access Memory) or the like. The communication device 904 is, for example, a communication port or the like. The input/output device 905 is, for example, a mouse, a keyboard, a display device, or the like.

The program is usually stored in the external memory device 902, and is loaded into the main memory device 903, and sequentially read into the arithmetic device 901 to be executed.

The program description is the target selection unit 21, the extraction mode determination unit 22, the leveling calculation unit 23, the inventory determination unit 24, and the order number. The program that functions as the part 25.

Further, an external operating device 902 also stores an operating system (OS), at least a part of which is loaded in the main memory 903, and the arithmetic unit 901 executes the program while executing the OS.

In addition, in the description of the above-described embodiment, the object selection unit 21, the extraction mode determination unit 22, the leveling calculation unit 23, the inventory determination unit 24, and the order number determination unit 25 select, determine, and calculate. Information such as information is stored in the main memory device 903 as a file.

In addition, a computer program product (referred to as a program product) is not limited to a form of appearance, and is a program loaded with a computer readable program.

In addition, the configuration of Fig. 6 is only an example of the hardware configuration of the order number determining device 20. The hardware configuration of the order number determining device 20 is not limited to the configuration described in Fig. 6, and may be other configurations.

Claims (11)

A method for determining the number of orders includes: a leveling calculation step of calculating a number of times of ordering by dividing the number of uses of the object in the reference period by the number of times of scheduling of the object in the reference period; and an inventory memory step for Memorizing the lower limit inventory amount of the lower limit value of the inventory of the target product and the upper limit inventory amount belonging to the upper limit value thereof; and the order number determining step, after the scheduling period from the preparation of the target product to the delivery When the predicted stock number of the target product is equal to or greater than the lower limit stock stored in the stock memory step and is equal to or lower than the upper limit stock, the number of leveled orders calculated in the above-described leveling number calculation step is determined as the order number of the target product. The method for determining the number of orders according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the order number determining step is obtained by subtracting the predicted inventory number from the lower limit inventory number when the predicted inventory number does not reach the lower limit inventory number. The number of lower limit orders obtained by adding the number of the above-mentioned leveled order is determined as the number of orders of the target product, and when the predicted stock quantity is higher than the upper limit stock number, the upper limit stock quantity is subtracted from the predicted stock quantity. The number of upper limit orders obtained by subtracting the obtained number from the above-mentioned leveled order number is determined as the order number of the aforementioned target product. The method for determining the number of orders as described in item 1 of the patent application scope further includes an inventory determining step of adding a reference number of the number of the reference ratios belonging to the aforementioned leveling order number to each unit period. The lower limit safety stock of the standard deviation of the usage amount between the square root and the lower limit safety factor of the aforementioned scheduling period is calculated, and the aforementioned reference number is added to the standard deviation of the usage amount per unit period and the foregoing The upper limit safety stock of the product of the square root of the scheduling period and the upper limit safety factor is used to calculate the upper limit inventory number; the foregoing inventory memory step is to memorize the lower limit inventory number and the upper limit inventory number determined in the foregoing inventory determination step. The method for determining the number of orders according to the first aspect of the patent application includes the object selection step of selecting the number of uses in the reference period to be the first threshold or more for each of the plurality of articles, and each The article in which the variation in the number of uses in the reference period is equal to or less than the second threshold is the target product. The order number determining method according to the fourth aspect of the invention, wherein the order number determining step determines the number of requests required for the next order to be the order number for the items other than the target product. A order number determining unit includes: a leveling number calculating unit that calculates a number of times of ordering by dividing the number of uses of the target item in the reference period by the number of times of the target item in the reference period; and an inventory memory unit for Memorizing the lower limit inventory amount of the lower limit value of the inventory of the target product and the upper limit inventory amount belonging to the upper limit value thereof; and the order number determining unit, after the scheduling period from the preparation of the target product to delivery When the predicted inventory of the target product is equal to or higher than the lower limit inventory memorized by the inventory memory unit, and is below the upper limit inventory, The number of leveling orders calculated by the leveling calculation unit is determined as the number of orders of the target product. The order number determining device according to the sixth aspect of the invention, wherein the order number determining unit obtains the predicted inventory amount from the lower limit inventory number when the predicted inventory number does not reach the lower limit inventory number. The number of lower limit orders obtained by adding the number of the above-mentioned leveled order is determined as the number of orders of the target product, and when the predicted stock quantity is higher than the upper limit stock number, the upper limit stock quantity is subtracted from the predicted stock quantity. The number of upper limit orders obtained by subtracting the obtained number from the above-mentioned leveled order number is determined as the order number of the aforementioned target product. The order number determining device described in claim 6 further includes an inventory determining unit that adds the reference number of the number of the reference ratios belonging to the number of the above-mentioned leveling orders to the usage amount per unit period. The lower standard safety stock of the product of the square root and the lower limit safety factor of the aforementioned scheduling period is calculated, and the aforementioned reference number is added to the standard deviation of the usage amount per unit period and the square root of the aforementioned scheduling period The upper limit safety stock of the product of the upper limit safety factor is used to calculate the upper limit inventory number; the inventory memory unit stores the lower limit inventory number and the upper limit inventory number determined by the inventory determination unit. The order number determining device according to the sixth aspect of the invention, further includes a target product selecting unit that selects the number of uses of the reference period as the first threshold or more for each of the plurality of articles, and each The variation of the number of uses in the aforementioned reference period is less than the second threshold Product, as the aforementioned object. The number-of-orders determining device according to the ninth aspect of the invention, wherein the number-of-orders determining unit determines the number of requests required for the next order to be the number of orders for the items other than the target product. A order number determining program product, which causes a computer to perform the following processing: a leveling number calculation process, which divides the number of uses of the target period in the reference period by the number of times of scheduling of the aforementioned object in the reference period to calculate the number of leveling orders; Memory processing for memorizing the lower limit inventory amount of the lower limit value of the inventory belonging to the object product and the upper limit inventory amount belonging to the upper limit value; and the order number determination processing, scheduling from the preparation of the target product to delivery When the predicted stock amount of the target product after the period is equal to or greater than the lower limit stock stored in the stock memory processing and is equal to or less than the upper limit stock, the number of the leveled order counts calculated in the leveling calculation calculation process is determined as the target product. The number of orders.