TW201622307A - A coreless winding - Google Patents

Abstract

A cylindrical multiphase coreless winding with hexagonal loops (2) is disclosed, preferably comprising two sections for each phase and having a symmetrical layout, said layout being such that a cross section of the winding according to a plane perpendicular to the main axis away from crossing regions of the loops comprises one or more concentric layers of cross-sectional areas (7) containing the loops of different phases, and that a cross section of the winding according to at least a second plane located in a crossing region of loops comprises one or more concentric layers of areas (8) containing a uniform distribution of loops of two phases.

Description

Uncentered winding

This invention relates to the field of centerless windings for electric motors.

Electric motors including centerless windings are known in the art. Uncentered windings are also known as iron-free windings or hollow windings or self-standing windings. One of the main advantages of a centerless winding compared to conventional windings is reduced weight and low inertness, for example to provide a rotor with fast acceleration and response. Another advantage is due to the lack of low inductance of the core, thereby reducing electrical interference such as brushing and increasing wear and increasing the life of the motor.

Various techniques for making centerless windings are known. In general, the goals of a centerless winding include: maximum power density; the maximum value of the magnetic flux collected by the coil or loop of the winding; achieving a high torque or speed for a given size, or similarly, achieving the desired torque or speed. Smaller size. Another important issue is to simplify the manufacturing process of the wires and, in particular, to simplify the winding process of the wires. Another problem is to avoid or at least reduce the intersection between the wires. Wire crossing creates the following defects: high risk of insulation failure; and the need to reduce the number of loops, which reduces the number of loops to leave the necessary space between the conductors and avoid Damage to the wire. However, reducing the number of loops will reduce the effectiveness of the winding, such as the torque delivered by the rotor containing the windings.

Prior art centerless cylindrical windings for electric motors typically have a triangular coil, a hexagonal coil or a diamond coil. An overview of these known embodiments can be found in DE 2931725. A triangular iron-free armature winding originally proposed by Dr. Faulhaber is disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,360,668.

A recent development of an unintentional winding of a diamond-shaped coil is disclosed, for example, in EP 2 642 636.

In fact, there are continuing incentives to improve the performance of the centerless windings for electric motors. In particular, there are strong incentives to provide such electric motors, particularly in the technical fields such as medical equipment, robotics, aerospace industry and aerospace industry, wherein the electric motors have a centerless rotor with small diameters However, it is capable of delivering high torque and/or achieving a relatively high speed. Especially in the field of aeronautics, reducing weight is another challenge. One of the technical problems associated with centerless cylindrical windings, particularly small diameter centerless cylindrical windings, is the arrangement of the wires that make up each individual coil of the winding.

In more detail, the defect of prior art multiphase centerless windings is the asymmetrical layout of the loops of the wires. A conventional process for making a centerless winding is provided, with each phase of the loop being wound one at a time, forming a plurality of concentric layers around the cylinder. The disadvantage of this technique is that each loop must be placed above the previously formed loop. This led to a symmetrical layout Deviations, and deviations from symmetry, will cause the windings to be electrically unbalanced. This drawback of the prior art can be better understood by means of Figs. 20 and 21.

Figure 20 shows a cross-section of a conventional three-phase wave winding according to a plane perpendicular to its major axis and at half the height of the winding. The section is comprised of regions 100, 101, and 102, each of which passes through a loop having a single phase, for example, region 100 contains a phase U loop, region 101 contains a phase V loop, and region 102 contains Phase W circuit. As shown in the figures, regions 100, 101 and 102 have different shapes and sizes. One reason is, for example, that the circuit of phase U is first placed around the cylindrical surface so that the space left is not sufficient for the circuit of the subsequent phase V, which is necessarily on the outer layer (ie, from The larger distance of the shaft passes; then the loop of the third phase W is accommodated in the remaining space. However, as discussed above, this technique results in an undesirable lack of symmetry and electrical imbalance.

Figure 21 shows a typical appearance of a cross section of a conventional asymmetric stack winding.

Another problem with the prior art is that it is difficult to control the position of the electrically conductive wires during coil formation. The wires are typically wound around the pins to obtain the desired cylindrical winding. In conventional triangular windings, there is a relatively long straight portion of the wire between two adjacent pins. This portion of the wire can deviate from the ideal line between the two pins, thereby presenting another source of asymmetry.

The intersection area gives another question. In a multi-phase cylindrical coil, coils with different phases intersect at certain areas, usually in a cylinder About one-third and two-thirds of the height intersect. In the intersection region, for example, a downwardly directed wire of one phase of the system intersects, for example, an upwardly directed wire of another phase. As a result, the wires are densely staggered and more exposed to mechanical stresses that can degrade their insulating layers.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the above prior art and to solve the above problems.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel arrangement for a centerless cylindrical winding of an electric motor having a high power density and the ability to deliver high torque or speed relative to the size (diameter) of the winding. Another object of the invention is to simplify the winding technique and avoid crossover (overlap) between the wires of the various coils of the windings in particular. Another object of the invention is to reduce the asymmetry of the windings to provide better electrical balance.

These purposes are achieved using a centerless winding according to the scope of the attached patent application.

A first embodiment of the invention is a multi-phase, centerless winding having a cylindrical shape characterized by a circuit comprising at least six sides and wound in a wave winding.

In a preferred embodiment, the winding comprises a plurality of segments, each of which includes two segments for connection to each phase, the windings having an electrical angle of 180 for each of the two segments of each phase In contrast, and the angular distance (offset) between the two adjacent segments of the winding connected to the two different phases is 360 / (2n) electrical angle, where n is the number of phases; For example, in a three phase winding, the offset between the phases is 60 electrical degrees, and the two sections of the winding are opposite at 180 electrical degrees. Therefore, the winding can be referred to as a 60° three-phase winding. In a winding having 5 phases, for example, the offset is 36° (el).

All references to angles (degrees) in this description should be understood as electrical angles unless otherwise indicated. In a rotating electrical machine, the mechanical angle θ _m and the corresponding electrical angle θ _el follow the equation θ _m = θ _el /np, where np is the number of magnetic pole pairs. For example, in a motor having a stator, a rotor, and two pairs of poles (four poles), one mechanical rotation of the rotor relative to the stator is equal to two electrical revolutions. The winding according to the invention may have two poles or a greater number of poles, for example four poles or more. The symbol (el) will be used for the signing method of the electrical angle, for example 60° (el) means 60 electrical angle.

Each section is made up of several loops (also known as turns) of wires with conductive material, which may be grouped into coils. A coil is understood to be a group of basic circuits of a wire. For example, a section of the winding (related to one phase) may comprise one or more coils, and each coil consists of several loops of the conductor.

Each loop can be viewed as a number of wire segments with different spatial orientations. These wire segments are briefly referred to as the sides or wires of the loop.

The winding includes an intersection region in which the sides of the loop are connected to two different phases that intersect each other.

According to another preferred feature, the winding has a symmetrical layout relative to the major axis. According to the invention, the symmetrical layout satisfies the following conditions.

First, the cross-section of the winding according to the first plane comprises one or more concentric layers, wherein the first plane is perpendicular to the main axis and intersects the axis away from the intersecting regions, the one or more concentric layers being opposed to each other by the cross-sectional area A symmetric distribution of the major axes is formed, the cross-sectional regions containing loops having different phases, each of the cross-sectional regions containing a loop having only one phase.

Second, the cross-section of the winding according to the second plane comprises one or more concentric layers, wherein the second plane is perpendicular to the main axis and intersects the axis in the intersecting region, the one or more concentric layers being connected by a cross-region Zones are formed, each zone containing a uniform distribution of loops with two phases.

As a result of the above first condition, the different phases exhibit a symmetrical distribution in the cross section of the winding with respect to the axis of the winding, and are angularly spaced by 360°/n. For example, the cross-section of a three-phase winding will show three substantially identical regions spaced at 120° with one region for each phase. Also in the intersection region, the circuits of the phases are evenly distributed according to the second condition above.

Preferably, all of the same time, but not sequentially, are wound to form the symmetrical centerless winding. This is in contrast to the prior art in which coils of different phases are sequentially wound to cause the above disadvantages.

Applicants have discovered that the combination of a wave winding and a circuit having at least six sides has particular advantages in terms of proper positioning of the wire and reduced asymmetry. This combination has not been proposed so far.

A circuit having at least six sides of the wire has the advantage of better control of the position of the wire during the manufacturing process because The wires are wrapped around the pins at a short distance. Thereby, the length of the straight portion of the wire is reduced, which is the source of the deviation from the theoretical shape of the loop.

A circuit having six sides and preferably a hexagon also has the advantage that the circuits have a larger surface than conventional (e.g., diamond) circuits. Therefore, each loop collects a larger amount of magnetic flux. This means that in the rotor according to the invention, for example, each circuit will deliver more torque. Thus, the combination of a hexagonal loop and a wave winding is particularly suitable when high torque is required.

According to a preferred feature, providing two opposite sections of the winding for each phase (60° winding for a three-phase system) has the advantage that the centerline of the winding section has a small angle to the pole. Thereby, the arrangement of the single loop of the wire relative to the magnetic field is more efficient and produces more torque for a given current.

The above symmetrical layout has the additional advantage of a better electrical balance of the phases of the system since all phases are evenly distributed around the axis of the winding. Thus, the correlation distribution of the electromotive force is also symmetrical. One of the advantages of a symmetrical layout is due to low losses, which are of particular importance in high speed applications. Thus, the symmetrical layout is preferably used especially for the application of the stator and/or rotor of a high speed motor.

In a preferred embodiment, the circuit includes two axially extending effective sides that may be parallel or nearly parallel to the axis of the winding, or inclined at an appropriate angle. The axially extending effective sides extend through a central band or region of the cylindrical winding. These effective sides are called valid Wires, because in most cases, these effective sides collect a larger amount of magnetic flux (50% or more of the available flux) and produce most of the output torque. Moreover, depending on the axially extending sides, the circuit includes some shorter connecting legs. For example, the hexagonal circuit will include two active sides and two pairs of upper connecting legs and lower connecting legs.

The preferred shape of the loop is hexagonal. Aspects of the invention are a combination of a hexagonal loop and a symmetrical winding having opposing sections for each phase, as defined above. Applicants have discovered that these feature combinations reduce the loss of magnetic flux and deliver greater torque or higher speed for a given size (diameter) of the winding compared to prior art arrangements.

In embodiments in which the effective side of the loop is arranged parallel or nearly parallel to the shaft, the angle of inclination of the active side relative to the axis of the winding is preferably a small angle, more preferably the angle is no more than 10° (mechanical angle).

Embodiments in which an effective wire having an axial or near axial orientation may be preferred for maximizing the magnetic flux collected by each circuit. The slope of the effective side reduces the amount of magnetic flux collected by each loop and, on the other hand, leaves room for more loop accommodation. Thus, despite the deviation from the theoretically preferred embodiment, the tilt can provide an overall benefit in terms of performance, for example, in terms of the torque delivered by the strength of the current flowing through the rotor vs. in the loop. In addition, the tilting of the effective side of the loop makes the manufacturing process easier.

Another embodiment of the invention is a winding according to the accompanying claim 11. In this other embodiment, the winding comprises a loop having at least six sides, preferably having a hexagonal shape, and the loops having two sections for each phase (60° winding for a three-phase system) And the above features of the symmetric layout.

The above preferred features of the axial or inclined effective side of the circuit are also suitable.

In this embodiment, the loop can be wound with a wave winding or a stacked winding. Stack windings are also referred to as braided windings. Stack windings and wave windings are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature.

In a preferred embodiment, the turns are wound in a stacked winding and have a reduced pitch (also referred to as the opening width) of less than 180 electrical degrees. The spacing is a known feature and can be defined as the angular distance (measured by electrical angle) between the axial sides of the loop or between the positive loops of the coils formed by several loops.

Reducing the spacing between the chain coils provides an important advantage in the manufacturing process because it reduces the intersection and overlap of the single loop. Thereby, the manufacturing method is easier and the risk of damage to the wires is reduced. Short spacing also results in loss of magnetic flux collected by each loop; however, this defect is overcompensated by the above positive effects.

More preferably, the chain loop spacing is comprised between 360/(2.n) and 360/n, wherein the number n of phases is 2 or greater. Even better In the three-phase embodiment (n=3), the pitch is about 100° (el), for example between 90° (el) and 110° (el).

In all embodiments of the invention, the three phases may be connected in a star (Y-shaped) or triangular pattern. Moreover, in all embodiments, the loop can have more than six sides, such as eight sides.

The winding of the present invention can be used in both the rotor and the stator of an electric motor. It is preferred to use a stator for a brushless motor.

The features and advantages of the present invention are set forth by way of the description of the preferred embodiments.

A ₁ ‧‧‧terminal

A ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

B ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

B ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

C ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

C ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

D ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

D ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

E ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

E ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

F ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

F ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

H‧‧‧height

N‧‧‧ neutral point

P1‧‧ plane

P2‧‧ plane

U‧‧‧ phase

V‧‧‧ phase

W‧‧‧ phase

X‧‧‧ coordinate system

Y‧‧‧ coordinate system

z‧‧‧Coordinate system/coordinate/spindle/axis

θ _el ‧‧‧electric angle

1‧‧‧Winding

2‧‧‧ circuit

3‧‧‧ side

4‧‧‧ side

5‧‧‧Intersection area

7‧‧‧Area

7' _u ‧‧‧Area

7' _v ‧‧‧Area

7' _w ‧‧‧Area

7 _u ‧‧‧Area

7 _u' ‧‧‧ area

7 _v ‧‧‧Area

7 _v' ‧‧‧Area

7 _w ‧‧‧Area

7 _w' ‧‧‧Area

8‧‧‧Area

8 _uv ‧‧‧Area

8 _uw ‧‧‧ area

8 _vw ‧‧‧Area

10‧‧‧Winding

11‧‧‧ Section

12‧‧‧ coil

13‧‧‧中中回路

20‧‧‧ dotted line

21‧‧‧ dotted line

100‧‧‧ area

101‧‧‧Area

102‧‧‧Area

Figure 1 is a view of a waveform winding in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the winding of Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view showing a variation of the winding of Fig. 1 in which the axial side of the loop of the wire is inclined.

Figure 4 is another illustration of the winding of Figure 1, showing only three loops and also showing two cut planes.

Figures 5 and 6 are cross-sections of the windings of the two planes shown in Figure 4.

Figures 7 and 8 illustrate a typical arrangement of a loop of a wave winding and a loop of a stacked (chain) winding.

Figure 9 is a view of a stacked winding in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a view showing details of a stacked winding according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is a variation of Figure 9, in which the opening pitch of the loop is reduced.

Figures 11 and 12 illustrate, in plan view, the arrangement of the loops of the conductors according to the variant of Figure 10 and the coils of the stacked windings.

Figures 13 and 14 are exemplary cross-sections of stacked windings in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and a plane according to Figure 9.

Figure 15 is a view of a 5-phase winding in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

Figures 16 and 17 are cross-sectional views of the winding of Figure 15.

Figures 18 and 19 show examples of star and delta connections.

Figures 20 and 21 relate to prior art.

The drawings show various embodiments of the invention. In the drawings, the letters U, V, W represent the phases of the three-phase system; the letters A to F represent the terminals to which the windings are connected.

In the drawings, the coordinate systems x , y , z and angular coordinates θ _el (theta) are also used to describe the windings, as shown, for example, in Figure 1. The angular coordinate θ _el expresses an electrical angle. The letter h indicates the height of the winding measured in the axial direction z . As shown, the axis z can be viewed as the major axis of the cylindrical winding.

Fig. 1 shows a two-pole three-phase centerless winding 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Winding 1 is a wave winding consisting of a hexagonal loop of wire. In more detail, the winding 1 is constituted by a hexagonal circuit 2. Every hex The loop 2 comprises: two axially oriented sides 3 which extend in the central strip of the winding 1 and two pairs of connecting legs 4.

The area of side 3 is also referred to as the coaxial portion of winding 1, and the area of leg 4 may be referred to as the non-coaxial portion of the winding.

The letters A ₁ , A ₂ , B ₁ , B ₂ to F ₂ represent the terminals of the windings. Figures 18 and 19 show examples of star connections and delta connections. The symbol N in Fig. 18 indicates the neutralization point.

Since the winding 1 has two poles, in this case, the mechanical angle and the electrical angle coincide. In the following description, in any case, reference to degrees shall mean an electrical angle unless otherwise stated.

Winding 1 may comprise one segment or two segments for each phase. In the first case, each segment extends over 120° (el) and the windings can be referred to as 120° three-phase windings. In the second case, the two sections with each phase are 180[deg.] (el) opposite and extend over 60[deg.] (el); thus, the windings can be referred to as 60[deg.] three-phase windings. This extension of 120° or 60° corresponds to an angular distance (offset) between the two phases. More generally, in a multi-phase winding having n phases, the extension or distance is 360/n or 360/(2n), respectively.

In the 60° embodiment, the three-phase winding 1 requires twelve connections, i.e., two connections per segment, and thus four connections per phase. The two sections have opposite winding directions.

Figure 2 shows the waveform winding 1 in a plan view according to the coordinates θ _el (radian) and z . In Fig. 2, the side 3 of the hexagonal circuit 2 is parallel or substantially parallel to the axis z , while Fig. 3 illustrates another embodiment in which the axially oriented side 3 is inclined by an angle β with respect to the axis z .

According to another preferred feature of the invention, the winding 1 has a symmetrical layout. This feature can be better understood by referring to Figures 4 through 6.

In Fig. 4, in order to facilitate the graphical representation, showing only some of the loops, it can be seen that when, for example, the loops of the two phases of the first phase U and the second phase W cross each other, the winding 1 contains the intersection region 5.

The symmetrical layout satisfies two conditions, which can be defined with reference to the cross section of the winding 1 according to at least two planes P1 and P2. The first plane P1 is perpendicular to the main axis z and intersects the axis z away from the intersection 5, for example in the axially extending side 3 of the circuit 2. The second plane P2 is also perpendicular to the main axis z , but corresponds to the intersection area 5 intersecting the axis z . The dotted line 20 is the intersection between the first plane P1 and the winding 1, and the broken line 21 is the intersection with the second plane P2. As shown in FIG. 4, the intersection line 21 passes through the intersection area 5 of the loop 2.

Preferably, plane P1 is located at half the height of the winding. The location of the intersection area depends on the number of poles and the number of phases. In the two-pole three-phase winding, the intersection region 5 is located at about 1/3 and 2/3 of the height of the winding. Therefore, in such a winding, the above plane P2 is preferably located at 1/3 or 2/3 of the height h .

More generally, a winding having N phases and a number of np poles will exhibit several intersecting regions in the non-coaxial portion.

Cross sections of planes P1 and P2 in the symmetric embodiment of the present invention are presented in Figures 5 and 6, respectively.

In the section according to the plane P1 (Fig. 5), six cross-sectional areas generally indicated by the numeral 7 can be identified. Each zone 7 contains wires that are connected to one phase U or V or W. In the example, regions 7 _U and 7' _U contain a loop of phase U, and similarly, regions 7 _V , 7' _V and 7 _W , 7' _W contain loops of phases V and W. As shown in Fig. 5, the regions 7 are substantially identical, and the regions 7 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis z and are evenly spaced. In comparison, this condition is not satisfied by the prior art windings as shown in Figures 20 and 21.

In the section according to the plane P2 located in the intersection area 5 (Fig. 6), only three areas indicated by the numeral 8 in total can be identified. In more detail, each zone 8 _UV , 8 _UW or 8 _VW contains uniformly distributed wires that are connected to two different phases, namely U and V or U and W or V and W.

The manufacturing tolerances should be taken into account to explain the terms of the same area and symmetric distribution.

It should be noted that for simplicity, Figures 5 and 6 show a layer; several concentric layers of the loop may be provided.

Referring back to Figures 2 and 3, Figure 2 shows an embodiment in which the side 3 is parallel to the axis z. It should be noted that even in the "parallel" embodiment, the slight (negligible) tilt of the side 3 can be caused by the tolerance of the manufacturing process and the winding machine. As shown in Fig. 3, although there is a loss in the magnetic flux collected by each circuit 2, a more significant inclination angle β of the side face 3 may be preferable because the density of the connecting leg portion 4 will increase, and thus will accommodate More loops, and the total output torque for a given current level will increase.

The angle β is preferably no more than 10 mechanical angles.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the multi-phase winding has: the above-described symmetrical layout combined with at least six sides; and the above-described features of the winding covering a 360/2n-degree section (three-phase 60° winding).

In this second embodiment, the loop may have a wave winding or may also have a stack winding. Waveform windings and stacked windings are known to those skilled in the art. Figure 7 shows a typical arrangement of a loop 2 with wave windings, and Figure 8 shows a typical arrangement of a loop 2 with stacked windings. The waveform loop typically rotates around the axis of the winding ( z- axis) as shown in Figure 7.

Referring to Figures 9 through 13, a three-phase chain 60° winding 10 having a hexagonal loop in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention is illustrated.

Figure 9 illustrates the winding 10 in a manner similar to that of Figure 4, and uses the same numbers, and Figure 9 particularly shows some of the loops 2 and the intersections 5 of some of them. Figure 10 shows details of a preferred embodiment in which the distance between the loops is reduced.

Winding 10 includes two sections for each phase U, V, W. The two sections with each phase are 180[deg.] (el) opposite. Each of the segments includes one or more coils, and each coil includes a plurality of single loops of wires. The structure of the winding 10 can be better understood by means of Figures 11 and 12.

Figure 11 illustrates the spatial arrangement of the hexagonal loop 2 of the wire in plan view, showing that only one loop is used per coil. The distance between single circuits p is also shown in the figure.

Fig. 12 illustrates the structure of the winding 10, wherein each segment 11 comprises, for example, two coils 12, and each coil 12 is composed of a plurality of loops 2. The coils of the phases U, V, and W are conventionally represented by symbols A, B, and C in the drawings.

The minus sign used in Figure 12 is used to indicate the opposite direction of the windings of the wires. In fact, each segment 11 can contain a higher number of coils 12.

The two sections 11 of each phase are 180° opposite, as shown by the connection A and A of the phase U in the figure. The figure also exemplifies the angular distance (offset) w between successive phases, which is 60° in this example and more generally 360/(2n) for the n-phase winding; and the coil of the stacked winding The opening p . The distance w is taken between the centers of the coils 12 or the center of the coil set.

The spacing (or opening width) p between the coils 12 can be defined as the distance between the axial sides of the centering circuit 13, as indicated by the dashed line in Figure 12.

According to a preferred feature of the invention, the pitch p is reduced to less than 180 (el), preferably about 100 (el). The advantage of shorter spacing is that the crossover between the loops is correspondingly reduced, as shown in Figure 10.

Figures 13 and 14 illustrate cross sections of the winding 10 as defined above in accordance with planes P1 and P2.

Figure 13 shows a plurality of concentric layers forming the coils of winding 10. The first (innermost) layer contains regions 7 _U , 7 _V , 7 _W , and the second layer contains regions 7′ _U , 7′ _V , 7′ _W , and so on.

Figure 14 illustrates the cross-sectional area 8 of the intersection region 5, namely 8 _UV , 8 _UW and 8 _VW .

Figure 15 shows an example of the invention with a multi-phase, uncentered winding comprising five phases that can be used, for example, in a direct current (DC) motor. When each of the phases contains two opposing coils, in this case the offset is 36° (el).

Fig. 16 shows a section (first layer) of the winding according to Fig. 15 of the plane located in the coaxial region of the side face 3, and Fig. 17 shows a section according to the plane passing through one of the intersecting regions 5. The cross sections show the regions 7, 8 as described above.

A ₁ ‧‧‧terminal

A ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

B ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

B ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

C ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

C ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

D ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

D ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

E ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

E ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

F ₁ ‧‧‧ terminals

F ₂ ‧‧‧ terminals

H‧‧‧height

X‧‧‧ coordinate system

Y‧‧‧ coordinate system

z‧‧‧Coordinate system/coordinate/spindle/axis

θ _el ‧‧‧electric angle

1‧‧‧Winding

2‧‧‧ circuit

3‧‧‧ side

4‧‧‧ side

Claims (24)

A cylindrical multi-phase, uncentered winding, characterized by comprising: a circuit (2) having at least six sides (3, 4) and wound with a wave winding. The winding of claim 1, the winding comprising a plurality of segments (11), each of the plurality of segments (11) comprising two segments for each phase connection, the windings for each The two sections of one phase are opposite at an electrical angle of 180, and the angular distance between the two adjacent sections of the winding connected to two different phases is 360/(2n) electrical angle, where n is the number of phases . The winding of claim 2, wherein each section (11) comprises a plurality of coils (12), and each coil is comprised of a plurality of loops. A winding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which has a symmetrical layout, wherein: - the winding has a major axis and comprises an intersection region (5), wherein the circuits are connected to each other with two different phases Crossing—the cross section of the winding according to at least one first plane (P1) comprising one or more concentric layers, wherein the first plane (P1) is perpendicular to the main axis and intersects the axis away from the axis, the One or more concentric layers are formed by a symmetrical distribution of the cross-sectional area (7) relative to the main axis, the equal-sectional areas (7) containing the circuits having different phases, Each of the equal section regions contains the loops having only one phase, and - one of the cross sections of the windings according to at least one second plane (P2) comprises one or more concentric layers, wherein the second plane (P2 Vertically to the main axis and intersecting the axis in an intersecting region, the one or more concentric layers are formed by interconnected intersecting regions (8), each region having a uniform distribution of loops having two phases. The winding of claim 4, wherein the circuits of each phase are wound simultaneously. The winding of claim 1 wherein each circuit comprises two axially extending effective sides (3). The winding of claim 6, wherein the effective sides are parallel or substantially parallel to one of the major axes of the winding. The winding of claim 7 is inclined with respect to the axis. The winding of claim 8, wherein the effective sides are inclined at a small angle relative to the axis, the small angle preferably being no greater than 10 mechanical degrees. The winding of claim 1 having a hexagonal shape. A cylindrical multi-phase uncentered winding characterized by: The winding includes a plurality of segments (11), each of which includes two segments for each phase connection, the windings for the two segments of each phase 180 electrical angles are opposite, and the angular distance between the two adjacent segments of the winding connected to two different phases is 360 / (2n) electrical angle, where n is the number of phases; each of the segments Include a plurality of loops (2) of the conductors, and the loops have at least six sides; the windings have a major axis and include intersecting regions, wherein the loops connected to two different phases cross each other; and the windings have a symmetrical layout, wherein: - one of the windings according to at least one of the first planes (P1) comprises one or more concentric layers, wherein the first plane (P1) is perpendicular to the main axis and intersects away from the intersecting regions The axis, the one or more concentric layers are formed by a symmetric distribution of the cross-sectional area (7) relative to the major axis, the equal-sectional areas (7) containing the circuits having different phases, each of the cross-sectional areas One contains the circuits with only one phase, and - the basis of the winding One of the second planes includes one or more concentric layers, wherein the second plane is perpendicular to the major axis and intersects the axis in an intersecting region, the one or more concentric layers being connected by intersecting regions (8) Formation, each region contains two phases A uniform distribution of the loop. The winding of claim 11 wherein the circuits of each phase are wound simultaneously. The winding of claim 11 or 12, wherein each segment comprises a plurality of coils, and each coil is comprised of a plurality of loops. The winding of claim 11 wherein each circuit comprises two axially extending effective sides. The winding of claim 14 is parallel or substantially parallel to one of the major axes of the winding. The winding of claim 15 is inclined with respect to the axis. The winding of claim 16, wherein the effective sides are inclined at a small angle relative to the axis, the small angle preferably being no greater than 10 mechanical degrees. The windings of claim 11 have a hexagonal shape. The windings of claim 11 are wound in a wave winding. The windings of claim 11 are wound in a stack of windings. The winding of claim 20, wherein the circuits Has a spacing of less than 180 electrical degrees. The winding of claim 21, the spacing is comprised between 360/(2.n) and 360/n, wherein the number n of phases is 2 or greater. The winding of claim 21, wherein the number n of phases is equal to 3 and the pitch is about 100 electrical degrees. A motor comprising at least one of a rotor and a stator, the at least one of the rotor and the stator having an unintentional winding as claimed in any of the preceding claims.