CN107078579A

CN107078579A - GAP TYPE winding

Info

Publication number: CN107078579A
Application number: CN201480082275.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴维·雷蒙; 卢卡·费拉里奥
Original assignee: Faulhaber Micro Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Faulhaber Micro Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2014-11-17
Filing date: 2014-11-17
Publication date: 2017-08-18
Also published as: TW201622307A; EP3248272A1; WO2016078691A1

Abstract

A kind of cylindrical multiphase centreless winding with hexagonal rings (2) is disclosed, the multiphase centreless winding includes two sections and with symmetric configuration preferably for each phase, and the layout causes：The zone of intersection of the basis of the winding away from the ring and the cross section of the plane vertical with main shaft includes the layer of one or more concentric transverse cross-sectional areas (7), the transverse cross-sectional area (7) includes the out of phase ring, and the cross section of at least second plane of the basis of the winding in the zone of intersection of the ring includes the layer in one or more concentric regions (8), the region (8) includes the ring of equally distributed two phases.

Description

GAP TYPE winding

Technical field

The present invention relates to the centreless winding field for motor.

Background technology

Motor including centreless winding is known in the art.Centreless winding is also known as iron-core-free winding or hollow Winding or free-standing winding.Centreless winding is reduced weight and low inertia, example compared to one of major advantage of traditional winding Such as the quick low inertia accelerated with quick response is provided to rotor.Another advantage is due to low electricity caused by the shortage of magnetic core Sense, so as to reduce the shortcoming of the progressive abrasion of relevant such as electrical Interference and brush, and adds the life-span of motor.

The technology of various manufacture centreless windings is known.All things considered, the target of centreless winding includes：Maximize power Density；Maximize the magnetic flux collected by coil or winding ring；High moment of torsion or speed, or class are realized for given size As, for the smaller size of required moment of torsion or velocity interpolation.The problem of another is important is simplified wire (wire) system Make the winding process of process and particularly wire.Another problem is the intersection for avoiding or at least reducing between wire.Wires cross Caused defect includes：The insulation fault of high risk and the quantity for reducing ring is needed to reserve necessity between the conductors Space and the damage for avoiding wire.However, reducing the performance that number of rings amount will reduce winding, for example, conveyed by the rotor including winding Moment of torsion.

The cylindrical winding of the centreless of motor generally has triangular coils, hexagon coil or lineae trapezoidea in the prior art Circle.The general survey of the known embodiments can be found in DE 2931725.Disclosed in US 3 360 668 earliest by The triangle ironless armature winding that doctor Faulhaber introduces.

Centreless, the earlier technique of free-standing winding are continued to develop, and for example being disclosed in EP 2 642 636 has The newest example of the improved centreless winding of diamond-type coil.

In fact, with lasting motivation with the performance for the centreless winding for being modified to motor.Especially, with strong Motivation with provide with minor diameter but high torque can be conveyed and/or reach quite big speed centreless rotor motor, Especially in the technical field of such as Medical Devices, robotics, Aero-Space and aircraft industry.It is that another is chosen to reduce weight War, especially in aeronautics field.A skill relevant with the cylindrical winding of centreless of centreless cylindrical winding, especially minor diameter Art problem is the arrangement of wire, and the wire constitutes each single coil of winding.

More specifically, the shortcoming of multiphase centreless winding is the asymmetric layout of conductor loop in the prior art.Manufacture centreless around The conventional method of group is provided：The ring of each phase is by turn coiling, so as to be formed around the several same of cylinder per next Central layer.The shortcoming of the technology is that each ring must be necessarily arranged on the ring being previously formed.Which results in deviate symmetric configuration, and deviation Symmetry will cause the unbalanced winding of electric power.This shortcoming of prior art can be by more preferable geographical by means of Figure 20 and Figure 21 Solution.

Figure 20 shows main shaft of the basis perpendicular to winding and the half positioned at winding of traditional three-phase waveform winding The cross section of plane at the position of height.The cross section is made up of region 100, region 101 and region 102, the cross section Ring by each single phase is crosscutting, and such as region 100 includes phase U ring, and region 101 includes phase V ring, and region 102 includes phase W Ring.As shown in FIG., region 100, region 101 and region 102 have different shape and size.One reason is：Example Ring such as U phases is first disposed to surround cylindrical surface, and the ring for subsequent V phases does not leave the space of abundance, the ring of the V phases Need to be transferred on outer layer (i.e. off-axis larger distance)；Then, third phase W ring is contained in remaining space.However, such as Previously discussed, the technology causes undesirable symmetry to lack and electric disequilibrium.

Figure 21 shows the typical outward appearance of the cross section of traditional asymmetric lap winding.

Another problem of prior art is to be difficult to control to the position of electrical lead in stitch forming process.Wire generally encloses Around spicule coiling to obtain desired cylindrical winding.In traditional delta windings, two neighbouring spicules it Between relatively long, the straight conductor part that has.The conductor part can deviate the ideal line between two spicules, therefore Cause another root of asymmetry.

Another problem is given by the zone of intersection.Multiphase cylinder coil in, out of phase coil at some regions, Intersect generally at 1/3rd of the height around cylinder and 2/3rds.In the zone of intersection, a certain phase of system is led Line (such as under pointing to) and the wire (such as on pointing to) of another phase intersect.Therefore, wire is densely exposed to staggeredly and more Mechanical stress, the mechanical stress can deteriorate the insulating barrier of wire.

The content of the invention

It is contemplated that improving above-mentioned prior art and solving the above problems.

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new arrangement of the cylindrical winding of centreless for motor, the wherein centreless There is cylindrical winding high power density and the size (diameter) relative to winding to convey the ability of high torque or speed.This hair It is bright another object is that the winding technique of the intersection (overlapping) between simplifying the wire of each coil for especially avoiding winding.This Invention another object is that the asymmetry of winding is reduced, so that with more preferable electric equilibrium.

According to appended claims, these purposes have been reached using centreless winding.

The present invention first embodiment be the multiphase centreless winding with cylinder form, it is characterised in that including with At least six sides and the ring for turning to waveform winding.

In a preferred embodiment, winding includes multiple sections, and includes two sections with it to connect for each phase Connect, two sections for each phase of winding are relative with 180 electrical angles, winding be connected to two out of phase two it is neighbouring Angular distance (skew) between section is 360/ (2n) electrical angle, and wherein n is the number of phases.

For example, in three-phase windings, the skew between phase is described two sections of 60 electrical angles and winding with 180 electricity Angle is relative.Therefore, winding is referred to alternatively as 60 ° of three-phase windings.For example, in the winding with 5 phases, the skew is 36 ° (el)。

In this manual, unless otherwise stated, all should be understood electrical angle to referring to for angle (degree). In the generator of rotation, mechanical angle θ_mWith corresponding electrical angle θ_elMeet equation θ_m=θ_el/ np, wherein, np is pole pair Number.For example, in the motor with stator, rotor and two pairs of poles (4 pole), rotor is enclosed relative to stator mechanical rotation one Equal to sense of current change twice.Two poles or greater amount of pole, such as 4 poles or more can be had according to the winding of the present invention Multipole.Symbol (el) will act as electrical angle symbol, and such as 60 ° (el) represents 60 electrical angles.

Each section is made up of several rings (also referred to as circle) of the wire of conductive material, and the ring possibly is grouped to form coil. Coil can be understood as the basic ring of one group of wire.For example, a section (belonging to a phase) for winding may include one or more lines Circle, and each coil is made up of several conductor loops.

Each ring can be considered to have the substantial amounts of conducting line segment of different spaces orientation.The conducting line segment is referred to as the side of ring Side or wire.

Winding includes the zone of intersection, and in the zone of intersection, the side for being connected to two out of phase rings is intersected with each other.

According to another preferred feature, the winding has the symmetric configuration relative to main shaft.According to the present invention, this pair Layout is claimed to meet following situations.

First, the cross section according to the first plane of the winding includes one or more concentric layers, and first plane is hung down Straight with the axis to intersect in the main shaft and away from the zone of intersection, one or more of concentric layers pass through relative to described The symmetrical transverse cross-sectional area comprising out of phase ring of main shaft and formed, each transverse cross-sectional area only includes one The ring of phase.

Secondly, the cross section according to the second plane of the winding include one formed by continuous transverse cross-sectional area or Multiple concentric layers, second plane intersects perpendicular to the main shaft and with the axis in the zone of intersection, and each region is comprising equal The ring of two phases of even distribution.

Due to the result of the first above-mentioned situation, the different axis relative to winding are shown as in the cross section of winding It is symmetrical, and into 360 °/n angle interval.For example, the cross section of three-phase windings by show with 120 ° separate it is substantially the same Three regions, each corresponding region.Equally in the zone of intersection, according to above-mentioned second of situation, the ring of phase is equably Distribution.

Preferably, it is all by simultaneously (rather than sequentially) coiling to form the symmetrical centreless winding.This With causing the prior art of disadvantages mentioned above on the contrary, out of phase coil is by sequentially coiling in the prior art.

Applicant have found that：Wire be properly positioned and the asymmetry of reduction in terms of, waveform winding and with least The combination of the ring of six sides is particularly advantageous.The combination is not mentioned also so far.

In the fabrication process, have the advantages that the conductor loop of at least six sides has and better control over lead location, because It is to carry out coiling around the spicule being positioned at shorter distance for wire.Therefore, the length of the straight part of wire is reduced Degree, the straight part of the wire is a root of the theoretical shape for deviateing ring.

Ring with six sides (preferably hexagon) also has the excellent of more large surface than traditional (such as rhombus) ring Point.Therefore, each ring collects greater amount of magnetic flux.This means for example in the rotor according to the present invention, each ring will The bigger moment of torsion of conveying.Therefore, when needing high torque, the combination of hexagonal rings and waveform winding is particularly suitable.

According to preferred feature, winding (60 °-winding for being used for three-phase system) setting for two opposite segments of each phase The fixed small angle having the advantages that between the center line and magnetic pole of winding segments.Therefore, the single ring of wire is relative to magnetic field Arrangement is more effective, and generates bigger moment of torsion for given electric current.

Above-mentioned symmetric configuration has the attendant advantages of the more preferable electric equilibrium of system phase, because all phases surround the axle of winding Line is uniformly distributed.Therefore, the correlation distribution of electromotive force is also symmetrical.The advantage of symmetric configuration shows as low-loss, and it is in height It is especially important in speed application.Therefore it is desirable, especially for stator and/or rotor applied to high-speed motor, symmetric configuration is It is preferred that.

In a preferred embodiment, the ring includes two effective sides axially extended, and effective side can be put down Go in or be approximately parallel to the axis of winding or tilt suitable angle.The effective side axially extended is extended through Center band or region by cylindrical winding.Because in most cases effective more magnetic flux of side collection (50% or more available flux) and most output torque is produced, therefore they are referred to as active wires.On the axle Extend side to ground, ring includes many shorter connection legs, and such as hexagonal rings will include on two effective sides and a pair Portion connects leg and a pair of bottom connection legs.

It is preferred that ring-shaped be hexagon.Defined as above, an aspect of of the present present invention is hexagonal rings and for each Mutually there is the combination of the symmetric winding of opposite segment.Applicant have found that：Compared with the arrangement of prior art, the combination of the feature Reduce the loss of magnetic flux and delivered more moments of torsion or higher speed for the winding of intended size (diameter).

Be disposed parallel to or be approximately parallel in the embodiment of axle in effective side of ring, effective side relative to around The inclination angle of the axis of group is preferably small angle, and more preferably described angle is not more than 10 ° (mechanical angles).

Embodiment with active wires that are being axially directed or approximately axially orienting can be preferably used as maximum Change the magnetic flux collected by each ring.The inclination of effective side reduces the quantity for the magnetic flux collected by each ring, the opposing party Face, it is allowed to for accommodating more polycyclic space.Therefore, although embodiment best on deviation theory, the inclination can be provided In whole benefits of aspect of performance, such as in terms of intensity of the moment of torsion transmitted by rotor to the electric current flowed in ring.In addition, The inclination of effective side of ring causes manufacturing process to be easier.

Another embodiment of the present invention is the winding according to appended claim 11.In the further embodiment In, winding includes the ring of ring, the preferably shape of hexagon with least six sides, and the winding has spy described above Levy：Two sections are used for each phase (60 °-winding for being used for three-phase system) and symmetric configuration.

The feature of axial or inclined effective side of above-mentioned preferred ring is also applicable.

In this embodiment, ring can be by around being made as waveform winding or lap winding.Lap winding is also referred to as imbricate winding.It is folded Winding and waveform winding are known to technical staff and had been described in document.

In a preferred embodiment, circle is by around being made as lap winding, and the pitch of the reduction with less than 180 electrical angles (also referred to as A/F).Pitch is known feature and can be defined to constitute between the axial side of ring or in several rings Angular distance (being measured with electrical angle) between the positive middle ring of coil.

In terms of manufacturing process, reduce imbricate coil pitch give significant advantage because it reduce it is single The intersection of ring and overlapping.Therefore, manufacture method is easier and reduces the risk of harness damage.Short pitch also causes by each ring The loss of the magnetic flux of collection；But this shortcoming by above-mentioned good effect by overcompensation.

It is highly preferred that the pitch of imbricate ring is included in 360/ (2n) between 360/n, the number n of wherein phase be 2 or Bigger number.It is further preferred that in three-phase embodiment (n=3), the pitch is about 100 ° (el), such as at 90 ° (el) between 110 ° (el).

In all of the embodiments of the present invention, three phases can be connected in the way of star (Y-shaped) or " Δ " shape.This Outside, in all embodiments, ring can have the side more than six, such as eight sides.

The winding of the present invention can be used for both rotor and stator of motor.It is preferred that purposes for manufacture brushless motor Stator.

The features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated by means of accompanying drawing, the accompanying drawing is related to preferred and nonrestrictive embodiment party Formula.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the view of the waveform winding according to embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the plan of Fig. 1 winding.

Fig. 3 is the plan of the modification for the winding for showing Fig. 1, and the axial side of wherein conductor loop is inclined.

Fig. 4 is another diagram of Fig. 1 winding, which show only three rings and also show two sections.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the cross sections of the winding according to two planes shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the typical arrangement of the ring of waveform winding and folded (imbricate) winding.

Fig. 9 is the view of the lap winding according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is the detailed view of the modification according to the lap winding of another embodiment of the invention, i.e. Fig. 9, wherein, subtract The opening pitch of ring is lacked.

Figure 11 and Figure 12 shows the conductor loop and the arrangement of coil of the lap winding of the modification according to Figure 10 with plan view.

Figure 13 and Figure 14 be according to the embodiment of the present invention and the lap winding according to the plane shown in Fig. 9 example Property cross section.

Figure 15 is the view of the 5- phase windings according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 16 and Figure 17 are the viewgraph of cross-section of Figure 15 winding.

Figure 18, Figure 19 show the example of Y-connection and the connection of " Δ " shape.

Figure 20, Figure 21 are related to prior art.

Embodiment

Accompanying drawing shows the various embodiments of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings, letter U, V, W represent the phase of three-phase system.Word Female A to F represents the connection terminal of winding.

In the accompanying drawings, coordinate system x, y, z and angular coordinate θ_el(theta) it is also used for describing winding, such as such as institute in Fig. 1 Show.The angular coordinate θ_elExpressed in the way of electrical angle.Alphabetical h represents the height of the winding measured on z in the axial direction.Such as Shown z-axis line can be considered as the main shaft of the winding of cylinder.

Fig. 1 shows the two poles of the earth three-phase centreless winding 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention.

The waveform winding that winding 1 is made up of the conductor loop of hexagon.More specifically, ring 2 structure of the winding 1 by hexagon Into.The ring 2 of each hexagon include two axial orientations side 3 and two pairs of connection legs 4, the side is in the center of winding 1 Take extension.

The region of side 3 is also designated as the coaxial parts of winding 1, while the region of leg 4 can be named as winding Non-coaxial part.

Alphabetical A₁、A₂、B₁、B₂... to F₂Represent the terminal of winding.Y-connection and " Δ " are given in Figure 18 and Figure 19 The example of shape connection.Figure 18 symbol N represents neutral point.

Because winding 1 has two poles, therefore mechanical angle is consistent with electrical angle in the case.In the following description, No matter in any way, unless otherwise stated, will refer to electrical angle to referring to for angle.

Winding 1 can include the section or two sections for each phase.In the first scenario, each section is extended beyond 120 ° (el) and winding can be referred to as 120 ° of three-phase windings.In the latter case, two sections of each phase are into 180 ° (el) It is relative and extend beyond 60 ° (el)；Therefore, winding can be referred to as 60 ° of three-phase windings.Described 120 ° or 60 ° of extensions correspond to Angular distance (skew) between two phases.More generally useful, in the polyphase windings with n phases, the extension or apart from being respectively 360/n or 360/ (2n).

In 60 ° of embodiment, three-phase windings 1 need 12 connections, i.e., 2 connect each sections of correspondence and therefore 4 The each phase of connection correspondence.Described two sections have opposite winding direction.

Fig. 2 show in plan view according to coordinate θ_el(radian) and z waveform winding.In fig. 2, the side of hexagonal rings 2 Side 3 parallel to or be substantially parallel to z-axis, and Fig. 3 shows another embodiment, and wherein the side 3 of axial orientation is relative to z Shaft angle degree β.

According to another preferred feature of the present invention, winding 1 has symmetrical layout.This feature can quilt with reference to Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 More fully understand.

In Fig. 4, some rings are only shown for the ease of figure shows, it can be seen that as two-phase (such as the first phase U and Two-phase W) ring it is intersected with each other when, winding 1 include the zone of intersection 5.

Symmetric configuration meets two kinds of situations, and it can be according at least two plane P1 and P2 with reference to the cross section of winding 1 It is defined.First plane P1 is blocked perpendicular to main shaft z and away from the zone of intersection 5 (such as in the axially extending side 3 of ring 2) The z-axis line.Second plane P2 is also perpendicularly to main shaft z, but blocks the z-axis line corresponding to the zone of intersection 5.Dotted line 20 is first Cross-shaped portion and dotted line 21 between plane P1 and winding 1 are the plane P2 of winding 1 and second cross-shaped portions.As shown in figure 4, intersecting lens 21 pass through the zone of intersection 5 of ring 2.

Preferably, plane P1 is located at a half height of winding.The position of the zone of intersection depends on the number of pole and phase.Two In the three-phase windings of pole, the zone of intersection 5 is located at about 1/3 height of winding and 2/3 height.Therefore, it is above-mentioned flat in this winding Face P2 is preferably located at 1/3 height h or 2/3 height h.

More generally useful, the winding with n phases and np pairs of pole will be in non-coaxial several zones of intersection shown partially.

In the symmetrical embodiment of the present invention, plane P1 and P2 cross section are respectively appeared in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.

In the cross section according to plane P1 (Fig. 5), six transverse cross-sectional areas all represented by numeral 7 can be recognized. Each region 7 includes the wire for being connected to a U phase or V phases or W phases.In this example, region 7_UWith region 7 '_UInclude U phases Ring, and similarly region 7_V, region 7 '_VRing comprising V phases and region 7_W, region 7 '_WInclude the ring of W phases.As shown in figure 5, institute It is substantially uniform to state region 7, and these regions are symmetrically distributed relative to the z-axis line and these regions are equally spaced. By contrast, it is unsatisfactory for such case in the prior art winding as shown in Figure 20, Figure 21.

According to be located at the zone of intersection 5 in plane P2 cross section in (Fig. 6), can recognize only 3 all by numeral 8 The region of expression.More specifically, each region 8_UV、8_UWOr 8_VWComprising be connected to two different phases (that is, U and V or U and W or V and W wire) is uniformly distributed.

Term " substantially uniform region " and " symmetrical " are to be interpreted as taking into account manufacturing tolerance.

It should be noted that：Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shows a layer in order to concise, but can provide several concentric layers of ring.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are reviewed, Fig. 2 is shown in which embodiment of the side 3 parallel to z-axis line.It should be noted that：I.e. Just in the embodiment of " parallel ", it is also possible to cause being slightly slanted of side 3 (can be with by the tolerance and coiling machine of manufacturing process Ignore).Although result in the loss in the magnetic flux collected by each ring 2, the more obvious inclination of side 3 is (such as Angle beta shown in Fig. 3) can be preferably as will increase connection leg 4 density and therefore will accommodate more rings, with And increase is for total output torque of given current strength.

Angle beta is preferably not more than 10 mechanical angles.

In second embodiment of the present invention, polyphase windings have above-described with having the ring of at least six sides What is be combined is arranged symmetrically, and the winding of above-described covering 360/2n angles (being 60 ° of windings for three-phase) section Feature.

In this second embodiment, ring can have waveform winding or also have lap winding.Waveform winding and lap winding It is well known by persons skilled in the art.Figure 7 illustrates the exemplary configurations of the ring 2 with waveform winding, figure 8 illustrates The exemplary configurations of ring 2 with lap winding.As shown in FIG. 7, axis (z-axis line) of the corrugated gasket generally around winding is rotated.

Reference picture 9 shows and is stacked according to the three of the ring with hexagon of other embodiments of the present invention to Figure 13 60 ° of windings 10 of tiles.

Fig. 9 in a similar manner to figure 4 and using identical mark show winding 10, Fig. 9 is particularly shown some rings 2 And its zone of intersection 5.Figure 10 shows the details for the mode of being preferably carried out, wherein reducing the pitch of ring.

Winding 10 includes each phase U, V, W two sections.Described two sections of each phase are relative with 180 ° (el).Each institute Stating section includes a coil or multiple coils, and each coil includes multiple single conductor loops.The structure of winding 10 passes through figure 11 and Figure 12 can be better understood.

The space arrangement for the hexagon conductor loop 2 that Figure 11 is shown with plan view, Figure 11 only shows for each coil Go out a ring.The pitch P of single ring is also show in figure.

Figure 12 shows the structure of winding 10, wherein each section 11 includes such as two coils 12 and each coil 12 is by more Individual ring 2 is constituted.By convention, phase U, phase V, phase W coil are represented in figure with symbol A, B, C.

In fig. 12, the opposite direction of wire winding is represented using minus sign.In practice, each section 11 may include higher The coil 12 of quantity.

Two sections 11 of each phase are relative with 180 °, and such as the figure is shown between the connection A and-A of U phases.It also shows The opening p of the coil of angular distance (skew) w and lap winding between continuous phase, in this example the angular distance is, for example, 60 ° And be more generally useful 360/ (2n) for n phase windings.Between the distance between center by coil 12 or the center of coil group Distance is as apart from w.

Such as Figure 12's is shown in phantom, and pitch (or A/F) p of coil 12 can be defined as the axial direction of positive middle ring 13 The distance between side.

According to currently preferred feature, pitch P is reduced to less than 180 ° (el), preferably about 100 ° (el).Such as exist Shown in Figure 10, the advantage compared with short pitch is the corresponding intersection reduced between ring.

The cross section according to plane P1 and plane P2 defined as above of winding 10 is shown in figs. 13 and 14.

Figure 13 shows the multiple concentric coil layers to form winding 10.First (innermost) layer includes region 7_U、7_V、 7_W, the second layer include region 7 '_U、7’_V、7’_WDeng.

Figure 14 shows the transverse cross-sectional area 8 of the zone of intersection 5, i.e.,：Region 8_UV、8_UWWith 8_VW。

Figure 15 shows example of the invention in the multiphase centreless winding including five phases, and the multiphase centreless winding can example Such as it is used for direct current (DC) motor.When each phase includes two relative coils, skew is 36 ° (el) in the case.

Figure 16 shows that the basis of Figure 15 winding is located at the cross section (first of the plane in the area on-axis of side 3 Layer), and Figure 17 shows the cross section according to the plane through one of the zone of intersection 5.Cross section is shown as described above Region 7, region 8.

Claims

1. a kind of cylindrical multiphase centreless winding, it is characterised in that the multiphase centreless winding includes ring (2), the ring tool There are at least six sides (3,4) and around being made as waveform winding.

2. winding according to claim 1, the winding includes multiple sections (11), and for it is each mutually include two sections with For being connected with this, described two sections of each phase of the winding are relative with 180 electrical angles, and in the connection of the winding It is 360/ (2n) electrical angle to the angular distance between two out of phase two adjacent segments, wherein n is the number of phases.

3. winding according to claim 2, wherein, each section (11) includes multiple coils (12) and each coil is by multiple Ring is constituted.

4. the winding according to any one of claim 1-3, the winding has symmetric configuration, wherein：

- the winding has main shaft and including the zone of intersection (5), in the zone of intersection (5), is connected to two out of phase institutes State ring intersected with each other,

The cross section of basis at least the first plane (P1) of-winding includes one or more concentric layers, first plane Intersect perpendicular to the main shaft and away from the zone of intersection with the axis, one or more of concentric layers by relative to The symmetrical transverse cross-sectional area (7) comprising the out of phase ring of the main shaft and formed, each cross-sectional area Domain only includes the ring of a phase, and

The cross section of basis at least the second plane (P2) of-winding includes one formed by continuous transverse cross-sectional area (8) Individual or multiple concentric layers, second plane intersects perpendicular to the main shaft and with the axis in the zone of intersection, each horizontal Cross section (8) includes the ring of equally distributed two phases.

5. winding according to claim 4, wherein, the ring of each phase is by coiling simultaneously.

6. winding according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, each ring includes axially extending two effective sides Side (3).

7. winding according to claim 6, effective side parallel to or be substantially parallel to the main shaft of the winding Line.

8. winding according to claim 7, effective side is tilted relative to the axis.

9. winding according to claim 8, effective side tilts small angle relative to the axis, described small Angle is preferably not more than 10 mechanical angles.

10. winding according to any one of the preceding claims, the ring has the shape of hexagon.

11. a kind of cylindrical multiphase centreless winding, it is characterised in that：

The winding includes multiple sections (11), and mutually includes two sections for each for being connected with this, the winding Described two sections of each phase are relative with 180 electrical angles, and are connected to two out of phase two adjacent segments in the winding Between angular distance be 360/ (2n) electrical angle, wherein n is the number of phases；

Each described section includes multiple conductor loops (2), and the ring has at least six sides；

The winding has main shaft and including the zone of intersection, in the zone of intersection (5), is connected to two out of phase rings It is intersected with each other,

And the winding has symmetric configuration, wherein：

The cross section of basis at least the second plane of-winding include one formed by continuous transverse cross-sectional area (8) or Multiple concentric layers, second plane is perpendicular to the main shaft and intersects with the axis in the zone of intersection, each cross section Region (8) includes the ring of equally distributed two phases.

12. winding according to claim 11, wherein, the ring of each phase is by coiling simultaneously.

13. the winding according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, each section includes multiple coils and each coil is by multiple rings Constitute.

14. the winding according to any one of claim 11-13, wherein, each ring includes axially extending two effectively Side.

15. winding according to claim 14, effective side parallel to or be substantially parallel to the master of the winding Axis.

16. winding according to claim 15, effective side is tilted relative to the main shaft.

17. winding according to claim 16, effective side tilts small angle relative to the main shaft, described Small angle is preferably not more than 10 mechanical angles.

18. the winding according to any one of claim 11-17, the ring has the shape of hexagon.

19. the winding according to any one of claim 11-18, the ring is by around being made as waveform winding.

20. the winding according to any one of claim 11-18, the ring is by around being made as lap winding.

21. winding according to claim 20, wherein, the ring has the pitch less than 180 electrical angles.

22. winding according to claim 21, the pitch is included in 360/ (2n) between 360/n, wherein number of phases n More than or equal to 2.

23. winding according to claim 21, wherein, number of phases n is equal to 3 and the pitch is about 100 electrical angles.

24. a kind of motor, the motor includes the rotor with centreless winding according to any one of the preceding claims At least one of with stator.