TW201607064A - Low voltage drop unidirectional electronic valve and solar panel using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A low voltage drop unidirectional electronic valve and a solar panel using the same are provided in the present invention. The low voltage drop unidirectional electronic valve includes a main switch, an energy storage element, a unidirectional conduction element and a driving circuit. The main switch is coupled between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the solar cell. The first terminal of the energy storage element is coupled to the negative terminal of the solar cell. The unidirectional conduction element is coupled between the second terminal of the energy storage element and the positive terminal of the solar cell. The input terminal of the driving circuit is coupled to the first terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the driving circuit is coupled to the control terminal of the main switch. When the voltage between the input terminal of the driving circuit and the positive terminal of the solar cell is positive voltage, the output terminal of the driving circuit output a N times input voltage to be a driving voltage to turn on the main switch.

Description

Low-dropout unidirectional electronically-on valve and solar panel using the same

The present invention relates to a solar energy technology, and more particularly to a bypass element and a solar cell using the same.

With the rapid development of society, human beings have more and more demand for energy, and solar energy has become the most potential energy source. Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a prior art solar panel. Referring to FIG. 1 , the solar panel includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells 101 , each of which is coupled to a bypass diode 102 . This bypass diode 102 is used to provide an additional current path when the photovoltaic power generation element 101 is obscured or fails. Generally, a positive voltage is provided when the photovoltaic power generation element 101 is operating normally. When the photovoltaic power generation element 101 fails or is shielded, the photovoltaic power generation element 101 provides a negative voltage. At this time, the bypass diode 102 is responsible for providing a bypass current path to prevent the output voltage of the solar panel from dropping too much.

However, the disadvantage of using a bypass diode is that The threshold voltage of the diode is too high, resulting in excessive power consumption of the solar panel. U.S. Patent No. 7,898,114, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This protection circuit changes the original diode to a switch. When the solar cell component is damaged, the switch is turned on by the transformer. However, the use of an inductive component in a component is liable to cause damage to the circuit.

An object of the present invention is to provide a low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valve and a solar panel using the same, which can reduce the power consumption of the damaged solar cell by improving the structure of the bypass element.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valve, which is suitable for a solar cell component, wherein the solar cell component includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the low pressure drop single The electronic conduction valve includes a main switching element, an energy storage element, a unidirectional conduction element, and a driving circuit. The main switching element includes a first end, a second end, and a control end, wherein the first end of the main switching element is coupled to the positive end of the solar cell element, and the second end of the main switching element is coupled to the solar cell element The negative end. The energy storage component includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the energy storage component is coupled to the negative end of the solar cell component. The unidirectional conductive element includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the unidirectional conductive element is coupled to the second end of the energy storage component, and the second end of the unidirectional conductive component is coupled to the solar cell The positive end of the component. The driving circuit includes an input terminal, a common terminal, and an output terminal. The input end of the driving circuit is coupled to the first end of the energy storage component, the common end of the driving circuit is coupled to the first end of the unidirectional conducting component, and the output end of the driving circuit is coupled to the control end of the main switching component. The voltage at the input of the drive circuit is the input voltage to the common terminal of the drive circuit. When the input voltage is positive, the output terminal of the driving circuit outputs N times the input voltage as a driving voltage to drive the main switching element to be turned on.

In view of this, the present invention provides a solar panel. The solar panel includes a plurality of solar cells and a plurality of low-drop one-way electronically-on valves corresponding to the plurality of solar cells. Each solar cell component includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal. Each of the low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valves includes a main switching element, an energy storage element, a unidirectional conduction element, and a driving circuit. The main switching element includes a first end, a second end, and a control end, wherein the first end of the main switching element is coupled to the positive end of the solar cell element, and the second end of the main switching element is coupled to the solar cell element The negative end. The energy storage component includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the energy storage component is coupled to the negative end of the solar cell component. The unidirectional conductive element includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the unidirectional conductive element is coupled to the second end of the energy storage component, and the second end of the unidirectional conductive component is coupled to the solar cell The positive end of the component. The driving circuit includes an input end, a common end, and an output end, wherein the input end of the driving circuit is coupled to the first end of the energy storage component, and the common end of the driving circuit is coupled to the first end of the unidirectional conducting component, The output end of the driving circuit is coupled to the control end of the main switching element. The voltage at the input of the drive circuit is the input voltage to the common terminal of the drive circuit. When the above input When the voltage is positive, the output terminal of the driving circuit outputs N times the input voltage as a driving voltage to drive the main switching element to be turned on.

A bypass element according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and a solar panel using the same, the main switching element comprising a power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor comprising a gate a first source drain, a second source drain, and a body electrode, wherein the gate of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to the control terminal of the main switching element, and the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor The first source drain of the crystal is coupled to the first end of the main switching element, and the second source drain of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to the second end of the main switching element. The first end of the first switch is coupled to the first end of the main switching element, and the second end of the first switch is coupled to the body of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor. The first end of the second switch is coupled to the body of the power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, and the second end of the second switch is coupled to the second end of the main switching element.

The bypass component and the solar panel using the same according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention further include a switch control circuit including a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and a first output terminal. a second output end, wherein the first input end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the positive end of the solar cell, the second input end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the negative end of the solar cell, and the first output end of the switch control circuit The second output end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the control end of the second switch. When the voltage of the second input terminal is greater than the voltage of the first input terminal, the switch control circuit controls the first switch to be turned on, and controls The second switch is turned off.

In a preferred embodiment, the switch control circuit includes a comparator and an inverter. The comparator includes a first input end, a second input end, and an output end, wherein the first input end of the comparator is coupled to the first input end of the switch control circuit, and the second input end of the comparator is coupled to the The second input end of the switch control circuit, the output end of the comparator is coupled to the first output end of the switch control circuit. The inverter includes an input end and an output end, wherein an input end of the inverter is coupled to an output end of the comparator, and an output end of the inverter is coupled to the second output end of the switch control circuit.

The spirit of the invention consists in replacing the bypass diode of the prior art with a power transistor switch. In addition, in conjunction with the power transistor, a boost drive circuit and a tank circuit are provided. Therefore, the reverse phase bias of the damaged solar cell element can be minimized and the efficiency of the overall solar panel is increased.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more <RTIgt;

101‧‧‧Photovoltaic components

102‧‧‧Bypass diode

201‧‧‧Solar Cell Components (Solar Cell)

202‧‧‧ low pressure drop one-way electronic on-position valve of an embodiment of the invention

203‧‧‧Main switching elements

204‧‧‧ Energy storage components

205‧‧‧ unidirectional conduction element

206‧‧‧Drive circuit

V _DD ‧ ‧ voltage across the energy storage element 204

V _DRV ‧‧‧ drive voltage

I _Q ‧‧‧The current consumption of the drive circuit 206

I _CG ‧‧‧Charging current

V _ANO ‧‧‧ Negative terminal voltage of solar cell component 201

Positive voltage of V _CAT ‧‧‧ solar cell component 201

T _OFF ‧‧‧ deadline

T _ON ‧‧‧ On time

M ₁ ‧‧‧Power transistor

S _A ‧‧‧first switch

S _B ‧‧‧second switch

D _A , D _B ‧‧‧ diode

401‧‧‧Switch control circuit

402‧‧‧ comparator

403‧‧‧Inverter

Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a prior art solar panel.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a solar panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a diagram showing a low embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the operation of the pressure drop unidirectional electronically-on valve 202.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a solar panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the solar panel damaged or shaded according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valve of a solar panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a solar panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, the solar panel includes a plurality of solar cells 201 and a low-drop one-way electronically-on valve 202 of an embodiment of the present invention. The low dropout unidirectional electronically-on valve 202 includes a main switching element 203, an energy storage element 204, a unidirectional conduction element 205, and a drive circuit 206. The main switching element 203 is typically implemented as a power transistor. The power transistor 203 includes a gate, a first source drain, and a second source drain. The first source of the power transistor 203 is coupled to the positive terminal of the solar cell element 201, and the second source of the power transistor 203 is coupled to the negative terminal of the solar cell element 201.

The energy storage element 204 is implemented in this embodiment in a capacitor. The unidirectional conduction element 205 is implemented in the form of a diode in this example, and those skilled in the art should know that the unidirectional conduction element 205 can also use a transistor, a diode-connected transistor, or a controllable body. Switch implementation. Therefore, the invention is not limited thereto. The input of the drive circuit 206 is The energy storage component 204 is coupled. The common terminal of the driving circuit 206 is coupled to the cathode terminal of the unidirectional conducting element 205. The output of the driving circuit 206 is coupled to the gate of the power transistor 203.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valve 202 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, in normal operation, the positive terminal of each solar cell element 201 outputs a positive voltage. At this time, the unidirectional conduction element 205 is not turned on, and the power transistor 203 is not turned on. When one of the solar cell elements 201 is damaged or shielded, the negative terminal of the damaged or shielded solar cell element 201 outputs a positive voltage V _ANO , and the positive terminal outputs a negative voltage V _CAT . At this time, the unidirectional conduction element 205 is turned on, and the negative terminal of the damaged or shielded solar cell element 201 charges the energy storage element 204 with the current I _CG . At this time, the input voltage (V _ANO - V _GND ) across the common terminal of the input terminal of the driving circuit 206 and the driving circuit 206 is positive V _DD . The driving circuit 206 outputs N times a positive integer input voltage V _DD as a driving voltage V _DRV to the gate of the power transistor 203 to turn on the power transistor 203. Since the voltage drop between the first source drain and the second source drain thereof is lower than that of the prior art diode after the power transistor is turned on, the present invention can achieve a solar cell with reduced damage. The purpose of power consumption. In addition, in the above embodiment, the driving circuit 206 can be implemented by using a charge pump. The advantage of the charge pump is that it is free of inductance and the circuit is not easily damaged. Moreover, since the power consumption I _{Q of the} driving circuit 206 is much smaller than the charging current I _CG , the on-time T _{ON of the} power transistor 203 is much larger than the off-time T _OFF . In general, the charging current I _CG is an ampere level, and the power consumption I _Q of the driving circuit 206 is about a micro (μ) ampere level. Therefore, the ratio of the off time T _OFF to the on time T _ON is greater than 99.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a solar panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the main switching element 203 is a power transistor M _1, a first switch switches S _A and S _B of the second embodiment of this embodiment. In addition, the diode D _A and the diode D _B are the body diodes of the power transistor M ₁ , respectively. In addition, the unidirectional conduction element 205 is implemented in a diode. Additionally, in this embodiment, the low dropout unidirectional electronically-on valve 202 additionally includes a switch control circuit 401. The switch control circuit 401 is configured to control the first switch S _A and the second switch S _B described above. The switch control circuit 401 includes a comparator 402 and an inverter 403.

FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the solar panel damaged or shaded according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, in normal operation, the positive terminal (cathode) of each solar cell element 201 outputs a positive voltage V _CAT . At this time, the diode 205 is not turned on. In addition, the voltage at the input end of the driving circuit 206 is a negative voltage with respect to the voltage of the positive terminal of the solar cell element 201. Further, the voltage at the positive input terminal of the comparator 402 of the switch control circuit 401 is greater than the voltage at the negative input terminal, and the comparator 402 outputs The positive saturation voltage, the inverter 403 outputs a logic low voltage, so that the first switch S _{A is} turned off and the second switch S _{B is} turned on. Therefore, the power transistor M _{1 is} also not turned on.

When one of the solar cell elements 201 is damaged or shielded at T1, the negative terminal (anode, Anode) of the damaged or shielded solar cell element 201 outputs a positive voltage V _ANO , and the positive terminal (cathode, cathode) outputs a negative voltage V. _CAT . At this time, the diode 205 is turned on. The energy storage element 204 receives the voltage V _ANO from the negative terminal of the damaged solar cell element 201 for charging. At this time, the input voltage (V _ANO - V _GND ) across the common terminal of the input terminal of the driving circuit 206 and the driving circuit 206 is positive V _DD . When the voltage reaches a sufficient driving circuit 206 voltage (T2), a drive circuit 206 then outputs N times the input voltage of the positive integer as a driving voltage V _DRV to the gate of said power transistor M ₁ of the pole, at the same time, the switching control circuit The voltage at the positive input terminal of the comparator 402 of 401 is less than the voltage at the negative input terminal. Therefore, the comparator 402 outputs a negative saturation voltage, and the inverter 403 outputs a logic high voltage. Therefore, the first switch S _{A is} turned on, and the second switch S _{B is} turned on. At the cutoff, the base end of the power transistor M ₁ is at the same voltage as the source terminal. Therefore, the above power transistor M ₁ is turned on. Since the power transistor M ₁ is turned on after the voltage drop between the phase of the first source and a second drain source for a low pressure drop to drain diode of the prior art, therefore, the present invention can be achieved to reduce the damage The purpose of power consumption of solar cells.

In addition, since this embodiment has the first switch S _A and the second switch S _B , the voltage at the base end of the power transistor M ₁ does not float regardless of normal operation or when the solar cell element 201 is damaged or shielded.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valve of a solar panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 4 , the difference between the two is that the low-drop one-way electronic on-regulator of FIG. 6 does not need the switch control circuit 401 , and the gate of the first switch S _A is coupled to the negative of the solar cell element 201 . The terminal (anode, Anode), the gate of the second switch S _B is coupled to the positive terminal (cathode) of the solar cell element 201. Since the operation principle is the same, it will not be described here.

In summary, the spirit of the present invention is to replace the prior art bypass diode with a power transistor switch. In addition, in conjunction with the power transistor, a boost drive circuit and a tank circuit are provided. Therefore, the reverse phase bias of the damaged solar cell element can be minimized and the efficiency of the overall solar panel is increased.

The specific embodiments of the present invention are intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the invention to the above embodiments, without departing from the spirit of the invention and the following claims. The scope of the invention and the various changes made are within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

201‧‧‧Solar Cell Components (Solar Cell)

202‧‧‧ low pressure drop one-way electronic on-position valve of an embodiment of the invention

203‧‧‧Main switching elements

204‧‧‧ Energy storage components

205‧‧‧ unidirectional conduction element

206‧‧‧Drive circuit

V _DD ‧ ‧ voltage across the energy storage element 204

V _DRV ‧‧‧ drive voltage

Claims (10)

A low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valve suitable for a solar cell component, wherein the solar cell component comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the low-dropout unidirectional electronic conduction valve comprises: a main switching component, including a first a first end of the main switching element is coupled to the positive end of the solar cell element, and a second end of the main switching element is coupled to the negative end of the solar cell element An energy storage component includes a first end and a second end, wherein a first end of the energy storage component is coupled to a negative end of the solar cell component; a unidirectional conductive component includes a first end a second end, wherein the first end of the unidirectional conductive element is coupled to the second end of the energy storage component, the second end of the unidirectional conductive component is coupled to the positive end of the solar cell component; The driving circuit includes an input terminal, a common terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the input end of the driving circuit is coupled to the first end of the energy storage component, and the common terminal of the driving circuit is coupled to the unidirectional conductive component First end, An output end of the driving circuit is coupled to the control end of the main switching element, wherein a voltage of the input end of the driving circuit is an input voltage of the common terminal of the driving circuit, wherein when the input voltage is positive, the driving The output of the circuit outputs an input voltage of N times as a driving voltage to drive the main switching element to be turned on. Low-pressure drop unidirectional electrons as described in item 1 of the patent application scope a turn-on valve, wherein the main switching element comprises: a power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, comprising a gate, a first source drain, a second source drain, and a body electrode, wherein the power metal a gate of the oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to a control end of the main switching element, and a first source drain of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to the first end of the main switching element, the power metal a second source drain of the oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to the second end of the main switching element; a first switch includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first switch The first end of the first switch is coupled to the body of the power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor; and the second switch includes a first end and a first The second end of the second switch is coupled to the body of the power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, and the second end of the second switch is coupled to the second end of the main switch element. The low-drop one-way electronic on-regulator as described in claim 2, wherein the first switch further comprises a control end, and the second switch further comprises a control end, and the low-dropout one-way electronic on-position valve The switch control circuit includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal, and a second output terminal, wherein the first input end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the solar cell Positive end, the second input end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the negative end of the solar cell, and the switch controls The first output end of the circuit is coupled to the control end of the first switch, and the second output end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the control end of the second switch, wherein when the voltage of the second input terminal is greater than the voltage of the first input end The switch control circuit controls the first switch to be turned on and controls the second switch to be turned off. The low-drop one-way electronic on-regulator as described in claim 3, wherein the switch control circuit comprises: a comparator comprising a first input end, a second input end, and an output end, wherein The first input end of the comparator is coupled to the first input end of the switch control circuit, the second input end of the comparator is coupled to the second input end of the switch control circuit, and the output end of the comparator is coupled to the switch control a first output of the circuit; and an inverter including an input end and an output end, wherein an input end of the inverter is coupled to an output end of the comparator, and an output end of the inverter is coupled to the output end A second output of the switch control circuit. The low-drop one-way electronic on-off valve of claim 2, wherein the first switch further comprises a control end, and the second switch further comprises a control end, wherein the first switch The control end is coupled to the negative end of the solar cell element, and the control end of the second switch is coupled to the positive end of the solar cell element. A solar panel comprising: a plurality of solar cells, wherein each of the solar cell components comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal; and a plurality of low pressure drop unidirectional electronic conduction valves, wherein the first low voltage The unidirectional electronic conduction valve includes: a main switching element, including a first end, a second end, and a control end, wherein the first end of the main switching element is coupled to the positive end of the first solar cell element The second end of the main switching element is coupled to the negative end of the first solar cell component; the first energy storage component includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the energy storage component is coupled a negative end of the first solar cell component; a unidirectional conducting component comprising a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the unidirectional conducting component is coupled to the second end of the energy storage component The second end of the unidirectional conductive element is coupled to the positive end of the first solar cell component; a driving circuit includes an input end, a common end, and an output end, wherein the input end of the driving circuit is coupled First end of the energy storage element a common terminal of the driving circuit is coupled to the first end of the unidirectional conducting component, and an output end of the driving circuit is coupled to the control terminal of the main switching component, wherein a voltage of the input end of the driving circuit is opposite to the driving circuit The voltage of the common terminal is used as an input voltage, wherein when the input voltage is positive, the output terminal of the driving circuit outputs an input voltage of N times as a driving voltage. The main switching element is driven to be turned on, wherein I is a natural number, and I is less than or equal to the total number of the low-dropout unidirectional electronic on-gate valves. The solar panel of claim 6, wherein the main switching element comprises: a power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor comprising a gate, a first source drain, and a second source drain And a body pole, wherein a gate of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to a control end of the main switching element, and a first source drain of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to the main a first end of the switching element, the second source of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is coupled to the second end of the main switching element; a first switch comprising a first end and a second end The first end of the first switch is coupled to the first end of the main switching element, the second end of the first switch is coupled to the body of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and a second The switch includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second switch is coupled to the body of the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and the second end of the second switch is coupled to Main switch The second end of the component. The solar panel of claim 7, wherein the first switch further comprises a control end, and the second switch further comprises The control terminal further includes: a switch control circuit including a first input end, a second input end, a first output end, and a second output end, wherein the switch The first input end of the control circuit is coupled to the positive end of the first solar cell, the second input end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the negative end of the first solar cell, and the first output end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the a control end of the first switch, the second output end of the switch control circuit is coupled to the control end of the second switch, wherein the switch control circuit controls the first when the voltage of the second input terminal is greater than the voltage of the first input end The switch is turned on and controls the second switch to be turned off. The solar panel of claim 8, wherein the switch control circuit comprises: a comparator comprising a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the comparator is first The input end is coupled to the first input end of the switch control circuit, the second input end of the comparator is coupled to the second input end of the switch control circuit, and the output end of the comparator is coupled to the first output of the switch control circuit And an inverter comprising an input end and an output end, wherein an input end of the inverter is coupled to an output end of the comparator, and an output end of the inverter is coupled to the switch control circuit Two outputs. The solar panel of claim 7, wherein the first switch further comprises a control end, and the second switch further comprises a control terminal, wherein the control end of the first switch is coupled to the negative end of the solar cell component, and the control end of the second switch is coupled to the positive terminal of the solar cell component.