TW201535175A - Touch panel - Google Patents

Abstract

A touch panel includes a transparent substrate, a first patterned conductive layer disposed on the transparent substrate and including a plurality of first axis electrodes extending along a first direction, a first insulation layer disposed on the first patterned conductive layer, and a second patterned conductive layer disposed on the first insulation layer and including a plurality of second axis electrodes extending along a second direction. Each of the plurality of first axis electrodes is respectively a meshed electrode. Each of the plurality of second axis electrodes is respectively a transparent electrode.

Description

Touch panel

The present invention refers to a touch panel, and more particularly to a touch panel that can improve the accuracy of touch signals.

Touch panels have been widely used in the input interface of electronic devices because of their human-computer interaction characteristics. In today's touch panel technology, capacitive touch panels have become the mainstream of current high-end consumer electronics products due to their high accuracy, multi-touch, high durability and high touch resolution. Control technology.

In recent years, as the application of consumer electronic products has become more and more widespread, more and more applications have been formed by combining touch functions with display panels to form touch display panels, including smart phones. Tablet PC and laptop PC. In order to avoid affecting the display screen of the display panel and reducing the impedance value of the sensing electrode, the capacitive touch panel uses metal grid electrodes as the two kinds of axial sensing electrodes respectively. However, the noise generated by the display panel may directly affect the two types. The signal accuracy of the axial sensing electrode. Moreover, the grid holes on the grid electrodes reduce the total area of the sensing electrodes, thereby limiting the magnitude of the change in mutual inductance between the two axial sensing electrodes. Since the detection of the touch event is judged based on whether the discharge time of the capacitor changes, the touch signal is also attenuated when the amount of change in the capacitance is decreased.

In view of this, how to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of touch signals has become one of the goals of the industry.

Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a touch panel to improve the accuracy and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the touch signal.

The present invention discloses a touch panel including a transparent substrate. A first conductive pattern layer is disposed on the transparent substrate, and includes a plurality of first axial electrodes extending along a first direction, and the plurality of first axes Each of the first axial electrodes of the electrode is a meshed electrode; a first insulating layer is disposed on the first conductive pattern layer; and a second conductive pattern layer is disposed on the first electrode An insulating layer includes a plurality of second axial electrodes extending in a second direction, and each of the plurality of second axial electrodes is a transparent electrode.

10, 40, 50, 60, 60', 70‧‧‧ touch panels

100‧‧‧Transparent substrate

102‧‧‧ touch surface

110, 410, 510, 710‧‧‧ first conductive pattern layer

112, 412‧‧‧ first axial electrode

114, 414‧‧ ‧Gon

120, 760, 770, 620‧ ‧ insulation

130, 430‧‧‧ second conductive pattern layer

132, 432‧‧‧second axial electrode

416‧‧‧ first opening

436‧‧‧ second opening

418, 438‧‧‧ dummy electrode

Branches 4322, 4324, 4326‧‧

540, 640, 740, 750‧‧ ‧ transparent adhesive layer

D1‧‧‧ first direction

D2‧‧‧ second direction

W1, W2, W1', W2', W3, W4‧‧‧ width

W‧‧‧ grid line width

S1, S2, S1’, S2’‧‧‧ gap

P1‧‧‧ grid spacing

L3, L4‧‧‧ length

FIG. 1 is a front plan view of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the invention.

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the touch panel of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the touch panel of FIG. 1.

4A is a front plan view of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the invention.

4B and 4C are front plan views of a first conductive pattern layer and a second conductive pattern layer in FIG. 4A, respectively.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 . FIG. 1 is a touch panel 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' of the touch panel 10 of FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 2 , the touch panel 10 includes a transparent substrate 100 , a first conductive pattern layer 110 , an insulating layer 120 , and a second conductive pattern layer 130 . A user (such as a finger or a stylus) touches one of the touch surfaces 102 of the transparent substrate 100 to provide a touch signal, and the first conductive pattern layer 110, the insulating layer 120, and the second conductive pattern layer 130 are The sequence is disposed on the other surface of the transparent substrate 100 facing away from the touch surface 102. As shown in FIG. 1, the first conductive pattern layer 110 includes a plurality of first axial electrodes 112 extending along a first direction D1, and each of the first axial electrodes 112 is a mesh electrode. And thus having a plurality of cells 114; likewise, the second conductive pattern layer 130 includes a plurality of second axial electrodes 132 extending along a second direction D2, and each of the second axial electrodes 132 is a Transparent electrode. Each of the first axial electrodes 112 and each of the second axial electrodes 132 has a width W1, W2, and the widths W1, W2 may be approximately 4.95 mm. There are gaps S1 and S2 between the adjacent first axial electrodes 112 and the adjacent second axial electrodes 132, and the gap S2 may be approximately 50 μm (micrometer), and the gaps S1 and S2 may be respectively set to be virtual. A dummy electrode may be disposed in the grid hole 114 of the grid electrode, so that the touch panel 10 exhibits a relatively uniform optical uniformity.

In brief, since the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132 are respectively a grid electrode and a transparent electrode, the grid electrode may be made of a metal material. Therefore, the touch panel 10 can have a small impedance by the characteristics of the metal electrode, and has a higher value than the conventional touch panel by the characteristics of the grid electrode and the transparent electrode. Transmittance. More importantly, in the self-capacitive sensing mode, the touch panel 10 can output the same size touch signal by the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132 respectively; In the capacitive capacitive sensing mode, the second axial electrode 132 without mesh can effectively block the noise of the display panel and provide a large mutual capacitance change value, thereby improving the accuracy and the signal-to-noise ratio of the touch signal. (SNR).

In detail, in the self-capacitance sensing mode, each of the first axial electrodes 112 and each of the second axial electrodes 132 are independently operated and separately detected. When the user's finger is close to the touch surface 102 of the touch panel 10, the finger is coupled to the touch electrode near the finger to form a coupling capacitor, so that the touch electrode can output a touch signal. In the touch panel 10, the distance between the second axial electrode 132 and the touch surface 102 is relatively long compared to the first axial electrode 112, but the second axial electrode 132 has no cell hole. It has a large area and therefore can generate a large coupling capacitance. Moreover, the first axial electrode 112 is a grid-like electrode, so that the capacitive coupling of the finger to the second axial electrode 132 is not completely blocked. According to this, when the user's finger is adjacent to the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132, respectively, the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132 can respectively output the same size touch signals, where In this case, the detecting circuit coupled to the touch panel 10 does not need to separately adjust the relative magnitudes of the touch signals output by the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132, so that the finger touch can be directly analyzed. The position of the control panel 10.

In the mutual capacitive sensing mode, each of the first axial electrodes 112 is a receiving electrode, and each of the second axial electrodes 132 is a driving electrode, that is, the second axial electrode 132 is coupled to a voltage source. The driving current flows through each of the second axial electrodes 132 in sequence, and a mutual capacitance is formed between the second axial electrodes 132 and the adjacent first axial electrodes 112. When the user's finger approaches the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132, the finger is coupled between the adjacent first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132 to generate a mutual capacitance change value. Therefore, the first axial electrode 112 can output a touch signal to the detecting circuit. When the touch panel 10 is coupled to the display panel, the second axial electrode 132 is disposed between the display panel and the first axial electrode 112, and since the second axial electrode 132 is a transparent electrode without a mesh, the display The noise of the panel has less interference to the first axial electrode 112 as the receiving electrode, thereby improving the accuracy of the touch signal. Moreover, since the second axial electrode 132 has a large aperture and a large area, a large mutual capacitance change value can be formed with the first axial electrode 112, and a relatively different touch signal can be output, which can be reduced. The error in judgment. When the conventional touch panel is thinned, the distance between the receiving electrode and the driving electrode is reduced, the mutual inductance capacitance is increased sharply, and the conductive pattern of the receiving electrode and the driving electrode is further restricted. In contrast, the first axial electrode 112 of the touch panel 10 is a grid electrode, so that the mutual inductance capacitance can be reduced and the mutual inductance capacitance change value is relatively increased, thereby facilitating the thinning of the touch panel 10 . Specifically, in the mutual capacitive sensing mode, the mutual capacitive sensing effect of the touch panel 10 is as shown in Table 1 below:

Wherein, C _m is a mutual capacitance value between the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132, C _env is a capacitance value between the first axial electrode 112 and the display panel, and ΔC _m is a finger contact touch After the panel 10, the mutual inductance capacitance change value between the first axial electrode 112 and the second axial electrode 132. As can be seen from Table 1, when the first axial electrode 112 is a grid electrode and the second axial electrode 132 is a transparent electrode, the mutual inductance change value ΔC _{m is} large, so that the difference of the output touch signals can be improved. To reduce the error in the judgment. At the same time, since the capacitance value C _{env is} low, the noise of the display panel has less interference with the first axial electrode 112 as the receiving electrode, in other words, the output touch signal is more accurate.

To improve the performance of the touch panel 10, the geometric features of the grid-shaped first axial electrode 112 can be further adjusted. In detail, please refer to FIG. 3, which is an embodiment of the present invention. A partially enlarged schematic view of the first axial electrode 112 shown in Fig. 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the grid holes 114 of the first axial electrodes 112 are substantially parallelograms, and the angle θ of the lattice holes 114 is preferably between 45° and 90° or 90°. Between 135°. In addition, the grid line width W of the first axial electrode 112 is preferably between 4 μm and 15 μm, and the grid pitch P1 of the first axial electrode 112 is preferably between 400 μm and 2000 μm. Since the grid line width of the first axial electrode 112 is extremely thin and the grid spacing is large, good transmittance can be provided.

It should be noted that the touch panel 10 of FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make different modifications according to the present invention, and are not limited thereto. For example, if the grid electrode is made of a metal material, it may comprise at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, silver, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, niobium, and magnesium, at least one of the alloys, and at least one of the composites. A composite layer of a layer or at least one of the alloys, but not limited thereto, any material having high electrical conductivity can be used for the first axial electrode. The material of the transparent electrode comprises at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum oxide tin, aluminum zinc oxide, nano silver and graphene, but not limited thereto, and any transparent having excellent conductivity can be utilized. The material implements a second axial electrode. The insulating layer may be an organic insulating layer such as an acryl material or an inorganic insulating layer, for example, made of yttrium oxide (such as a glass substrate), tantalum nitride or yttrium oxynitride, but is not limited thereto. The first axial electrode, the insulating layer and the second axial electrode may be sequentially processed by a deposition process (such as a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process or an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition physical vapor deposition process, or other fabrication methods such as The spin coating process, the inkjet printing process or the screen printing process, and the like are disposed and patterned on the transparent substrate. However, the invention is not limited thereto, and any component of the touch panel can be combined into multiple layers. Structural methods are within the scope of the invention. In addition, the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second direction, but not limited thereto. The first direction and the second direction may also have other angles or a three-dimensional relationship. The first axial electrodes are not limited to being parallel to each other, and the second axial electrodes are not limited to being parallel to each other, and may be radially arranged, respectively. Moreover, the first axial electrode and the second axial electrode may be strip electrodes, respectively, but are not limited thereto, and may be formed by any shape, such as a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a polygon, a random shape, etc., and the first The axial electrode and the second axial electrode may have the same or different shapes. the first The grid holes of the axial electrodes are also not limited to the parallelogram grid, and the grid holes may be any shape, such as a square mesh, a hexagonal mesh, or a triangular mesh. The first axial electrode and the second axial electrode can be further adjusted in response to different design considerations and system requirements.

For example, since the mutual inductance between the first axial electrode and the second axial electrode can be divided into a static mutual capacitance capacitor and a fringe mutual capacitance capacitor, the static mutual inductance capacitor is located in the first axial direction. Where the electrode overlaps with the second axial electrode, the edge mutual inductance capacitance is located adjacent to the first axial electrode and the second axial electrode but does not overlap, and the user's finger can only affect the edge mutual inductance capacitance. In general, in order to improve the difference of the touch signal, the static mutual inductance capacitance value is as small as possible, so the first axial electrode and the second axial electrode can be further adjusted to reduce the static mutual inductance capacitance value. For details, please refer to FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C. FIG. 4A is a front plan view of a touch panel 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 4B and 4C are respectively a view of FIG. 4A in the embodiment of the present invention. A front plan view of a conductive pattern layer 410 and a second conductive pattern layer 430. The touch panel 40 has the same structure as the touch panel 10 in FIG. 1, so the same components (ie, the insulating layer 120) are denoted by the same symbols. In the touch panel 40, one of the first conductive pattern layers 410 on the transparent substrate includes a plurality of first axial electrodes 412 extending along the first direction D1, and each of the first axial electrodes 412 has a plurality of cells. The grid-shaped electrodes of the holes 414, and each of the first axial electrodes 412 respectively have a plurality of first openings 416, and the area of the first openings 416 is larger than the area of the cells 414. Similarly, a second conductive pattern layer 430 includes a plurality of second axial electrodes 432 extending along the second direction D2, each of the second axial electrodes 432 is a transparent electrode, and each of the second axial electrodes 432 There are also a plurality of second openings 436, respectively, and the area of the second openings 436 is also larger than the area of the cells 414. The first opening 416 and the second opening 436 can effectively reduce the overlapping area of the first axial electrode 412 and the second axial electrode 432, thereby reducing the static mutual inductance capacitance and improving the difference of the touch signal.

In order to improve the performance of the touch panel 40, the geometric features of the detail can be further adjusted. For example, the first axial electrode 412 and the plurality of second axial electrodes 432 may have widths W1 ′, W2 ′, respectively, and the width W2 ′ may be approximately 4.95 mm, and the width W1 ′ is approximately 0.4 to 0.55 times. The width W2', such as 2mm. The first opening 416 has a width W3 and a length L3, which may be approximately 1 mm and 4.95 mm, respectively, and the second opening 436 has a width W4 and a length L4, the width W4 may be approximately 2.269 mm, and the length L4 may be substantially Equal to the width W1'. There are gaps S1', S2' between the adjacent first axial electrodes 412 and the adjacent second axial electrodes 432, respectively, and the gap S1' may be approximately 3 mm, and the gaps S1', S2' may be respectively The dummy electrodes 417, 437 are disposed to cause the touch panel 40 to exhibit a relatively uniform optical effect. Similarly, in order to further improve the optical uniformity of the touch panel 40, the dummy electrodes 418 and 438 may be respectively disposed in the first opening 416 and the second opening 436. The dummy electrodes 417 and 418 may be in a grid shape, and the size and shape of the grid holes are the same as those of the first axial electrodes 412, but are not limited thereto. In order to avoid high impedance effects caused by the necked-down areas or pinch points, each first opening 416 may partially overlap the two second openings 436, and the second opening 436 separates the second axial electrodes 432 to form The three branches 4322, 4324, 4326 as shown in FIG. 4C are such that current can flow evenly around the second opening 436, and the current can be evenly distributed across the branches 4322, 4324, 4326. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and each of the first openings 416 may partially overlap the plurality of second openings 436 to separate the second axial electrodes 432 from the plurality of branches.

On the other hand, according to different design considerations and production methods, the component arrangement of the touch panel can be further adjusted. For example, please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a cross-sectional view of a touch panel 50 according to an embodiment of the invention. The touch panel 50 has the same structure as the touch panel 10 in FIG. 1, and the cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 is similar to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 (ie, along the line A-A' of FIG. 1), and the same components ( That is, the transparent substrate 100 and the second conductive pattern layer 130) are denoted by the same reference numerals. The touch panel 50 is different from the touch panel 10 in that a first conductive pattern layer 510 and a second conductive pattern layer 130 are respectively formed on both sides of an insulating layer 520 and are transparent to each other. The transparent substrate 100 is bonded to the first conductive pattern layer 510, the insulating layer 520, and the second conductive pattern layer 130 by the transparent bonding layer 540. In other words, the components of the touch panel 50 are arranged in the order of the transparent substrate 100, the transparent adhesive layer 540, the first conductive pattern layer 510, the insulating layer 520, and the second conductive pattern layer 130.

In addition, please refer to FIG. 6A, which is a cross-sectional view of a touch panel 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The touch panel 60 has the same structure as the touch panel 10 in FIG. 1 , and the cross-sectional manner of FIG. 6A is similar to the cross-sectional mode of FIG. 2 (ie, along the line A-A′ of FIG. 1 ), and thus the same components. (ie, the transparent substrate 100, the first conductive pattern layer 110, and the second conductive pattern layer 130) are denoted by the same reference numerals. The difference between the touch panel 60 and the touch panel 10 is that, in the touch panel 60, the first conductive pattern layer 110 is formed on the other surface of the transparent substrate 100 facing away from the touch surface 102; the second conductive pattern layer 130 One side of the insulating layer 620 is formed, and one side of the transparent substrate 100 having the first conductive pattern layer 110 is bonded to one side of the insulating layer 620 without the second conductive pattern layer 130 through a transparent adhesive layer 640. In other words, the components of the touch panel 60 are arranged in the order of the transparent substrate 100, the first conductive pattern layer 110, the transparent adhesive layer 640, the insulating layer 620, and the second conductive pattern layer 130. Please refer to FIG. 6B. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the touch panel 60' according to an embodiment of the present invention. The touch panel 60' has the same structure as the touch panel 60 of FIG. 6A, and the cross-sectional manner of FIG. 6B is similar to that of FIG. 6A. Therefore, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. Comparing FIGS. 6A and 6B, the touch panel 60' differs from the touch panel 60 in the manner in which the insulating layer 620 is disposed. In the touch panel 60', the transparent adhesive layer 640 is formed such that one side of the transparent substrate 100 having the first conductive pattern layer 110 is bonded to one side of the insulating layer 620 having the second conductive pattern layer 130. In other words, the components of the touch panel 60' are arranged in the order of the transparent substrate 100, the first conductive pattern layer 110, the transparent adhesive layer 640, the second conductive pattern layer 130, and the insulating layer 620.

Please refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a touch panel 70 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The touch panel 70 has the same structure as the touch panel 10 in FIG. 1 , and the cross-sectional manner of FIG. 7 Similarly, the cross-sectional form of Fig. 2 (i.e., along the line A-A' in Fig. 1), the same elements (i.e., transparent substrate 100) are denoted by the same reference numerals. The touch panel 70 is different from the touch panel 10 in that a first conductive pattern layer 710 and a second conductive pattern layer 730 are respectively formed on the insulating layers 760 and 770 and transparently bonded. The layers 740 and 750 respectively bond the transparent substrate 100 to the insulating layer 760 and bond the insulating layers 760 and 770. In other words, the components of the touch panel 70 are arranged in the order of the transparent substrate 100, the transparent adhesive layer 740, the first conductive pattern layer 710, the insulating layer 760, the transparent adhesive layer 750, the second conductive pattern layer 730, and the insulating layer 770. . It should be noted that, according to the foregoing embodiment, the touch panel 70 may also be appropriately changed, for example, according to the transparent substrate 100, the transparent adhesive layer 740, the first conductive pattern layer 710, the insulating layer 760, the transparent adhesive layer 750, and the insulation. The layer 770 and the second conductive pattern layer 730 are arranged in the order of the transparent substrate 100, the transparent adhesive layer 740, the insulating layer 760, the first conductive pattern layer 710, the transparent adhesive layer 750, the second conductive pattern layer 730, and the insulating layer 770. The order is arranged in the order of the transparent substrate 100, the transparent adhesive layer 740, the insulating layer 760, the first conductive pattern layer 710, the transparent adhesive layer 750, the insulating layer 770, and the second conductive pattern layer 730.

In summary, in the present invention, the first axial electrode and the second axial electrode are respectively a grid electrode and a transparent electrode, so the touch panel is in the self-capacitance sensing mode, the first axial electrode and the first The two axial electrodes respectively output the touch signals of the same size; in the mutual capacitive sensing mode, the second axial electrodes without the mesh can effectively block the noise of the display panel and provide a large mutual capacitance change value. Therefore, the accuracy of the touch signal can be improved.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications made to the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of the present invention.

10‧‧‧Touch panel

110‧‧‧First conductive pattern layer

112‧‧‧First axial electrode

114‧‧ ‧Gon

120‧‧‧Insulation

130‧‧‧Second conductive pattern layer

132‧‧‧Second axial electrode

D1‧‧‧ first direction

D2‧‧‧ second direction

W1, W2‧‧‧ width

S1, S2‧‧ ‧ gap

Claims (18)

A touch panel includes: a transparent substrate; a first conductive pattern layer disposed on the transparent substrate, including a plurality of first axial electrodes extending along a first direction, and the plurality of first axial directions Each of the first axial electrodes of the electrode is a meshed electrode; a first insulating layer is disposed on the first conductive pattern layer; and a second conductive pattern layer is disposed on the first The insulating layer includes a plurality of second axial electrodes extending along a second direction, and each of the plurality of second axial electrodes is a transparent electrode. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of first axial electrodes is a receiving electrode, and each of the plurality of second axial electrodes has a second axial electrode. They are each a driving electrode. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the material of the grid electrode comprises at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, silver, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, niobium and magnesium, at least one of the alloys, at least a composite layer of one of the composite layers, at least one of the alloys, or at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum oxide tin, aluminum zinc oxide, nano silver, and graphene. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the material of the transparent electrode comprises at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum oxide tin, aluminum zinc oxide, nano silver, and graphene. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising a first transparent adhesive layer disposed on the transparent cover layer Between the substrate and the first conductive pattern layer. The touch panel of claim 6, wherein the first insulating layer comprises a transparent substrate. The touch panel of claim 6, further comprising a second transparent adhesive layer and a second insulating layer, wherein the second transparent adhesive layer is disposed between the first insulating layer and the second conductive pattern layer, and The second insulating layer is disposed on the second conductive pattern layer. The touch panel of claim 1 further comprising a transparent adhesive layer disposed between the first conductive pattern layer and the first insulating layer to bond the first conductive pattern layer and the first insulating layer. The touch panel of claim 1 further comprising a second insulating layer disposed on the second conductive pattern layer, wherein the first insulating layer is a transparent adhesive layer for bonding the first conductive pattern layer The second conductive pattern layer. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein each of the first axial electrodes of the plurality of first axial electrodes and each of the second axial electrodes of the plurality of second axial electrodes are strip electrodes respectively . The touch panel of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of first axial electrodes has a plurality of first openings, and each of the plurality of second axial electrodes is second The axial electrodes respectively have a plurality of second openings, wherein the area of the first opening is larger than the area of one of the grid electrodes, and the area of the second opening is larger than the area of the grid holes of the grid electrode . The touch panel of claim 12, further comprising a first dummy electrode respectively disposed on the plurality of Each of the first openings is in the first opening. The touch panel of claim 12, further comprising a second dummy electrode disposed in each of the plurality of second openings. The touch panel of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of first openings overlaps with the two second openings of the plurality of second openings. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein one of the grid-shaped electrodes is a parallelogram, and an acute angle of the parallelogram is between 45° and 90°. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the first axial electrode has a grid line width of between 4 μm and 15 μm. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein a grid pitch of the first axial electrode is between 400 μm and 2000 μm.