TW201532529A - 含有熊果酸之神經性成分的營養組成物及彼之用途 - Google Patents
含有熊果酸之神經性成分的營養組成物及彼之用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明大抵關於適合投予成人和兒科個體之包含熊果酸的營養組成物,且該營養組成物有利地提供有益健康之效果,諸如增進大腦發育及改善記憶、認知、手眼協調及增進專注力。此外,熊果酸可與其他可存在於該組成物中之大腦營養素協同作用。
Description
本發明關於適合投予成人和兒科個體之包含神經性成分的營養組成物。該神經性成分可包含熊果酸或含有熊果酸之成分。該神經性成分提供有利之健康益處,包括增進大腦發育及改善記憶、認知、手眼協調。再者,該神經性成分可與其他可存在於該組成物中之大腦營養素協同作用。
此外,本發明關於經由提供包含本文所描述之神經性成分的營養組成物來促進大腦和神經系統健康的方法。
大腦僅占總體重之2%,但其為使用高達30%之每日熱量和營養素的耗能器官。(Harris,J.J.等人,The Energetics of CNS White Matter.Jour.of.Neuroscience,Jan.2012:32(1):356-371)。人類大腦和神經系統在胎兒生命的非常早期即開始形成且兩者持續發育,直到約3
歲。此早期發育對整個大腦和神經系統的健康可具有終身影響。因此,大腦營養素可為嬰兒、兒童及孕婦和哺乳期婦女之飲食中的重要添加劑,因為其有能力促進早期之大腦發育並預防和保護大腦及神經系統免於損傷或疾病。此外,大腦營養素對成年人很重要,因為許多營養素促進神經系統修復並提供神經保護之健康益處。
熊果酸(亦稱為3-β-3-羥基-鳥蘇-12-烯-28-酸(3-beta-3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene-28-oic acid,3-β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid)、於爾松(urson)、鳥索酸(prunol)或馬洛爾(malol))為在許多植物,包括蘋果、羅勒、越桔、蔓越莓、接骨木花、薄荷、迷迭香、薰衣草、牛至、百里香、山楂及梅乾中發現的五環三萜酸。蘋果果皮含有大量的熊果酸及相關化合物。熊果酸為相當小的分子,且可能可以很容易地穿透血腦屏障,以在大腦中發揮作用。
許多營養素被認為參與支持健康的大腦發育,在營養組成物中包含神經性成分以支持大腦和神經系統的健康是有必要的。基於上述內容,熊果酸可用來作為膳食補充劑,其可被配製成用於嬰兒、兒童及成人之組成物。更具體地說,熊果酸可為有用之大腦營養素,其可被有利地配製成有利於嬰兒、兒童及成人之大腦發育的組成物。
簡單地說,於一實施態樣中,本發明針對包含熊果酸之營養組成物。
於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可進一步包含額外之大腦營養素,諸如二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、花生四烯酸(ARA)、葉黃素、白藜蘆醇及/或膽固醇。雖然不欲受限於理論,咸信,DHA可與熊果酸協同作用以促進神經生成並支持整體大腦健康和發育。
此外,於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可選擇性地包含下列群組之一或彼等之任何組合:益菌素、益生菌、鐵來源、乳鐵蛋白及/或β-葡聚醣。
由於大腦發育在生命的第一年至為關鍵,於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物為嬰兒配方或兒科營養組成物。本文所描述之營養組成物可作為用於促進患有神經變性疾病及/或腦損傷之個體中的神經健康之藥物或營養補充劑。再者,本發明之營養組成物可提供神經保護之健康益處並促進整體大腦和神經系統的健康。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明針對用於促進大腦及神經系統健康的方法,該方法包括提供目標個體包含熊果酸之營養組成物。
應理解的是,前文之一般描述及以下本發明之實施態樣的詳細描述皆旨在提供用於理解本發明所申請專利之性質及特性的概述或架構。該描述係用於解釋申請專利之標的物的原理和操作。熟習本技藝之人士在閱讀以下之揭露內容後將可輕易地明白本發明之其他和進一步特
徵及優點。
第1A圖為暴露於神經元分化條件後兩小時,
但未以神經性成分處理的人脂肪幹細胞(hADSC)(陰性對照組)的相差顯微鏡圖像。該hADSC顯現出為未分化之狀態,具有大且平坦之形態。
第1B圖為在20μM之DHA存在下hADSC
的相差顯微鏡圖像,其顯示出該hADSC發生神經元分化為神經細胞之形態(陽性對照組)。
第1C圖為在60微克/毫升之熊果酸的存在下
hADSC之相差顯微鏡圖像,其顯示出神經元形態變化和神經突長出。
第1D圖為在15微克/毫升之熊果酸和15μM
之DHA的存在下hADSC之相差顯微鏡圖像,其顯示出熊果酸和DHA對神經元分化的協同作用。
現在參考本發明之實施態樣的詳細內容,下文中列舉其一或多個實例。所提供之各實例係用於解釋本發明之營養組成物,而非限制。事實上,熟習本技藝之人士將清楚明白本發明之教示內容可在不偏離本發明之範圍或精神下做各種修改及變化。例如,所說明或描述之為一
種實施態樣之一部分的特性可與另一實施態樣一起使用以產生更進一步之實施態樣。
因此,本發明意圖涵蓋這類在所附之申請專
利範圍及其等效項之範圍內的修改和變化。本發明之其他目的、特性及態樣揭露於下列之詳細描述中或可從其中顯明。本技藝之一般技術人士將理解目前的討論僅用於描述示例性實施態樣,而不欲限制本發明之更廣泛的態樣。
本發明大抵關於包含神經性成分之營養組成
物,其中該神經性成分可包含熊果酸。此外,本發明關於經由提供目標個體含有本文所描述之神經性成分的營養組成物來支持及促進大腦和神經系統健康、神經新生、神經保護及認知發展的方法。
“營養組成物”意指滿足個體之至少一部分
營養需求的物質或調和物。在本發明之全文中,術語“營養”、“營養配方”、“腸內營養”、“營養組成物”及“營養補充劑”可交換使用來指稱為液體、粉劑、凝膠、糊劑、固體、濃縮物、懸浮液或即時使用形式之腸內配方、口服配方、嬰兒配方、兒科個體配方、兒童配方、成長奶及/或成人(諸如哺乳或懷孕婦女)配方。於特殊之實施態樣中,該營養組成物係用於兒科個體,包括嬰兒和兒童。
術語“腸內”意指通過胃腸道或消化道或在
胃腸道或消化道內。“腸內投服”包括經口餵食、胃內餵食、經幽門投服或任何其他進入消化道之投服。
“神經性成分”係指經由促進或抑制神經新
生來影響神經新生的化合物或組成物。因此,於一些實施態樣中,神經性成分促進神經新生,而於其他實施態樣中,神經性成分抑制或減少神經新生。
“兒科個體”包括嬰兒和兒童二者,本文中
係指小於13歲的人。於一些實施態樣中,兒科個體係指小於8歲之人個體。於其他實施態樣中,兒科個體係指介於約1與約6歲之間或介於約1與約3歲之間的人個體。
再於進一步之實施態樣中,兒科個體係指介於約6與約12歲之間的人個體。
“嬰兒”意指年齡在出生到不超過一歲之範圍內的人個體且包括0至12個月矯正年齡之嬰兒。“矯正年齡”一詞意指嬰兒之實足年齡減去嬰兒早產的時間量。因此,嬰兒若足月出生則矯正年齡為嬰兒的年齡。術語嬰兒包括低出生體重嬰兒、非常低出生體重嬰兒及早產兒。“早產兒”意指在妊娠第37週結束前出生的嬰兒。“足月兒”意指在妊娠第37週結束後出生之嬰兒。
“兒童”意指年齡在約12個月至約13歲之範圍內的個體。於一些實施態樣中,兒童為年齡介於1歲與12歲之間的個體。於其他實施態樣中,術語“兒童們”或“兒童”係指介於約1與約6歲之間、介於約1與約3歲之間或介於約7與約12歲之間的個體。於其他實施態樣中,術語“兒童們”或“兒童”係指介於約12個月與約13歲之間的任何年齡範圍。
“兒童營養產品”係指滿足兒童之至少一部
分營養需求的組成物。成長奶為兒童營養產品之一種實例。
“嬰兒配方”意指滿足嬰兒之至少一部分營
養需求的組成物。在美國,嬰兒配方之內容係由21C.F.R.章節100、106及107中所載之聯邦法規規定。這些法規界定大量營養素、維生素、礦物質及其他成分之量以努力模擬人類母乳之營養及其他性質。
術語“成長奶”係指欲作為多樣化飲食之一
部分以支持年齡介於約1與約6歲之間的兒童正常生長和發育的廣大類別之營養組成物。
“以乳為底質”意指包含至少一種已從哺乳
動物之乳腺提出或萃取之成分。於一些實施態樣中,以乳為底質之營養組成物包含源自馴養之有蹄類動物、反芻動物或其他哺乳動物或彼等之任何組合的乳汁成分。再者,於一些實施態樣中,以乳為底質意指包含牛酪蛋白、乳清、乳糖或彼等之任何組合。此外,“以乳為底質之營養組成物”可指包含本技藝已知之任何源自乳品或以乳為底質之產品的任何組成物。
“營養完整的”意指可作為唯一之營養來源
的組成物,該組成物可實質上提供所有每日需要量之維生素、礦物質及/或微量元素,加上蛋白質、碳水化合物和脂質。確切地,“營養完整的”描述能提供支持個體正常生長和發育所需之適量的碳水化合物、脂質、必須脂肪
酸、蛋白質、必須胺基酸、半必須胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能量的營養組成物。
因此,根據定義,對早產兒而言為“營養完
整”之營養組成物將定性且定量地提供早產兒生長所需之適量的碳水化合物、脂質、必需脂肪酸、蛋白質、必需胺基酸、半必需胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能量。
根據定義,對足月兒而言為“營養完整”之
營養組成物將定性且定量地提供足月兒生長所需之適量的全部碳水化合物、脂質、必需脂肪酸、蛋白質、必需胺基酸、半必需胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能量。
根據定義,對兒童而言為“營養完整”之營
養組成物將定性且定量地提供兒童生長所需之適量的全部碳水化合物、脂質、必需脂肪酸、蛋白質、必需胺基酸、半必需胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能量。
當應用於營養素時,術語“必需”係指身體
無法合成足夠用於正常生長及維持健康之量,因此必需由飲食供應的任何營養素。術語“半必需”當應用於營養素時意指當身體無法取得適量之前體化合物以發生內源性合成時,必需由飲食提供之營養素。
“益生菌”意指能對宿主健康發揮有益影響之具有低或無致病性的微生物。
術語“經滅活之益生菌”意指其中該益生菌有機體之代謝活性或繁殖能力已被降低或破壞的益生菌。然而,“經滅活之益生菌”之細胞層級仍保留至少一部分
其生物二醇-蛋白質及DNA/RNA結構。如本文所使用之術語“經滅活”係與“非存活”同義。更具體地說,一種經滅活之益生菌的非限制性實例為經滅活之鼠李糖乳桿菌GG(“LGG”)。
“益菌素”意指能藉由選擇性地刺激消化道
內一種或有限數量之有益的腸道細菌生長及/或活性、選擇性地減少腸道病原體或有利地影響可促進宿主之健康的腸道短鏈脂肪酸略圖來對宿主發揮有益之影響的不易消化之食品成分。
“β-葡聚醣”意指所有β-葡聚醣,包括各為
β-葡聚醣之特定類型的β-1,3-葡聚醣和β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣二者。再者,β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣為β-1,3-葡聚醣之一種類型。因此,術語“β-1,3-葡聚醣”包括β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣。
除非另有規定,本文所使用之所有百分比、
份數及比例均按總調和物之重量計。
本發明之營養組成物可實質上不含任何本文
所描述之選擇性或選定之成分。在此背景下,除非另外具體指明,術語“實質上不含”意指該所選擇之組成物中該選擇性成分之含量可能少於功能量,這類選擇性或選定之成分的含量通常少於0.1重量%,亦包括0重量%。
除非另外具體指明或明確暗示與所參考者之
背景相反,本發明中對單數特性或限制之所有引用應包括對應之複數特性或限制,反之亦然。
除非另外具體指明或明確暗示與所參考之組
合的背景相反,本文所使用之所有方法或加工步驟的組合可以任何順序執行。
本發明之組成物和方法(包括其成分)可包
含本文所描述之實施態樣的要素和限制、以及本文所描述或用於營養組成物中之任何額外或可選擇之成分、組分或限制,由上述諸項所組成或實質上由上述諸項所組成。
此處所使用之術語“約”應解釋為係指被具
體指定之兩個數字內的任何範圍。對範圍之任何引用應被視為係提供對該範圍內之任何子集的支持。
大腦和神經系統的發育在個人之整體健康和
福祉中擔任關鍵角色。因此,本發明之營養組成物促進大腦和神經系統的健康。確切地,於一些實施態樣中,提供本文所描述之神經性成分可促進神經幹祖細胞(NSPC)移行和信號轉導、增加多巴胺受體密度、支持預防記憶障礙、減少凋亡細胞的數量、減少神經元變性、增加整體大腦代謝及降低氧化壓力。
因此,於一些實施態樣中,本發明提供包含
碳水化合物來源、蛋白質來源、脂肪來源及熊果酸之營養組成物。
於一些實施態樣中,熊果酸在組成物中之存
在量可在約10毫克/100千卡至約500毫克/100千卡的範圍內。於其他實施態樣中,熊果酸之存在量可在約25毫克/100千卡至約500毫克/100千卡,或約40毫克/100千
卡至約500毫克/100千卡的範圍內。
於一些實施態樣中,該包含神經性成分之營
養組成物為適合支持正常生長,亦有利於大腦發育的營養完整配方。於某些其他實施態樣中,在該神經性成分中之營養素的組成和濃度係經過設計以模擬對人的早期發育而言是健康的水準。
包含在營養組成物中之神經性成分的營養素可
包括該營養素之功能性同等物、來源、代謝物及/或前體。這類神經性成分之營養素可為天然存在的、合成的或透過有機體及/或植物之遺傳工程操作研發,無論這類來源為現在已知的或稍後研發的。
本發明之組成物中可使用熊果酸之任何天然
來源。較佳地,熊果酸之添加來源應為源自食物或植物,或由微生物製造之食品級。此外,該熊果酸之添加來源可為複雜之混合物的一部分,其可藉由本技藝中已知之著眼於富集該熊果酸之衍生物或前體的分離及純化技術取得。
更具體地,熊果酸可從多種已知可從其中找
到熊果酸之植物來源取得。例如,熊果酸可由蘋果(包括蘋果皮)、羅勒、越桔、蔓越莓、接骨木花、薄荷、迷迭香、薰衣草、牛至、百里香、山楂及梅乾提供。
當將熊果酸與其他大腦營養素組合時可觀察到協同作用。可包含在本發明之組成物中的其他大腦營養素包括DHA、ARA、葉黃素、白藜蘆醇及膽固醇DHA。於特定之實施態樣中,本發明組成物中包含熊果酸和
DHA可對神經新生提供有益之協同作用並促進大腦和神經系統之發育和健康。
此外,該神經性成分可藉由本技藝中所熟知
之任何方法加入或納入營養組成物中。於一些實施態樣中,可將神經性成分添加在營養組成物中,以補充該營養組成物。例如,於一實施態樣中,可將該神經性成分添加在市售之嬰兒配方中。例如可在Enfalac、Enfamil®、Enfamil®Premature Formula、Enfamil® with Iron、Enfamil®LIPIL®、Lactofree®、Nutramigen®、Pregestimil®及ProSobee®(可從美國伊利諾州Glenview,Mead Johnson公司取得)中輔以合適量之神經性成分,並用於實行本發明。
於其他實施態樣中,該神經性成分可用於取
代另一不含有該神經性成分之營養素的營養素來源。例如,可將某種量之不含有該神經性成分的脂肪來源以另一含有該神經性成分之營養素的脂肪來源取代。再於其他實施態樣中,該通常被添加在營養組成物中之成分的來源可被加以改變,從而使所選擇之來源同時提供該通常被添加在營養組成物中之成分及該神經性組成物之營養素。
於一些實施態樣中,可將該神經性成分包含
在產前飲食補充劑中。該神經性成分可藉由本技藝中已知之任何方法納入產前飲食補充劑中。產前投服該神經性成分可直接影響胎兒和胚胎之發育。由於大腦發育係在產前生命早期開始,在產前飲食補充劑中納入神經性成分可促
進仍然在子宮內之兒科個體的大腦發育及神經新生。
方便的是,可使用市售之產前飲食補充劑及/
或產前營養產品。例如,可在Expecta®Supplement(可從美國伊利諾州Glenview,Mead Johnson公司取得)中輔以合適量之神經性成分並用於實行本發明。
該產前飲食補充劑可每天在一或多個劑量投
服。於一些實施態樣中,該產前飲食補充劑係每天在兩個劑量中投服。於一分別之實施態樣中,該產前飲食補充劑係每天在三個劑量中投服。該產前飲食補充劑可投予孕婦或哺乳期婦女。
任何口服可接受之劑型均在本發明之考量
內。這類劑型之實例包括,但不限於丸劑、片劑、膠囊、軟膠囊、液體、液體濃縮物、粉劑、酏劑、溶液、懸浮液、乳劑、錠劑、小珠、扁囊劑及彼等之組合。或者,可將本發明之產前飲食補充劑添加在更完整之營養產品中。
於本實施態樣中,該營養產品可含有蛋白質、脂肪和碳水化合物成分,且可用於補充飲食或可作為營養之唯一來源。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含至少
一種碳水化合物來源。該碳水化合物來源可為任何本技藝中所使用者,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、玉米糖漿固體、麥芽糊精、蔗糖、澱粉、稻米糖漿固體及類似物。在該營養組成物中之碳水化合物成分的量通常可在約5克/100千卡與約25克/100千卡之間變化。於一些實施態樣中,該
碳水化合物之量係介於約6克/100千卡與約22克/100千卡之間。於其他實施態樣中,該碳水化合物之量係介於約12克/100千卡與約14克/100千卡之間。於一些實施態樣中,玉米糖漿固體為較佳者。再者,水解、部分水解及/或經高度水解之碳水化合物可能較利於被納入該營養組成物中,因為它們容易消化。具體而言,水解之碳水化合物較不可能含有過敏性表面結合部位。
適合用於本發明之碳水化合物物質的非限制
性實例包括水解的或完整的、天然或經化學改質之來自玉米、木薯、稻米或馬鈴薯之糯或非糯形式澱粉。合適之碳水化合物的非限制性實例包括各種被稱為水解玉米澱粉、麥芽糊精、麥芽糖、玉米糖漿、右旋糖、玉米糖漿固體、葡萄糖及各種其他葡萄糖聚合物的水解澱粉及彼等之組合。其他合適之碳水化合物的非限制性實例包括那些通常稱為蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、高果糖玉米糖漿、難消化之寡醣(諸如果寡醣)者及彼等之組合。
再者,本發明之營養組成物可包含至少一種
蛋白質來源。該蛋白質來源可為本技藝中所使用之任何蛋白質來源,例如脫脂乳、乳清蛋白、酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、水解蛋白、胺基酸,等。用於實行本發明之牛乳蛋白來源包括,但不限於乳蛋白粉、乳蛋白濃縮物、乳蛋白分離物、脫脂乳固體、脫脂乳、脫脂乾乳、乳清蛋白、乳清蛋白分離物、乳清蛋白濃縮物、甜乳清、酸乳清、酪蛋白、酸酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸鹽(例如酪蛋白酸鈉、酪蛋白酸鈣
鈉、酪蛋白酸鈣)、大豆蛋白及彼等之任何組合。
於該營養組成物之一特殊實施態樣中,該蛋
白質來源之乳清:酪蛋白比例類似於在人類母乳中所發現者。於一實施態樣中,該蛋白質來源包含約40%至約85%之乳清蛋白及約15%至約60%之酪蛋白。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含每100
千卡約1克至約7克之蛋白質來源。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含每100千卡約3.5克至約4.5克之蛋白質。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物之蛋白質
係以完整蛋白質之形式提供。於其他實施態樣中,該蛋白質係以完整蛋白質和水解蛋白(水解度為約4%至10%)兩種形式提供。於某些其他實施態樣中,該蛋白質之水解度更高。再於其他實施態樣中,該蛋白質來源包含胺基酸。再於另一實施態樣中,該蛋白質來源可被輔以含有麩胺醯胺之肽。於另一實施態樣中,該蛋白質成分包含高度水解之蛋白。再於另一實施態樣中,該營養組成物之蛋白質成分實質上由高度水解之蛋白質所組成,以將食物過敏的發生減至最少。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物之蛋白質
成分包含部分或高度水解之蛋白質,諸如來自牛乳之蛋白質。該蛋白質可以酶處理以分解一些或大部分引起不良症狀之蛋白質,目的是減少過敏反應、不耐症及致敏化。再者,該蛋白質可藉由本技藝中已知之任何方法進行水解。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物實
質上不含完整蛋白質。在此背景下,術語“實質上不含”意指本文之較佳實施態樣包含之完整蛋白質的濃度足夠低,從而使該配方成為低過敏性。根據本發明之營養組成物實質上不含完整蛋白質,從而為低敏性的程度係藉由美國兒科學會2000年8月之政策聲明確定,該政策聲明中係將低過敏性配方定義為當在前瞻性隨機、雙盲,安慰劑對照試驗中將此配方給予被確診為牛奶過敏的嬰兒或兒童時,該低過敏性配方在適當之臨床研究中顯示出在95%信賴水準下不會在90%之已確診為牛奶過敏的嬰兒或兒童中引發反應。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可不含蛋
白質且含有游離胺基酸作為蛋白質等效源。於一些實施態樣中,該胺基酸可包含,但不限於組胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、賴胺酸、甲硫胺酸、半胱胺酸、苯丙胺酸、酪胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、纈胺酸、丙胺酸、精胺酸、天門冬醯胺、天門冬胺酸、麩胺酸、麩胺醯胺、甘胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺酸、肉鹼、牛磺酸及彼等之混合物。於一些實施態樣中,該胺基酸可為支鏈胺基酸。於某些其他實施態樣中,可包含小胺基酸肽類作為該營養組成物之蛋白質成分。這類小胺基酸肽類可為天然產生或合成的。在該營養組成物中之游離胺基酸的量可在約1克/100千卡至約5克/100千卡之間變化。
該營養組成物亦可包含脂肪來源。用於本發
明之營養組成物的合適脂肪或脂質來源可為任何本技藝中所已知或使用者,包括,但不限於動物來源,例如乳脂肪、奶油、奶油脂肪、蛋黃脂質;海洋來源,諸如魚油、海洋生物油、單細胞油;蔬菜和植物油,諸如玉米油、芥花油、葵花油、大豆油、棕櫚油、椰子油、高油酸葵花油、月見草油、菜籽油、橄欖油、亞麻仁(亞麻籽)油、棉籽油、高油酸紅花油、棕櫚油硬脂、棕櫚仁油、小麥胚芽油;中鏈三酸甘油酯油和脂肪酸之乳劑和酯類;以及彼等之任何組合。
於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物可含有一或
多種益生菌。本實施態樣中可接受本技藝中已知之任何益生菌。於一特定之實施態樣中,該益生菌可選自下列群組中之任一者:乳酸桿菌種(Lactobacillus species)、鼠李糖乳桿菌GG(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG)(ATCC編號53103)、雙岐桿菌種(Bifidobacterium species)、長雙岐桿菌BB536(Bifidobacterium longum BB536)(BL999,ATCC:BAA-999)、長雙岐桿菌AH1206(NCIMB:41382)、短雙岐桿菌AH1205(Bifidobacterium breve AH1205)(NCIMB:41387)、嬰兒雙岐桿菌35624(Bifidobacterium infantis 35624)(NCIMB:41003)及動物雙歧桿菌乳亞種BB-12(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12)(DSM編號10140)或彼等之任何組合。
若包含在組成物中,該益生菌之量可在每100
千卡約1×104至約1.5×1010cfu之益生菌間變化,更佳為每100千卡約1×106至約1×109cfu之益生菌。於某些其他實施例中,該益生菌之量可在約1×107cfu/100千卡至約1×108cfu/100千卡間變化。
於一實施態樣中,該益生菌可為可存活的或
無法存活的。如本文所使用之術語“可存活的”係指活的微生物。術語“無法存活的”或“無法存活的益生菌”係指無法存活之益生菌微生物、彼等之細胞成分及/或彼等之代謝物。這類無法存活的益生菌可能已經過熱滅殺或以其他方式滅活,但其保留能有利地影響宿主健康的能力。
可用於本發明中之益生菌可為天然產生的、合成的或透過有機體之遺傳工程操作研發的,無論這類新來源為現在已知的或稍後研發的。
於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物亦可含有
一或多種益菌素(亦稱為益菌素來源)。益菌素可刺激攝入之益生菌微生物的生長及/或活性、選擇性地減少在腸道中發現之病原體及有利地影響腸道短鏈脂肪酸之變化形廓。這類益菌素可為天然產生的、合成的或透過有機體及/或植物之遺傳工程操作研發,無論這類新來源為現在已知的或稍後研發的。可用於本發明中之益菌素可包括寡醣、多醣及其他含有果糖、木糖、大豆、半乳糖、葡萄糖及甘露糖之益菌素。
更具體地說,可用於本發明中之益菌素可包
括聚右旋糖、聚右旋糖粉、乳果糖、乳果寡醣、棉籽糖、
葡萄寡醣、菊糖、果寡醣、異麥芽寡醣、大豆寡醣、乳果寡醣、木寡醣、殼寡醣、甘露寡醣、阿拉伯寡醣、涎酸寡醣、岩藻寡醣(fuco-oligosaccharide)、半乳寡醣及龍膽寡醣(gentio-oligosaccharide)。於一些實施態樣中,存在於該營養組成物中之益菌素總量可為約0.1克/100千卡至約1克/100千卡。於某些實施態樣中,存在於該營養組成物中之益菌素總量可為約0.3克/100千卡至約0.7克/100千卡。再者,該營養組成物可包含含有聚右旋糖(“PDX”)及/或半乳寡醣(“GOS”)之益菌素成分。
於一些實施態樣中,該益菌素成分包含至少20%之GOS、PDX或彼等之混合物。
若將PDX用於益菌素組成物中,於一實施態
樣中,該營養組成物中之PDX的量可在約0.1克/100千卡至約1克/100千卡的範圍內。於另一實施態樣中,該聚右旋糖的量可在約0.2克/100千卡至約0.6克/100千卡的範圍內。再於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之PDX的量可為約0.1毫克/100千卡至約0.5毫克/100千卡、或約0.3毫克/100千卡。
若將GOS用於益菌素組成物中,於一實施態
樣中,該營養組成物中之GOS的量可為約0.1克/100千卡至約1克/100千卡。於另一實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之GOS的量可為約0.2克/100千卡至約0.5克/100千卡。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之GOS的量可為約0.1毫克/100千卡至約1.0毫克/100千卡、或約0.1
毫克/100千卡至約0.5毫克/100千卡。
於該營養組成物之一特殊實施態樣中係將
PDX與GOS一起投服。於本實施態樣中,所投服之PDX和GOS的PDX:GOS比可為約9:1至1:9。於另一實施態樣中,該PDX:GOS比可為約5:1至1:5。再於另一實施態樣中,該PDX:GOS比可為約1:3和3:1。於一特殊之實施態樣中,該PDX對GOS之比例可為約5:5。於另一特殊之實施態樣中,該PDX對GOS之比例可為約8:2。
於一特殊之實施態樣中,該營養組成物中係
輔以總量為至少約0.2毫克/100千卡,或約0.2毫克/100千卡至約1.5毫克/100千卡之GOS和PDX。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含總量為約0.6至約0.8毫克/100千卡之GOS和PDX。
如所指出者,所揭示之營養組成物可包含β-
葡聚醣來源。葡聚醣為多醣類,具體地說為葡萄糖之聚合物,其為天然產生且可在細菌、酵母菌、真菌及植物之細胞壁中找到。乙型葡聚醣(β-葡聚醣)本身為葡萄糖聚合物的不同子集,其係由經由β型糖苷鍵鏈接在一起以形成複合碳水化合物的葡萄糖單體鏈所組成。
β-1,3-葡聚醣為從,例如酵母菌、蘑菇、細
菌、藻類或穀物純化之碳水化合物聚合物。(Stone BA,Clarke AE.Chemistry and Biology of(1-3)-Beta-Glucans.London:Portland Press Ltd;1993。)β-1,3-葡聚醣之化學
結構係取決於該β-1,3-葡聚醣之來源。再者,各種理化參數(諸如溶解度、一級結構、分子量及分支)在β-1,3-葡聚醣之生物活性中具有作用(Yadomae T.,Structure and biological activities of fungal beta-1,3-glucans.Yakugaku Zasshi.2000;120:413-431。)
β-1,3-葡聚醣為帶有或不帶有β-1,6-葡萄糖側鏈之天然多醣,其可在各種植物、酵母菌、真菌及細菌之細胞壁中發現。β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣為那些包含帶有(1,3)鏈接之葡萄糖單位者,其具有連接在位置(1,6)處之側鏈。β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣為一群分享結構共性(包括藉由β-1,3鍵鏈接之直鏈葡萄糖單位骨幹,其帶有從此骨幹延伸之經β-1,6鏈接之葡萄糖分支)的異質性葡萄糖聚合物。雖然這是目前描述之β-葡聚醣類別的基本結構,其中可能存有一些變化。例如,某些酵母菌β-葡聚醣具有從β(1,6)分支延伸之其他β(1,3)分支區,這進一步增加其各別結構之複雜性。
源自麵包酵母(釀酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae))之β-葡聚醣係由連接在位置1和3之D-葡萄糖分子的鏈所組成,其具有連接在位置1和6處之葡萄糖側鏈。源自酵母菌之β-葡聚醣為具有葡萄糖單位之一般直鏈結構的不溶性、纖維狀複糖,此結構具有β-1,3骨幹,其間穿插長度通常為6-8個葡萄糖單位之β-1,6側鏈。更具體地說,源自麵包酵母之β-葡聚醣為聚-(1,6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1,3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖。
此外,β-葡聚醣之耐受性良好且不會在兒科
個體內產生或引起過量氣體、腹脹(abdominal distension)、脹氣(bloating)或腹瀉。在用於兒科個體之營養組成物(諸如嬰兒配方、成長奶或其他兒童營養產品)中添加β-葡聚醣將可經由增加對抗入侵病原體的抗性來改善個體之免疫反應,從而維持或改善整體健康。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之β-葡
聚醣的量係介於約3毫克/100千卡與約17毫克/100千卡之間。於另一實施態樣中,該β-葡聚醣之量係介於約6毫克/100千卡與約17毫克/100千卡之間。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含β-
1,3;1,6-葡聚醣。該β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣係源自麵包酵母。該營養組成物可包含全葡聚醣顆粒β-葡聚醣、微粒β-葡聚醣、PGG-葡聚醣(聚-1,6-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-1,3-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖)或彼等之任何混合物。
本發明之營養組成物可包含乳鐵蛋白。乳鐵
蛋白為約80kD之單鏈多肽,根據物種而含有1-4個葡聚醣。不同物種之乳鐵蛋白的3-D結構非常相似,但不完全相同。各乳鐵蛋白包含兩個同源小葉,稱為N-及C-小葉,其分別指該分子之N-端和C-端部分。各小葉進一步由兩個形成裂縫之子葉或結構域所組成,在此裂縫中該三價鐵離子(Fe3+)被緊密鍵合,與碳酸(氫)根陰離子協同合作。這些結構域分別稱為N1、N2、C1及C2。乳鐵蛋白之N端具有負責一些重要的結合特性之強陽離子肽
區。乳鐵蛋白具有非常高之等電點(~pI9)且其陽離子性質在其防禦細菌、病毒及真菌病原體的能力中扮演主要角色。在乳鐵蛋白之N-端區內有幾個陽離子性胺基酸殘基簇,其介導該乳鐵蛋白對抗多種微生物之生物活性。
用於本發明之乳鐵蛋白可,例如從非人之動物的乳汁中分離出,或由經遺傳工程修飾之有機體製造。於一些實施態樣中,本文所描述之口服電解質溶液可包含非人乳鐵蛋白、由經遺傳工程修飾之有機體製造之非人乳鐵蛋白及/或由經遺傳工程修飾之有機體製造之人乳鐵蛋白。
用於本發明之合適的非人乳鐵蛋白包括,但不限於那些與人乳鐵蛋白之胺基酸序列具有至少48%之同源性者。例如,牛乳鐵蛋白(“bLF”)之胺基酸組成與人乳鐵蛋白之胺基酸組成具有約70%之序列同源性。於一些實施態樣中,該非人乳鐵蛋白與人乳鐵蛋白具有至少65%之同源性,且於一些實施態樣中,具有至少75%之同源性。本發明可接受使用之非人乳鐵蛋白,包括,但不限於牛乳鐵蛋白、豬乳鐵蛋白、馬乳鐵蛋白、水牛乳鐵蛋白、山羊乳鐵蛋白、鼠乳鐵蛋白及駱駝乳鐵蛋白。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物包含非人乳鐵蛋白,例如bLF。bLF為屬於鐵轉運子或轉移族的糖蛋白。其係從牛乳中分離出,bLF為牛乳中之乳清的一種成分。人乳鐵蛋白和bLF中之胺基酸序列、糖基化樣式及與鐵結合之能力之間存在已知之差異。此外,有多
個及一系列參與從牛奶分離出bLF之處理步驟會影響所產生的bLF製劑之理化性質。據報導,人乳鐵蛋白及bLF於結合人體小腸中所發現之乳鐵蛋白受體的能力上亦有差異。
雖然不欲受此理論或任何其他理論束縛,咸
信,自全脂乳中分離出之bLF所具有的原始結合的脂多醣(LPS)較那些自全脂奶粉中分離出之bLF所具者少。此外,咸信,具有低體細胞數之bLF具有較少之原始結合的LPS。具有較少之原始結合之LPS的bLF之表面上具有較多可用的結合位點。這被認為有助於bLF結合至適當的位置並破壞感染過程。
適合用於本發明之bLF可藉由本技藝已知之
任何方法製造。例如,在美國專利第4,791,193號(其全文以引用方式納入本文)中,Okonogi等人揭示用於製造高純度之牛乳鐵蛋白的方法。一般而言,所揭示之過程包括三個步驟。先將生乳材料與弱酸性陽離子交換劑接觸以吸收乳鐵蛋白,再進行第二步驟,在此步驟中進行清洗以將未被吸收之物質除去。接著為解吸附步驟,在此步驟中移除乳鐵蛋白以製造純化之牛乳鐵蛋白。其他方法可包括如美國專利第7,368,141、5,849,885、5,919,913和5,861,491號(其全部揭露內容以引用方式納入本文)中所描述之步驟。
用於某些實施態樣中之乳鐵蛋白可為任何自
全脂乳中分離出及/或具有低體細胞數之乳鐵蛋白,其中
“低體細胞數”係指體細胞計數少於20萬細胞/毫升。舉
例而言,合適之乳鐵蛋白可從紐西蘭Morrinsville之Tatua合作乳業有限公司、荷蘭Amersfoort之FrieslandCampina Domo或紐西蘭奧克蘭之Fonterra合作集團有限公司取得。
令人驚訝地,本發明中所包含之乳鐵蛋白即
使暴露於預料將破壞或嚴重限制人乳鐵蛋白之穩定性或活性的低pH值(即,低於約7,甚至是低至約4.6或更低)及/或高溫(即,高於約65℃,且高達約120℃)條件下仍可維持相關活性。在某些用於本文所描述之營養組成物類型的處理方案期間可預期到這些低pH值及/或高溫條件(諸如巴斯德氏殺菌法)。因此,即使在處理方案後,乳鐵蛋白仍具有對抗人體腸道中所發現之不利的細菌性病原體的殺菌活性。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含約25毫克/100毫升至約150毫克/100毫升之乳鐵蛋白量。於其他實施態樣中,乳鐵蛋白之存在量為約60毫克/100毫升至約120毫克/100毫升。再於其他實施態樣中,乳鐵蛋白之存在量為約85毫克/100毫升至約110毫克/100毫升。
本發明之營養組成物亦可含有長鏈多元不飽
和脂肪酸(“LCPUFA”)之來源。合適之LCPUFA包括,但不限於DHA、二十碳五烯酸(“EPA”)、ARA、n-6通路中之亞油酸(18:2 n-6)、γ-亞麻酸(18:3 n-6)、二高-γ-亞麻酸(20:3 n-6)、α-亞麻酸(18:3 n-
3)、十八碳四烯酸(18:4 n-3)、二十碳四烯酸(20:4 n-3)、二十碳五烯酸(20:5 n-3)及二十二碳五烯酸(22:6 n-3)。
較有利的,該營養組成物中之LCPUFA的量
為至少約5毫克/100千卡,且可在約5毫克/100千卡至約100毫克/100千卡之間變化,更佳為約10毫克/100千卡至約50毫克/100千卡。
LCPUFA之來源包括乳製品,像蛋及奶油;海
洋油,諸如鱈魚、鯡魚、沙丁魚、鮪魚及許多其他魚類;某些動物脂肪、豬油、牛脂及微生物油(諸如真菌和藻類油),或任何其他可從其中取得LCPUFA並用於營養組成物中的來源(經強化或未經強化的)。該LCPUFA可為複雜之混合物的一部分,其可藉由本技藝中已知之著眼於富集這類混合物中之LCPUFA及LCPUFA之衍生物或前體的分離技術取得。
該LCPUFA可以下列形式提供於該營養組成
物中:游離脂肪酸酯;單酸甘油酯、二酸甘油酯及三酸甘油酯;磷酸甘油酯,包括卵磷脂;及/或彼等之混合物。
此外,LCPUFA可以磷脂,尤其是磷脂醯膽鹼形式提供在該營養組成物中。
於一實施態樣中,特別是若該營養組成物為
嬰兒配方時,該營養組成物被輔以DHA和ARA二者。於此實施態樣中,該ARA:DHA之重量比可為約1:3至約9:1。於一特殊之實施態樣中,該ARA:DHA之比為約
1:2至約4:1。
較有利的,於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成
物中之DHA的存在量為至少約17毫克/100千卡,且可在約5毫克/100千卡至約75毫克/100千卡之間變化。於一些實施態樣中,DHA之存在量為約10毫克/100千卡至約50毫克/100千卡。
該營養組成物可使用本技藝中已知之標準技
術輔以含有DHA及/或ARA之油。例如,可經由取代等量之通常存在於該組成物中的油(諸如高油酸葵花油)來將DHA及ARA添加在該組成物中。另一實例為經由取代等量之通常存在於不含DHA和ARA之組成物中的總體脂肪摻合物之其餘部分來將該含有DHA和ARA之油添加到組成物中。
若使用DHA及/或ARA時,該DHA及/或
ARA之來源可為本技藝中已知之任何來源,諸如海洋油、魚油、單細胞油、蛋黃脂質及腦脂質。於一些實施態樣中,該DHA和ARA係源自單細胞Martek油、DHASCO®及ARASCO®或彼等之多種變化。該DHA和ARA可為天然形式,其先決條件為該LCPUFA來源的其餘部分不會對嬰兒造成任何實質的有害影響。或者,可使用精製形式之DHA和ARA。
於一實施態樣中,該DHA和ARA之來源為
如美國專利案第5,374,657;5,550,156;及5,397,591號(其揭示內容全文以引用方式併入本文)中所教示之單細
胞油。然而,本發明並不僅限於該類油。
此外,該營養組成物之一些實施態樣可模擬
人類母乳之某些特性。然而,為了滿足一些個體的特定營養需求,該營養組成物所包含之某些營養成分的量可較人乳所含有者更多。例如,該營養組成物所包含之DHA的量可較人類母乳所包含者更多。該營養組成物中所增加之DHA含量可以彌補現有之DHA的營養不足。
於一些實施態樣中,本文所描述之本發明的
營養組成物亦可包含有效量之鐵。該鐵可包含包封在膠囊中之鐵的形式,諸如包封在膠囊中之富馬酸亞鐵或包封在膠囊中之硫酸亞鐵,或活性較低之鐵的形式,諸如焦磷酸鐵或正磷酸鐵。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物進
一步包含葉黃素。除非另外具體指明,如本文所使用之葉黃素係指下列群組中之一或多項:游離葉黃素、葉黃素酯、葉黃素鹽或其他具有如本文所描述或另外表明之相關結構的葉黃素衍生物。於一些實施態樣中,葉黃素之存在量為約0.343毫克/100千卡至約6.0毫克/100千卡。再於其他實施態樣中,葉黃素之存在量為約1.0毫克/100千卡至約4.0毫克/100千卡。
用於本發明之葉黃素來源包括,但不限於富
含類胡蘿蔔素之植物來源,包括,但不限於奇異果、葡萄、柑橘、番茄、西瓜、木瓜及其他紅色水果,或深綠色蔬菜,諸如甘藍、菠菜、青蘿蔔、羽衣甘藍、蘿蔓生菜、
西蘭花、西葫蘆、豌豆和抱子甘藍、菠菜及胡蘿蔔。此外,葉黃素之來源包括其他植物及任何其他可自其中取得葉黃素並用於營養組成物中的來源(經強化或未經強化的)。該葉黃素可為複雜之混合物的一部分,其可藉由本技藝中已知之著眼於富集這類混合物中之葉黃素及葉黃素的衍生物或前體之分離技術取得。
用於本發明之葉黃素包括任何已知之用於口
服營養品(包括嬰兒配方)的天然或合成來源,或為其他可接受之來源。葉黃素來源可以個別成分之形式提供或與其他物質或來源組合,包括,諸如多種維生素預混劑、混合之類胡蘿蔔素預混劑、純葉黃素來源及嬰兒配方中所固有之葉黃素成分等來源。如本文所描述之葉黃素濃度和比例可根據所添加及固有之葉黃素來源二者計算。於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物為嬰兒配方,其包含之總葉黃素中至少約10%、25%,更佳為約50%至約95%(按重量計)為固有葉黃素。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物為嬰兒配方,較佳地,其包含至少約85%(按總葉黃素之重量計)之固有葉黃素。
於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含玉
米黃質(zeaxanthin)。於一些實施態樣中,玉米黃質之存在量可為約0.143毫克/100千卡至約4.0毫克/100千卡。於其他實施態樣中,玉米黃質之存在量可為約0.50毫克/100千卡至約3.0毫克/100千卡。再於其他實施態樣中,玉米黃質之存在量可為約1.5毫克/100千卡至約2.5
毫克/100千卡。適合被包含在該營養組成物中之玉米黃質包括,但不限於內消旋-玉米黃質(3R,3’S)及其他立體異構物,諸如(3R,3R’)和(3S,3’S)。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含葉黃素及玉米黃質。葉黃素對玉米黃質之比例可在95:5至5:95之範圍內。
本發明之營養組成物中亦可存有膽固醇。於
一些實施態樣中,膽固醇之存在量為約1毫克/100千卡至約100毫克/100千卡。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之膽固醇的存在量為約5毫克/100千卡至約25毫克/100千卡。於其他實施態樣中,膽固醇之存在量為約15毫克/100千卡至約40毫克/100千卡。再於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之膽固醇的存在量為約50毫克/100千卡至約75毫克/100千卡。
於一實施態樣中,用於本發明之膽固醇來源
包括,但不限於乳汁、其他乳製品、蛋、肉、牛脂、家禽、魚類、貝類及任何其他可自其中取得膽固醇並用於營養組成物中之來源(經強化的或未經強化)。膽固醇之來源亦包括前體,諸如角鯊烯、羊毛固醇、二甲基固醇、C-4單甲基固醇(methostenol)、7-烯膽固醇(lathosterol)及24-脫氫膽固醇(desmosterol)。膽固醇可為複雜之混合物的一部分,其可藉由本技藝中已知之著眼於富集該類混合物中之膽固醇及膽固醇之衍生物或前體之分離技術取得。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物包
含白藜蘆醇。白藜蘆醇之存在量可為約5毫克/100千卡至約120毫克/100千卡。於其他實施態樣中,白藜蘆醇之存在量可為約9毫克/100千卡至約60毫克/100千卡。
用於本發明之白藜蘆醇來源包括,但不限於
源自植物之萃取物,包括,但不限於蘋果萃取物及葡萄籽萃取物。此外,富含適合用於本發明之營養組成物的白藜蘆醇之植物的非限制性實例包括:漿果(巴西莓、葡萄、山桑子、藍莓、越橘(lingonberry)、黑加侖、野櫻莓、黑莓、覆盆子、櫻桃、紅醋栗、蔓越莓、岩高蘭、雲莓、越橘(whortleberry)、花楸漿果(rowanberry))、紫玉米、紫薯、紫胡蘿蔔、紅心地瓜、紅捲心菜、茄子。白藜蘆醇可為複雜之混合物的一部分,其可藉由本技藝中已知之著眼於富集該類混合物中之白藜蘆醇及白藜蘆醇之衍生物或前體的分離技術取得。
不欲受限於任何特定理論,咸信,DHA、葉
黃素、白藜蘆醇及/或膽固醇與神經性成分之組合可對大腦和神經系統具有加成及/或協同之健康益處。於某些實施態樣中,該包含DHA、葉黃素、膽固醇、乳脂肪及/或白藜蘆醇和彼等之混合物的營養組成物可與該神經性成分之營養素協同作用以促進神經細胞組織中之神經新生。
本發明之營養組成物可以本技藝中已知之任
何形式提供,諸如粉劑、凝膠、懸浮液、糊劑、固體、液體、液體濃縮物、可重構成之奶粉替代品或即時使用之產品。於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含營養補充
劑、兒童營養產品、嬰兒配方、人乳強化劑、成長奶或任何其他經過設計之用於嬰兒或兒科個體的營養組成物。本發明之營養組成物包括,例如經口攝入,促進健康之物質,包括,例如食品、飲料、片劑、膠囊和粉劑。再者,本發明之營養組成物可被標準化成特定之卡路里含量,其可以即時使用之產品形式提供或可以濃縮形式提供。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物為粉劑形式,其粒徑係在5微米至1500微米之範圍內,更佳為在10微米至300微米之範圍內。
若該營養組成物為即時使用產品之形式,該
營養組成物之滲透重量莫耳濃度可介於約100和約1100毫滲透重量莫耳濃度/公斤水之間,更典型為約200至約700毫滲透莫耳濃度/公斤水。
於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物為低過敏
性。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物為符合猶太教規的食品(kosher)及/或符合穆斯林教規的食品(halal)。再於進一步之實施態樣中,該營養組成物含有非經遺傳工程修飾之成分。於一實施態樣中,該營養調合物不含蔗糖。
該營養組成物亦可不含乳糖。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物不含有任何中鏈三酸甘油酯油。於一些實施態樣中,該組成物中不存有角叉菜膠。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物不含有所有樹膠。
本發明之營養組成物並不限於包含本文中具
體表列之營養素的組成物。任何營養素均可以該組成物之
一部分的形式投遞,以滿足個體之營養需求及/或優化個體中之營養狀態。
再者,於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物為營養完整的,其含有欲作為個體唯一之營養來源的合適類型及量之脂質、碳水化合物、蛋白質、維生素及礦物質。確切的說,該營養組成物可選擇地包含任意數量之蛋白質、肽、胺基酸、脂肪酸、益生菌及/或彼等之代謝副產物、益菌素、碳水化合物及任何可提供個體許多營養和生理助益之其他營養素或其他化合物。此外,本發明之營養組成物可包含香料、香料增强劑、甜味劑、色素、維生素、礦物質、治療成分、功能性食品成分、食品成分、加工成分或彼等之組合。
本發明之營養組成物可被標準化成特定之卡路里含量,其可以即時使用之產品形式提供,或者其可以濃縮形式提供。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物為成長奶。成長奶為欲用於1歲以上(通常為1-3歲、4-6歲、或1-6歲)之兒童的經強化之以乳為底質的飲品。其不為醫療食品,且不欲作為代餐或補充劑來解決特殊之營養缺乏。相反地,成長奶之設計係欲作為多樣化飲食的補充劑,以提供兒童達到持續性每日攝入所有必需維生素和礦物質、大量營養素加上額外之功能性膳食成分(諸如那些具有聲稱之促進健康特性的非必需營養素)的額外保障。
根據在地法規及所欲族群之膳食攝入信息,
根據本發明之營養組成物的確切組成在各市場之間可有所變化。於一些實施態樣中,根據本發明之營養組成物係由乳蛋白來源(諸如全脂或脫脂奶),加上用於取得所需之感官性質而添加之糖和甜味劑,以及添加的維生素和礦物質所組成。該脂肪組成物通常係源自乳汁原料。總蛋白之目標可設定為符合人乳、牛乳之數值或較低之數值。總碳水化合物之目標通常設定為提供盡可能少之添加的糖(諸如蔗糖或果糖)來取得可接受的味道。通常,維生素A、鈣及維生素D之添加量為符合區域牛奶的營養貢獻。另外,於一些實施態樣中,維生素和礦物質之添加量可為每一份量提供約20%之膳食參考攝入量(DRI)或20%之日需值(DV)。再者,根據經鑑定之所欲族群的營養需求、原料貢獻和地區規定,不同市場間之營養數值可有所變化。
該營養組成物中亦可添加一或多種足量之維
生素及/或礦物質以供應個體之每日營養需求。本技藝之一般技術人士應理解維生素及礦物質之需求將根據,例如兒童的年齡而有所不同。例如,嬰兒之維生素和礦物質需求可能與年齡介於1至13歲之間的兒童不同。因此,本實施態樣並不欲將該營養組成物限制在特定之年齡組,而是提供可接受之維生素和礦物質成分的範圍。
於提供用於兒童之營養組成物的實施態樣
中,該組成物可選擇地包括,但不限於一或多種下列維生
素或彼等之衍生物:維生素B1(硫胺素、焦磷酸硫胺素(TPP)、三磷酸硫胺素(TPP)、鹽酸硫胺素、單硝酸硫胺素)、維生素B2(核黃素(riboflavin)、黃素單核苷酸(FMN)、黃素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)、乳黃素(lactoflavin)、卵黃素(ovoflavin))、維生素B3(菸鹼酸(niacin)、菸鹼酸(nicotinic acid)、菸醯胺(nicotinamide)、菸鹼醯胺(niacinamide)、菸醯胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、菸鹼酸單核苷酸(NicMN)、吡啶-3-羧酸)、維生素B3前體色胺酸、維生素B6(吡哆醇、吡哆醛、吡哆胺、鹽酸吡哆醇)、泛酸(泛酸鹽、泛醇)、葉酸鹽(葉酸、葉酸(folacin)、蝶醯麩胺酸(pteroylglutamic acid))、維生素B12(鈷胺素、甲鈷胺素、脫氧腺苷鈷胺素、氰鈷胺素、羥鈷胺素、腺苷鈷胺素)、生物素、維生素C(抗壞血酸)、維生素A(視黃醇、醋酸視黃酯、棕櫚酸視黃酯、具其他長鏈脂肪酸之視黃酯、視黃醛、視黃酸、視黃醇酯)、維生素D(骨化醇、膽骨化醇、維生素D3、1,25-二羥基維生素D)、維生素E(α-生育酚、醋酸α-生育酚、琥珀酸α-生育酚、菸鹼酸α-生育酚、α-生育酚)、維生素K(維生素K1、葉綠醌、萘醌、維生素K2、甲萘醌(menaquinone)-7、維生素K3、甲萘醌-4、甲萘醌(menadione)、甲萘醌-8、甲萘醌-8H、甲萘醌-9、甲萘醌-9H、甲萘醌-10、甲萘醌-11、甲萘醌-12、甲萘醌-13)、膽鹼、肌醇、β-胡蘿蔔素及彼等之任何組合。
於提供兒童營養產品(諸如成長奶)的實施
態樣中,該組成物可選擇性地包括,但不限於一或多種下列礦物質或彼等之衍生物:硼、鈣、醋酸鈣、葡萄糖酸鈣、氯化鈣、乳酸鈣、磷酸鈣、硫酸鈣、氯化物、鉻、氯化鉻、吡啶甲酸鉻、銅、硫酸銅(copper sulfate)、葡萄糖酸銅、硫酸銅(cupric sulfate)、氟化物、鐵、羰基鐵、三價鐵、富馬酸亞鐵、正磷酸鐵、研磨鐵、多醣鐵、碘化物、碘、鎂、碳酸鎂、氫氧化鎂、氧化鎂、硬脂酸鎂、硫酸鎂、錳、鉬、磷、鉀、磷酸鉀、碘化鉀、氯化鉀、醋酸鉀、硒、硫、鈉、多庫酯鈉、氯化鈉、硒酸鈉、鉬酸鈉、鋅、氧化鋅、硫酸鋅及彼等之混合物。礦物質化合物之非限制性示例衍生物包括任何礦物質化合物之鹽、鹼鹽、酯和螯合物。
礦物質可以鹽之形式(諸如磷酸鈣、甘油磷
酸鈣、檸檬酸鈉、氯化鉀、磷酸鉀、磷酸鎂、硫酸亞鐵、硫酸鋅、硫酸銅、硫酸錳及亞硒酸鈉)被添加在成長奶或其他兒童營養組成物中。額外之維生素和礦物質可依本技藝所知者添加。
於一實施態樣中,每一份量之兒童營養組成
物中可含有之維生素A、C和E、鋅、鐵、碘、硒和膽鹼的量為對任何指定國家之最大飲食建議量的約10至約50%,或對國家群組之平均飲食建議量的約10至約50%。於另一實施態樣中,每一份量之兒童營養組成物可供應之維生素B量為對任何指定國家之最大飲食建議量的
約10至30%,或對國家群組之平均飲食建議量的約10至30%。再於另一實施態樣中,兒童營養產品中之維生素D、鈣、鎂、磷及鉀的數量可相當於乳品中所發現者之平均數量。於其他實施態樣中,每一份量之兒童營養組成物中的其他營養素之存在量可為對任何指定國家的最大飲食建議量之約20%,或對國家群組之平均飲食建議量的約20%。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包括一或多
種下列調味劑,包括,但不限於調味之萃取物、揮發油、可可粉或巧克力調味劑、花生醬調味劑、餅乾碎片、香草或任何市售之調味劑。有用之調味劑的實例包括,但不限於純茴香萃取物、仿香蕉萃取物、仿櫻桃萃取物、巧克力萃取物、純檸檬萃取物、純柳橙萃取物、純薄荷萃取物、蜂蜜、仿鳳梨萃取物、仿蘭姆酒萃取物、仿草莓萃取物、葡萄或葡萄籽萃取物、蘋果萃取物、越橘萃取物或香草精;或揮發油,諸如香蜂花油(balm oil)、月桂油、佛手柑油、柏木油(cedarwood oil)、櫻花油、肉桂油、丁香油或薄荷油;花生醬、巧克力調味劑、香草餅乾碎片、奶油糖果、太妃糖及彼等之混合物。調味劑的量可根據所使用之調味劑而有很大的變化。調味劑之類型和量可依本技藝所已知者選擇。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包括一或多
種可添加在其中以用來穩定該最終產品之乳化劑。合適之乳化劑的實例包括,但不限於卵磷脂(例如來自卵、或大
豆、或任何其他植物及動物來源)、α-乳白蛋白及/或單酸甘油酯和二酸甘油酯,及彼等之混合物。其他乳化劑對熟習本技藝之人士而言是顯而易見的,而合適之乳化劑的選擇將部分取決於該調合物及最終產品。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包含一或多
種亦可添加在其中以延長產品之貨架期的防腐劑。合適之防腐劑包括,但不限於山梨酸鉀、山梨酸鈉、苯甲酸鉀、苯甲酸鈉、EDTA二鈉鈣及彼等之混合物。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包括一或多
種穩定劑。用於實行本發明之營養組成物的合適穩定劑包括,但不限於阿拉伯膠、印度樹膠(ghatti gum)、刺梧桐樹膠(karaya gum)、黃蓍膠、瓊脂、紅藻膠(furcellaran)、果阿膠(guar gum)、結冷膠、刺槐豆膠、果膠、低甲氧基果膠、明膠、微晶型纖維素、CMC(羧甲基纖維素鈉)、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、DATEM(單酸甘油酯及二酸甘油酯之二乙醯基酒石酸酯)、右旋糖苷、角叉菜膠、CITREM及彼等之混合物。
本發明進一步提供用於促進大腦和神經系統
健康的方法,此方法係經由提供包含本文所描述之神經性成分的營養組成物給目標個體來進行。不受限於任何特定的理論,咸信,提供包含神經性成分之營養組成物將可支持神經新生。
於一些實施態樣中,該目標個體可為兒科個
體。此外,於一實施態樣中,該提供給兒科個體之營養組成物可為嬰兒配方。該添加在嬰兒配方中之神經性成分可選自特定來源,且彼等之濃度可經過調整以將健康益處最大化。於本方法之另一實施態樣中,該包含神經性成分之提供給兒科個體的營養組成物為成長奶。
於另一實施態樣中,可將該營養組成物提供
給已罹患、目前正罹患、或未來有可能罹患大腦及/或神經系統損傷或疾病的目標個體。例如,於一實施態樣中,可將該營養組成物提供給已被診斷患有阿玆海默氏症或另一退化性大腦病症之目標個體。
再於另一實施態樣中,可將該包含神經性成分之營養組成物提供給任何目標個體,以促進神經保護。再於其他實施態樣中,該方法係針對經由提供包含神經性成分之營養組成物給孕婦或哺乳期母親來促進神經新生。此外,該包含本文所描述之神經性成分的營養組成物可提供神經性營養之補充來源給目標個體。
針對提供本文所描述之營養組成物的本發明方法可投遞增進之神經性營養及健康益處給這些方法的目標個體。用於提供本文所描述之營養組成物以用於特定之神經疾病或給予特定之目標個體的的方法內容並無限制,相反地,當適合投予本文所描述之營養組成物時其可進一步作為實例。
所提供之實施例係用於說明包含在本文所描述之營養組成物的神經性成分中的營養素之神經新生作
用。簡單地說,所提供之實例係描述熊果酸對hADSC的神經新生能力。這些實施例不應被解釋為對本發明之營養組成物的任何限制,而是作為說明。本專利說明書與實施例旨在僅作為示例,本發明之範圍和精神係由接續在實施例後之申請專利範圍指明。授讓予Kuang,等人之美國專利申請案序號13/408,485及授讓予Kuang,等人之美國專利申請案序號13/408,490可適合用於執行本發明,並以引用方式納入本文中。
本實施例描述與存有DHA(陽性對照組)及無DHA和熊果酸存在(陰性對照組)時所培養之hADSC相比較,熊果酸對hADSC之神經新生效果。自Sigma-Aldrich公司購得熊果酸(目錄編號U6753),並將其在95%乙醇中稀釋使濃度成為6毫克/毫升,以產生透明之淡黃色黏性溶液,然後將其儲存在-20℃。
自美國加州Carlsbad,Invitrogen®公司(亦稱為Life Technology公司)購買hADSC並在100毫米培養盤中培養至接近匯合單層,該培養盤中含有由Complete MesenPro RSTM培養基與生長補充劑和L-麩胺醯胺(亦來自Invitrogen®公司)所組成的維持培養基。培養、傳代及接種hADSC之過程描述於下。然後,移除細胞並以0.5-1×104細胞/毫升之密度重新接種在具有聚-L-鳥胺酸和牛血漿纖連蛋白塗層之24孔培養盤上。培養基與上述之
維持培養基相同。接種後三天,將培養基改變為神經元分化培養基。
當細胞培養達到匯合時進行hADSC之次代培養。為了將hADSC傳代,使用下列程序:i)從細胞中吸出Complete MesenPRO RS培養基;ii)以Dulbecco氏磷酸鹽緩衝之生理鹽水(DBPS)緩衝液漂洗細胞層之表面區域,此係經由將DBPS添加在黏附之細胞層對面的容器側並將容器來回搖動幾次進行;iii)將DPBS吸出並丟棄;iv)加入足夠體積之預熱的不含酚紅之胰蛋白酶-EDTA溶液來覆蓋細胞層,以使細胞剝離;v)在37℃培育約7分鐘;vi)在顯微鏡下觀察細胞以決定是否需要額外温育;vii)在培養盤中添加3毫升之維持培養基,混合該細胞懸浮液,將該懸浮液加入15毫升之離心管中並在210g離心5分鐘;viii)使用血球計測定細胞之總數及存活百分比;ix)在每一容器中加入Complete MesenPRO RS培養基,從而使最終培養體積為每平方厘米0.2毫升至0.5毫升;x)將適當體積之細胞加入各容器中並在37℃,5% CO2和90%濕度下培育以接種細胞;及xi)接種後三或四天完全去除培養基並以等體積之Complete MesenPRO RS培養基替換之。
將傳代之hADSC接種在新鮮培養盤之前,以無菌DPBS溶液清洗培養皿表面三次,再以無菌水漂洗多次後製備培養皿塗層。塗層之第一層為聚-L-鳥胺酸,其係經由添加約15至約20微克/毫升之聚-L-鳥胺酸並在37
℃下培育一小時來製備。以DPBS將培養盤清洗三次,每次清洗15分鐘。該塗層之第二層為牛血漿纖連蛋白。將纖連蛋白之貯存液在DPBS中稀釋1000倍並在每個孔中加入500微升。將培養盤在室溫下放置一小時。每孔以500微升之DPBS進行最後一次清洗並立即使用該培養盤。
然後,移除細胞並以2×104細胞/毫升之密度(1×104細胞/孔)重新接種在含有聚-L-鳥胺酸及牛血漿纖連蛋白塗層之24孔培養盤上。
接種及觸發後3天;將培養基改成不含血清之神經元分化培養基。將培養盤從温育箱中取出並在層流淨化罩下進行所有程序。將培養基從各個孔中完全移出。
然後,以每孔用量約1毫升之無菌DPBS溶液清洗hADSC,以除去過量之培養基。除去DPBS溶液並以不含血清之神經元分化培養基替換之,該神經元分化培養基含有可從Invitrogen®公司取得之NeurobasalTMMedium與L-麩胺醯胺、20毫微克/毫升之bFGF、20毫微克/毫升之EGF及N2補充劑。
將在30至120微克/毫升之範圍內的各種濃度之熊果酸加入欲個別測試之個別孔中,並在24小時、48小時和96小時在相差顯微鏡下與陽性對照組(20μM之DHA)及陰性對照組(未處理)相比較。重複進行該實驗三次。第1A-C圖描繪陰性對照組、陽性對照組及以60微克/毫升之熊果酸處理之細胞的相差顯微鏡圖像。一般而
言,若該hADSC顯示出神經元形態,此一結果係歸因於該添加之神經性成分的神經新生能力(本實施例中為熊果酸)。
以陰性對照組處理之hADSC維持其大、平坦、開展細胞之形態,表明沒有明顯之神經新生(第1A圖)。在20μM之DHA的存在下,有些hADSC劇烈變化成為神經元細胞形態(第1B圖)。細胞質收縮且神經突開始突出。由於細胞體收縮及來自顯微鏡之光的反射增強,具有神經元分化之細胞可觀察到光暈。在30至120微克/毫升之熊果酸的存在下有很大比例之細胞發生神經新生,如第1C圖(其顯示出以60微克/毫升之熊果酸處理之hADSC)中所見者。
為了調查熊果酸與其他大腦營養素之協同作用,以熊果酸和DHA一起處理hADSC。與單獨之60微克/毫升之熊果酸或20μM之DHA相比較,以15微克/毫升之熊果酸和15μM之DHA處理時顯示出强力之神經新生作用,從而證明在體外之協同作用(第1D圖)。
表1提供根據本發明之營養組成物的示範實施態樣並描述每100千卡用量中所欲包含之各成分的量。該組成物中含有包含熊果酸之神經性成分。
本專利說明書中所引用之所有參考資料,包括,但不限於所有論文、出版物、專利案、專利申請案、演示、文本、報告、手稿、手冊、書籍、網路貼文、雜誌文章、期刊,等之全部內容在此以引用方式納入本專利說明書中。本文中參考資料的討論只是為了概述由其作者所下之斷言,並非承認任何引用構成先前技藝。本申請人保留質疑所引用之參考資科的準確性和相關性之權利。
雖然本發明之實施態樣已使用特定術語、裝置和方法描述,這類描述僅用於說明。所使用之文字是描述,而非限制之文字。可理解的是,本技藝之一般技術人士可在不背離本發明之精神和範圍(這些列於接續之申請專利範圍中)的情況下作出各種改變和變化。此外,應理解的是,各種實施態樣之觀點可以全部或部分互換。例如,雖然已示例用於生產根據那些方法製造之市售無菌液體營養補充劑的方法,仍可以考慮其他用途。因此,所附之申請專利範圍的精神和範圍不應只限於其中所包含之版本的說明。
Claims (20)
- 一種營養組成物,其包含:(i)碳水化合物來源;(ii)蛋白質來源;(iii)脂肪來源;及(iv)熊果酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該熊果酸之存在量為約10毫克/100千卡至約500毫克/100千卡。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之營養組成物,其中該長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸包含二十二碳六烯酸、花生四烯酸或彼等之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之營養組成物,其中該長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸包含DHA,且其中該DHA及熊果酸在促進大腦健康上具有協同作用。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含益菌素。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之營養組成物,其中該益菌素包含聚右旋糖及半乳寡醣。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含選自由下列所組成之群組的營養素:益生菌、鐵來源、β-葡聚醣及彼等之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含選自由下列所組成之群組的營養素:葉黃素、膽固醇、白藜蘆醇及彼等之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該營養組成物為嬰兒配方。
- 一種營養組成物,其每100千卡包含:(i)約6克至約22克之碳水化合物來源;(ii)約1克至約7克之蛋白質來源;(iii)約1.3克至約7.2克之脂肪來源;及(iv)約10毫克/100千卡至約500毫克/100千卡之熊果酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之營養組成物,其進一步包含每100千卡約9.60×105cfu至約3.80×108cfu之益生菌。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之營養組成物,其進一步包含每100千卡約0.3克至約1.2克之益菌素。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之營養組成物,其中該營養組成物進一步包含每100千卡約4毫克至約50毫克之二十二碳六烯酸。
- 一種用於促進大腦及神經系統健康之非治療性方法,其包含:提供標的個體包含碳水化合物來源、蛋白質來源、脂肪來源及熊果酸之營養組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該標的個體 為兒科個體。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該營養組成物為嬰兒配方。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中營養組成物進一步包含長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之方法,其中該長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸為二十二碳六烯酸、花生四烯酸或彼等之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該營養組成物進一步包含至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組的營養素:益生菌、益菌素、β-葡聚醣及鐵來源。
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WO (1) | WO2015094533A1 (zh) |
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US9974767B2 (en) | 2014-07-14 | 2018-05-22 | University Of Washington | Statins in the treatment of muscular dystrophies and myopathies |
NL2015032B1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-24 | Vitalnext B V | Compositions and methods for the treatment of malnutrition. |
CN107752045A (zh) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-06 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | 一种含蛋白质的组合物、食品及其制备方法和应用 |
JP7136807B2 (ja) | 2017-04-17 | 2022-09-13 | ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・シカゴ | ヒトの健康及び疾患の治療用途向けの短鎖脂肪酸の腸への送達用ポリマー材料 |
MX2020006768A (es) | 2017-12-29 | 2020-08-24 | Kraft Foods Group Brands Llc | Estabilidad oxidativa mejorada de emulsiones de aceite-en-agua utilizando estabilizadores naturales. |
JP2023510525A (ja) * | 2020-01-03 | 2023-03-14 | バイオサーチ,エス.エー. | 認知障害の治療に使用する組成物 |
Family Cites Families (16)
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IE61701B1 (en) | 1986-07-17 | 1994-11-30 | Morinaga Milk Industry Co Ltd | Process for producing bovine lactoferrin in high purity |
US5407957A (en) | 1990-02-13 | 1995-04-18 | Martek Corporation | Production of docosahexaenoic acid by dinoflagellates |
AU661297B2 (en) | 1991-01-24 | 1995-07-20 | Martek Corporation | Microbial oil mixtures and uses thereof |
US5374567A (en) | 1993-05-20 | 1994-12-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Operational amplifier using bipolar junction transistors in silicon-on-sapphire |
EP0744901B1 (en) | 1994-02-16 | 2001-12-05 | Pharming Intellectual Property BV | Isolation of lactoferrin from milk |
US20020054924A1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2002-05-09 | Leahy Margaret M. | Novel compositions derived from cranberry and grapefruit and therapeutic uses therefor |
US20020076452A1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-06-20 | Ashni Naturaceuticals, Inc. | Combinations of sesquiterpene lactones and ditepene lactones or triterpenes for synergistic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 |
JP2004519241A (ja) * | 2001-03-09 | 2004-07-02 | ソシエテ デ プロデユイ ネツスル ソシエテ アノニム | 高齢化に伴う生理的障害を改善し寿命を延ばす組成物 |
EP1480524B1 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2013-04-17 | Upfront Chromatography A/S | A process of isolating lactoferrin |
EP1643862A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2006-04-12 | University of Kansas Medical Center | Infant formula |
WO2005034958A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-21 | Sk Chemicals, Co., Ltd. | Triterpene compounds which are effective on improvement of brain function |
CA2574360A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-26 | N.V. Nutricia | A preparation for use of aspartate for regulating glucose levels in blood |
US20060210697A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Mower Thomas E | Infant formula composition |
US8557310B2 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2013-10-15 | Stephen C. Perry | Composition to retard the onset of symptoms of alzheimer's disease |
MX2012006640A (es) * | 2009-12-08 | 2012-06-25 | Nestec Sa | Formula infantil con probioticos y componentes de la membrana del globulo graso de la leche. |
NZ610282A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2016-11-25 | Asha Nutrition Sciences Inc | Optimized nutritional formulations, methods for selection of tailored diets therefrom, and methods of use thereof |
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AR100029A1 (es) | 2016-09-07 |
US20150164833A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
WO2015094533A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
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