TW201439305A - Method for onward utilization of by-products from gasification plants - Google Patents

Method for onward utilization of by-products from gasification plants Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201439305A
TW201439305A TW103106727A TW103106727A TW201439305A TW 201439305 A TW201439305 A TW 201439305A TW 103106727 A TW103106727 A TW 103106727A TW 103106727 A TW103106727 A TW 103106727A TW 201439305 A TW201439305 A TW 201439305A
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gasification
products
product
gasifier
gas
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TW103106727A
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Chinese (zh)
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Ralf Abraham
Domenico Pavone
Simon Boris Hafner
Dobrin Toporov
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Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Gmbh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C10K1/046—Reducing the tar content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0989—Hydrocarbons as additives to gasifying agents to improve caloric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for utilization of by-products arising from gasification plants, particularly from a high-temperature Winkler gasifier, wherein the solid material-bearing gas arising during gasification is passed through a centrifugal separator. In the solution proposed by the invention gaseous and/or liquid by-products are not lost from the gasification process, thereby improving the yield of the gasification plant in question. This is achieved in that components not reacted at temperatures of 900 DEG C to 1200 DEG C such as C6H6 or C10H8 (by-products) and hydrogen-based products such as NH3, which are contained in the main gas in addition to products such as CO, H2, CO2, CH4 and H2O, are separated from the main gas products and returned to the gasification process.

Description

用於氣化廠副產物的繼續利用之方法 Method for continued use of by-products in gasification plants

本發明係針對一種用於氣化廠副產物之繼續利用之方法，更具體地說，是高溫溫克勒氣化爐之副產物，其中在氣化過程中形成並攜帶固體成分之氣體係經由離心分離器來通行的。 The present invention is directed to a method for continued use of by-products of a gasification plant, and more particularly, a by-product of a high temperature Winkler gasifier in which a gas system that forms and carries a solid component during gasification is via The centrifugal separator is used to pass.

在高溫氣化爐中的含碳材料的氣化過程中，例如是在高溫溫克勒氣化爐中，除了主產物-CO、H2、CO2、CH4和H2O-之外，在氣化溫度處於900℃至1200℃範圍中時，在主氣流中還存在氣化過程中的附加產物形式。通常可借助位於下游的裝置將該等副產物輕易地分離，並且由此可供送給其他技術過程或在輔助工廠中進行處理。 In the gasification process of carbonaceous materials in a high temperature gasifier, for example in a high temperature Winkler gasifier, except for the main products -CO, H 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O- When the gasification temperature is in the range of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C, there is also an additional product form in the gasification process in the main gas stream. These by-products can usually be easily separated by means of means located downstream and can thus be supplied to other technical processes or processed in an auxiliary plant.

本發明目的係提供一解決方案，借此使得氣體和/或液體副產物不會從氣化過程中丟失，是為了改進所討論的氣化廠的產量。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution whereby gases and/or liquid by-products are not lost from the gasification process in order to improve the production of the gasification plant in question.

根據本發明，這個目的達到了，這係因為，可將下述組分從主氣產物中分離出來並回收至氣化過程，即：舉例來說，除了存在於主要氣體中的產物以外還存在的組分(例如CO、H2、CO2、CH4和H2O)、在900℃至1200℃的溫度下不發生反應的組分(例如C6H6或C10H8(副產物))、還有氫基組分 (例如NH3)。 This object is achieved according to the invention, since the following components can be separated from the main gas product and recovered to the gasification process, ie for example, in addition to the products present in the main gas Components (such as CO, H 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O), components that do not react at temperatures between 900 ° C and 1200 ° C (eg C 6 H 6 or C 10 H 8 (by-products) )), and also a hydrogen-based component (such as NH 3 ).

原則上，存在多種方式用於回收該等副產物。本發明在這裡根據第一變體提供了回收副產物，該回收副產物可作為液體而與固體氣化產物(進料)混合，其中它可被固體材料(進料)吸收，並且與燃料一起被引入氣化爐。 In principle, there are a number of ways to recover such by-products. The invention provides a recovery by-product according to a first variant, which can be mixed as a liquid with a solid gasification product (feed), wherein it can be absorbed by the solid material (feed) and together with the fuel It is introduced into the gasifier.

在另一個實施方式中，可將回收副產物經由存在的O2供送噴嘴送入氣化廠。 In another embodiment, the recycled by-product can be sent to the gasification plant via the O 2 supply nozzle present.

如果正使用在高溫反應器的頭部區域提供的加熱燃燒器，還有可能將副產物與氧氣一起通過燃燒器噴嘴引入氣化爐，同樣地也可由本發明提供。 If a heating burner provided in the head region of the high temperature reactor is being used, it is also possible to introduce by-products together with oxygen through the burner nozzle into the gasifier, as can also be provided by the present invention.

還有仍另一種可能性，可以經由一組被定位在高溫氣化區的區域中的噴嘴將副產物送入氣化爐。 There is still another possibility that by-products can be fed to the gasifier via a set of nozzles positioned in the region of the high temperature gasification zone.

會在這一點上注意，可以單獨採用相應的技術過程或以不同的組合，這取決於氣化廠的性質與結構和/或取決於結構情況。 It will be noted at this point that the respective technical processes may be employed separately or in different combinations depending on the nature and structure of the gasification plant and/or on the structural conditions.

當副產物如上所述經由噴嘴或燃燒器被送回時，為了形成火焰，可以按這樣一種方式設計後者，它們可將副產物與O2混合，由此形成了一相對較高濃度的反應區。該副產物可以是液體的或氣體的。當使用噴霧嘴時，它可以作為蒸汽或作為液體的供給氣化爐，例如為了利於轉化。 When the by-products are returned via a nozzle or burner as described above, in order to form a flame, the latter can be designed in such a way that by-products can be mixed with O 2 to form a relatively high concentration reaction zone. . The by-product can be liquid or gaseous. When a spray nozzle is used, it can be supplied to the gasifier as steam or as a liquid, for example to facilitate conversion.

將氣化副產物引回氣化廠的方式取決非於具體的分解和/或裂解，並取決非於燃料氣的要求。例如，在各自溫度時，苯降解係不符合要求的；然而，在停留時間超過2秒並且溫度1200℃時，可達到苯之完全降解。藉由將苯送入氧噴嘴在苯火焰中形成非常高的局部溫度，儘管為氣化後區提供的氧氣可以減少，但是可能提高氣化爐之造渣性。 The manner in which gasification by-products are introduced back to the gasification plant is not dependent on the specific decomposition and/or cracking and is not dependent on the fuel gas requirements. For example, benzene degradation is not satisfactory at the respective temperatures; however, the residence time exceeds 2 seconds and the temperature At 1200 ° C, complete degradation of benzene can be achieved. By feeding benzene to the oxygen nozzle to form a very high local temperature in the benzene flame, although the oxygen supplied to the gasification zone can be reduced, it is possible to increase the slagging property of the gasifier.

1‧‧‧高溫溫克勒氣化爐 1‧‧‧High temperature Winkler gasifier

2‧‧‧氣化爐體 2‧‧‧ gasification furnace body

2a‧‧‧錐形流出區 2a‧‧‧ Tapered outflow zone

2b‧‧‧頭部區域 2b‧‧‧ head area

3、6、7、8‧‧‧供送導管 3, 6, 7, 8‧‧‧ feeding catheter

4‧‧‧離心分離器 4‧‧‧ centrifugal separator

5‧‧‧回流管 5‧‧‧Return pipe

9‧‧‧儲存容器 9‧‧‧ storage container

10‧‧‧輸送螺旋 10‧‧‧Transporting spiral

11、12、13‧‧‧箭頭 11, 12, 13‧‧‧ arrows

13a、13b‧‧‧噴嘴 13a, 13b‧‧‧ nozzle

14、15、16、18‧‧‧箭頭 14, 15, 16, 18‧‧‧ arrows

17‧‧‧氣體純化設施 17‧‧‧Gas purification facility

藉由舉例，並在附圖的基礎上，對本發明進行更詳細的闡述如下，其中第1圖係為一簡化氣化爐之圖式，其中將液體副產物送入固體起動燃料。 The invention is illustrated in more detail by way of example and on the basis of the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simplified gasification furnace in which liquid by-products are fed to a solid starter fuel.

第2圖係為通過O2噴嘴供送副產物之態樣。 Figure 2 is a view of the supply of by-products through an O 2 nozzle.

第2a圖係為噴嘴之放大示意性圖式。 Figure 2a is an enlarged schematic diagram of the nozzle.

第3圖係為通過高溫反應器的頭部區域供送副產物之同等圖式。 Figure 3 is an equivalent diagram of the by-products supplied through the head region of the high temperature reactor.

第3a圖係為噴嘴之放大示意性圖式。 Figure 3a is an enlarged schematic diagram of the nozzle.

第4圖係為該方法的簡化流程圖。 Figure 4 is a simplified flow chart of the method.

為充分瞭解本發明之目的、特徵及功效，茲藉由下述具體之實施例，並配合所附之圖式，對本發明做一詳細說明，說明如後：通常以1(例如高溫溫克勒氣化爐)為標誌的氣化廠係由氣化爐體2形成的，該氣化爐體係由耐火磚製造而成的，在重力方向的底部提供有一錐形流出區2a。往離心分離器4的供送導管3被定位在頭部區域2b中，其中離心分離器4將已被分離的顆粒固體經由回流管5傳導進入氣化爐2的下部區域2a。用於送入氣化組分的供送導管以及用於導入流化床的供送導管僅在第1圖中顯示，並由6至8表示。經由儲存容器9借助輸送螺旋10供送固體燃料，由箭頭11表示，其中更大的箭頭12表示從該技術過程而來的液體副產物之供送。最後，箭頭13顯示了O2的引入。 In order to fully understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail by the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, which are illustrated as follows: usually 1 (for example, high temperature Winkler The gasification plant is a gasification plant which is formed by a gasification furnace body 2 which is made of refractory bricks and which has a conical effluent zone 2a at the bottom in the direction of gravity. The supply conduit 3 to the centrifugal separator 4 is positioned in the head region 2b, wherein the centrifugal separator 4 conducts the separated particulate solids into the lower region 2a of the gasification furnace 2 via the return conduit 5. The feeding conduit for feeding the gasification component and the feeding conduit for introducing the fluidized bed are only shown in Fig. 1 and are indicated by 6 to 8. The solid fuel is supplied via the storage vessel 9 by means of a conveying screw 10, indicated by arrow 11, wherein a larger arrow 12 indicates the supply of liquid by-products from the technical process. Finally, arrow 13 shows the introduction of O 2 .

載有副產物氣體被匯出離心分離器4，根據箭頭16所示，並且供送至氣體純化設施17(第4圖)。在第4圖中還示意性地顯示，將從氣體純化設施17中得到的副產物根據箭頭18所示被供送進入氣化爐2，或者根據箭頭12所示以液體形式被供送到進料。 The by-product gas is taken out of the centrifugal separator 4, as indicated by the arrow 16, and supplied to the gas purification facility 17 (Fig. 4). It is also schematically shown in Fig. 4 that the by-products obtained from the gas purification facility 17 are supplied to the gasifier 2 as indicated by the arrow 18 or are supplied in liquid form as indicated by the arrow 12. material.

作為根據第1圖之實施方式之修改，在這裡，例如將氣體副產物經由O2噴嘴送入，通常由13a表示。在這裡，箭頭14表示O2的噴嘴引入；箭頭15表示副產物的噴嘴引入。噴嘴設計在這裡只是在第2a圖中示意性地或以簡化形式再現。 As a modification of the embodiment according to Fig. 1, here, for example, gaseous by-products are fed via an O 2 nozzle, usually indicated by 13a. Here, arrow 14 indicates nozzle introduction of O 2 ; arrow 15 indicates nozzle introduction of by-product. The nozzle design is reproduced here only schematically or in simplified form in Figure 2a.

最後，第3圖和第3a圖示出了本發明的一修改的示例性實施方式。在這裡，在氣化爐1的頭部區域2a，通常由13b表示的至少一個用於引入氧氣的噴嘴係以較大簡化形式再次示出的；在這裡，由14再次指示氧氣的供送箭頭，並且同樣地，用於送入副產物的箭頭具有參考數位15。 Finally, Figures 3 and 3a show a modified exemplary embodiment of the invention. Here, at the head region 2a of the gasifier 1, at least one nozzle for introducing oxygen, generally indicated by 13b, is again shown in a greatly simplified form; here, the supply arrow for oxygen is again indicated by 14 And, likewise, the arrow for feeding the by-product has the reference digit 15.

本發明當然不會只限於所示之實例；在此還提供了其他變體，尤其是結構變體，特別是關於用於將副產物與氧氣一起引入系統的噴嘴的設計。對應的用於副產物的噴料嘴還可能以與所述實例中所示出的方式不同的方式來提供。 The invention is of course not limited to the examples shown; other variants, in particular structural variants, are provided here, in particular with regard to the design of the nozzles for introducing by-products together with oxygen into the system. Corresponding nozzles for by-products may also be provided in a different manner than that shown in the examples.

此外，如果需要，液體形式的副產物的給料可能經由噴霧嘴來進行。 Furthermore, if desired, the feed of by-products in liquid form may be carried out via a spray nozzle.

1‧‧‧高溫溫克勒氣化爐 1‧‧‧High temperature Winkler gasifier

2‧‧‧氣化爐體 2‧‧‧ gasification furnace body

2a‧‧‧錐形流出區 2a‧‧‧ Tapered outflow zone

2b‧‧‧頭部區域 2b‧‧‧ head area

3、6、7、8‧‧‧供送導管 3, 6, 7, 8‧‧‧ feeding catheter

4‧‧‧離心分離器 4‧‧‧ centrifugal separator

5‧‧‧回流管 5‧‧‧Return pipe

9‧‧‧儲存容器 9‧‧‧ storage container

10‧‧‧輸送螺旋 10‧‧‧Transporting spiral

11、12、13‧‧‧箭頭 11, 12, 13‧‧‧ arrows

Claims (8)

一種用於氣化廠副產物的繼續利用之方法，係高溫溫克勒氣化爐之副產物，其中在氣化過程中形成並攜帶固體成分之氣體係經由離心分離器來通行的，其特徵在於，將下述組分從主氣產物中分離出來並回收至氣化過程，即：舉例來說，除了存在於主要氣體中的產物以外還存在的組分(例如CO、H2、CO2、CH4和H2O)、在900℃至1200℃的溫度下不發生反應的組分(例如C6H6或C10H8(副產物))、還有氫基組分(例如NH3)。 A method for further utilizing by-products of a gasification plant, which is a by-product of a high-temperature Winkler gasifier, wherein a gas system formed and carrying a solid component during gasification is passed through a centrifugal separator, and its characteristics In that the following components are separated from the main gas product and recovered to the gasification process, ie, for example, components other than the products present in the main gas (for example, CO, H 2 , CO 2 ) , CH 4 and H 2 O), a component that does not react at a temperature of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C (for example, C 6 H 6 or C 10 H 8 (by-product)), and a hydrogen-based component (for example, NH) 3 ). 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法，其中將該回收的副產物以液體形式供送至該固體氣化產物中，並且將它們聯合引入該氣化爐。 The method of claim 1, wherein the recovered by-products are supplied to the solid gasification product in liquid form, and they are jointly introduced into the gasification furnace. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法，其中將回收的副產物經由O2供送噴嘴送入該氣化廠。 The method of claim 1, wherein the recovered by-product is sent to the gasification plant via an O 2 feed nozzle. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法，其中如果正使用在氣化反應器的頭部區域提供的加熱燃燒器，則將該副產物與氧氣一起通過燃燒器噴嘴引入該氣化爐。 The method of claim 1, wherein if the heating burner provided in the head region of the gasification reactor is being used, the by-product is introduced into the gasifier through the burner nozzle together with oxygen. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法，其中經由一組被定位在高溫氣化區的區域中的噴嘴將該副產物送入該氣化爐。 The method of claim 1, wherein the by-product is fed to the gasifier via a set of nozzles positioned in a region of the high temperature gasification zone. 一種氣化廠，為一高溫溫克勒氣化爐，具有一氣化主體和一離心分離器，該離心分離器用於將固體成分從氣體中除去，該氣體更具體地說是由如申請專利範圍第1至5項所述之方法的實施而產生，其特徵在於：一分離器，該分離器可將存在於該氣體中的副產物分離出來，並且通過一回流管將被分離的副產物送入該氣化廠。 A gasification plant, which is a high temperature Winkler gasification furnace, having a gasification main body and a centrifugal separator for removing solid components from a gas, more specifically by the patent application scope Produced by the method of items 1 to 5, characterized by: a separator for separating by-products present in the gas and sending the separated by-products through a reflux pipe Enter the gasification plant. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之氣化廠，進一步包含：一回流管，該回流管用於將液體形式副產物送入至少一個儲存容器，這 個或這些儲存容器用於將該等固體供送進入該氣化爐。 The gasification plant of claim 6, further comprising: a return pipe for feeding the by-product in liquid form to at least one storage container, One or more of these storage containers are used to feed the solids into the gasifier. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之氣化廠，進一步包含聯合的噴嘴(13a、13b)，用於將副產物(15)和O2(14)向內送入。 The scope of the patent application to item 6 of the gasification plant, the joint further comprising a nozzle (13a, 13b), a byproduct (15) and O 2 (14) inwardly into.
TW103106727A 2013-02-27 2014-02-27 Method for onward utilization of by-products from gasification plants TW201439305A (en)

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